current status and challenges of urban ... - tsa-net.t3 north china municipal engineering design &...

1 North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute

Dr. Xingcan Zheng

Current Status and Challenges of Urban

Wastewater Treatment in China

North China Municipal Engineering

Design and Research Institute Ltd.

Asia Session of the 52nd JSWA Annual Technical

Conference on Sewerage, Tokyo, 29 July, 2015

http://www.cnwg.com.cn/http://www.cnwg.com.cn/

2

Main Content of the Presentation

1. Development of Urban Wastewater Treatment

2. Key Factors Affecting WWTP’s Performances

3. Typical Examples of Urban WWTPs and WRPs

North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute


1. Development of Urban Wastewater Treatment

Effluent Limits COD BOD5 SS NH3-N TP TN

GBJ 4 -73 100 60 500

GB 8978 - 88 120 30 30

GB 8978

- 1996

Class II 120 30 30 15 1.0

Class I 60 20 20 15 0.5

GB18918

- 2002

Class II 100 30 30 25 3.0

Class IB 60 20 20 8(15) 1.0 20

Class IA 50 10 10 5(8) 0.5 15

Future ? 20 3 3 1 0.1 5

Unit: mg/LEffluent Discharge Standard of Urban WWTPs


22.1

78.7

147.0

481

1205

3503

0.0

25.0

50.0

75.0

100.0

125.0

150.0

175.0

200.0

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

Cap

aci

ty (

mil

lion

t/d

)

Am

ou

nt

0f

Wast

ew

ate

r T

reatm

en

t

Pla

nts

(W

WT

Ps)

year

Capacity

WWTPs

NMSUWT started in 2007

157 million m3/d

3781

Rapid Growth of Urban WWTPs in Mainland China


Year WWTPsTotal capacity

(million m3/day)

1978 37 0.64

1990 87 3.17

2000 402 17.67

2005 792 57.25

2010 2624 122.13

2015 5000 170.00

2020 10000 200.00

Trend of Urban WWTP’s Development


WWTPs Need to Be Upgraded to Higher Standards

Total capacity divided by effluent discharge standards

Third

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

一级A 一级B 二级三级其他

排放标准

污水处理规模（万m3

/d）

2007年度

2011年度

2013年度

ⅠA ⅠB Ⅱ Ⅲ

Upgrading to higher standard

Cap

acit

y (

1000

0m3 /

day

)

others


WWTPs Need to Be Upgraded to Higher Standard

Number of WWTPs divided by effluent discharge standards

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

一级A 一级B 二级三级其他

排放标准

污水

厂数

量（

座）

2007年度

2011年度

2013年度

Ⅱ

ⅠA

ⅠB

Ⅲ

Upgrading to higher standard

Nu

mb

er

of

WW

TP

s


Processes for Meeting the Discharge Standards

Class II Discharge Limits

Organic matter → biological treat (AS or BF)

Class IB Discharge Limits

Organic & nutrient → BNR systems

Class IA Discharge Limits

Reclaimed water or sensitive regions (lakes)

→ EBNR＋advanced treatments

More stringent limits for specific situations

High quality reclaimed water

Highly sensitive regions

Special requirement

MF/UF & RO

Strict N & P control

Chemical oxidation


Process Selection for Biological Nutrient Removal

Modified A2/O Process for improving the N & P removal

Excess sludge

Return sludge

Influent Mixed liquor recycling

ClarifierEffluen

t

Anoxic/

Pre-denit.Anaerobic Anoxic

Oxic Zone

（nitrification）

Carbon source addition Chemical addition

* Process Design for Tai’an WWTP in 1988


Process Selection for Biological Nutrient Removal

EBNR process for meeting new effluent limits IAplus

Effluent

Excess

SludgeReturn Sludge

Influent splitting Mix liquor

Recycling

ClarifierPre-Den.

