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LightingBest Practice Northern Ireland

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Technology guide

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3Lighting

Types of lighting

Colour appearance andcolour rendering

Colour appearance (g.1) denes a lights

whiteness, which can be bluish (cool), white or

reddish (warm). This is measured in degrees

Kelvin (K). A colour appearance of less than

3,500K is warm white, a colour appearance of

3,500K is mid-white, and a colour appearance

above 3,500K is cooler white.

Colour rendering (g. 2) is the ability of a light

source to give good colour representation

of the colour it is illuminating. This is measured

on a scale of Ra0-100 with Ra100 the best

representation. Daylight would be Ra100.

Below Ra80 the human eye does not

differentiate the different hues well.

Fig. 2 Colour rendering

(a) Low pressure sodium (SOX) Ra~5, (b) Daylight Ra100

Fig. 1 Colour appearance of various

light sources

North Light/Blue Sky

8,500

Overcast Sky

6,500 7,500

Summer Sunlight

5,500

Metal Halide Lamp

Tungsten Halogen

Lamp

50W Tungsten

Lamp

40W Lamp

Candle

High Pressure Sodium

Compact Fluorescent

Lamp

Full Spectrum

Intermediate Fluorescent Tube

Warm Fluorescent Tube

Sodium Street Lamp

Cool Fluorescent Tube

9,000

8,000

8,500

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

7,500

6,500

5,500

4,500

3,500

2,500

1,500HELP
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4Lighting

Fig. 3 Summer daylight (Ra100), which has a

cool appearance (5,500K) on white walls and

shows the red ceramics in their true colour.

Fig. 4 Tungsten light and tungsten halogen(Ra100), which has a warm appearance and

shows the white walls as warm white (2,600K)

and accentuates the red on the ceramics.

Fig. 5 Standard single phosphor uorescent light

(Ra58), which has a cool appearance (6,000K) on

white walls and reduces the colour rendering on

the ceramics.

Comparing types of light

The charts overleaf compares the colour

appearance and colour rendering of different

lamps. It also shows the lumen efcacy (theamount of light provided for each watt of power

used), and the lifespan. This last feature shows

the number of hours when the lamp fails

completely or when tubes and discharge lamps

degrade and fall to 80% of their original level.

Theres no accepted standard or regulation for

dening the lifespan of LEDs yet, so as a guide

Fig. 5 Standard single phosphor uorescent

light (Ra58)

Fig. 4 Tungsten light and tungsten halogen

(Ra100)

an LED should provide 70% of the

initial lumens at 35,000 hours. The maximum life

of an electronic driver, which operates the LED is

50,000.

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5Lighting

Lamp type Luminous

efcacy

(Lumens/

Watt)

Colour

appearance

(Kelvin)

Colour

rendering

(Ra)

Life

(Hours)

Tungsten 12 2600 100 1000

Tungsten Halogen 8.75

5.25

18 20

2500

2500

3000

100

100

100

6000

16000

2000 8000

Compact Fluorescent (2) 47 82 2700 4000 85 8000+

38mm T12 White F/Tube (1) 36 71 3500 59 7000+

25mm T8 White F/Tube (1) 37 68 3500 58 8000+

25mm T8 White F/Tube (2) 55 80 3500 58 8000+

25mm T8 Full spectrum multiphosphor (2) 64 5000 95 17500

25mm T8 H/F Triphosphor (2) 71 92 2700 6000 80+ 12000 24000

25mm T8 H/F Triphosphor Extreme (2) 71 3000 4000 80+ 40000

60000

25mm T8 H/F Triphosphor (2) 57 82 2700 6000 90+ 12000+

16mm T5 H/F Triphosphor (HE) (2) 66 82 2700 6500 80+ 16000+

16mm T5 H/F Triphosphor (H0) (2) 62 76 2700 6500 80+ 16000+

7mm T2 H/F Triphosphor (2) 55 3500 6000 85 8000 12000

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6Lighting

Lamp type Luminous

efcacy

(Lumens/

Watt)

Colour

appearance

(Kelvin)

Colour

rendering

(Ra)

Life

(Hours)

