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Susanne Fietz
Curriculum Vitae
Susanne Fietz Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA),
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
+34 93 5814219, [email protected] www.susanne–fietz.de
Scientific Work History
Since 2007 ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Postdoctoral Scientist ´Marine biological processes in response to climate change in the Arctic´
´Origin and distribution of particulate organic matter in the Fram Strait ´ ‘Reconstruction of climate and productivity variability in Eurasia’
20062007 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, UK Senior Research Officer ‘Production and characterization of sea‐ice diatom exopolymers; testing the possible protective
role of EPS in the brine channel systems’
20012006 Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin Graduate Student/Research Assistant/Contracts for Work and Services ‘Recent and fossil phytoplankton pigments in Lake Baikal as markers for community structure and
environmental changes’ + HPLC analyses and interpretation on demand; development of new tech‐niques
Ecophysiology Research Group, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
19981999 Diploma (MSc) thesis: ‘Acclimation to simulated natural light fluctuations’
19941995 Student assistant for algal and Daphnia cultivation
Education
19922005 Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany PhD in Biology (‘summa cum laude’, highest available grade) Diploma in Biology (Master’s Degree, ´very good´, highest available grade) Study of Biology (final grade ‘very good’)
19951996 Universidad de Granada, Spain Guest Student at Biology and Environmental Sciences
Regular student at Spanish Studies for Foreigners
19841992 Lycée Français, Berlin, Germany Abitur and Baccalauréat (German and French universities‐entrance diploma)
Teaching, Mentoring, and Evaluation
Lectures
Since 2008 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Climate and Global Change Modules of the European Master of Environmental Studies (total 36h)
10/2006 University of Essex, UK Master Degree in the Environment (total 2h)
Mentoring & Evaluation
Since 2008 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain * Co‐supervision of six final year projects * Committee member for six (other) final year projects * Committee member for five 3rd year Ph.D. progress assessments
2009 + 2012 DISCCRS V and VII Symposium Application Reviews (Dissertations Initiative for the Advancement of Climate Change Research, USA) * Review of 16 applications for research excellence and interdisciplinary considerations
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Susanne Fietz
Organization
06/2010 Science Theme Committee Member and Session Co‐chairman, IPY 2010 Oslo Science Confer‐ence "Polar Research – Global Impact", Oslo, Norway
20082010 Organization of biweekly ICTA Research Colloquium (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Participation in research projects
20072009 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain `Identificación de biomarcadores del impacto antropogénico en comunidades marinas ´ (BIO‐
MARE), PI: J.C. Rodriguez
20062009 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain `Climate control on Holocene variability in Arctic sea‐ice and marine carbon export production´
(ICECARB), PI: P. Masqué, A. Rosell‐Melé
20012004 European Union, 5th Framework Programme `High‐resolution Continental Paleoclimate Record in Lake Baikal´ (CONTINENT), PI: H. Oberhänsli
Grants awarded
Personal research grants
2008 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain 3‐years Research Grant ´Juan de la Cierva´; JCI‐2008‐2738; 100,980 €
2008 Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain 2‐years Research Grant ´Beatriu de Pinós´; 2007 BP‐B1 00045; 66,064 €
2006 German Research Foundation (DFG) 2‐years Postdoctoral Fellowship FI 1466/1‐1; 55,000 €
Granted research projects as coinvestigator
2009 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain 2‐years research grant, TETRACLIM CGL2010‐15000; 92,000 €
2009 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain Complementary grant ´Campaña ANT/XXVI‐2´; 17,000 €
