crude oil production and transportation -...
TRANSCRIPT
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“Advanced Chemicals to Solve Petroleum Crude Oil Production and Transportation
Problems”
Professor Ayman M. Atta Chemistry department, college of science, king saud
university [email protected]
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2015نهاية عام –( دوالر للبرميل)معدل تكلفة إنتاج برميل من النفط
تكلفة اإلنتاج التشغيلية الدولةالتكاليف
الرأسمالية
إجمالي تكلفة إنتاج
البرميل الواحد
8.5 4.8 3.7 الكويت
9.9 5.4 4.5 السعودية
10.7 5.9 4.8 العراق
11.3 6.0 5.3 عمان
12.3 5.7 6.6 اإلمارات
12.6 5.8 6.8 قطر
12.6 5.7 6.9 إيران
17.3 8.4 8.9 روسيا
20.4 7.2 13.2 الجزائر
23.5 13.9 9.6 فنزويال
23.8 7.2 16.6 ليبيا
27.8 11.5 16.3 كازاخستان
29.0 10.7 18.3 المكسيك
29.9 14.3 15.6 الصين
31.5 15.3 16.2 نيجيريا
35.3 19.8 15.5 كولومبيا
35.4 16.6 18.8 أنجوال
36.1 12.10 24.0 النرويج
36.3 14.8 21.5 الواليات المتحدة األمريكية
41.1 22.4 18.7 كندا
48.8 31.5 17.3 البرازيل
52.5 30.7 21.8 بريطانيا
Rystad energy :المصدر
2015نهاية عام –( دوالر للبرميل)معدل تكلفة إنتاج برميل من النفط
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•Size of associative polymers compared with the permeability of the reservoir . •Association with oil •Absorption on the oil wetted parts •Very high variation viscosity against the salinity of the reservoir with possibility of plugging with salinity increment. •Very quick loss of viscosity by dilution. •Sensitivity to Calcium, Magnesium and precipitation . •Thermal stability. •Mechanical stability . •Dissolution problems . •Very high viscosities before dilution.
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Exhibit high viscosities even at low polymer concentrations (0.2 wt%), which is an interesting feature in connection with enhanced oil recovery.
The increased viscosity of the polymer solution will reduce the mobility ratio, and hence allow a greater volumetric swept efficiency.
The role of the polymer in most IOR field applications is to increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase. This increase in viscosity can improve sweep efficiency during enhanced oil recovery processes.
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Several different polymer systems have been suggested to be utilized in polymer flooding, such as:
1.Polyacrylamides ,
2.hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol),
3. guar gums ,
4.Xanthans,
5.poly(acrylamide-styrene) copolymers ,
6.polyacrylamide-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose graft polymer, as well as more complex polymers and mixtures of different polymers .
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1. Thermostable polymers which increase the stability of the polyacrylamides from 75°C to 90°C with new monomers .
2. Associative polymers with a main polyacrylamide chain and statistic repartition of hydrophobic groups. There is an association of these hydrophobic groups in a specific brine to give a high viscosity
3. Star polymers with 3 or more branches on a central polymer group. These polymers are normally associative to have a high viscosity
4. Comb and T shape polymers with a main hydrophobic chain and end hydrophobic chain .
5. Block associative polymers with multiple hydrophobic groups inside an hydrophylic chain.
6. Structured polymers with hydrophilic branches in a main hydrophilic chain.
7. Soft or Movable gels are totally insoluble yet injectable gels mainly used in profile modification but with high potential in EOR
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Easy separation
Very low vapor pressure
Non-flammable substance
High thermally stable
High mechanically stable
Electrochemically stable
Low toxicity
Non-volatility
Ionic Liquids Advantage
N
R
N NR1 R2
* [PF6]- for moisture stable, water immiscible IL
* [BF4]- for moisture stable, but water miscible IL
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Synthesis and Assessment of Novel Water Soluble Poly (Ionic Liquids) Based on Quaternary AmmoniumAcrylamidomethyl Propane Sulfonate for Enhanced Oil
Recovery Ayman M. Atta1,2* Abdulrahman A. AlQuraishi3, Hamad A. Allohedan 1 Mahmood M. S. Abdullah1 and Abdullah O. AlMansour3
Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 233, May 2017, Pages 508-516
Figure 9: Contact angle measurements between different aqueous
seawater PIL concentrations and Berea rock.
