CT-40

CHRIST CHURCH 1772(?)

Believed to have been originally erected in the eighteenth century in a si•ple style characteristic of Protestant church architecture of the region this one story brick structure was remodeled in 1906 and is vaguely reminescent of Victorian Romanesque architecture. The brick walls have been atucceed over and the interior remodeled in the late Victorian style.

MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST

INVENTORY FORM FOR STATE HISTORIC SITES SURVEY

6NAME HISTORIC

Christ Church AND/OR COMMON

. flLOCATION STREET & NUMBER

CITY. TOWN BrQCII!es Island Raad (Maryland

Port Republic VICINITY OF

STATE Maryland

DcLASSIFICATION

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS _DISTRICT _PUBLIC ~OCCUPIED

X...BUILDING(S) ~PRIVATE _UNOCCUPIED

_STRUCTURE _BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS

_SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE _OBJECT _IN PROCESS ~YES: RESTRICTED

_BEING CONSIDERED _YES: UNRESTRICTED

_NO

DOWNER OF PROPERTY NAME

Vestrv of Christ Church STREET & NUMBER

CITY. TOWN

_ VICINITY OF

llLOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC.

STREET & NUMBER

CITY. TOWN

lflREPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE

DATE

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT

PRESENT USE

_AGRICULTURE

_COMMERCIAL

_MUSEUM

_EDUCATIONAL _PRIVATE RESIDENCE

_ENTERTAINMENT ~RELIGIOUS

_GOVERNMENT

_INDUSTRIAL

_MILITARY

Telephone #:

_SCIENTIFIC

_TRANSPORTATION

_OTHER

STATE , Zl.p code

Liber # : JLB 3/38 Folio #:

STATE

-.FEDERAL --STATE _COUNTY __LOCAL

.-DEPOSITORY FOR

SURVEY RECORDS

CITY. TOWN STATE

B DESCRIPTION

_EXCELLENT

IL'GooD _FAIR

CONDITION

_DETERIORATED

_ RUINS

_UNEXPOSED

CHECK ONE

_UNALTERED

~LTERED

CHECK ONE

VORIGINAL SITE

_MOVED DATE. ___ _

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The Story of Old Christ Church, which was written by John R. Fleming and published by the Vestry of Christ Church, is an excellent publication which not only describes the church but 6ives a good deal of information about iLS history. That history appears to be well researched and a bibliography that includes mar:.y primary sources is printed along with early photos. Pages 22-28 are devoted to architectural history and one gets the impression from this section that the church has undergone many changes. There seems to be little doubt of a church here in the Seventeenth Century, although that building exists no logger. According to Fleming, that structure probably was a log building that was destroyed in 1731 by fire. It had been replaced by 1735 with a brick structure w~;.ich oddly enough sufficed only thirty-five yea.rs. The Maryland General Assembly authorized a raising of t:::x money for a new church that is supposed to have been com;,leted by 1772. According to the instructions of the General Assembly, this church was to be constructed using materials salvaged from the other building.

Although it is stated that the present structure has evolved out of this 1772 building, it is also pointed out that the condition of the church was "deplorable" by the end of the century and that it has seen several substantial changes. For example in 1838, there was "no" belfry and no porch or entrcmce on the west side, but there were covered brick porches on both the north and south sides. Since then doors became windows, partitions and rooms were added and much interior decoration was replaced during the seven "major" recon­structions which Fleming cites. He points out that an eigi1th major reconstruction took place in 1906 in which all four major walls were rebuil~ the end walls being completely removed. As much old material was reused as possible at least 20,000 new bricks were necessary.

It has been pointed out that from a stylistic point of view, the present building exhibits a horizontal emphasis or Wideness of plan that is more characteristic of the :Nineteenth Century than of the late Georgian Era. It is possible that the building was made wider in 1906 when the walls were rebuilt. Fleming points out that was during this renovation that the corner abutments were added and that concrete foundations were added on "all four walls." •

It would seem from this information that one important value of the present structure is its ability to demonstrate the changing and growing needs of a congregation which has existed for over three hundred years. The present building exhibits some fine Victorian details, which should be preserved and any restoration seeking a

late Georgian a_:,pearance should seriously consider the real possibility that mos~ of the Georgian buildings may have been destroyed.

CONTINUE ON SEPARATE SHEET IF NECESSARY

II SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

~ "EHISTORIC

·00-1499

-1500-1599

_1600-1699

_1700-1799

~1800-1899 _1900.

---ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC

---ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC

---AGRICULTUR~

---ARCHITECTURE

---ART

-COMMERCE

-COMMUNICATIONS

SPECIFIC DATES

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

c ~. :::it::·c

·,\ ,.., : ';tr..·t.

