CSTCSTReleased Test QuestionsReleased Test Questions

History Social ScienceHistory Social Science

Grade 10Grade 10

1. Who believed that in an ideal society the government should be controlled by a class of

“philosopher kings”?

A.A. MuhammadMuhammad

B.B. PlatoPlato

C.C. Lao-tzuLao-tzu

D.D. Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas

He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire. . . .

—Aristotle

2. Which feature of modern Western democratic government reflects Aristotle’s

views as given above? A.A. the direct election of members of the the direct election of members of the

legislaturelegislatureB.B. the power of the courts to review the lawthe power of the courts to review the lawC.C. the granting of emergency powers to the chief the granting of emergency powers to the chief

executive executive D.D. the requirement that government actions must the requirement that government actions must

adhere to the law adhere to the law

3. Which of the following is a concept from classical Athens that is central to Western

political thought today?

A.A. Individuals should fight against nature and Individuals should fight against nature and society to achieve greatness. society to achieve greatness.

B.B. Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are of great importance. of great importance.

C.C. Individual recognition impedes societal Individual recognition impedes societal progress. progress.

D.D. Individuals play an insignificant role in shaping Individuals play an insignificant role in shaping ideas, society, and the state. ideas, society, and the state.

4. Which of these is a source for the ideas

outlined in the Japanese Constitution?

A.A. Charter of the United Nations Charter of the United Nations

B.B. legal writings of Thomas Hobbes legal writings of Thomas Hobbes

C.C. writings on constitutions by Voltaire writings on constitutions by Voltaire

D.D. United States Constitution United States Constitution

From the Constitution of Japan We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land. . . .

5. When a country’s constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other, it is adhering to the constitutional

principle of

A.A. popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty

B.B. separation of powers.separation of powers.

C.C. federalism.federalism.

D.D. direct democracydirect democracy

6. The English philosopher John Locke argued

that life, liberty, and property are

A.A. natural rights that should be protected by natural rights that should be protected by government. government.

B.B. political rights to be granted as determined by political rights to be granted as determined by law. law.

C.C. economic rights earned in a capitalistic economic rights earned in a capitalistic system. system.

D.D. social rights guaranteed by the ruling class. social rights guaranteed by the ruling class.

7. Both the United States Declaration ofIndependence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man emphasized the idea that

governments must

A.A. guarantee economic prosperityguarantee economic prosperity

B.B. protect the rights of people.protect the rights of people.

C.C. support established religious beliefs.support established religious beliefs.

D.D. operate on a system of checks and operate on a system of checks and balances.balances.

8. Use the following information to answer the question below.

Natural Rights Philosophy

Emphasizes individual rights to life, liberty and property.

A.A. The Communist ManifestoThe Communist Manifesto

B.B. Plato’s Plato’s RepublicRepublic

C.C. Luther’s Ninety-five Theses Luther’s Ninety-five Theses

D.D. The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence

What document best exemplifies the natural rights philosophy described above?

9. Unlike the French Revolution, the American

Revolution produced

A.A. women’s suffrage.women’s suffrage.

B.B. short-term military rule.short-term military rule.

C.C. strategic alliances.strategic alliances.

D.D. a lasting constitution.a lasting constitution.

10. Which leader was inspired by the ideas of the

American Revolution and the Enlightenment to lead the liberation of much of South

America from Spain?

A.A. Simón BolívarSimón Bolívar

B.B. Padre Miguel HidalgoPadre Miguel Hidalgo

C.C. José MartíJosé Martí

D.D. Antonio López de Santa AnnaAntonio López de Santa Anna

11. The principles of the American Revolution and

the French Revolution are similar in many ways. Which of the following best

summarizes their similarities?

A.A. Both favored representative Both favored representative governments. governments.

B.B. Both limited voting rights to an economic Both limited voting rights to an economic elite. elite.

C.C. Both retained certain hereditary rights for Both retained certain hereditary rights for aristocrats. aristocrats.

D.D. Both supported equal rights for women.Both supported equal rights for women.

12. When members of the Third Estate took the

Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, they were

attempting to

A.A. establish a military government.establish a military government.

B.B. draft a new national constitution.draft a new national constitution.

C.C. restore the king to power.restore the king to power.

D.D. persuade Napoleon to take power.persuade Napoleon to take power.

13. Which of these first demonstrated that popular

protest would play a role in the French Revolution?