IFT measurements indicate that all PILs solutions promotes low IFT drop. The drop is not enough to mobilize trapped oil as drastic drop is needed to sufficiently decrease the capillary number.
AMPSA/MAA provided the lowest contact angle. Zeta potential data confirm the wettability alteration towards more water wet condition.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01677322
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 10 20 30
Re
cob
ery
, %
OO
IP
Pore volume injected
Oil Recovery for Secondary
Seawater and Tertiary
PAMPSA/MAA flooding
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30
Re
cov
ery
, %
OO
IP
Pore volume injection
0.4 Slug PIL
Contineous PIL
____ Secondary sea-Tertiary PIL
____Secondary continuous PIL
____ Secondary 0.4 PV PIL slug
Pressure drop profile
recorded during the
runs conducted with
PAMPSA/MAA.
All measurements conducted indicate PIL solution adsorption to rock grain surfaces promoting wettability alteration as the main recovery mechanism .
Multiple flooding runs in secondary and tertiary modes were conducted with AMPSA/MAA PIL solution. Clearly, recovery was improved with PIL solution and close recoveries were obtained in all flooding scenarios, however secondary flooding of 0.4 pore volume of PIL followed by continuous seawater was the most feasible since limited quantity is needed for the obtained ultimate recovery.
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Nanomaterials
First: The hydrophobic pore walls will be changed into hydrophilic due to nanoparticle adsorption, and consequently, The relative permeability of the oil phase increases, decreasing the resistance to oil flow, while at the same time, the relative permeability of the water phase decreases significantly.
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Schematic injection concept
Second, oil in the small pores will be displaced due to nanoparticle adsorption and wettability changes, and the effective pore diameters for oil flow in the porous medium may, in turn, be enlarged.
if water is injected into a water-wet core sample, then water invades the rock and displaces the oil with a flat fluid front and is expected to arrive everywhere along the exit surface.
Depending on the surface wettability, the arriving fluid (water) might then either emerge as a thin film and quickly spread over the grains of the wetting (waterwet) surface figure a. or emerge as individual droplets from the pores, repelled by the nonwetting (oil-wet) surface (Fig. 1b).
a-b wetting fluid injection
Non-wetting fluid Drainage
C-d
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Finally, the adsorption of nanoparticle on the porous surface and blocking of the small pore throats may lead to reduction in porosity and absolute permeability of the porous media.
The first and second effects are favorable for improving oil recovery, but the last effect has an unfavorable effect on oil production due to decrease in absolute permeability.
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Composition and method for enhanced oil recovery US patent 9850420(2017) Ayman Mohamamdy Atta, Mahmood Mohammed Abdullah, Hamad Abdulla Al-Lohedan
(a)
(b)
Figure 3: TEM and DLS micrographs of a) CaCO3
capped with 1g of AMPSA/VP and b) CaCO3 capped
with 2 g of AMPSA/MAA PILs.
https://patents.justia.com/patent/9850420https://patents.justia.com/patent/9850420
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PIL Reactants Ratio
PIL:nan
oparticl
es
Nanopart
icle
Size
(nm)
PDI Zeta
potent
ial
(mV)
AMPSA/VP TiO2 2:1 43.0 0.326 -16.4
AMPSA/VP ZrO2 2:1 98.1 0.349 -35.65
AMPSA/VP CaCO3 2:1 151.1 0.415 -13.99
AMPSA/VP Cu2O.Fe3O
4
2:1 239.0 1.289 -18.4
AMPSA/M
AA
TiO2 2:1 58.9 0.248 -43.18
AMPSA/M
AA
CaCO3 2:1 272.3 0.986 -22.72
AMPSA/VP TiO2 1:1 30.7 0.203 -50.73
AMPSA/VP CaCO3 1:1 64.2 0.323 -21.16
Particle size and zeta potential results of
nanoparticles
Contact angles of oil droplet
at limestone surface in the
presence of sea water and
5000 ppm of PILs.
