css/417 introduction to database management systems workshop 4
TRANSCRIPT
CSS/417
Introduction to Database Management Systems
Workshop 4
CSS/417 Workshop 4 2
“Enterprise” DB Implementation Network Centric approach Some considerations
Security Integrity Concurrency
Four overall techniques: File server Client server (Inter/intra)net Teleprocessing
CSS/417 Workshop 4 3
File Server DB Implementation
Access .mdb fileMS Access program
Files/Records
Workstation Server
File server example
CSS/417 Workshop 4 4
Client/Server DB Implementation
OracleMS Access program
SQL Commands
Client Server
Result sets
Client/server example
CSS/417 Workshop 4 5
Client/Server DB Implementation
SQL ServerWeb Browser
Client Servers
Web Serverw/ASP
http SQL
Intranet example
ResultsWeb page
Typical Web Server
Page 340Figure 13-1 © 2000 Prentice Hall
CSS/417 Workshop 4 7
Middleware
Accessing the database server ODBC OLE DB ADO JDBC Etc.
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ODBC
Open Database Connectivity;DBMS-independent means for
processing relational database data ORACLE SYBASE INFORMIX
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CSS/417 Workshop 4 9
MiddlewareODBC Logical Architecture (middleware)
Client DB2
Oracle
SQL Server
ODBC
ODBC Physical Architecture
Figure 13-5 © 2000 Prentice Hall
CSS/417 Workshop 4 11
ODBC Terminology Data source the database, its
associated DBMS, operating system, and network platform
Driver manager intermediary between the application and DBMS drivers
Driver processes ODBC requests and submits SQL statements to a data source
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Role of ODBC Standard
Page 340Figure 13-2 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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ODBC Data Source Types File shared among database users System local to a single computer User only available to the user
who created it
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ODBC
ODBC Tools ODBC administrator in control panel Establishes “data source” on the
client Linked tables in Access
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OLE DB
Object Linking and Embedding Database;
Provides an object-oriented interface to data of almost any type and used as an interface to ODBC and non-relational data
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Object Terminology Abstraction a generalization of
something Method actions that an object
can perform Property a characteristic of a
recordset abstraction Collection object that contains a
group of other objectsPage 348
Role of OLE DB
Page 341Figure 13-3 © 2000 Prentice Hall
OLE DB Goals
Page 349Figure 13-10 © 2000 Prentice Hall
OLE DB Data Providers
Page 350Figure 13-11 © 2000 Prentice Hall
CSS/417 Workshop 4 20
ADO
Active Data Objects;an interface that enables
programmers in almost any language (including scripting) to access OLE DB functionality
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Role of ADO
Page 342 Figure 13-4 © 2000 Prentice Hall
ADO Object Model
Page 352Figure 13-14 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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Enterprise Database Processing Architectures
Teleprocessing Systems Client-Server Systems File-Sharing Systems Distributed Database Systems
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Teleprocessing
“All processing is done by one computer and one CPU while users operate dumb terminals that transmit transactions to the centralized computer”
Typical of high volume, OLTP mainframe applications
Traditionally over private SNA network
Teleprocessing Architecture
Page 378Figure 14-1 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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Client-Server Systems
“clients process application programs while servers process the database”
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Client-Server Architecture
Page 379Figure 14-2 © 2000 Prentice Hall
CSS/417 Workshop 4 28
File-Sharing
“Distributes to the users’ computers not only the application programs but also the DBMS”
“Execution takes place on the client workstation”
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File Sharing Architecture
Page 380Figure 14-3 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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Distributed DatabaseSystems
“Database itself is distributed among several computers”
Rare in commercial practice Often implemented, if at all, via
replication/synchronization
Distributed Database Architecture
Page 381Figure 14-4 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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Types of Distributed Databases
Vertical fragment
Horizontal fragment
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Sharing Enterprise Data Some approaches to sharing
Downloading to user workstations File server Client server
Data Warehouses Data Marts (often on NT Server)
Analysis tools: OLAP, ROLAP Data administration
CSS/417 Workshop 4 34
Downloading Data
App2App1
GatewayOLTPDB
ExtractedFiles
File Server
DBMS DBMS
CSS/417 Workshop 4 35
Downloading Data
App2App1
Gateway +DBMS
OLTPDB
DatabaseExtracts
Client Server
ODBC ODBC
CSS/417 Workshop 4 36
Download Problems
Coordination Consistency Access Control
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Downloading Data
“Can (should) be used for query and reporting purposes only”
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Data Warehouses
Store of enterprise data for decision making
Components Data extract tools (ex: SQL Server DTS) Metadata (Repository) DBMS Analytical Tools (Brio, Cognos, etc.)
Pre-aggregated data Star schemas
Data Warehouse
Page 395Figure 14-18 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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Data WarehousesComponents
Dev ToolsCognosBrio
ExtractsWarehouse SourceData
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Typical Architecture For A Data Warehouse
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Typical Architecture For A Complex Data Warehouse
Data Warehouse Requirements
Page 397Figure 14-20 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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Data Warehouse Challenges Inconsistent Data Tool Integration Missing Warehouse Data
Management Tools Ad Hoc Nature of Requirements Caution: can be very expensive to
implementPage 397
CSS/417 Workshop 4 45
Data Mart
“Facility akin to a data warehouse but for a much smaller domain”
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On Line Analytic Processing
OLAP; data is viewed in the form of a table or cube
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OLAP Table
Page 389Figure 14-11 © 2000 Prentice Hall
OLAP Cube
Page 390Figure 14-12 © 2000 Prentice Hall
OLAP Terminology
Page 390Figure 14-14 © 2000 Prentice Hall
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Emerging Technologies
New tools are emerging which: Build cubes on demand directly
from the operational data store Provide OLAP to end users Probably best for less intensive
queries
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Data Administration
“in some ways, data administration is to data what the controller is to money”
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Data Administration Challenges
Page 403Figure 14-25 © 2000 Prentice Hall
Data Administration Functions
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Figure 14-26
© 2000 Prentice Hall