2008 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain Complementary grant ´Campaña ARK/XXIV‐1´; 6,000 €
2007 Natural Environment Research Council, UK 3‐years Research grant, NE/E016251/1; £546,000
Personal travel grants (full costs covered)
2010 Research Council of Norway & IASC ½ registration fee, accommodation & travel grant for IPY Oslo
2008 Marie Curie Research Training Network action Summer School ´BioCapital´; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
2008 German Research Foundation (DFG) Research‐Educational Centre ´Baikal´; Irkutsk State University
2008 U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) New Generation of Polar Researcher Symposium (NGPR); Colorado, USA
2005 U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) DISCCRS II Symposium; Pacific Grove, Monterey, USA
2005 U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) International Training Course in Antarctic Biology; McMurdo Station
Workshops related to interdisciplinarity and knowledge mobilization
08/2008 3rd Symposium of the ResearchEducational Centre ´Baikal´ Irkutsk State University, Russia
05/2008 New Generation of Polar Researcher Symposium (NGPR) Colorado Springs, CO, USA
03/2006 ‘Advancement of Climate Change Research’, DISCCRS II Symposium Pacific Grove, Monterey, CA, USA
01/2006 International Graduate Training Course in Antarctic Biology McMurdo Station, Antarctica
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Susanne Fietz
Outreach
Science themes
06/2012 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona / CaixaCatalunya, Spain High‐School Summer Science Camp ´Joves I Ciència´ (2 weeks); `¿Per què tenim aquest clima?´
(´Why do we have this climate´); Catalunya
07/2008 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona / Ministerio, Spain Exposition assistance for ‘International Polar Year (IPY) – Dazzling Science and Powerful Mes‐
sages‘; Palau de Congressos de Barcelona
02/2008 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain High‐School Lecture ‘Paleoclimatología y paleoecología en el Lago Baikal‘ within the campaign
‘Caravana del Clima’ Various
19962003 Gemeinwesenverein Haselhorst, Berlin, Germany Annual talks and guided tours for elderly people Press 2008 Merkel W.W., Blick ins blaue Auge des Planeten (Die Welt) 2008 Pulz H., Polarstern: Paläoklimaforschung auf katalanisch (Polarjahr) 2008 Berthin E., Polarstern: Emiliana huxleyi (Radio Bremen) 2002 Ringler V., Der Schatz im Baikalsee (profil)
Expeditions
11/2009 R/V ‘Polarstern’, Southern Ocean, ANT‐XXVI/2 07/2009 R/V ‘Polarstern’, Arctic Ocean, ARK‐XXIV/1 09/2008 Scientific Diving, cooperation with CSIC‐ICM, Catalunya, Spain 06/2008 R/V ‘Polarstern’, Arctic Ocean, ARK‐XXIII/1 10/2007 R/V ‘Garcia del Cid’, Mediterranean Sea, Spain 01/2006 McMurdo Station, Antarctica 07/2003 R/V ‘Vereshchagin’, Lake Baikal, Russia 07/2002 R/V ‘Vereshchagin’, Lake Baikal, Russia 03/2002 Ice Expedition, Lake Baikal, Russia 07/2001 R/V ‘Vereshchagin’, Lake Baikal, Russia
Languages
German: native English, French and Spanish: fluent spoken and written Catalan: fluent understanding and basic conversation Russian: very basic reading and understanding Latin: 6 yrs Ancient Greek: 3 yrs
Computer skills
Microsoft Office applications Art & Graphics: Corel Draw Web Page Design: HTML Database/Statistics: SPSS; Statistica; JMP10; Grapher Specific applications: CHEMTAX; HYSPLIT
Longterm affiliations
AGU – American Geophysical Union; EAOG – European Association of Geochemistry ASLO ‐ Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography DGL – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Limnologie; FBA – Freshwater Biology Association APECS ‐ Association of Polar Early Career Scientists; PAGES – Past Global Changes
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Susanne Fietz
Publications
Summary: ‐ 18 articles in international peer‐reviewed journals (153 citations, h‐index=9)
Please see http://www.researcherid.com/rid/A86952012 for abstracts and citations ‐ 4 manuscripts under review; 3 prepared for re‐submission
Articles published (or accepted) in international peerreviewed journals:
Fietz S, Huguet C, Bendle J, Escala M, Gallacher C, Herfort L, Jamieson R, Martínez‐Garcia A, McClymont E, Peck V, Prahl F, Rossi S, Rueda G, Sanson‐Barrera A & Rosell‐Melé A: Co‐variation of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs in glob‐ally‐distributed marine and freshwater sedimentary archives Global Planetary Change (accepted)
Huguet C, Fietz S, Moraleda N, Stockhecke M, Anselmetti FS, Sturm M, Heumann G & Litt T : A seasonal cycle of terres‐trial inputs in Lake Van, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012, doi 10.1007/s11356‐012‐0948‐3 (in press)
Rossi S, Isla E, Fietz S, Martínez‐Garcia A, Sañé E, Teixidó N: Temporal variation of seston biomarkers within the Humboldt Current System off northern Chile (21ºS): first simultaneous records on fatty acids, n‐alkanes and glyc‐erol‐dialkyl‐glycerol‐tetraethers. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology, 2012, doi 10.1080/19475721.2012.676068 (in press)
Fietz S, Martínez‐Garcia A, Huguet C, Rueda G & Rosell‐Melé A: Constraints in the application of the BIT index as a terrestrial input proxy. Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, 116, C10032. 2011
Fietz S, Martínez‐Garcia A, Rueda G, Peck V, Huguet C, Escala M & Rosell‐Melé A: Crenarchaea and phytoplankton coupling in sedimentary archives: Common trigger or metabolic dependence? Limnology & Oceanography, 56, 1907‐1916. 2011
Huguet C, Fietz S, Stockhecke M, Sturm M, Anselmetti FS & Rosell‐Melé A: Biomarker seasonality study in Lake Van, Turkey. Organic Geochemistry, 42, 1289‐1298. 2011
Underwood GJC, Fietz S, Papadimitriou S, Thomas DN & Dieckmann GS: Distribution and properties of dissolved Ex‐tracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in Antarctic sea ice. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 404, 1–19. 2010
Escala M, Fietz S, Rueda G & Rosell‐Melé A: Analytical Considerations for the Use of the Paleothermometer Tetraether Index86 and the Branched vs Isoprenoid Tetraether Index Regarding the Choice of Cleanup and Instrumental Con‐ditions. Analytical Chemistry, 81, 2701‐2707. 2009
Escala M, Rosell‐Melé A, Fietz S & Koeberl C: Archaeabacterial Lipids in Drill Core Samples from the Bosumtwi Impact Structure, Ghana. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 1782, 1777‐178. 2008
Fietz S, Nicklisch A & Oberhänsli H: Phytoplankton response to climate changes in Lake Baikal during the Holocene and Kazantsevo Interglacials assessed from sedimentary pigments. J. Paleolimnology, 37, 177‐203. 2007
Fietz S, Kobanova G, Izmest eva LR & Nicklisch A: Regional, vertical and seasonal phytoplankton and photosynthetic pigment distribution in Lake Baikal. J. Plankton Research, 27, 793‐810. 2005
Fietz S, Bleiß W, Hepperle D, Koppitz H, Krienitz L & Nicklisch A: First record of Nannochloropsis limnetica (Eustigma‐tophyceae) in the autotrophic picoplankton of Lake Baikal. J. Phycology, 41, 780‐790. 2005
Fietz S, Sturm M & Nicklisch A: Flux of photosynthetic pigments to the surface sediments of Lake Baikal. Global and Planetary Change, 46, 29‐44. 2005
Straskrábová V, Izmest'yeva LR, Maksimova EA, Fietz S, Nedoma J, Borovec J, Kobanova GI, Shchetinina EV, Pislegina EV: Primary production and microbial activity in the euphotic zone of Lake Baikal (Southern Basin) during late win‐ter. Global and Planetary Change, 46, 57‐73. 2005
Heim B, Oberhänsli H, Fietz S & Kaufmann H: Variation in Lake Baikal´s phytoplankton distribution and fluvial input assessed by SeaWiFs Satellite Data. Global and Planetary Change, 46, 09‐2. 2005
Fietz S & Nicklisch A: An HPLC analysis of the summer phytoplankton assemblage in Lake Baikal. Freshwater Biology, 49, 332‐345. 2004
Fietz S & Nicklisch A: Acclimation of the diatom Stephanodiscus neoastraea and the cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii to simulated natural light fluctuations. Photosynthesis Research, 72, 95‐106. 2002
Nicklisch A & Fietz S: The influence of light fluctuations on growth and photosynthesis of Stephanodiscus neoastraea (diatom) and Planktothrix agardhii (cyanobacterium). Archive of Hydrobiology, 15 1, 141‐156. 2001
Manuscripts currently under review:
Mackay AW, Swann GEA, Fagel N, Fietz S, Leng MJ, Morley D, Rioual P, Tarasov P: Climate instability during the last interglacial in central Asia (Quat. Sc. Rev.)