An Ax Oxic Ax Oxic

Carbon source addition

Raw

wastewater

Fermenting

clarifier

Inorganic

& Sludge

Chemical

addition

Carbon source addition


2. Key Factors Affecting WWTP’s Performances

Fluctuation of influent quality & flow-rate

Wide distributions & variations

Change with regions, locations and time

Low BOD5/TN ratio

Degradation in septic tank and sewerage

Biological pretreatment of industrial effluent

High SS/BOD5 ratio →inorganic fraction

Combined sewer system & urban runoff

Low temperature and industrial inhibitors

Regions with low water temperature

Difficulty of industrial effluent control


Wastewater Differences with Location and Time

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700北京

天津

河北

山西

内蒙古

辽宁

吉林

黑龙江

上海

江苏

浙江

安徽

福建

江西

山东

河南

湖北

湖南

广东

广西

海南

重庆

四川

贵州

云南

陕西

甘肃

青海

宁夏

新疆

新疆兵团

进水

COD浓

度（

mg/L

）

Wastewater COD Concentration by Regions


Wastewater Differences with Location and Time

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

甘肃

新疆

天津

北京

河北

内蒙古

陕西

山西

黑龙江

宁夏

河南

湖北

新疆

兵团

山东

重庆

云南

浙江

上海

辽宁

吉林

四川

江苏

安徽

福建

广西

海南

贵州

湖南

江西

广东

青海

Infl

uent

TN

（mg

/L）

Wastewater TN Concentration by Regions


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

进水SS/BOD5比值

占污

水处理

厂总

数百分

比（％

）

合流制系统

分流制系统

Key Factors Affecting WWTPs Performances

High SS/BOD5 ratio Percentage to total WWTPs

Influent SS/BOD5 ratio



Influent SS/BOD5 ratio of Wuxi Lucun WWTP

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.01

2-2

6

1-1

0

1-2

5

2-9

2-2

4

3-1

1

3-2

6

4-1

0

4-2

5

5-1

0

5-2

5

6-9

6-2

4

7-9

7-2

4

8-8

8-2

3

9-7

9-2

2

10

-7

10

-22

11

-6

11

-21

12

-6

12

-21

日期

进水

SS

/BO

D5比值

Infl

uen

t S

S/B

OD

5R

ati

o

Date

Typical MLVSS/MLSS: 0.3-0.5


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

进水BOD5/TN比值

占污

水处

理厂

总数

比例

（％

）


Low BOD5/TN ratio of WWTP’s influent

Perc

en

tag

e t

o t

ota

l W

WT

Ps

Influent BOD5/TN ratio

17

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1

Was

tew

ater

tem

per

ature（℃）

Month

North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute

Influent and Effluent NH3-N (Average)

Influent

Effluent

Removal rate

Winter

Winter

Winter


3. Examples of Urban WWTPs and WRPs


1980s: Tianjin Jizhuangzi WWTP

First large-scale WWTP (AS)

Started operation in 1984

Capacity: 260,000 m3/day

Extended to 540,000 m3/day BNR in 2000

WRP

First Phase


1980s

Development of Tianjin Jizhuangzi WWTP

2000s2010s


Tianjin Jizhuangzi Water Reclamation Plant

Chemical Treatment Micro-filtration in 2002

RO system in 2010sSubmersible micro-filtration

Started to operation in 2002


Upgrading from SF to SMF systems

Membrane systemSand filter

SMF


1990s: Qingdao Licunhe WWTP

First phase: 80,000m3/day (1998)

Second phase 90,000 m3/day (2008)


Qingdao Licunhe WWTP

Influent : BOD5 488; TSS 558; TN 87; TP 7.0 (mg/L)

Designed in 1994; started operation in 1998

Pre-denitrification

for return AS

Denitrification

Anaerobic Zone Oxic Zone

170,000m3/day


Typical Operation Modes

VIP process

Modified A2/O process

+ IFAX in year 2010

Qingdao Licunhe WWTP

Third Phase: 80,000m3/day under design

Total capacity: 250,000m3/day


Late 2000s: Upgrading of Wuxi Lucun WWTP

Conventional AS(1992)

A2/O process (1998)

Modified A2/O+IFAS (2008)


Wuxi Lucun WWTP, Jiangsu

High SS/BOD5Low BOD5/TN

Low Temperature

Upgrade to Class ⅠA


Process Upgrading of Lucun WWTP

Treatment Process selection

PrimaryTreatment

Screens: replacement, new fine screens

Pumping station; sand & grid removal

Primary clarifiers: equipment renewal, odor control, fermentation function

BiologicalTreatment

Modified A2/O system IFAS system for nitrification Carbon source and metal salt addition

Denitrification filters

AdvancedTreatment

Mechanical and Membrane filtration

Chlorine dioxide ; UV disinfection


Primary Fermentation Clarifier System

Fermentation Clarifier


Process for Biological Nutrient Removal

Modified A2/O Process

Excess sludgeReturn sludge

Influent Mixed liquor recycling

ClarifierEffluen

t

Anoxic/

Pre-denit.Anaerobic Anoxic

Oxic Zone

（nitrification）


厌氧段

缺氧段

好氧段的填料区

好氧段的非填料区

回流污泥反硝化段

厌氧段

缺氧段

好氧段的填料区

好氧段的非填料区

回流污泥反硝化段

Upgrading of Lucun WWTP, Wuxi City

Layout of biological treatment process

Oxic Zone(low aeration)

IFAS system

Pre-denit.

Oxic or

Anoxic

Anoxic Zone Anaerobic

Return

SludgeInfluent splittingHRT: 0.5/0.5/4.6/4.6hour



IFAS system to improve the nitrification

Biofilm carriersIFAS system

Steel Sieve



Dosing systems for chemical

& carbon source

Mechanical filtration system


Qingdao Tuandao WWTP

100,000m3/day

Operation in 1999

Strong wastewater

TN: 50–120 mg/L



Modified A2/O System



IFAS for enhancement of total nitrogen removal


Upgrading of Chengbei WWTP, Wuxi City

MBR

OD

OD

Wetland

OD


2010s: Tianjin Jinnan WWTP

Design Capacity:

First stage 550,000m3/day

EBNR

Water reuse

Phosphorus recovery

Annammox

Sludge digestion

Green design


System Intergrading in Tianjin Jinnan WWTP

Five-stage Bardenpho550,000m3/d

Anaerobic digestion (10%solid)160DT/d

SystemIntergrading

Sludge

Phosphorus

recovery

Annammox

Dewatered Sludge

drying using biogas

Biogas purification

B-LNG

Side-stream2000m3/day

CO2 removal

Class ⅠAReclaimed

UF/RO

Hot water

SteamHot water

Boiler

Side-stream

Dried sludge

Struvite

40

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