)

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-COMMUNITY PLANNING

_CONSERVATION

-ECONOMICS

-EDUCATION

_ENGINEERING

-EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT

_INDUSTRY

_INVENTION

_LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

_LAW

_LITERATURE

_MILITARY

_MUSIC

_PHILOSOPHY

_POLITICS/GOVERNMENT

BUILDER/ARCHITECT

~

~ ~r :\'7~" \ ~·' "s._

CONTINUE ON SEPARATE SHEET IF NECESSARY

. ·-~·-··---·-- -·----

cT-4o

_RELIGION

_SCIENCE

_SCULPTURE

_SOCIAUHUMANITARIAN

_THEATER

_TRANSPORTATION

_OTHER 'SPECIFY)

Cl--40

IJMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

CONTINUE ON SE~.ARATE SHEET IF NECESS~Y

ll!JGEOGRAPHICALDATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY 46. 6 acres

VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE

STATE

mFORM PREPARED BY NAME/ TITLE

ORGANIZATION

STREET & NUMBER

CITY OR TOWN

COUNTY

COUNTY

Wayne l. Nield, fl Historic Sites Survey

Broomes Island, Maryland 20615 536-2050 Wrn ru 7b- 11

DATE

TELEPHONE

STATE

The Maryland Historic Sites Inventory was officially created by an Act of the Maryland Legislature, to be found in the Annotated Code of Maryland, Article 41, Section 181 KA, 1974 Supplement.

The Survey and Inventory are being prepared for information and record purposes only and do not constitute any infringe­ment of individual property rights.

RETURN TO: Maryland Historical Trust The Shaw House, 21 State Circle Annapolis, Maryland 21401 (301) 267-1438

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NATIONAL REGISTER OF M15TOP-IC PLACE~ INVENTORY - NOMH~ATION FORM•

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·rince Fr~derick

STHlLlA~ti~:ti-, ------------------

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Cl County 11 Local

CODE'. Cl1 ,. 01TJ~-;-- ----·-····------- - -. --·-------rTi H-. ---

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Christ Church was erected in 1772 anl1, as it stands todny, retains its coloni~l character and form. Subsequent renovations in 1792, 1838, 1862, 1ae2, 1906, 1928-29, 19~6-50, and 1968 make it an interesting illustration of runi.l ecclesiastical nrchi tccturul devclop1i1cn t:. This section will describe first th~ church as it is todtly. Them, stc:p­ping back into history, it \·lill give a pos:~ible description ofll. chu 1·ch .:u; it appeared 01·iginal ly and af tcr eai::h important moll.i. f ica t.ion.

The chun..:h t0duy is of brick construction; its exterior is covered wi tli stucco. It has u. slit:irply p~cikcd roof with gahh~s u.t the front and back, or the cu.st and west ends of tlw church. Tho gables have ·'.croll br.:ickets. '!'he sides of the church havl? five bays; c 1 bay has double stained glu.ss round headed windm;s. •r: , arc buttress cs at the corners of the building. At the fr· there is a sm.:-ill exterior vestibui-or entryway and a small ( bel.fry. At the rorthe.:ist corner of the rear of the chur1..:' c::.:-c is a modern sacristy. The interior of ·::he church is 1 • Li1stercd and painted whi tc. The nave has thr<..!e aisles; th .. : pews fi.lcc t!1c c.:rnt end of the church where the altar is located cxcet:it t.hose at t!1c front of the church on citJ1er· side of the c:ltar. '!'hough reurrangod, ti1c pew;:; are ~onstructed with the rnatr- rinls of the enrly boY. pews; in fac-t:., the doors of the origj nal pm·1::; have Lee~ used a9 end piece~ on the present ones, as witncs~cd by the exis­tenc.: in places of t.he old h.:irdwu.rc encl tr'1ccs of it in others.

An earlier building, dating fron 1672 or before, t~1e oxact locati:m of which is unknOi·m se·rved the origin.:il parish and was probably simple log or frame construction. It was destroyed by fire in 1731 u.nd replacc\d in 1735 by a brick church on the present site. It is nc 1 t possible to describe this second church, but it had a scp:~rate vestry room built outside the main building, traces of ci1e foundation of whjch can sl:ill be seen to the northcust o' the µresent structur~.

By 1769 this church \vas in need of repnir and rebuilding,' and construction of a new church on ~he same site using materials of the old w.:is coP1plctcd in 1772. Some of the old bricks from the 1735 building me<is \Jr•-! only 4" by 2 11 by 2 11

•

Pcrh.:ips because of the use of old br~cks and bricks of differ­ing si::es tr.c exterior of the chu1·ch was covered with a mortar slip or plu.eter. 'The 1772 church with modifications hns remained in continuous use until tod~y, a period of over 200 yc.:irs.