A.A. the reign of the Committee of Public the reign of the Committee of Public Safety Safety

B.B. the trial of Louis XIV the trial of Louis XIV

C.C. the fall of the Bastille the fall of the Bastille

D.D. the Civil Constitution of the Clergy the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

14. The agricultural changes which took place in

England during the 1600s contributed to

England’s later industrial development by

A.A. strengthening the importance of the strengthening the importance of the family farm. family farm.

B.B. breaking large estates into smaller farms. breaking large estates into smaller farms. C.C. encouraging city dwellers to return to encouraging city dwellers to return to

farming. farming. D.D. producing more food with fewer workers. producing more food with fewer workers.

15. Louis Pasteur’s research into germ theory in the

nineteenth century is significant because it

A.A. created safety standards for machine workers. created safety standards for machine workers.

B.B. led to techniques that increase crop led to techniques that increase crop production. production.

C.C. identified the importance of vitamins to identified the importance of vitamins to nutrition. nutrition.

D.D. proved that cleanliness helps to prevent proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections. infections.

16. Use the information to complete the statement.

A.A. Industrial Revolution.Industrial Revolution.B.B. Great Awakening.Great Awakening.C.C. French Revolution.French Revolution.D.D. Enlightenment.Enlightenment.

The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers emerged from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, and posts, and palings, wiping their swarthy visages, and contemplating coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam-engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it.

—Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854

The historical era most likely referred to in this quotation is the :

17. In the nineteenth century, labor unions

developed mostly in response to

A.A. increasing unemployment.increasing unemployment.

B.B. government ownership of government ownership of businesses.businesses.

C.C. wages and working conditions.wages and working conditions.

D.D. racial and gender discrimination.racial and gender discrimination.

18. To increase production output during the

Industrial Revolution, businesses primarily invested in

A.A. workers’ wages.workers’ wages.

B.B. machinery.machinery.

C.C. training.training.

D.D. marketing.marketing.

19. What late-eighteenth-century European artistic

movement arose as a reaction against Classicism’s emphasis on reason?

A.A. ImpressionismImpressionism

B.B. RealismRealism

C.C. RomanticismRomanticism

D.D. surrealismsurrealism

20. At the end of the 1800s, colonies were generally

seen as a

A.A. place to banish criminals.place to banish criminals.

B.B. sign of a country’s relative power.sign of a country’s relative power.

C.C. location to train military forces.location to train military forces.

D.D. method for suppressing nationalism.method for suppressing nationalism.

21. Economically, what enabled Japan to become a

colonial power after 1894?

A.A. Agricultural advances increased the population Agricultural advances increased the population and forced Japan to look for new land. and forced Japan to look for new land.

B.B. Japanese trade wars against the United States Japanese trade wars against the United States removed regional competition for colonies. removed regional competition for colonies.

C.C. Industrialization allowed Japan to expend Industrialization allowed Japan to expend resources on military and colonial expansion. resources on military and colonial expansion.

D.D. The Japanese were forced to acquire colonies The Japanese were forced to acquire colonies in Asia when European trade was banned. in Asia when European trade was banned.

22. In 1900, anti-foreign sentiment in China led to an uprising known as the

A.A. Nian Rebellion.Nian Rebellion.

B.B. Boxer Rebellion.Boxer Rebellion.

C.C. Taiping Rebellion.Taiping Rebellion.

D.D. Sepoy Rebellion.Sepoy Rebellion.

23. The collapse of the last Chinese Empire in 1912

was caused by the imperial government’s failure to

A.A. control foreign influence.control foreign influence.

B.B. educate the masses.educate the masses.

C.C. enter into alliances with other nations.enter into alliances with other nations.

D.D. repel communist guerrillas.repel communist guerrillas.

24. Mohandas Gandhi used his philosophy

of nonviolent noncooperation in an effort to

A.A. form a Marxist government in India.form a Marxist government in India.B.B. convince his fellow Indians to support the convince his fellow Indians to support the

Allies in WWIIAllies in WWIIC.C. persuade Pakistanis to separate from persuade Pakistanis to separate from

India. India. D.D. achieve India’s independence from Great achieve India’s independence from Great

BritainBritain

25. By 1914, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only

two African countries to

A.A. establish democratic governments.establish democratic governments.

B.B. develop industrial economies.develop industrial economies.

C.C. retain their independence.retain their independence.

D.D. colonize other nations.colonize other nations.

26. Why did Great Britain, France, and Russia

form the Triple Entente in 1907?