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Formation of Emulsions
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Oil
Water
Oil
W/O
Water
O/W
Water
Oil
Water
W/O/W
Types of the crude oil water emulsions
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Synthesis and Application of Poly (ionic liquid) Based on Cardanol as Demulsifier for Heavy Crude Oil Water Emulsions
particle sizes of asphaltenes a) absence of PILs, b) QTECA and c) QDECA (asphaltene : PIL; 1:1 )in toluene/heptane solvent.
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Synthesis of Dipoles Poly(ionic liquids)
Based on 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane
Sulfonic Acid-co-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate
for Demulsification of Crude Oil Water
Emulsions CH
2=CH
CONH
CH3
CH3
CH2SO
3H
+ CH2=C
CH3
COOCH2CH
2OH
+ N
(CH2)17
CH3
CH2CH
2O-[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
CH2CH
2O-[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
AIBN
COOCH2CH
2OH
CONH
n
-CH2CH-CH
2C-
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2SO
3 HN
(CH2)17
CH3
CH2CH
2O-[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
CH2CH
2O-[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
+-
COOCH2CH
2OOCH
2 PPh
3 Br
CONH
n
-CH2CH-CH
2C-
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2SO
3 HN
(CH2)17
CH3
CH2CH
2O-[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
CH2CH
2O-[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
+-
+ -
AMPS-EOA / HEMA
AMPS-EOA / HEMAP
a)
AMPSHEMA
EOA
CH2=C
CH3
COOCH2CH
2OH
b)BrCH
2COCl
(C2H
5)3N
CH2=C
CH3
COOCH2CH
2OCOCH
2Br
AMPS
ABINPh
3P
: Single-droplet protocol apparatus.
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Synthesis and Application of
Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid Based on
Ethoxylated Octadecylammonium
Tosylate As Demulsifier and Petroleum
Crude Oil Spill Dispersant
CH3(CH
2)17
NH2
+ ClCH2CH
2OCH
2CH
2Cl + HO-[CH
2CH
2O-]
4-H
ODA DCDE TEG
NaOH
CH3(CH
2)17
N
[CH2-CH
2O-]
6-H
[CH2-CH
2O-]
6-H
SO3H
CH3
PTSA
[CH2-CH
2O-]
6-H
[CH2-CH
2O-]
6-H
+
SO3CH3N(CH
2)17
CH3
- Polarized optical microscope of dispersed oil
droplet using HEOD-TS at different SOR a) 1:1,
b)1:10, c) 1:25 and d) 1:100.
Concentration
s
(ppm)
Designation IFT (mN/m)
90/10 70/30 50/50
0 0 28 25 22
100
HEOD 18 17 10
HEOD-TS 10 8 3
250
HEOD 15 13 8
HEOD-TS 5 2 1.8
500
HEOD 10 8 5
HEOD-TS 1.3 0.3 0.1
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Synthesis and Application of New Poly
(ionic liquids) Based on 1,3-
Dialkylimidazolium as Demulsifiers for
Heavy Petroleum Crude Oil Emulsions
compounds
Concentrations (mg/L)
10/90 20/80 30/70
%DE
(%)
Time (minute)
%DE
(%)
Time
(minute)
%DE
(%)
Time (minute)
EDHI
50 0 - 30 120 35 120 100 12 120 60 120 50 120 250 35 120 70 120 65 120
EPHIB
50 10 120 35 120 50 120 100 25 120 50 120 60 120 250 40 120 85 120 70 120
EDDI
50 75 120 90 120 70 120 100 100 80 100 85 85 120 250 100 60 100 60 100 120
EPDIB
50 85 75 100 120 90 120 100 100 45 100 65 100 70 250 100 30 100 45 100 30
RNH22 +
OH
CHO
+ HCO-COHCH
3COOH
WATER
R = C7H
15
C12
H25or
N-R N-R
OH
+CH
3COO
-
N-R N-R
OH
OH OHn
+CH
3COO
-
N
NN
N
HMTA
B(OH)2
F3C O
DCDE
TEG
N-R N-R
O[CH2CH
2O]
5H
OH OHn
+CH
3COO
-
HCHO
NaOH
N-R N-R
OH
*NH
2 *n
+
-CH
3COO
+
F3CPhBOH-O
-
N-R N-R
O[CH2CH
2O]
5H
*NH
2 *n
+
-CH
3COO
+
F3CPhBOH-O
-
DCDE
TEG
HBA
GA
Fluorescent
optical
microscope
photo of crude
oil/water
emulsions in
the presence of
EPDIB.