Metal Halide (1) 71 83 3000 6000 65 85 8000 20000

Metal Halide (2) 86 95 3000 6000 65 85 8000 20000

Mercury (1) 31 57 3900 4200 36 49 12000+

Mercury Deluxe (1) 31 57 3300 3500 47 58 12000+

Low Pressure Sodium/E (2) 148 173 1800 0 12000

High Pressure Sodium (1) 65 103 2000 25 12000

30000

High Pressure Sodium D/L (1) 78 85 2200 65 12000

White Sodium (2) 31 46 2500 80 8000+

Induction (2) 62 70 2700 4000 85 10000

60000

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) (2) 50/100 Saturated

/3- 6000

70/80 50/100000

1 Operated on standard electromagnetic control gear2 Operated on electronic high frequency control gear

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7Lighting

Recommended light levels

This chart sets out the recommended light levels

for a range of activities, as provided by Chartered

Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE).

Standard Maintained illuminance (lux)

50 Cable tunnels, indoor storage tanks, walkways

100 Corridors, changing rooms, bulk stores, auditoria

150 Loading bays, medical stores, plant rooms

200 Foyers and entrances, monitoring automatic processes, casting concrete, turbine halls, dining

rooms

300

300-500

Libraries, sports and assembly halls, teaching spaces, lecture theatres, packing

Ofces

500 Engine assembly, painting and spraying, kitchens, laboratories, shops

750 Drawing ofces, ceramic decoration, meat inspection, chain stores

1000 General inspection, electronic assembly, gauge and tool rooms, retouching paintwork, cabinet

making, supermarkets

1500 Fine work and inspection, hand tailoring, precision assembly

2000 Assembly of minute mechanisms, nished fabric inspection

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8Lighting

Lighting in the hospitality sector

Lighting in this sector accounts for nearly a third of a companys electricity costs. By switchingto energy efficient, effective lighting either using new bulbs or lamps in existing fittings or

changing to new light sources its possible to save up to 70% of the energy.

The rst consideration is whether you can get the

same level of lighting (or better) using new bulbs

or tubes, or whether youll need to change ttings.

In some settings, there are statutory standards for

the level of illumination you need to provide.

Many areas in hotels use standard tungsten

lament bulbs. New legislation means these wont

be available within the next few years (see g. 7),

so youll need to nd replacements. Most will

change over to compact uorescent lights with

integrated electronics (CFLi) or tungsten halogen

globe or candle shaped lamps. Cheaper LED globe

or candle shaped lamps may become available too.

At the moment, CFLi are available in dimmable

models and a range of shapes, and tungsten

halogen lamps are dimmable as standard.

Some, but not all LED models can be dimmed.

See appendix 1 for more detail.

Fig. 7 The EU ban on incandescent lamps

Examples and solutions

1. Hat problms sig tgst lamps

An immediate advantage is that the CFLi (15,000

hours) and LED (50,000 hours) replacements for

tungsten lamps (1,000 hours) work at a lower

temperature, so are less likely to burn fabric

shades. See g. 8.

The EU ban on incandescent lamps:

2009

Ban on sales

fromSeptember 1

2010

Ban on salesfrom

September 12011

Ban on salesfromSeptember 1 2012

Ban on salesfromSeptember 1

GLSincandescentlamps

(950 Im) and allfrosted GLSincandescentlamps*

from 80W


(725 Im)

from 65W


(450 Im)

from45W


(60 Im)

from 7W

Fig. 8

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9Lighting

Fig. 9 Examples of dimming and non-

dimming compact uorescent lamps (CFLi).

Refer to Appendix 1 for further lamp detail.Energy Equation Refer to Chart in Appendix 2.

Another option is to replace the existing 60W

(1,000 hours) tungsten lamp with a 6W LED.

The table lamp in the foreground is 6W LED;

the others are 60W tungsten. See g. 10.

Fig. 10


2. Rplacig stadard tgst cadl or

glob tgst lamps (1,000 hors) with

dimmabl tgst halog lamps

Sometimes CFLi lamps might not be suitable

because of their appearance. You can still save

30% of the energy by using tungsten halogen IRC

(2,000 hours) lamps. See g. 11.