The church was renovated in 179? and again in 1838-39. From a description of the church bcforu this latter renovatic~ it is clear that it hd<l covered bric:~ l:JOrclH'!.i of 'the north and south sitlcs <.1nd a center aisle r.:mning across the main axis of the church bL~ 1.-.\~een the hvo p-Jrchcs. Entrance to the gallery, us0d excltwi vcJ y by B U1cks, was by steps out!~ide

. ·- - - -·---····---·· ------· -------------(Soc c:m tinu~l ti.on sheet No. 1)

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LI 19th c~ntury

"HE"S 01' $1f.NIFICANCC (Ch.,cl< u,.,. ur Mor~ '"' 1lppropri1111•)

Abor i9inal [] E ciuc ati o" L. I Polilocol

0 Pre hi' toric [] Engineering lXl Reli9ion -'Ploi.

0 Historic 0 I ndu• lry losorhy

CJ Agriculture [] ln,1011li'°'n Ll Sci .. nco

~ Architecture CJ land.rape u Stulptvre

0 Art ArchitetlurP u Soc on I/I luman.

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l] Communic.otions Cl Mild my ,-, Theater

u Con•••vut1on Ll Mu:.•~ l I Transporlution

CJ 20th Century

[1 Ur~an Planning

LJ Other (Sp,,~lly)

Chris l: Church i~> f::icrn if j czrn t bo l:h his tor ic.:a l ly and architecturally, as the motlwr Episc0!)<1l Church of Cdlvert County .:md its oldcs t continually \10rsl1 iping corv_; n.~c;u.tion and as a fine country church which retains its colonial character.

1672 is the usual date given for the founding of the parish; the Parish Register, which is still in existence, has nn entry for that year recordj ng the birth of Mary Myles on .~pril 24. 'l'he Reverend John Yeo preached at Chri·;t Church during the 70's, and it is probuble that he was the first pastor. Mary 'l'aney, wife oi the sheriff of Calvert. Coun Ly and one of the foreheu.rers of Chief Justic1..~ 'Roger BrooJ{c Ta:w::i,•, and F1:~mcis Mauldin who don-3.tcd the land fo.t· the first church, were among the :. eading citizens of Calve :t County wb0 were inst rumen ta.l in tl.e founding of the new church.

The Act of Establishment of :.692 not only established the Church of England as a state-:;upported religion, but specifically mentioned Christ Chm~ch Parish and de fin cc it'.; boundaries. These incl nde<l all o.~ what is now Calvert Count:-.,r scuth of Iltu1 ting Creel~. F.:-orn the earliest clays the pal· Lijh w.:.is so la r~l'-' .is to bQ t111\·w:1 cJly. A chapel o.f case, Ml,Jd.lcha11. Ch:1pel, a i~'-tt.i.orw.L l~L'<Ji:;ti.Jr nomir.ation Iii.Id l..H.!Cn cst:.alilished, it is thonc_rht, in 1Vl4. r1 1hc new l\ct also .:.1u Lhori :!C'Ll the frcoholJcrs, 5 3 7 11 :nx<ibJ ~s 11 out of u total estimated population of ubout 1,61)0, to name six vestrymen for the i;:arish. The six, all from families of historic impo.cl:ance in the county, were ca·_)tain Thomas Clagc3ett, Henry Farnley, Samuel Bollinqswor ::h, Fr.:.mcis .Mulden (or I .Mauldin) , John MannintJ .::md Riclhlr•l Smith. Under the Act the vustry was empowered to colle~t 40 pounds of tobacco l from cacl' "taxable" in the parish, whatever his religion, to support the church. Parson \\lc~ms, the celebrated· biog:raplH~' of GcorgE· Washington, preached <Jt Christ Church, and th~ Reverend Jonathan Cay, whose to:nbstone 1 ics near the eastern wo.11 of the church, was rector frum 1715 to 1735.

