cuo nano fluid as coolant

Enhancement of cooling effect of an automobile system using Nano fluid-(CuO) in radiator 1

IPCOWALA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by, Shah Deep (121010102011) Chauhan Rahul (121010102033) Mominsuthar Sahirmohmad

(121010102044) Parmar Jayveersinh (121010102048)

Enhancement of cooling effect of an automobile system using Nano fluid-(CuO) in radiator

Guided By,Riteshkumar Ranjan


OUTLINE History of the cooling system Need of cooling system Now days used cooling system Introduction of the Nano Fluid Concept Of Nano Fluid Literature Review Properties of Nano Fluid Production Work plan


INTRODUCTION The temperature of the gases in a reciprocating I.C.

engines varies from 40°C to 2500°C during the cycle.

If the engine is not cooled, then the cylinder and piston temperatures may exceed to 1500°C.

At such high temperature, the metals will loose their properties and expansion of piston will be considerable and seize the liner.

The lubrication of the engine will be badly affected if the engine cylinder temperature exceed 80°C because the lubricating oil will start evaporating and piston and cylinder will be badly damaged.

Therefor, it is essential to maintain the temperature of engine parts below some limit by cooling.


NEEDS OF COOLING SYSTEM The high temperature reduces the strength of piston and

piston rings and uneven expansion of cylinder and piston may cause the seizure of the piston.

The high temperature may cause the decomposition of the lubricating oil and lubrication between the cylinder wall and piston may breakdown resulting in a scuffing of the piston.

If the temperature around the valve exceeds 250°C, the overheating of the valve because the scuff of the valve guides due to the lubrication breakdown.

The tendency of the detonation increases with an increase in the temperature of the cylinder body.

The pre-ignition of the charge is possible in spark ignition engine if the ignition parts initially are at high temperature.


TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEMAir cooling systemLiquid cooling system

Waterless cooling system Water cooling system

• Thermo-syphon cooling system (Natural cooling system)

• Forced circulating cooling system• Cooling system using thermostatic valve• Evaporative cooling system


AIR COOLING SYSTEM In this system air is used as a

cooling medium and it is used for small capacity engine. The heat transfer co-efficient of air is very low so that it can only used in low capacity engines. By attaching fins to the outside the engine, the surface contact area of the engine is increase so that heat transfer rate is increased. The use of fins increases the heat transfer surface by 5 to 10 times of its original value.


WATER COOLING SYSTEM In water cooling system,

water is the heat transfer medium. The heat carrying capacity of the water is higher compare to the air. In high capacity engine or in multi-cylinder engine water cooling system is used. For increasing the cooling effect in various condition, additives have been added in the water, i.e. antifreeze solution, corrosion inhibitors (Sodium Benzoate), antifoam additives, dyes etc.


COMPONENTS IN WATER COOLING SYSTEM Radiator Fan Water Pump Cooling Pipes Upper hose pipe Lower hose pipe Pressure Cap Thermostat


WATERLESS COOLING SYSTEM A proprietary blend, Soluble additives, No

Water Boiling Point: 190°C Pour Point: -40°C Lifetime Coolant if they do not become

contaminated with water. Reduced Toxicity Improve fuel economy Offers environmental Advantages


COOLING WITH THE HELP OF NANO-FLUID

Copper Oxide (CuO)


INTRODUCTION

Nano fluid is a fluid containing nanometer sized particles, called nanoparticles.

These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid.

The nanoparticles used in Nano fluids are typically made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes.

Common base fluids include water and ethylene glycol.


INTRODUCTION

Nano fluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in heat transfer including microelectronics, fuel cells, pharmaceutical processes, and hybrid-powered engines.

They exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and the convective heat transfer coefficient compared to the base fluid.


DEVELOPMENT AND CONCEPT OF NANO FLUID It is well known that at room temperature, metallic solids

possess an order-of-magnitude higher thermal conductivity than fluids.

The thermal conductivity of copper at room temperature is about 700 times greater than that of water and about 3000 times greater than that of engine oil.

Therefore, the thermal conductivities of fluids containing suspended solid metallic or on-metallic (metallic oxide) particles would be expected to be significantly higher than those of conventional heat transfer fluids.


DEVELOPMENT AND CONCEPT OF NANO FLUID The main problems of using such suspensions are

the rapid setting of particles, clogging of flow channels and increased pressure drop in the fluid.

In contrast, nanoparticles due to their high surface to volume ratio can remain in suspension and thereby reduce erosion and clogging.


WHY USE NANOPARTICLES?

The basic concept of dispersing solid particles in fluids to enhance thermal conductivity can be traced back to Maxwell in the 19th Century.

Studies of thermal conductivity of suspensions have been confined to mm - or mm - sized particles.

The major challenge is the rapid settling of these particles in fluids.


WHY USE NANOPARTICLES?

Nanoparticles stay suspended much longer than micro-particles and, if below a threshold level and/or enhanced with surfactants/stabilizers, remain in suspension almost indefinitely.

Furthermore, the surface area per unit volume of nanoparticles is much larger than that of micro particles.

These properties can be utilized to develop stable suspensions with enhanced flow, heat-transfer, and other characteristics.


LITERATURE REVIEW


Author Definition Abstract Conclusion

Ankush D.Tharkar, Shailendra M.Lawankar

Nano Fluid a coolant for air finned heat exchanger: The Review

Nano fluids are differentiated as metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles according to material type since different nanoparticles need their own stability method. various nanoparticle types with different base fluids are invented and they are studied. The main aim of this review paper is to summarize the use of modified coolant for heat exchanger by using Nano fluid along with their properties.

