current status of renewable energy in … · current status of renewable energy in indonesia and...

1SDJ / BPPT – ASTS /2007

Jakarta, March 8 – 9, 2007

Prof. Said D. Jenie Sc.D.Chairman of BPPT

The Asian Science and Technology Seminar

CURRENT STATUS OF RENEWABLE CURRENT STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDONESIA AND ITS ENERGY IN INDONESIA AND ITS

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT BPPTTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT BPPT


OUTLINE

I. PRESENT CONDITIONSII. NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY III. BPPT ENERGY PROGRAMS


Status energy mixed in 2005 , before the Presedential Decree

SHARE OF FUEL IS HIGH (67%) IN NATIONAL FINAL ENERGY MIX

Source: Blue Print of National Energy Planning (PEN) 2005

1.1 Fuel Dominates Energy Mix

Coal11%

Fuel (Oil)67%

Electricity12%

Biofuel0%

City Gas8%

LPG2%

I. PRESENT CONDITIONS


1.2 Chronology of Energy Consumption 1995 - 2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

Mill

ion

BO

E

Coal Fuel Natural Gas Electricity LPG


PRODUCTION1125

EXPORTS

514

DOMESTIC SUPPLY

611

IMPORTS

487

Oil in 2004 ( 1000 barrels/day )

EXPORTS

4.88

DOMESTIC SUPPLY3.47

Natural Gas in 2004 ( BSCF/ day)

PRODUCTION

131.72

EXPORTS92.50

DOMESTIC SUPPLY32.91

Coal in 2004 ( mil tons / year )

PRODUCTION8.35

Source: Blue Print of National Energy Planning (PEN) 2005

1.3 Export – Import Balance for Oil , Gas & Coal

These diagrams clearly show that if we can increase the utilization of gas and coal , then we can reduce the supply

need for the oil


II. NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

2.1 Energy Targets 2025 based on Presidential Decree 5, 2006

Nuclear BiomassHydroSolarwindCoal Liquifaction

Gas30%

Coal33%

Oil20%

Biofuel 5%

Geothermal 5%

others7%

Biofuel will become at least 5%

of the total National Energy MIX 2025Bio-fuel 5 %

Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind 5 %

Coal Liquefaction 2 %

Geothermal 5 %


2.2 Roadmap to Achieve Energy Targets

Electric Power Plant

Fuel Fu

el Fuel

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Geothermal

Biofuel

Coal

NaturalGas

Oil

Oil

NaturalGas

Coal

Geothermal


III. BPPT RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS

1. Bio-Fuel

Bio- Diesel

Bio – Ethanol

Bio - Oil

1. Bio mass

2. Geothermal

3. Solar Energy

4. Fuel Cell

5. Wind Energy

6. Coastal Wave Energy

7. Sea Current Energy

8. Micro-hydro Energy

Various types of renewable energy systems Research , Development .Engineering and Operation has been developed in several laboratories at BPPT since 1980These Energy systems are given as follows

2. Coal Liquefaction

Indirect

Direct

Fuel to generate Energy Energy for Electricity


III. BPPT RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS

3.1 Technology State of The ArtFor each of energy systems being developed and engineered at BPPT we apply the following technological state of the art

● Easy producable using as much a local content aspossible

● Easy operable in rural areas by local technician● Operationally efficient , if necessary by applying simple

electronic control systems

● Reasonably low cost and provide added values to the local operator

The above strategy are chosen in order that the energy system could be learnt fast by the people in remote rural areas and subsequently apply by them

Some example of energy systems developed at BPPT are given in the following

● Environmentally friendly and for some systems also applyingadvanced materials


In accordance with type of plant it is made of and the way it is processed , there are three types of biofuel namely ,

1. Bio Ethanol2. Bio Diesel3. Bio Oil/Pure Plant Oil

3.2.1 Definitions & Types

3.2 Biofuel

Biofuel by definition is fuel from vegetable oils or animal fats.

The chemical and physical properties of biofuelclosely resemble to those of fossil fuel.