A.A. to protect their colonies from invasion by other to protect their colonies from invasion by other nations nations

B.B. to develop an economic alliance based on to develop an economic alliance based on open markets open markets

C.C. to suppress minority nationalists in their own to suppress minority nationalists in their own countries countries

D.D. to respond to the increased military power of to respond to the increased military power of Germany Germany

27. According to some historians, Europe’s

system of alliances prior to 1914

increased the likelihood that

A.A. democratic ideals would spread throughout the democratic ideals would spread throughout the continent. continent.

B.B. nations would be protected from economic nations would be protected from economic exploitation. exploitation.

C.C. colonization of undeveloped nations would colonization of undeveloped nations would cease. cease.

D.D. small disputes would develop into large-scale small disputes would develop into large-scale wars. wars.

28. Why did most of the combat on the Western

Front in World War I take place in a relatively small area?

A.A. There is only a small amount of flat land in all There is only a small amount of flat land in all of Europe. of Europe.

B.B. The armies became immobile because of The armies became immobile because of trench warfare. trench warfare.

C.C. Each side cut off the fuel supply of the other. Each side cut off the fuel supply of the other.

D.D. Germany’s military tactics were based on Germany’s military tactics were based on “static warfare.” “static warfare.”

29. The Schlieffen Plan was designed by the

German military to

A.A. address U.S. troop deployments in address U.S. troop deployments in France. France.

B.B. strengthen the defense of Germany’s strengthen the defense of Germany’s colonies in Africa. colonies in Africa.

C.C. neutralize Great Britain’s naval control of neutralize Great Britain’s naval control of the North Sea. the North Sea.

D.D. avoid the problem of fighting Allied avoid the problem of fighting Allied powers on two fronts. powers on two fronts.

30. How did Russia’s participation in World War I

affect its empire?

A.A. A string of decisive military victories gained A string of decisive military victories gained land from the Central Powers. land from the Central Powers.

B.B. Russia’s sale of supplies to its western allies Russia’s sale of supplies to its western allies strengthened its economy. strengthened its economy.

C.C. The czar adopted the reforms necessary to win The czar adopted the reforms necessary to win the support of the Russian people. the support of the Russian people.

D.D. Economic hardships brought on by the war Economic hardships brought on by the war resulted in the downfall of the czar. resulted in the downfall of the czar.

31. Which of the following most affected the course

and outcome of World War I?

A.A. Allied withdrawal from the Turkish peninsula of Allied withdrawal from the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli Gallipoli

B.B. British victories in the Sinai that secured the Suez British victories in the Sinai that secured the Suez Canal Canal

C.C. American military and financial intervention in the American military and financial intervention in the war war

D.D. the switch in allegiance of Italy from the Central the switch in allegiance of Italy from the Central Powers to the Allies Powers to the Allies

32. One contribution of overseas colonies to the

Allied effort during World War I was that

they provided

A.A. large numbers of soldiers to reinforce the large numbers of soldiers to reinforce the Allied armies. Allied armies.

B.B. protected sites for new Allied industrial protected sites for new Allied industrial factories. factories.

C.C. most of the agricultural labor in the Allied most of the agricultural labor in the Allied nations. nations.

D.D. places of refuge for displaced Allied places of refuge for displaced Allied civilian populations. civilian populations.

33. President Wilson said that his Fourteen Points would provide a framework for

A.A. a lasting and just peace.a lasting and just peace.

B.B. determining war reparations.determining war reparations.

C.C. expanding colonial empires.expanding colonial empires.

D.D. punishing aggressor nations.punishing aggressor nations.

34. A major goal of France and Great Britain at the Conference of Versailles

following World War I was to

A.A. create a politically unified Europe. create a politically unified Europe. B.B. keep Germany from rebuilding its military keep Germany from rebuilding its military

forces. forces. C.C. restore pre-war imperial governments to restore pre-war imperial governments to

power. power. D.D. help Germany rebuild its industrial help Germany rebuild its industrial

economy. economy.

35. What aim did Italian leader Vittorio Orlando have during the creation of the Treaty of

Versailles?

A.A. to gain territory from Austria-Hungary to gain territory from Austria-Hungary

B.B. to assume control of Austria’s industries to assume control of Austria’s industries

C.C. to guarantee the partition of Germany to guarantee the partition of Germany

D.D. to gain possession of Austria’s overseas to gain possession of Austria’s overseas coloniescolonies

36. Use the information to answer the question that

follows.

After World War I, the territories of the Ottoman Empire in Southwest Asia were

partitioned. Into which area did nearly 400,000 Jewish people immigrate

between 1919 and 1941?