Rueda G, Rosell‐Melé A & Fietz S: Coupling of air and sea temperatures in the Fram Strait during the last 2000 Years (The Holocene)
Huguet C, Fietz S & Rosell‐Melé A: Environmental drivers on the global distribution of novel glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (EPSL)
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Ho SL & Mollenhauer Ga, Fietz S, Martínez‐Garcia A, Lamy F, Rueda G, Schipper K, Méheust M, Rosell‐Melé A, Stein R, Tiedemann R: Appraisal of the TEX86 and TEX86L thermometries in the subpolar and polar regions: implications for global core‐top calibrations (EPSL)
Manuscripts prepared for resubmission:
Fietz S, Hambach B, Huguet C, Rosell‐Melé A: Novel archaeal membrane lipid (OH‐GDGTs) distribution across the Nordic Seas (Mar. Chem.)
Fietz S, Prahl FG, Moraleda N & Rosell‐Melé A: Eolian transport of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) with dust from north‐west Africa (Org. Geochem.)
Huguet C, Colomer‐Ventura F, Menges J, Fietz S & Rosell‐Melé A: Improved procedure to quantify glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (Org. Geochem.)
Selected reports and abstracts:
Fietz S, Martinez‐García A, Rueda G, Rosell‐Melé A: Biomarker and dust studies. In: The Expedition of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" to the polar South Pacific in 2009/2010 (ed. R. Gersonde). Reports on Polar and Marine Re‐search. 2011
Hambach B & Fietz S: Arctic climate and ecosystem response – A multiproxy approach. In: The Expedition of the Re‐search Vessel "Polarstern" to the Arctic in 2008 (ed. G. Budéus). Reports on Polar and Marine Research. 2009
Escala M, Rosell‐Melé A, Fietz S & Baker A: Archaeal lipids in speleothems and the calibration of TEX86 in a new terres‐trial archive. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 10, 09823. 2008
Fietz S, Thomas D, Underwood G: Changes of the diatom exopolymer matrix in Antarctic Sea‐Ice as a response to environmental changes. The Phycologist, 72, 12. 2007
Heim B, Oberhänsli H, Fietz S & Rosell‐Melé A: Dynamics of autochthonous and allochthonous matter in Lake Baikal surface waters assessed by Ocean Colour satellite data. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 8, 08316. 2006
Heim B, Oberhänsli H, Kaufmann H & Fietz S: Investigation of terrigenous input and phytoplankton in Lake Baikal (RU) using SeaWiFS Ocean Colour Data. Proceedings of the 31st International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 4 pp. 2005
Book (thesis)
Fietz S: Phytoplankton pigments in Lake Baikal: Markers for community structure and environmental changes, ISBN 978‐3‐8364‐8933‐1. VDM Verlag Saarbrücken, 200pp. 2008
Reviews for international peer reviewed journals
Aquatic Ecology Archive of Hydrology – Advances in Limnology Biogeosciences; Ecosphere FEMS Microbiology Ecology Freshwater Biology Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans Journal of Phycology Marine Biology Marine Research Review Oikos
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Susanne Fietz
Conference Presentations
Summary: ‐ 16 talks as 1st author (1 invited, 2 plenary), 9 talks as co‐author ‐ 4 posters as 1st author, 2 posters as co‐author
International conference presentations (past 5 years): Huguet C, Fietz S & Rosell‐Melé A: Environmental drivers on the global distribution of novel glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, Oral, AOGS – AGU (WPGM) Joint Assembly, Singapore, 08/2012
Fietz S, Rueda G, Hambach B, Viladrich N, Rossi S, Budéus G & Rosell‐Melé A: Biomarkers for organic matter input and in situ production across the Atlantic Arctic fronts, Poster, IPY 2012 Conference, Montréal, Canada, 04/2012
Fietz S, Martínez‐Garcia A, Hambach B, Ho SL, Lamy F, Geibert W & Rosell‐Melé A: Organic aerosol transport and deposition over the Southern Ocean, Oral at plenary session, IMOG, Interlaken, Switzerland, 09/2011
Fietz S, Huguet C & Rosell‐Melé A: Correlation of Crenarchaea and phytoplankton biomarkers indicate metabolic dependence, Poster, IMOG, Interlaken, Switzerland, 09/2011
Huguet C, Fietz S, Stockhecke M, Moraleda N & Rosell‐Melé A: Seasonal contamination in Lake Van, Poster, IMOG, Interlaken, Switzerland, 09/2011
Huguet C, Fietz S & Rosell‐Melé A: Latitudinal distribution of archaeal H‐lipids, Oral, IMOG, Interlaken, Switzerland, 09/2011
Fietz S et al.: Biomarkers for organic matter input and in situ production in the Arctic and the Southern Ocean: distri‐bution in the water column and export towards the seafloor, Oral at plenary session, Symposium on Polar Studies, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 09/2011