3. Ifcit T12 orsct tbs

You can save between 30% and 49% in energy

use by replacing the old technology of T8 and T12

uorescent tubes, operated by electromagnetic

ballasts, with new T5 or T8 uorescent tubes,

operated by electronic high-frequency ballasts.

The added benets are an instant start and no

ickering. When the tubes have reached the end

of their life, they simply go out no more of that

irritating ashing. See g. 12.

You can also adapt old ttings to take the new

tubes using a T5 electronic adaptor (g. 12). These

are best suited for 600mm, 1.2m and 1.5m tubes.

Fig. 11


Fig. 12 Inefcient uorescent tubes

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10Lighting

4. Rplacig 20W MR16 50mm low voltag

dichroic (2,000 hors) lamps with 3.6W

LeDs (35-50,000 hors) i bdrooms

You can get the same lighting effect for less energy

and with easier maintenance by changing low

voltage tungsten halogen lamps for LEDs. See gs

13 and 13a.

Fig. 1320W MR16

Fig. 13a 3.6W LED

Refer to Appendix 1 for further lamp detail.Energy Equation Refer to Chart in Appendix 2

5. Rplacig Gu10 tgst halog dichroic

lamps (1,500 hors) with 4W LeDs

(35/50,000 hors) i bdroom lobbis

6. Rplacig 50W MR16 low voltag dichroic

lamps with 5W LeDs i corridors

Its a good idea to test LED lamps because their

colour, rendering and lifespans differ. Take lighting

levels to make sure they reach the required

standard of an average of 100 lux. In gs 14 and

14a, well-chosen LEDs give good lighting while

cutting costs.

Fig. 14a 4W LED

Fig. 14 20W GU10

Fig. 15 50W MR16 Fig. 15a5W LED

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11Lighting

Choosing LEDs for colour,lifespan and brightness

When youre choosing LEDs, you need to

remember that they differ even though thewattage may be the same. They come with

different colour appearance, colour rendering and

lifespan. See g. 16 A good quality LED light

should give 70% of the initial light output after

35,000 hours.

Fig.16 shows two 4W LED lamps. The one on the

left has a colour appearance of 3,000K and a

colour rendering index of Ra80. The one on the

right has a colour appearance of 4,500K and acolour rendering index of Ra60. The warmer LED

lamp in this scenario gives a preferable lighting

effect as well as providing more light.

Fig. 16 4W LED lamps

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12Lighting

Lighting in the industrial sector

Improvements include re-evaluating the light levels

needed, changing the types of lamp, positioning

ttings for easier maintenance and making lighting

more controllable using daylight or movement

sensors. All these measures many of them very

simple can reduce operating costs and save energy.

The case study illustrated in Figures 17 & 18

demonstrates the advantages. The 250W metal

halide lamps (16,000 hours) are mounted at roof

level, which makes them difcult and costly to

maintain. This type of tting needs to warm up

when rst switched on, and to cool down before

they can relight after the power supply is

interrupted. This delay means the introduction of

daylight or occupancy controls is often impractical.

The Carbon Trust re-evaluated this area and found

that lighting levels could be maintained by lowering

the height and installing lower wattage lamps. The

new lamps are longer lasting and, because they

turn on instantly, can be linked to daylight sensors.

Each light was replaced with prismatic reector

lights with 165W inductive lamps (g. 15), which

have a 60,000-hour life.

Fig. 17 These 250W metal halide lamps are

mounted high up and are difcult to maintain.

Theyre not suitable for automatic switching onand off using a daylight sensor because they

have a start-up delay.

Fig. 18 The height wasnt actually important

there were no cranes to pass under them, for

example so lights could be tted at lower level,

making maintenance easier. Lower heights meant

the lamps could be replaced for more efcient

types linked to daylight sensors.

Fig 18

Energy Equation

250W mtal halid = 277W ach

165W idctiv = 165W ach

ergy savig = 112W (40%)

Fig 17

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13Lighting

Evaluating your lighting

Large open-plan areas are the norm in production

areas and can seem a challenge when it comes to

lighting. Follow these simple steps to work outwhere you could save.