From literature survey it is observed that these fluids offer higher thermal conductivity compared to that of conventional coolants like ethyl glycol. Some of the Nano fluid copper oxide, Iron Oxide, Aluminum Nitride are explain with different preparation method. Various way of calculating properties of the fluid are also mentioned in this review. Therefore, further research investigations are needed to comprehensively understand the stability of Nano fluids before evolving new energy efficient heat transfer fluids specific to applications


Author Definition Abstract Conclusion

Mostafa Jalal, Hossein Meisami and Mohammad Pouyagohar

Experimental Study of CuO/Water Nano fluid Effect on Convective Heat Transfer of a Heat Sink

Different parameters affecting the heat transfer characteristics were investigated so that theinfluence of each parameter can be determined. Three volumetric fractions of nanoparticles as = 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5 vlo% were used to prepare the Nano fluid for the experiment. The Reynolds number varied from 400 to 2000, the convective heat transfer coefficients were determined. The results gained in the study showed that dispersion of CuO nanoparticles in water significantly increased the overall heat transfer coefficient while thermal resistance of heat sink decreased.

• CuO nanoparticles dispersed into the water increased heat transfer coefficient of the heat sink significantly. This outperformance can be mainly attributed to higher thermal conductivity of the Nano fluids and Brownian motion of particles.

• Amount of augmentation in heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing particle concentrations and the amount of heat transfer enhancement did decrease at higher Reynolds numbers.


Author Definition Abstract ConclusionParashurama M S, Dr. Dhananjaya D A, Naveena Kumar R R

Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in a Radiator using Nano fluid

This study attempts to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an automobile radiator using water combination based CuO Nano fluids as coolants. Thermal performance of an automobile radiator operated with Nano fluids is compared with a radiator using conventional coolants.

The heat transfer rate for CuO-water Nano fluid at volume fraction 10% was studied. The results indicate that the overall heat transfer coefficient of Nano fluid is greater than that of water alone and therefore the total heat transfer area of the radiator can be reduced. However, the considerable increase in associated pumping power may impose some limitations on the efficient use of this type of Nano fluid in automotive diesel engine radiators.


DIFFERENT NANO FLUIDS

Copper Oxide (CuO) Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Zirconia (ZrO2) Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) Silicon Oxide (SiO2)


THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

Material Form Thermal conductivity (W/m

K)Carbon Nanotubes

DiamondsGraphite

Fullerenes film

1800-66002300

110-1900.4

Metallic Solids (Pure) SilverCopperNickel

429401237

Non-Metallic Solids Silicon 148

Metallic Liquids Aluminum Sodium at 644 K

4072.3


THERMAL AND PHYSICAL PROPOERTIES OF NANO PARTICLES AND BASE FLUID

Sr. No Property Copper Oxide Water1. Thermal

Conductivity (W/mK)

400 0.605

2. Density (kg/m3) 8933 997.13. Specific Heat

(J/kgK)385 4195

4. Dynamic Viscosity

- 0.001003


PROPERTIESChemical Formula: CuOMolar Mass: 79.454 g/molForm: PowderColor: Black to Brown-BlackMelting Point: 1326°CBoiling Point: 2000°CDensity: 6.315 g/cm3Material to be avoided: Oxidizing agents, AcidsSolubility: Insoluble in Water, Alcohol, Ammonium Hydroxide, Ammonium Carbonate

Soluble in Ammonium Chloride, Potassium Cyanide, ethyl GlycolFlash Point: Non-flammableCrystal Structure: Monoclinic


PRODUCTION

Copper oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized using the aqueous precipitation method. In this method, copper and nitric acid is used as a precursor and sodium hydroxide as a stabilizing agent.

Single phase monoclinic structure of the copper oxide nanoparticles is revealed using X-ray diffraction. The rectangular morphology of the copper oxide nanoparticles is revealed using the scanning electron microscopy.


ADVANTAGES High dispersion stability with predominant Brownian

motion of particles Reduced particle clogging as compared to

convention slurries, thus promoting system miniaturization

Reduced pumping power as compared to pure liquid to achieve equivalent heat transfer intensification

Adjustable properties, including thermal conductivity and surface wet-ability, by varying particle concentrations to suit different applications

High specific surface area and therefore more heat transfer surface between particles and fluids

Low Cost compared to EG base fluid


WORK PLAN


LITERATURE “Nano Fluid a coolant for air finned heat exchanger: The

Review” by Ankush D.Tharkar, Shailendra M.Lawankar “Experimental Study of CuO/Water Nanofluid Effect on

Convective Heat Transfer of a Heat Sink” by Mostafa Jalal, Hossein Meisami and Mohammad Pouyagohar

“IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF NANO COOLANTS” by Ankit Jain, Devender Pratap, Satyapal Yadav

“Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in a Radiator using Nanofluid” by Parashurama M S, Dr. Dhananjaya D A, Naveena Kumar R R

“Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Rate In Automobile Radiator Using Nanofluid” by Ravi Adwani, Shri Krishna Choudhary

“A Review on applications and challenges of Nano-fluids as coolant in Automobile Radiator” by Rahul A. Bhogare, B. S. Kothawale


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cuo nano fluid as coolant

Engineering