5-20%

Crude bio-oil

Pure Plant Oil

Biodiesel

Solar/ diesel oilBioSolar

Diesel Engine: car, Genset

Coconut

palm Jathropa

PURE PLANT OIL(PPO ) and BIODIESEL

3.2.2 Raw materials for Biofuel

BIOETHANOL

Methanol+

Cassava mollases

Hydrolysis + Fermentation

Bioethanol ( 9% )

Dihedration

Bioethanol ( FG )

Gasolin Engine

PremiumBioPremium

5-20%

Lignoselulosa

diesel oil


3.2.3 Development of Bioethanol plant at BPPT

Development and engineering of prototype plant for bioethanol at BPPT is carried out in Balai Besar Teknologi Pati ( Center for Cassava Technology ) in ,Sulusuban , Lampung

This center has carried out research , development & engineering for application of bioethanol as afuel since almost a quarter of century ago

Bioethanol Plant with Cassava as raw material

Hydrolysis unit

Fermentation unit

Distilationunit

Dehydration unit

Mashing unit


Lab Scale biodieselproduction (400 L)

Engineering design and fabrication of Biodiesel pilot plant , capacity 1.5 ton /day(Modularised, skid mounted and movable)

EPC Pilot Plant Biodieselcapacity 8 ton/ day

EPC Pilot Plant BiodieselCap. 3 ton/day , for field trial in Desa Mandiri

Basic Design and Engineering Biodiesel Plant Cap. 100 ton/ day

3.2.4 Development of BioDiesel Plant at BPPT

Development of prototype plant for Biodiesel are carried out step by strep at BPPT

Coops BPPT – PemdaRiau , targeted operation Dec 2006


3.2.5 Application of Biodiesel for Transportation System

Product spesificTest

socialization Laboratory TestRoad Test

Process production & Automation

Product Compliance to SNI

Various raw materials :Various raw materials :

CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5CPO off grade (FFA 5--20 %)20 %)Waste CPO (FFA 20Waste CPO (FFA 20--70 %)70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPORBDPSRBDPSUsed Cooking OilUsed Cooking OilJatrophaJatropha OilOil

Laboratory and field testing on automotive systems at BPPT

Road test for B-30 with range distance of 2000 km and 20.000 km

Operational Test & Evaluation carried out using B-10 for 23 BPPT operational bus , since 2004


3.2.6 Application of Pure Plant Oil for Diesel Engines and Stoves

Application on Automotive Systems

Converter systems to adjst the viscousiry of the fuel

Metering units to probe the efficentcyApplication to house hold divice


3.3 Coal Liquefaction

● Laboratory for Coal liquefaction

● Plant Prototype for Coal gasification using Catalytic Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal Gasification method

Research laboratory for coal liquefaction has been established for developing various methods of lequefactions


3.4 BPPT Fuel Cell R&D

Local Content 80%Local Content 80%

Application of PEFC for Electric. Gen.

Optimization ofPEFC 500WOptimization ofDMFC 100 W

Optimization ofPEFC 200WPrototype DMFC 5WHigh temp. membrane

Prototype PEFC (10 – 20 W)Prototype DMFC 1 cell (0.5W)Low cost Membrane

Prototype PEFC 1 cell (80% local) (Graphite, SUS/Au)Catalyst Pt & non-Pt

Manufacture of MEA (70% local)Prototype of Local Graphite Bipolar plate

Membrane Nafion(PEFC)Modified Membrane Nafion(DMFC)

20102010200920092008200820072007200620062005200520042004

5~16 cm2

Lapi

san

bertu

mpu

k

O2

H2

Lapisan FC

Katoda

Anoda

Elektrolit

Separator

Separator

Lapi

san

bertu

mpu

k

O2

H2

Lapisan FC

Katoda

Anoda

Elektrolit

Separator

Separator

M E A

P o lim er e lek tro lit pada t

K a toda A noda

G aske t

M e tano l (aq )rese rvo ir

O 2/ud ara

C urren t co lec to rS U S /A u

C aseS U S /acrylic

5~ 10 cm

5~ 10 cm

2~ 3 cm

M E A

P o lim er e lek tro lit pada t

K a toda A noda

G aske t

M e tano l (aq )rese rvo ir

O 2/ud ara

C urren t co lec to rS U S /A u

C aseS U S /acrylic

5~ 10 cm

5~ 10 cm

2~ 3 cm

5~16 cm25~16 cm2CH4

PEFC

H2

DMFC

DMFC

Poly

mer

Ele

ctro

lyte

Fu

el C

ell (

PEFC

)D

irect

Met

hano

l Fue

l C

ell (

DM

FC)