1. What level of lighting do you really need?

If you have task lighting in some areas of an open

plan space, you may nd you can reduce general

lighting from between 300 -500 lux to 100-150 lux,

which is the standard for circulation areas.

2. Are all areas occupied?

If some areas arent occupied for some of the

time, you can zone your lighting, using manual

or automatic switching.

3. Are you making the most of daylight?

If theres daylight in some areas, you can link

dimmable lighting to a photocell control or constant

lux sensor. When natural light levels are high enough,

your lights will automatically dim to a pre-set level.

Distribution and controls

When a light shines very widely and there are no

existing lighting controls, you have immediate

scope to save energy without losing brightness.

In the factory in g. 19, the high bay lights used

400W metal halide white lamps (430 circuit watts)

providing 75 lumens per watt. These were

replaced with four-lamp 55W PLL compact

uorescent lamps (222 circuit watts) providing

86 lumens per watt. The narrower beam gave

the same level of illumination.

The PLL compact uorescent lamps can also be

dimmed when used with appropriate control gear.Programmable, integrated presence and daylight

sensors mean the factory can cut energy use

and costs by zoning areas and using daylight

when available.

Fig. 20

Energy Equation400W mtal halid = 430W ach

4 x 55W PPL CFL = 236W ach

ergy savig = 194W (45%)

Fig. 19 Steps one to three apply here

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14Lighting

Scope for energy savings

These four photographs show areas where

energy savings can be made using T5

or compact uorescent lighting, with eitherintegral or integrated daylight and presence

detection. The lighting here is metal halide

and standard T8 switch-start uorescent tubes.

The cost of replacing these would be recouped

in less than four years.

This controlled lighting system saves energy

by switching off the lighting when there is

enough daylight.

The benet of using a uorescent light source is

that they can be dimmed, therefore daylight and

presence sensors can be used to reduce the light

level to the required amount. By utilising integral

presence and daylight detection, further savings

are achievable as particular zones within the space

can be controlled accordingly.

These images show good examples of where

daylight sensors could be utilised, in common

installations, to incorporate the natural daylight

ingression providing energy savings from this

free valuable resource.

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15Lighting

Wasted light

In many settings, changes to the internal layout

or simply racking being moved can interfere

with the existing lighting. When you makechanges to the space, re-evaluate what

lighting levels you need.

a) Re-positioning the uorescent lights can

increase lighting levels. If higher light levels

arent needed, you can take a tube out of each

tting 50% energy savings1.

b) If changes mean lighting isnt needed any

more, check that its disconnected or removed

100% energy saving on each lamp.

c) The best way to light corridors is to t lights

parallel to the walls a 30% reduction in

energy for the required 100 lux level.

Use a lux meter to check that youre not over-

lighting any areas. Providing you stick to the

regulation levels, you can remove bulbs or tubes

if theyre not needed. This example is an over-lit

corridor. A tube could be removed from eachtting or every other tting could be disconnected.

1 Check with your electrician or original lighting supplier to

conrm performance of the tting or lighting circuit will not be

affected by the removal of a tube or disconnection of a tting.

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16Lighting

Case study

Montupet Factory

A factory with a larg oor ara of arod 51,000m2 had lightig datd from th 1970s. Thr

wr 2,300 twi T12 orsct tbs, ach 2.4m (8) log ad with a circit ratig of 229W.

Th total factory lightig dmad was 527kW.

By rplacig ths ot-datd tbs with modr twi 49W T5 orsct tbs with

triphosphor coatigs ad high-frqcy cotrol gar (circit ratig of 111W ach), lightig

lvls wr improvd for th workforc for lss tha half th powr dmad.

Th w lightig cost arod 110,000, bt rgy costs fll by mor tha 130,000 a yar,

so th payback priod was lss tha a yar. Th compay also savd 1,022t of CO2a yar.

Bfor Aftr

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17Lighting

Savings checklist

Done

1 Ar th color apparac ad color rdrig right for th applicatio?

2 Ar lightig lvls right?You can reduce the number of lights if an area is too bright, providing it meets regulation levels.

