Culture

Language Literature

MusicArt

BeliefsReligion

TechnologyMaterial objects

Way of life

Lomo Saltado - Peru

• Customs–How they dress

–Foods they eat

–Holidays and great turning points in life

Poi-Hawaii

Aspects of Culture

• Family Structure–How many generations live together–How family decisions are made

• Setting–Rural – Small villages, mostly agriculture and

small crafts–Urban – More modern, generally crowded,

greater access to education, health care, & technology–Movement from rural to urban can cause

those with few skills to live in slums

• Social Structure– Social class – similar wealth, power, &

prestige–Most societies have the following:

• Upper class– Earn or inherit wealth–Own large % of property–Often serve in ldrship roles

• Middle class– Educated & mostly successful people–Managers, professionals, small business

owners

• Working class– Manual workers– Factories– Mining– Transportation– Craftsmen

• Peasants–Farm workers–Subsistence farmers–Little education–Limited experience

outside their home areas

• Lower class–Often uneducated and unskilled–Least desirable, worst-paying jobs–Often face prejudice and other social

handicaps

• Social mobility–How easily society allows you to move

from one class to another–Some societies allow easy change

according to ability or opportunity–Some societies allow no opportunity or

movement

Family Structure & Gender Roles

• Some societies lock men and women into specific roles in the home and in the world.

• Most modern societies give both equal rights.• Men still tend to have the top jobs in business and govt.• Some religions severely limit women’s rights to an education, style of cloth- ing, to vote, or express themselves

Multicultural societies

• Homogeneous – almost all one ethnicity & culture

• Heterogeneous - mix of ethnicities & cultures• Minority problems–Prejudice–Discrimination & exclusion– Expulsion & genocide

MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS

Hinduism

• Polytheistic – belief in many gods• Reincarnation – soul is reborn• Karma – next life depends on how you

live this life• Castes – social class you are born into;

cannot change caste• Sacred object – cow; do not eat beef• Most popular in India

Om symbol

Buddhism

• Follows teachings of Buddha• Selfish desires are the source of all

human suffering• Eightfold Path – give up wealth, act

worthily, live righteously, respect all living things

• Nirvana – final reincarnation & eternal bliss• Most popular in Tibet, Japan, Thailand, &

China

Judaism

• 1st to teach monotheism – one God - Yahweh

• Old Testament – history & teachings of the Jewish people – Books of Moses are their Torah (holy book)

• Ten Commandments – moral code for living justly

• 80% of Jews found In Israel & U.S.

Christianity

• Jesus, founder of religion, is son of God (Jehovah), sent to save humankind

• Rose from the dead to go to Heaven• Man can be saved through combination of

faith & works• Includes Catholics, Protestants, & eastern

Orthodox

• Main region in Eur. & the Americas, but found also in Afr. & Asia

• World’s most popular religion• Bible is the primary holy book

Islam

• Founded by Mohammed around 600 A.D.• Belief in one God, Allah• Koran (or Qu’ran) is their holy book• Popular in Middle East, South Asia, & SE Asia

• 5 Pillars of Faith–No other God than Allah–Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca (holiest

city)–Give to the poor– Fast during holy month of Ramadan–Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca at least once in

life

Sikhism

• Combines Hinduism & Islam• Believe in reincarnation but no castes• Belief in one God• Men not allowed to cut their hair• Mostly found in Northern India

• Islam, Judaism, & Christianity are closely tied together by – the belief in the same God, – some common history,–Belief in Jerusalem as a Holy City that

should and has been fought for

• www.youtube.com%2fwatch%3fv%3d7BZ8czTdVD4