Ho SL, Fietz S, et al.: Is TEX86 paleothermometry applicable in the polar region? Oral, Goldschmidt Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, 08/2011
Fietz S, Huguet C, Stockhecke M, Moraleda N & Rosell‐Melé A: Seasonality of primary productivity and contamination biomarkers in Lake Van assessed from sequential traps, Oral, Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences, Gi‐rona, Spain, 07/2011
Fietz S, Rosell‐Melé A, Rueda G, Martínez Garcia A, Hambach B, Viladrich N, Rossi S & Ziveri P: Multiyear Survey of the Distribution and Fate of Biomarkers in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean, Poster, AGU, San Francisco, USA, 12/2010
Carmack E, Wassman P, Arashkevich A & Fietz S: Arctic‐subarctic connections: an introduction, Oral, IPY Oslo Con‐ference, Oslo, Norway, 06/2010
Fietz S, Rosell‐Melé A, Hambach B, Mortyn G, Rossi S, Rueda G & Ziveri P: Biological response to environmental vari‐ability in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean), Oral, IPY Oslo Conference, Oslo, Norway, 06/2010
Rueda G, Rosell‐Melé A, Fietz S, Werner K & Spielhagen R: Past Climatic Conditions in the Fram Strait: a Late Holocene Multiproxy Study, Oral, IPY Oslo Conference, Oslo, Norway, 06/2010
Fietz S, Martinez‐Garcia A, Escala M & Rosell‐Melé A: Coupling of pelagic crenarchaeal abundance with primary ex‐port productivity and terrestrial organic matter input, Oral, Ocean Science Meeting (AGU/ASLO), Portland, Oregon, USA, 02/2010
Fietz S, Rosell‐Melé A, Escala M & Oberhänsli H: Air and water temperature changes for the last two gla‐cial/interglacial transitions in Lake Baikal (Siberia), Oral, EGU Vienna, Austria, 04/2009
Fietz S, Escala M, Oberhänsli H & Rosell‐Melé A: Ecosystem response to climate changes in Lake Baikal (Siberia) dur‐ing Last Interglacial and Holocene, Oral, ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Nice, France, 01/2009
Fietz S: Organic biomarkers/geochemical fossils, invited lecture, Marie‐Curie Research Training Network Summer School “BioCapital”, Rovinj, Croatia, 08/2008
Fietz S et al.: Ecosystem response to environmental changes in Lake Baikal, Oral, 3 rd Symposium of the Baikal Re‐search‐Educational Center, Bolshye Koti, Russia, 08/2008
Heim B, S Fietz & H Oberhänsli: Dynamics of autochthonous and allochthonous matter in Lake Baikal surface waters assessed by Ocean Colour satellite data, Oral, 3 rd Symposium of the Baikal Research‐Educational Center, Bolshye Koti, Russia, 08/2008
Heim B, Klump J, Fietz S & Oberhänsli H: The web‐based GIS of the paleolimnological project CONTINENT (Lake Bai‐kal, Russia), Oral, 3 rd Symposium of the Baikal Research‐Educational Center, Bolshye Koti, Russia, 08/2008
Fietz S: Multi‐proxy biomarker approach to assess climate and export production changes in the Arctic, Oral, New Generation of Polar Scientists Symposium, Colorado Springs, USA, 05/2008
Fietz S, Papadimitriou S, Thomas D & Underwood GJC: Could the slime matrix support microbial survival in the ex‐treme cold and saline polar sea‐ice brine? Poster, New Generation of Polar Scientists Symposium, Colorado Springs, USA, 05/2008
Escala M, Rosell‐Melé A, Fietz S & Baker A: Archaeal lipids in speleothems and the calibration of TEX86 in a new ter‐restrial archive, Poster, EGU, Vienna, Austria, 04/2008
Heim B, Fietz S, Straskrábova V & Oberhänsli H: Ocean Colour (SeaWIFS, NASA) investigations of Lake Baikal’s surface waters (Siberia) within a paleoclimate research framework, Oral, European Associations of Remote Sensing Labo‐ratories Symposium, Bozen, Italy, 06/2007
Fietz S, Papadimitriou S, Thomas D & Underwood GJC: Changes of the diatom exopolymer matrix in Antarctic Sea‐Ice as a response to environmental changes, Oral, British Phycological Society Meeting, Belfast, UK, 01/2007
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Susanne Fietz
Research Statement My research aims to study modern aquatic systems and sedimentary archives as well as sedimentation processes to help interpretation. This approach provides essential information on past and present conditions for those pre‐dicting future changes. Recurrent theme of most of my work is the use of biogeochemical markers to track environmental changes and their consequences on the ecosystems. A sum‐mary scheme of the main research areas is shown in the Figure.