3 Ar lights i th right plac?Check lights arent blocked by racking or other structures. Consider lowering the height of ttings when replacing lamps.

4 Ar yo makig th most of cotrols?

Fit photocell sensors to switch off or dim lights when theres enough daylight. Fit presence detectors to zone areas that arent used all the time.Can any existing high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting be zoned or linked to daylight?

5 Ar yo still sig old T12 orsct lightig?Replace with T8 or T5 electronic high-frequency models. Evaluate the cost of replacing HID with T5 or compact uorescent lights with

integrated controls.

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18Lighting

Lighting in offices

To make ofce lighting efcient, effective and

energy-saving, there are four basics.

1. When lights needed, it should be used as

economically as possible.

2. The level and distribution of light should be

right for the task.

3. When lightings not needed, it should be

switched off.

4. The lights should need little maintenance.

Replacing inefcient uorescent tubes

Many ofces still use old T12 uorescent tubes.

These lamps work with electromagnetic ballasts,

which use between 10 and 14W of electricity foreach tube. These should be replaced with ttings

that take either T5 or T8 triphosphor uorescent

tubes or compact uorescent lamps with

electronic high-frequency ballasts.

The typical energy used by a four-way 20W

600mm x 600mm tting using T12 tubes (21),

uses 120W, whereas a twin 40W PLL compact

uorescent light (2) gives better light levels and

uses only 84W a 30% energy saving.

This twin 40W PLL compact uorescent recessed

light tting (22) complies with CIBSE LG7 and has

an integral presence detector, which automatically

switches the light off when the area isnt being used.

A photocell or constant lux sensor allows the light to

be dimmed or switched off if there is enough daylight.

Fig. 21

Fig. 22

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19Lighting

This example (Fig. 23) shows effective ofce

lighting that maximises energy efciency. The

twin T5s shine both up and down, avoiding the

tunnel effect of dark ceilings. The T5 lights are

suspended and are controlled by a daylight sensorand presence detector.

The twin surface-mounted lights (Fig. 24) use

inefcient T12s with electromagnetic ballasts.

There diffusers limit light output and they dont

comply with the CIBSE LG7 guide for ofce

lighting. Each uses 102W of electricity. Replacing

them with twin 28W T5s with approved diffusers

would save 40W an energy reduction of 40%.

The lights shown here (Fig. 25) have a low output

ratio (LOR). To get the right levels, this means

more lights have had to be installed. Instead,

fewer lights with higher output could be used,

saving up to 60%. There would be even higher

savings with presence sensors.

Simply using daylight (Fig. 26) could save you

4,500 hours of lighting a year. Photocells or

daylight sensors dim or switch off the lighting at a

pre-set level.

Fig. 23

Fig. 24

Fig. 25

Fig. 26

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20Lighting

Savings checklist

Done

1 Choos T5, T8 triphosphor or compact orsct lights with lctroic ballasts.

2 Choos lights with a high otpt ratio (LOR) of 65% or mor.

3 Fit daylight ad prsc dtctor cotrols to switch or dim lights atomatically.

4 Choos ttigs ad lamps that qalify for ehacd Capital Allowacs (eCA).

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21Lighting

Lighting in the leisure sector

Good lighting in sports and leisure buildings

should not only look attractive to users, it should

give just the right type and level of light for a range

of activities. And, of course, it should be effective,

energy efcient and need minimum maintenance.

Get these factors right, and combine electric

lighting with good use of daylight, and you can

dramatically reduce energy costs.

These examples (g. 27 and 28) show typical

lighting schemes. The lights are left on whenever

the building is open whether its being used or

not because theres a delay before the lights

reach full brightness.

Both use metal halide lamps in high bay ttings.

Although these are relatively efcient, using T5

tubes or compact uorescent lamps with the same

light output would mean presence detectors anddaylight switching or dimming could be used. A

250W metal halide high mount light uses 279W

(circuit watts), whereas a four x 55W compact

uorescent high mount light uses 222W (circuit

watts). This simple change gives an energy saving of

20%. Presence detectors could save another 30%.

