current trends for red alder after 100 years of proliferation glenn ahrens osu extension forester...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Current Trends for Red Alder After 100 Years of Proliferation Glenn Ahrens OSU Extension Forester Clatsop and Tillamook Co](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e315503460f94b22387/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Current Trends for Red Alder After 100 Years of Proliferation
Glenn AhrensOSU Extension Forester
Clatsop and Tillamook Co.
![Page 2: Current Trends for Red Alder After 100 Years of Proliferation Glenn Ahrens OSU Extension Forester Clatsop and Tillamook Co](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e315503460f94b22387/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background - key references
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Timber Harvest Western Oregon and Washington
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
1993199419951996199719981999200020012002
Tot
al -
Mill
ion
Boa
rd F
eet
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ald
er -
Mill
ion
Boa
rd F
eet
Alder
All species
Will Alder Harvest Increase?
![Page 5: Current Trends for Red Alder After 100 Years of Proliferation Glenn Ahrens OSU Extension Forester Clatsop and Tillamook Co](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e315503460f94b22387/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Agenda
• Red alder - 100 years of proliferation?
• Early forest disturbance and resource trends.
• Recent forest management trends and impacts on alder.
• Current and future trends for alder – How far will alder fall?
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Alder has been more abundant in past climate
cycles.
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Red alder rises again during the 1900’s
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1933 Inventory 546 billion bf
red alder, 0.4%
bigleaf maple, 0.1%
Douglas-fir, 61%western hemlock,
19%
All other, 20%
Western Oregon and western Washington, Andrews and Cowlin 1940.
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1989 Inventory 431 billion bf
Red alder, 5.3%
Bigleaf maple, 1.7%
Douglas-fir, 58%
Western hemlock, 17%
All other, 18%
Western Oregon and western Washington, USFS FIA IDB database 2006
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1933 Inventory29 million acres
Hardwood, 2.6%
Conifer, 82.4%
Unstocked, 15.0%
Western Oregon and western Washington, Andrews and Cowlin 1940.
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1989 Inventory23 million acres
Hardwood, 18.0%
Conifer, 79.2%
Unstocked, 2.8%
Western Oregon and western Washington, USFS FIA IDB database 2006.
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Hardwood Inventory, Growth, and RemovalsPrivate lands - W. OR & W. WA
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
inve
nto
ry v
ol.
mil
lio
n c
u.f
t.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
gro
wth
& r
emo
val
vol.
mil
lio
n c
u.f
t.
INVENTORY
GROWTH
REMOVALS
Sources: Raettig et. al 1995, Gray et. al 2002, Azuma et al. 2005
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Red Alder Inventory Volumeinventory dates ~1995 to 2000
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,000
N. Cali
forn
ia
Orego
n
Was
hingt
on
British
Colu
mbia
Alaska
Mill
ion
cu
.ft.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Mill
ion
cu
.me
ters
Source: USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis, BC Ministry of Forests
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Annual Removals/Harvest of Red Alder~590 million bd. ft (4.9 million cu. m)
WA - Private65%
OR - Private23%
WA+OR State/OP5%
BC5%
CA2%
Source: USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis, BC Ministry of Forests ~1995-2000
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Alder Sawtimber Inventory by Owner
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Federal State/OtherPublic
IndustrialPrivate
Other Private
Mill
ion
bo
ard
fe
et
WAOR
Source: USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis
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•Abundant alder is a legacy of past practices.
•Modern forest practices generally reduce the alder component.
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Area of Hardwood Forest TypesW. Oregon & W. Washington
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
1981 1991 2001
Year
Th
ou
san
d A
cre
s
Industrial PrivateNon-industrial PrivateState/Other public
Source: USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis
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Alder Removals and GrowthW. Oregon & W. Washington
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
Industrial Non-IndustrialPrivate
State-other public
Mill
ion
cu
. fee
t RemovalGrowth
Source: USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis
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Changes in Hardwood Volume10-year change 1990's
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
WA Growth WA Loss OR Growth OR Loss
Mill
ion
cu
.ft.
Land changeRemovalMortalityGrowth
Source: USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis
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Land Development has a disproportionate effect on the alder component of the forest.
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Refuges for alder?
• Riparian management areas
• Unstable slopes
• Wildlife habitat retention
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Riparian area restoration – girdle alder and plant conifers?
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Knowledge of and management for alder is increasing.
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Foresters often leave alder in young stands when it appears to be the “best tree”.
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Non-industrial private owners are not aggressively favoring conifers…
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Log Price Trends - NW OregonAdjusted for inflation - 2007 $
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1975 1985 1995 2005Year
U.S
. $
pe
r m
bf
Douglas-fir 2S & 3S
Alder CR (5"+)
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
cubic feet/acre/year
Douglas-fir -Empirical Yield
Red alder - EmpiricalYield
Douglas-fir -Managed
Red alder - Managed
Wood production rates for red alder and Douglas-fir
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Projections of area of red alder by private ownerships in PNW westside region (Alig et. al 2000)
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Source: K. Norm Johnson 2002, CLAMS
~16.4 % Broadleaf
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Source: K. Norm Johnson 2002, CLAMS
~4.6 % Broadleaf
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Climate change scenarios and potential shifts in the range of red alder (Shafer et. al 2001)
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After a rapid increase in abundance during the 1900’s, red alder is now declining.
• Early logging ,land clearing, and burning favored proliferation of alder.
• Increasing management to meet landowner objectives - most major landowners reduced alder.
• Encroachment of non-forest development, particularly on lowlands with abundant alder.
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Changing patterns of alder occurrence – smaller patches, more restricted to riparian areas, lower slopes.
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Timber Harvest Western Oregon and Washington
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
1993199419951996199719981999200020012002
Tot
al -
Mill
ion
Boa
rd F
eet
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ald
er -
Mill
ion
Boa
rd F
eet
Alder
All species
Will Alder Harvest Increase?
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Red Alder Processed in W. Washington
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Year
mil
lio
n t
on
s
Source: Washington Hardwoods Commission
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How far will alder fall? - uncertain balance determines the future of the red alder
— Management favoring conifers on major private and public lands.
— Non-forest development, particularly on lowlands.
┼ Increasing value of alder – major industry and employment.
┼ Increasing management for alder - both economic and ecological goals.
± Climate change affects on suitability of sites for alder.
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Private non-industrial forests are increasingly important for alder.
• Alder is a major component on private non-industrial (NI) forest lands.
• With diverse goals and less intensive management - alder is more likely to regenerate/persist.
• NI forest lands are also most susceptible to development.