A.A. A A

B.B. BB

C.C. CC

D.D. DD

37. One way fascist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s gained popular

support was by

A.A. promising to maintain peace with other promising to maintain peace with other countries.countries.

B.B. attracting foreign investment for industrial attracting foreign investment for industrial development.development.

C.C. limiting military influence in the limiting military influence in the government.government.

D.D. appealing to national pride.appealing to national pride.

38. Authors Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald are identified with

A.A. the lost generation. the lost generation.

B.B. romanticism. romanticism.

C.C. the classical era. the classical era.

D.D. naturalism. naturalism.

39. How did the Cheka (secret police)

help Lenin gain control of Russia?

A.A. They infiltrated the Czar’s army.They infiltrated the Czar’s army.B.B. They organized the redistribution of the They organized the redistribution of the

land.land.C.C. They used terror tactics against the They used terror tactics against the

enemies of enemies of Bolshevism.Bolshevism. D.D. They negotiated peace with Germany.They negotiated peace with Germany.

40. Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution of 1917 would

A.A. inspire the Russians to continue the European inspire the Russians to continue the European war effort. war effort.

B.B. incite similar socialist rebellions throughout incite similar socialist rebellions throughout EuropeEurope

C.C. persuade the combatants in Western Europe persuade the combatants in Western Europe to sign an armisticeto sign an armistice

D.D. counter US military presence in Eastern counter US military presence in Eastern EuropeEurope

41. Stalin’s “Great Purge” from 1934 to 1939

A.A. eliminated the Army’s dominance in state eliminated the Army’s dominance in state decisionsdecisions

B.B. expanded soviet agriculture at the expense expanded soviet agriculture at the expense of industryof industry

C.C. brought about the death of millions of peoplebrought about the death of millions of people

D.D. replaced agricultural workers with replaced agricultural workers with technologytechnology

42. Both the Italian Fascists and the German Nazis gained power partly

because they

A.A. Had the support of an electoral majority of their Had the support of an electoral majority of their nations’ peoplesnations’ peoples

B.B. Carefully followed accepted democratic political Carefully followed accepted democratic political practicespractices

C.C. used terror tactics against political opponents used terror tactics against political opponents

D.D. Represented the ideas of compromise and Represented the ideas of compromise and prudent governmentprudent government

43. Which of the following does not describe Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy,

and Stalin’s Russia?

A.A. They were all totalitarian governmentsThey were all totalitarian governments

B.B. Political opponents were killed in each statePolitical opponents were killed in each state

C.C. All three nations wanted to expand their All three nations wanted to expand their bordersborders

D.D. Marxist principles governed all economic Marxist principles governed all economic activityactivity

44. In 1939, France and Great Britain declared war

on Germany as a direct result of the

German

A.A. annexation of Austria.annexation of Austria.

B.B. occupation of the Rhineland.occupation of the Rhineland.

C.C. seizure of the Sudetenland.seizure of the Sudetenland.

D.D. invasion of Poland.invasion of Poland.

45. Which nation sought to establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere between 1931

and 1945?

A.A. Japan Japan

B.B. India India

C.C. China China

D.D. Korea Korea

46. Use the following information to answer the question.

A.A. containment containment

B.B. isolation isolation

C.C. reparation reparation

D.D. appeasement appeasement

My good friends, for the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time . . . . Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.

—Neville Chamberlain, April 30, 1938 (following his return from the Munich Conference)

The statement reflects the British belief that which of the following policies would prevent another war?

47. Following the United States’ entry into World

War II, American and British leaders decided

that their highest priority would be to

A.A. recapture Pacific possessions lost to the recapture Pacific possessions lost to the Japanese. Japanese.

B.B. invade Europe and defeat Germany. invade Europe and defeat Germany.

C.C. send armies to the Russian Front to help the send armies to the Russian Front to help the Soviet Union. Soviet Union.

D.D. strike directly at the Japanese home islands. strike directly at the Japanese home islands.

48. Why did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty

with Stalin on the eve of World War II?

A.A. to prevent the League of Nations from acting to to prevent the League of Nations from acting to stop the war stop the war

B.B. to show that Hitler had changed his views on to show that Hitler had changed his views on communism communism

C.C. to allow Germany to invade Poland without to allow Germany to invade Poland without Soviet opposition Soviet opposition

D.D. to insure that Germany had direct access to to insure that Germany had direct access to the Baltic Sea the Baltic Sea

49. One major purpose of the Yalta Conference in 1945 was to decide

A.A. when to open the second front against when to open the second front against Germany. Germany.

B.B. where to launch the final invasion of where to launch the final invasion of Japan. Japan.