This example (g. 29) is typical of a sports hall that

has some daylight. Using either T5 or compact

uorescent lamps with photocell or constant lux

sensors, the lights can be dimmed or switched off

when theres enough daylight to maintain a

pre-set level. This can save around 30% of theenergy.

Fig. 28

Fig. 29

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22Lighting

Savings checklist

Done

1 Ar th color apparac ad color rdrig right for th applicatio?

2 Ar lightig lvls right?You can reduce the number of lights if an area is too bright, providing it meets regulation levels.

3 Ar lights i th right plac?Check lamps arent blocked by racking or other structures. Consider lowering the height of ttings when replacing lamps.


Fit photocell sensors to switch off or dim lights when theres enough daylight. Fit presence detectors to zone areas that arent used all the time.Can any existing high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting be zoned or linked to daylight?

5 Ar yo still sig old T12 orsct lightig?Replace with T8 or T5 electronic high-frequency models. Evaluate the cost of replacing HID with T5 or compact uorescent lights with

integrated controls.

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23Lighting

Lighting in the retail sector

Shops and stores have a variety of different needs

for their lighting. Fashion and jewellers shops, for

example, need good general light levels but also

use a lot of accent lighting. Supermarkets and

warehouse stores, on the other hand, use mainly

general or ambient lighting.

There are some techniques that can be used

whatever the situation, though, and there are

energy savings to be made in almost all cases.

Ambit lightigUsing triphosphor tubes or compact uorescent

lamps for general lighting gives a wide spread of

light so that customers can see and inspect items

and make their way around the shop. Customers

should be able to read labels and information

about products easily.

Acct lightigMetal halide highlighting or spotlighting provides

contrast and draws the attention to particular items.

Badly positioned lights, however, will cause glare,

making viewing uncomfortable for customers.

Primtr lightigFluorescent or LED lighting helps establish the

overall image of the shop and denes its

boundaries when used to light vertical surfaces.

Shlf ad display cas lightigLED lighting can be enclosed in display cabinets

or positioned very close to products without

damaging them.

This example (g. 30) shows recessed lights that

have three 55W PLL compact uorescent lamps

and low brightness louvres. These luminaires have

a low output ratio (LOR) of 57%, which means

more lamps have to be used to light up the retail

area. Each lamp uses 174W of energy.

Swap to a light with a 76% LOR, using two 55W

PLL compact uorescent lamps, and you get thesame light levels but use only 115W a 36%

energy saving and savings on lamp replacements

in the future.

This next example (g. 31) shows an effective,

energy efcient retail lighting scheme. There are

recessed twin 24W T5 uorescent tubes with

matte louvres to avoid the ceiling being dark. They

have an LOR of 70% and use just 51W per light.

Fig. 30

Fig. 31

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24

Chillr ad frzr cabitsThese tend to use 1.2m 36W uorescent tubes

(g. 32), operated by electromagnetic switch-start

ballasts, and use 46W (circuit Watts). Replacing

each uorescent tting with a 25W LED strip

saves around 40% of the energy.

LED lights (g. 33) operate better at cooler

temperatures they are 60% brighter at -20 C.

A T8 uorescent tube provides only 70% of its

original light at +5c, and a T5 tube provides

70% at +20C.

LEDs also last far longer than uorescent tubes,

which keeps costs lower, A 38mm diameter T8

tube lasts between 15,000 hours and 20,000

hours, depending on whether its single or

triphosphor lamps. An LED strip should last for

50,000 hours before the whole strip would need

replacing, and at 35,000 hours should still give

70% of its original light output.

Fig. 32

Fig. 33

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Fig. 34 Fig. 36

Fig. 35 Fig. 37

25Lighting

Exterior lightingTo make outside lighting efficient, effective and energy-saving, there are four basics.

1. Bulbs need to give you more than 15,000

hours life.

2. Light tting should be directed where

its needed without spilling and causing

light pollution.

3. Lights should have a high output of more than

65% LOR.

4. There should be daylight sensors and timers

to switch lights on and off automatically.

Examples of inefcientoutside lighting

Both the lights in these examples (g. 34 and 35)

give poor illumination because of the opaque

cover. This style of light also shines above the

horizontal, causing light pollution, reducing the

amount of light that gets to where its actually

needed and wasting energy.