Research topics and achievements
1. Phytoplankton adaptations
1.1. Acclimation to rapidly changing light Wind induced circulation of the water col‐
umn moves phytoplankton vertically within the mixed layer. Since in the water column light is exponentially attenuated with depth, phyto‐plankton is exposed to dramatic light changes within 15–60 min. Phytoplankton needs to adapt the photosynthetic apparatus to such rapidly changing light conditions to maintain cells alive. Phytoplankton groups, however, cope with different strategies, which contribute to the seasonal phyto‐plankton succession observed in many aquatic systems. Fietz & Nicklisch. Acclimation […] to simulated natural light fluctuations. Photos. Res., 2002 Nicklisch & Fietz. The influence of light fluctuations on growth and photosynthesis […]. Archive Hydrobiol., 2001
1.2. Survival in sea ice brine During ice formation in autumn, microorganisms are confined to hypersaline brine channels. Despite the harsh en‐
vironmental conditions the algal biomass is surprisingly high, with diatoms representing a major component to this unique community. Sea ice diatoms produce large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or mucilages that fill the brine channels. These mucilages are thought to help the diatoms to survive in the harsh conditions of the sea ice channels. It is suggested that the EPS may confer general benefits to ice diatoms, such as cryoprotection, salin‐ity barriers and a localized microclimate. Underwood et al. Distribution and properties of dissolved […] EPS in Antarctic Sea Ice. MEPS, 2010
2. Biomarkers for modern aquatic ecosystem studies
There is an important need not only to assess the extent of current environmental changes, but also to relate them to the biological response and carbon export. This information is essential for those models predicting ecosystem and carbon cycle changes and will indicate the consequences of expected warming trends. The biological response to environmental changes is reflected in the molecular composition of the organisms. We use these adaptations to rap‐idly monitor environmental changes over time or regions.
2.1. Phytoplankton pigments Phytoplankton pigments capture solar energy, mediate its conversion to chemical energy, and ultimately control
primary production by regulating the supply of organic carbon to the pelagic food web. In contrast to higher plants, which all contain a rather similar pigmentation, algae and cyanobacteria have group‐specific pigment compositions. Different phytoplankton groups have distinct environmental preferences, e.g. light, nutrient and temperature re‐quirements, which affect their growth. Thus, marker pigments that allow the phytoplankton composition to be esti‐mated thereby help to monitor environmental changes. Fietz et al. […] phytoplankton and photosynthetic pigment distribution in Lake Baikal. J. Plankton Res., 2005 Fietz et al. First record of Nannochloropsis l. […] in the autotrophic picoplankton of Lake Baikal. J. Phycology, 2005 Straskrábová et al. Primary production and microbial activity in the euphotic zone of Lake Baikal […] GPC, 2005 Heim et al. Variation in Lake Baikal´s phytoplankton […] assessed by SeaWiFs Satellite Data. GPC, 2005 Fietz & Nicklisch. An HPLC analysis […] in Lake Baikal. Freshwater Biol., 2004
2.2. Multiproxy approaches The allochthonous nutrient input via dust or sea‐ice releases into a system has profound consequences on the pri‐
mary productivity, food‐web and carbon cycle. Within a multi‐year approach in the Arctic and a first year in the Southern Ocean, we currently aim to combine the allochthonous organic matter input (alkanes, alcohols, and acids), the available nutrients (N, P), the aquatic insitu production (pigments; alkenones, and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetra‐ethers – GDGT) and processes of the trophic chain (fatty acids). Fietz et al. Lipid biomarker distribution and ecosystem structure across Atlantic‐Arctic fronts. Prepared Rossi et al. Temporal variation of seston biomarkers within the Humboldt Current System [...] TAOL 2012
Terres
trial de
positio
n
(plants
& bact
eria),
e.g.: n
‐alkane
s, brGD
GTs
Dust
Rivers, erosion
Phytop
lankto
n,
e.g.: p
igment
s,
alkenon
es
Sea ice processes & debris input
Archaea & Bacteriae.g.: GDGTs, hopanoids
Zooplankton, e.g.: fatty acids
Anthropogeniccontamination
Climate changes
Sedimentation processes
Sediment archives
Terres
trial de
positio
n
(plants
& bact
eria),
e.g.: n
‐alkane
s, brGD
GTs
Dust
Rivers, erosion
Phytop
lankto
n,
e.g.: p
igment
s,
alkenon
es
Sea ice processes & debris input
Archaea & Bacteriae.g.: GDGTs, hopanoids
Zooplankton, e.g.: fatty acids
Anthropogeniccontamination
Climate changes
Sedimentation processes
Sediment archives
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Susanne Fietz
3. Biomarkers as paleoproxies
3.1. Multiproxy approaches Paleoclimate and paleoecological reconstructions are based on a range of proxies for organic and inorganic matter.