3.4.1 Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Prototyping

50 cm2 36 cm2 5 cm2

Stack PEFC with bipolar plate graphite

50 cm2 36 cm2 5 cm2

Stack PEFC with bipolar plate graphite

NoNo Temp Temp ( C)( C)

Current Current (A)(A)

Voltage (V)Voltage (V) ApplicationApplication

1.1. 3030 0.160.16 0.6350.635 LampLamp

2.2. 3535 0.160.16 0.6100.610 LampLamp

3.3. 7070 0.150.15 0.5100.510 LampLamp

4.4. 8080 0.160.16 0.4280.428 LampLamp

5.5. 8080 0.050.05 0.7310.731 Small FanSmall Fan

End plate : AluminiumBipolar Plate : Graphite plate with EDM processMembrane : Co-polimer hidrokarbon, Nafion-silika, sPEEK-

types, sPEEK-zeoliteElectrodes : Carbon paper, Catalyst Pt-Co and Pt-Ni

Manufaktur Komponen Cell

CH3OHCH4

H2

fuel O2

Manufaktur Komponen Cell

CH3OHCH4

H2

fuel O2


Wind Enegy

Solar Energy

Wave Energy

Ocean Current Energy

Oscillating Water Column

Wave Rider

Heave Rider

Fixed Based

Floating Based

Coastal Based

Control Center

Jatropha Curcas/ Palm coconut plantation

Ground based Based

3.5 Electrical Power Generation using Solar , Geothermal , Wind , Wave & Ocean Current Energy

Airborne Windmill

BPPT Energy ParkParang Racuk , Baron ,

Wonosari , DIY


Theme : Utilization of Low–Medium Enthalpy

Geothermal resources for Power

Generation Plant

Technologies Assessment : - Binary Cycle Power Plant

Pilot Plant : - Binary Cycle Power Plant 2,5 MW at Lahendong (1988 – 1995)

Prototypes : - Binary Cycle System Power Generator 2 kW

- Fracture Detector Unit (Resource Survey Tools)

3.5.1 Geothermal

Lahendong Geothermal Field

Pilot Plant of Binary Cycle Power Plant 2.5 MWAt Lahendong, North Sulawesi


3.5.2 SOLAR ENERGYSolar Energy Electrical Power Generation

Using PV ( direct energy generation )Located at BPPT Parking Lot Building

at Parang Racuk Energy Park , DIY

Using Thermal methods ( Indirect Energy generation )through solar heat collectorat Parang Racuk Energy Park , DIY


3.5.3 Wind Energy

● This wind mill was developed for low wind speed input 3 - 5 m/s and can be operated in main land area

● For the next three years BPPT will investigate various type of wind mill for higher wind speed input , up to and above 7m/s . These will be based on :

● Wind energy : BPPT has developed 4.5 m diameterWind Turbine , 3 bladed horisontal axis , for 2.5 kW output using full composite materials

Off shore fixed based

Off shore floating based

Airborne based


3.5.4 Coastal Wave Energy

The following simulation shows the working principle of wave energy generator using OWC method Fixed Based as well as floating based

Air chamber

Electrical Generator

2 way air turbine

Coastal wave Oscillating

water column

2 way air stream

Wave Oscillating water column air stream 2 way air turbine electrical generator

BPPT – OWC generator in Parang Racuk , DIY

Coastal Wave Energy electrical generation using Oscillating Water Column (OWC) has been developed at BPPT since 2003

SDJ / BPPT – ASTS /2007

Floating Based

Fixed Based


3.5.5 Ocean Current Energy Working principle of Ocean Current Energy generator with vertical axis.

Generator

Rotational axis

Turbine

Venturi Pipe

Detail design has been finished , this year a small scaled ptotoypewill be built for laboratory test , and next year a full scale prototype will be bulit and tested in the sea


THANK YOU

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