C.C. how to restructure Europe after the war. how to restructure Europe after the war. D.D. which countries to include in the United which countries to include in the United

Nations. Nations.

50. Which of the following countries suffered high civilian and military casualties because it was invaded and partially occupied during World

War II?

A.A. Great BritainGreat Britain

B.B. the Soviet Unionthe Soviet Union

C.C. the United Statesthe United States

D.D. JapanJapan

51. Which of these is the main reason that Poland,

Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania

became satellites of the Soviet Union?

A.A. These areas were given to the Soviet Union by These areas were given to the Soviet Union by a League of Nations mandate. a League of Nations mandate.

B.B. The people in each country voted in free The people in each country voted in free elections to ally with the Soviets. elections to ally with the Soviets.

C.C. The Soviet army occupied these areas at the The Soviet army occupied these areas at the end of World War II. end of World War II.

D.D. Hitler surrendered control of these areas to the Hitler surrendered control of these areas to the Soviet Union at the end of the war. Soviet Union at the end of the war.

52. The economic recovery of Japan following

World War II focused primarily on

A.A. rebuilding its military and weapons capabilities. rebuilding its military and weapons capabilities. B.B. exporting raw materials in exchange for exporting raw materials in exchange for

consumer goods. consumer goods. C.C. developing an agricultural economy and developing an agricultural economy and

marine resources. marine resources. D.D. developing industry and an export economy.developing industry and an export economy.

53. Which of the following was a primary cause of

the Cold War between the United States

and the Soviet Union?

A.A. a competition for political influence over a competition for political influence over other countries other countries

B.B. direct, armed conflict between the two direct, armed conflict between the two nations nations

C.C. a deep reduction in military expenditures a deep reduction in military expenditures

D.D. the founding of the United Nations the founding of the United Nations

54. U.S. intervention in Vietnam came as a result of

the Cold War policy of

A.A. détente.détente.

B.B. brinkmanship.brinkmanship.

C.C. appeasement.appeasement.

D.D. containment.containment.

55. Use the information below to complete the

statement that follows.

A.A. Monroe Doctrine.Monroe Doctrine.

B.B. New Frontier.New Frontier.

C.C. Truman Doctrine.Truman Doctrine.

D.D. Good Neighbor Policy.Good Neighbor Policy.

One way of life is based upon the will of the people, and is distinguished by . . . freedom from political oppression.

The second way of life is based on the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the will of the majority. It relies upon . . . the suppression of personal freedoms.

This quote from a speech delivered in 1947 forms part of the rationale for the

56. When the United States sent military aid

to African governments to help them resist communism, it was continuing a

foreign policy first asserted in the

A.A. Marshall Plan.Marshall Plan.

B.B. Potsdam Agreement.Potsdam Agreement.

C.C. Truman Doctrine.Truman Doctrine.

D.D. Teheran Conference.Teheran Conference.

57. Use the following information to answer the question.

A.A. Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia

B.B. Yugoslavia Yugoslavia

C.C. Hungary Hungary

D.D. Poland Poland

events of 1968 •began as a writers’ protest •hard-line Communist leader resigned and was replaced by one more open to democratic reform •new leader instituted reforms allowing greater freedom of speech and the press •Soviets reestablished control and restored hard-line Communists to power

In what country did the events being described above take place?

58. The Arab oil embargo against the United States

in 1973 was initiated because of U.S. support for

A.A. Egypt in the Suez Crisis.Egypt in the Suez Crisis.

B.B. Iraq in its conflict with Iran.Iraq in its conflict with Iran.

C.C. Israel in the Yom Kippur War.Israel in the Yom Kippur War.

D.D. Greece in its conflict with Turkey.Greece in its conflict with Turkey.

59. NATO was created in order to

A.A. develop goodwill between Eastern and develop goodwill between Eastern and Western Europe. Western Europe.

B.B. encourage diplomatic solutions to regional encourage diplomatic solutions to regional problems in North Africa. problems in North Africa.

C.C. facilitate regional economic development in facilitate regional economic development in North America. North America.

D.D. create a unified military defense between the create a unified military defense between the U.S. and Western Europe.U.S. and Western Europe.

60. In India and Pakistan, feelings of nationalism

are intertwined with religious conflict between

A.A. Buddhists and Hindus.Buddhists and Hindus.

B.B. Christians and Muslims.Christians and Muslims.

C.C. Taoists and Buddhists.Taoists and Buddhists.

D.D. Muslims and Hindus.Muslims and Hindus.