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Synthesis and Application of
Amphiphilic Poly (Ionic Liquid) Dendron
from Cashew Nut Shell Oil As Green
Oilfield Chemicals for Heavy Petroleum
Crude oil Emulsion OH
OH
H2SO4 conc.
100 oCOH
OH
OH
O
+Cl
ECH
NaOH
O
O
O
CH2
O CH2
O
CH2
O
H2NCH2CH2OH
O
O
O
CH2
OH CH2
OH
CH2
OH
NHCH2CH2OH NHCH2CH2OH
NHCH2CH2OH
9 ClCH2CH20CH2CH2Cl
9 HO
OH
418NaOH
O
O
O
CH2
CH2
O
CH2
ON
O
O
H
5
O
O H
5
H5
O H
6
O H7
NO H
6
O H
7
NO H
6
O H7
TEG
O
O
O
CH2
CH2
O
CH2
ON
O
O
H
5
O
O H
5
H5
O H
6
O H
7
NO H
6
O H
7
NO H
6
O H
7
H
HH
R R
R
+
+
R =
NH
SO3
O
PAMPS
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Application of Hydrophobic Ionic
Liquids as Asphaltene Dispersants for
Heavy Crude Oil
Ayman M. Atta1,2,* Abdelrhman O.
Ezzat1 Mahmood M. Abdullah 1and
Ahmed I. Hashem3
N
N
CH3
Cl
+-
AMC
+ KOHN
N
CH3+
-OH
COOH
AbA
N
N
CH3+
OOC-
AMA
OH
Cardanol
OK
KOH
O-
N
N
CH3
Cl
+-
N
N
CH3+
a)
b)
AMCO
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Synthesis and Application of
Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid Based on
Acrylate Copolymers As Demulsifier
and Oil Spill Dispersant CH
3(CH
2)17
NH2 + ClCH2CH2OCH2CH2Cl + HO[-CH2CH2O-]4H
NaOH
CH3(CH
2)17
N
CH2CH
2O[-CH
2CH
2O]
5H
CH2CH
2O[-CH
2CH
2O]
5H
CH2=CHCOOH
CH2=CHCONH(CH
3)2CCH
2SO
3H
ODA DCDE TEG
ODTE
(AA)
(AMPS
AIBN
Xyleene
CH2 -CH - CH
2-CH
CONH(CH3)2CCH
2SO
3-COO-
n
NHH
5[OCH
2CH
2]OCH
2CH
2
CH3(CH
2)17
CH2CH
2O[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
HN
CH2CH
2O[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
CH2CH
2O[CH
2CH
2O]
5H
+ +
CH3(CH
2)17
AMPS/AA-TE
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Superhydrophobic sand capped with silica/asphaltene nanoparticles for oil-spill cleanup and collector
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Synthesis and Application of Monodisperse Hydrophobic Magnetite Nanoparticles Using
Ionic Liquid as Oil Spill Collector Ayman M. Atta1,2,* Abdelrhman O. Ezzat1 and
Ahmed I. Hashem, RSC Adv., 2017,7, 16524-16530
F
Oil
collecti
on
sample
CE % at different MOR
1:10 1: 20 1:25 1:50
Cycle 1 100 98 95 90
Cycle 2 100 96 93 88
Cycle 3 98 95 92 86
Cycle 4 96 93 90 80
Cycle 5 96 93 90 80
Table 1: CE % of magnetite capped with AMO at
different MOR.
147.1◦