Both organic and inorganic matter can be of aquatic but also of terrestrial origin. The terrestrial matter is brought into the aquatic environment with winds, erosion, or rivers. Lipids in general are within the most important biomarkers, since they have great preservation potential. Some of the most prominent lipids in paleo‐reconstructions are n‐alkanes (plants, bacteria), alkenones (algae), and GDGTs (archaea, bacteria). Source locations, formation and sedimen‐tation processes of the markers need to be studied though to allow interpretation of the markers preserved in the sediment. Huguet C, et al. A seasonal cycle of terrestrial inputs in Lake Van, Turkey. ESPR, 2012 Huguet C, et al. Biomarker seasonality study in Lake Van, Turkey. Org. Geochem., 2011 Fietz S, et al. Flux of photosynthetic pigments to the surface sediments of Lake Baikal. GPC, 2005
3.2. Aiming at a better understanding of the new GDGTbased approaches Despite the early hype on the glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT)‐based proxies, a couple of uncertainties
became obvious within the past years hindering often the interpretation of the paleorecords. For example, the me‐tabolisms of the isoprenoidal GDGT‐producing Archaea are not completely assessed and the depth of GDGT produc‐tion also remains still under debate, as well as the ecophysiological background for the observed changes in the GDGT composition at moderate temperatures. The source of the branched GDGTs is despite ongoing efforts still not ascer‐tained. In the past years we intended to contribute to this growing research field and hopefully dissipate some of the uncertainties. Moreover, we discovered new GDGTs that show structural changes with latitude and we intend to model these novel GDGT molecules in order to assess their molecular behaviour under different temperatures. Fietz S, et al. Novel archaeal membrane lipid […] distribution across the Nordic Seas. to be resubmitted Huguet C, et al. Environmental drivers on the global distribution of novel GDGTs. Org Geochem., in review Ho SL, et al. Appraisal of the TEX86 and TEX86L thermometries in the subpolar and polar regions […]. EPSL, in review Fietz S, et al. Co‐variation of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs in globally‐distributed […]. GPC,2012 Fietz S, et al. Constraints in the application of the BIT index as a terrestrial input proxy. J. Geophysical Research, 2011 Fietz S, et al. Crenarchaea and phytoplankton coupling in sedimentary archives […] Limnol. & Oceanogr., 2011 Escala M, et al. Archaeabacteriallipids in […] Bosumtwi impact structure, Ghana. Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 2008
4. Paleoclimatological reconstructions
Based on the aforementioned lipid biomarkers, a couple of paleoclimatological reconstructions have been under‐taken: 1. Water and air temperature variability in Eurasia over the past c. 130 kyrs. 2. Reconstruction of surface and subsurface water temperatures in the Atlantic Southern Ocean, as well as of air temperatures at the dust source loca‐tions over the past c. 500 kyrs. 3. Comparison of sea surface and subsurface temperatures in the Fram Strait, Arctic, over the past 2000 yrs. 4. Upper ocean temperature, salinity and productivity reconstructions in the NE Atlantic and the impacts of ice rafted debris deposition. Rueda G, et al. Coupling of air and sea temperatures in the Fram Strait during the last 2000 years. The Holocene, submitted Mackay et al. Climate instability during the last interglacial in central Asia. QSR, submitted Fietz et al. Phytoplankton response to climate changes in Lake Baikal […]. J. Paleolimn., 37, 2007
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