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26Lighting

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26Lighting

spheres have poor light output and shine 50% of

their light above the horizontal. Energy is wasted

and theres limited illumination.

Tungsten halogen lighting (g. 37) is inefcient

and has a relatively short life. It should be avoided

wherever possible. When instant-start lighting

is needed for security lighting with automatic

presence detection (PIR), for example use

compact uorescent lamps.

When you use standard oodlighting (g. 38, 39

and 40), a high percentage of light shines above

the intended target. Its a waste and can also be

a nuisance for neighbouring properties.

Examples of effectiveoutside lighting

When the right sort of lighting is used, as in this

hockey eld (g. 41, theres no light pollution and

you save around 40% of the energy. Have a look

at g. 42 too for an illustration of how efcient

asymmetrical oodlighting can be.

This good example of illuminating a car park (g. 43)

takes into account the risk of light pollution for

nearby houses. The lights have been directed into

the car park and are controlled by daylight sensors.

Fig. 38 Fig. 41

Fig. 39

Fig. 42

Fig. 40 Fig. 43HELP

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Menu

27Lighting

Savings checklist

Done

1 Is th light shiig whr its dd?If the light is shining too widely, especially up into the sky, it wastes energy, causes light pollution and can be a nuisance for neighbours.

2 Ar yo sig th most fcit ad ffctiv typ of light?Consider the lifespan of the bulbs and the controllability of your lights.

3 Do yor lights giv yo th right color apparac ad color rdrig?This is very important if you are using CCTV, as colours need to show up accurately.


Fit photocell sensors to switch off lights when theres enough daylight. Fit presence detectors to zone areas that arent used all the time.

HELP

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Menu

g g

Lighting controlsBy using timers, daylight sensors or presence detectors, you can control your lighting so that it

turns on and off or dimming automatically. Because lights are only on when needed, you saveenergy and extend the life of your lights.

Below are three examples of the possible savings

if automatic controls are installed:

Manufacturing, hotels,

hospitals, petrol stations

Annual operational hours = 8,760

Lighting is needed for around 4,000 hours

45% saving.

Ofces and schools


Lighting needed for only part of this time

More than 50% saving.

Retail, licensed premises


Lighting needed for only part of this time

Savings from cutting window area lighting

to 3,500 hours

25-30% saving in back-of-house areas.

Without controlled lighting

Using controls with these 20 1.5m twin T8 switch-

start uorescent lights in this car park

(g. 44), you could save 1,152 a year (calculated

at 4,000 hours a year and 10p per electrical unit).

In g. 45 to 49, you could expect to save energy

by using daylight sensors (between 4,000 and

8,760 hours a year).

Fig. 44

Fig. 45

Fig. 46HELP

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Menu

g g

These lights (g. 50) are illuminating windows. Its

ineffective and wasteful. There would be energy

savings with a minimum of 4,000 hours a year.

These lights (g. 51) shine upwards and the light is

then lost out of window. There would be energy

savings with a minimum of 4,000 hours a year.

A 24/7 operation (g. 52) with no effect. You could

save 100% of the energy here (8,760 hours a year).Fig. 47

Fig. 48

Fig 49

Figure 50

Fig. 52

Fig. 51 Fig. 53

With controlled lighting

Daylight and presence sensors switch off this

lighting (g. 53) when there is enough daylight.

At night, the lighting is switched on only whensomeone comes into the area.

HELP

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Menu

Automatic daylight sensors control this high

intensity discharge lighting (g. 54 and 55). Not

only does it save energy, but lamps dont need to

be replaced as often. Skylights need to be kept

clean to maximise the natural light.