'l'ho first confirm<J.tion service at Ci1rist •Church took place on May 4, 197'1. Bishop Thomas J. Cl.::iggctt,.thc first Biuhop of M.:1ry Lind Bud the fir.st E:piscop<1l bishop 01~da.i.ncd in tho United S t:ates, \11hosc' f .i U1 er h..id been rector of Christ

'------------·------------- - - - ··- -- . --- -{Sec contJ.nu::bon ~3h'2ct No. 1)

-

--

Form 10-3000 (July 1969)

I

UNITED STATES Df PARTIArNT OF lHL INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SER\'ICE

CT- \J :-

STATE

.Maryland -----~-------< NATIONAL REGISTER OF ltlSTOR IC PLACES COUNTY

Culver.t INVENTORY ·NOMINATION FORM _________ ..,

, ____ F..c.O_R_N_ PS USE ONL ... Y _____ ,

ENTRY NU..;-l~R-- -, [JAT~: (Continu.1tion Sheet) # 1

I (Number al/ ontrlee)

Christ Church

7. DESCRIPTION, continued

the south WClll. In 1838-39, the brick porches were torn down1 and the door at the west end became the principal entrance to the church. The side doors were replaced by bays of windows. As u result of these dwnqcs, the old box pews were rearranged into their present ~lignment. A partition was pl~ced across the nave at the west end creating a vestibule in the center with a room at either side.

J\lthou9h repairs were carried out in 1862 and 1882, a major reconstruction was rcyuircd in 1906 to repair and rebuild the walls which had been seriously damaged by years of rainf&ll weakening their foundations. Portions of the walls were rebuilt using old brick whure possible, abutments were added· at the corners, and gutters with deep concrete foundations were put down at the base of all four walls.

Following repairs in 1928-29 and 1946-50 the sacristy was added in 1968. Space was gained for a choir by removing the upper portion of the 1838-39 wall at the rear of the chu::ch. Modern stained glass windows have rEplaced the old clear gla:~ ~-.- - I

8. SIGNIFICANCE, continued ----i Church in 1748-49, conducted the service. The church surviv1·d the War of L812 without serious inj\ry and was finally coneecaratej in 1842, almost 200 yec:rs after its founding. Christ Chur.Jh celebrated its 300th lnniversary in 1972 and continu~s to be an important certcr of life in Calvert County. •

The ai..·chi tectural significance: deri vcs from its evolution f.com the eighteenth centu1y to the present. The Church cncorporatcd U1e form and f~tric associated with c.:igh teen th ~entury ecclesiastical tj drn1et ter archi tecturc. T.1e bell cot and buttresses are drilwn from the Gothic R~~vi val. 'l'IH~ hc;;1vy scroll br.:ickc~ts, \\lindow t l l'<tl mcnt, and plastpr Ct'V1.~rinq nf lh1.1 brickw;ll l:..1 h.ivc nin( l:vl'nt:h Gt:mtury :-;oun:o:; / m0:.~t p~trti culai:ly in do mm; tic ilrch i LL ctun:; and the i:; t .. d.ned glass windo•'/s reflect the t.:1s te of the mi<l-tvventicth century.

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i. sTATE Maryland couNTY Calvert County TowN Port Republieic1N1TY STREET NO.

0R1G1NAL owNER Episcopal Parish ORIGINAL USE Church PRESENT OWNER Episcopal Parish P RE s EN T us E Church WALL CONSTRUCTION Flemish bond brick NO. OF STORIES 2 stuccoed over.

HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILD! NGS SURVEY

1NvnnoRY CT-40

2. NAME Christ Church

DA TE OR PERIOD 1772 sTYLE Altered Georgian Colonial ARCHITECT BUILD ER

3. FOR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS USE

4. NOTABLE FEATURES, HISTORICAL SIGNIFiCANCE AND DESCRIPTION oPEN To Pusuc Yes

This church was remodeled in 1906 into a nondescript Romanesque design. The fine brickwork was stuccoed over at this time and all the windows and the interior were changed. A water table and corner buttresses are visible through the stucco and appear to be old. The choir, or old slave gallery in the church, appear to be old, although the rest of the interior is Victorian in style.

This structure is beyond restoration and is only important as the historic site of one of the oldest parishes ~16720 in in Calvert County.

5. PHYSICAL CONDITION OF ~TRUCTURE Endangered

Altered

~ 6. LOCATION MAP (Plan Optia,,al)

3. PUBLISHED SOURCES (Author, Title, Pages)

INTERVIEWS, RECORDS, PHOTOS, ETC.

Interior Exterior

7. PHOTOGRAPH 9. NAME, ADDRESS AND TITLE OF RECORDER

Paul A. Brinkman

DA TE OF RECORD July 1 Q' 1967

I.--..

--

Plcming, Jolrn R. "'l'hc Story of Old Christ Church." 1972. I11vcntory of Church Archives of Maryland. MLJ.ryland Records

Survey Project, 1940. Hic1htmycr, N.W. Mz1rvland's EstZJ.bli~-;hcd Church. 1956.

Parishes of tlw Diocese oJ ;:1~ir)1L1i1(!~ 1960. Skirven, Percy s. First P<J.rishc!:i of the Province of MLJ.ryland.

1942. (J\11 sources are available at the Hall of Records, Annapolis, M«ry land.)

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