Fig. 54

Fig. 55HELP

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Menu

LeD GLS 4W 50,000-hor lif

35W IRC R111 Tgsthalog 4,000-hor lif

35W IRC MR16 low voltag 5,000-hor lif

LeD 8W MR16 low voltag 50,000-hor lif

50W mais voltag Gu10 50,000-hor lif

Appendix 1 Types of lamp

Tgst halogGLS 2,000-hor lif

Compact orsct cadl 8,000-hor lif

Compact orsct rctor 15,000-hor lif

Compact orsct 8,000-hor lif

Dimmabl compactorsct 10,000-hor lif

LeD 3.6W low voltag 40,000-hor lif

LeD 4W Gu10 50,000-hor lif

HELP

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Menu

Appendix 2 Energy comparison chart

Type Existing

energy

Proposed

energy

Energy

saving

Hours

per year

Unit

cost

Annual

savings

()

GLS to CFLi 40W 7W 33W 8,760 10p 28.90

GLS to LeD 60W 4W 56W 8,760 10p 49.05

Cadl to IRC cadl 40W 28W 12W 8,760 10p 10.51

GLS to IRC 60W 42W 18W 8,760 10p 15.77MR16 to LeD 20W 3.6W 17.4W 8,760 10p 15.3

MR16 to LeD 50W 5W 45W 8,760 10p 39.42

MR16 to LeD 50W 8W 42W 8,760 10p 36.79

GLS standard tungsten lamp; CFLi compact

uorescent lamp with integral electronic gear;

T8 26mm diameter uorescent tube;

T12 38mm diameter uorescent tube;

IRC infrared coated tungsten halogen lamps;

LED lamps with light-emitting diode;

MR16 dichroic spotlamp with low voltage (12v)

GX5.3 or mains voltage GU10

GU10

GU10 mains voltage dichroic lamp

LED Light-emitting diode

(low voltage 12V retrot)

HELP

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Menu

Savings checklist

Done

1 Are you using tungsten bulbs in any areas?

Change to compact uorescent (CFLi), tungsten halogen or LED 75% to 90% energy saving.

2 Are there areas where lighting is left on unnecessarily?

Use daylight sensors or presence detectors to automatically switch lighting off and on as needed 30% to 60% energy saving.

3 Are you using tungsten halogen low voltage (GX 5.3) or mains voltage (GU10) in any areas?

Swap to infrared coated (IRC) tungsten halogen versions or appropriate LEDs to replace low voltage versions. Use LEDs (GU10)

of CFLi (GU10) to replace mains voltage versions.

4 Are you using T12 or T8 switch-start uorescent tubes?Replace with new T5 ttings or t a T5 electronic adaptor.

HELP

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Introduction

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CTG029The Carbon Trust is a not-for-prot company with the mission to accelerate the move to a low carbon economy.We provide specialist support to business and the public sector to help cut carbon emissions, save energy and

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The Carbon Trust receives funding from Government including the Department of Energy and Climate Change, the Department

of Transport, the Scottish Government, the Welsh Assembly Government and Invest Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland

Carbon Trust activities are part nanced by the European Regional Development Fund under the European Sustainable

Competitiveness Programme for Northern Ireland.

Whilst reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that the information contained within this publication is correct , the

authors, the Carbon Trust, its agents, contractors and sub-contractors give no warranty and make no representation as to itsaccuracy and accept no liability for any errors or omissions. Any trademarks, service marks or logos used in this publication,

and copyright in it, are the p roperty of the Carbon Trust. Nothing in this publication shall be construed as granting any licence

or right to use or reproduce any of the trademarks, service marks, logos, copyright or any proprietary information in any way

without the Carbon Trusts prior written permission. The Carbon Trust enforces infringements of its intellectual property

rights to the full extent permitted by law.

The Carbon Trust is a company limited by guarantee and registered in England and Wales under Company

number 4190230 with its Registered Ofce at: 6th Floor, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3BF.

Published in the UK: March 2010.

The Carbon Trust 2010. All rights reserved.

We provide specialist support to business and the public sector to help cut carbon emissions, save energy and

commercialise low carbon technologies. By stimulating low carbon action we contribute to key UK goals of lower

carbon emissions, the development of low carbon businesses, increased energy security and associated jobs.

W hlp to ct carbo missios ow by:

providing specialist advice and nance to help organisations cut carbon

setting standards for carbon reduction.

W rdc pottial ftr carbo missios by:

opening markets for low carbon technologies leading industry collaborations to commercialise technologies

investing in early-stage low carbon companies.

www.carbontrust.co.uk

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