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of StortteflJ* VK.Bldg.

1949

IONOSPHERIC DATA

ISSUED

FEBRUARY 1949

CRPL-i

Bureau Ubrary, N.

4

Reference book not to b taken from the Library.

PREPARED BY CENTRAL RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C.

CRPL-F 54 CENTRAL RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Issued 24 FEB.I949

IONOSPHERIC DATA

CONTENTS Page

Symbols and Terminology; Conventions for Determining Median Values . 2

Monthly Average and Median Values of World-Wide Ionospheric Data.4

Ionospheric Data for Every Day and Hour at Washington, D. C.6

Ionosphere Disturbances . 6

American and Zurich Provisional Relative Sunspot Numbers. 8

Solar Coronal Intensities Observed at Climax, Colorado. . S

Tables of Ionospheric Data . 9

Graphs of Ionospheric Data.40

Index of Tables and Graphs of Ionospheric Data in CRPL-F54 ..64

2

SYMBOLS AND TERMINOLOGY;

CONVENTIONS FOR DETERMINING

MEDIAN VALUES

Beginning with data reported for January 1949, the symbols, termi¬ nology, and conventions for the determination of median values used in this report (CRPL-F series) conform as far as practicable to those adopted at the Fifth Meeting of the International Radio Consultative Committee (C.C.I.R.) in Stockholm, 194?, and given in detail on pages 2 to 10 of the report CRPL-F53, "Ionospheric Data," issued January 1949.

For symbols and terminology used with data prior to January 1949, see report IRPL-C61, "Report of International Radio Propagation Con¬ ference, Washington, 17 April to 5 May, 1944," previous issues of the F series, in particular, IRPL-F5, CRPE-F24, F33, F50, and report CRPL-7-1, "Preliminary Instructions for Obtaining and Reducing Manual Ionospheric Records."

Following the recommendations of the Washington (1944) and Stockholm (194?) conferences, beginning with data for January 1945, wherever possible median values are published. Where averages are reported, they are, at any hour, the average for all the days during the month for which numerical data exist.

In addition to the conventions for the determination of medians given in Appendix 5 of Document No. 293 E of the Stockholm conference, which are listed on pages 9 and 10 of CRPL-F53, the following conventions are used in determining the medians for hours when no measured values are given because of equipment limitations and ionospheric irregularities. Symbols used are those given on pages 2-9 of CRPL-F53 (Appendixes 1-4 of Document No. 293 E referred to above).

a. For all ionospheric characteristics:

Values missing because of A, R, C, F, L, M, N, Q, R, S, or T (see terminology referred to above) are omitted from the median count.

b. For critical frequencies and virtual heights:

Values of foF2 (and foE near sunrise and sunset) missing because of E are counted as equal to or less than the lower limit of the recorder. Values of h‘F2 (and h'E near sunrise and sunset) missing for this reason are counted as equal to or greater than the median. Other characteristics missing because of E are omitted from the median count. See CRPL-F3?, page 9.

3

Values missing because of D are counted as equal to or greater than the upper limit of the recorder.

Values missing because of the G are counted: 1. For foF2, as equal to or less than foFl. 2. For h’F2, as equal to or greater than the median.

Values missing because of N are counted: 1. For foF2, as equal to or less than the median. 2. For h'F2, as equal to or greater than the median.

Values missing for any other reason are omitted from the median count.

c. For muf factors (M-factors):

Values missing because of G or 77 are counted as equal to or less than the median.

Values missing for any other reason are omitted from the median count.

d. For sporadic E (Es):

Values of fEs missing because of G (no Es reflections observed, the equipment functioning normally otherwise) are counted as equal to or less than the median foE, or equal to or less than the lower frequency count of the recorder.

Values of fEs missing for any other reason, and values of h'Es missing for any reason at all are omitted from the median count.

Beginning with data for November 1945, doubtful monthly median values for ionospheric observations at Washington, D. C., are indicated by paren¬ theses, in accordance with the practice already in use for doubtful hourly values. The following are the conventions used to determine whether or not a median value is doubtful:

1. If only four values or less are available, the data are considered insufficient and no median value is computed.

2. For the F2 layer, if only five to nine values are available, the median is considered doubtful. The E and FI layers are so regular in their characteristics that, as long as there are at least five values, the median is not considered doubtful.

3. For all layers, if more than half of the values used to compute the median are doubtful (either doubtful or interpolated), the median is considered doubtful.

The same conventions are used by the CRPL in computing the medians from tabulations of daily and hourly data for stations other than Washington, beginning with the tables in IRPL-F18.

4

MONTHLY AVERAGE AND MEDIAN VALUES OF

WORLD-WIDE IONOSPHERIC DATA

The ionospheric data given here in tables 1 to 4? and figures 1 to 94 were assembled by the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory for analysis and correlation, incidental to CRPL predictions of radio propagation con¬ ditions. The data are nedian values unless otherwise indicated. The following are the sources of the data in this issue:

Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Radio Research Board:

Brisbane, Australia Canberra, Australia Hobart, Tasmania

Australian Department of Supply and Shipping, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geophysical Section:

'"atheroo, 7. Australia

British Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Radio Research Board:

Lindau/Harz, Germany

New Zealand Radio Research Committee: Christchurch, New Zealand (Canterbury university College Observatory) Rarotonga I.

South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research: Capetown, Union of S. Africa Johannesburg, Union of S. Africa

Japanese Physical Institute for Radio Waves (under supervision of Supreme Commander, Allied Powers):

Fukaura, Japan Shibata, Japan Tokyo, Japan Wakkanai, Japan Yamaka, Japan

United States Army Signal Corps: Okinawa I.

National Bureau of Standards (Central Radio Propagation Laboratory): Baton Rouge, Louisiana Boston, Massachusetts Huancayo, Peru Maui, Hawaii

Palmyra I.

National Bureau of Standards (continued): San Francisco, California San Juan, Puerto Rico Trinidad, British West Indies Washington, D. C. White Sands, New Mexico

All India Radio (Government of India), New Delhi, India: Bombay, India Delhi, India Madras, India

Radio Wave Research Laboratory, Central Broadcasting Administration: Chungking, China Lanchow, China Nanking, China Peiping, China

The tables and graphs of ionospheric data are correct for the values reported to the CRPL, but, because of variations in practice in the inter¬ pretation of records and scaling and manner of reporting of values, may at times give an erroneous conception of typical ionospheric character¬ istics at the station. Some of the errors are due to:

a. Differences in scaling records when spread echoes are present.

b. Omission of values when foF2 is less than or equal to foFl, leading to erroneously high values of monthly averages or median values.

c. Omission of values when critical frequencies are less than the lower frequency limit of the recorder, also leading to erron¬ eously high values of monthly average or median values.

These effects were discussed on pages 6 and 7 of the previous F-series report IRPL-F5.

Ordinarily a blank space in the fEs column of a table is the result of the fact that a majority of the readings for the month are below the lower limit of the recorder. Blank spaces at the beginning and end of columns of h'Fl, foFl, h’E, and foE are usually the result of diurnal variation in these characteristics. Complete absence of medians of h'Fl and foFl is usually the result of seasonal effects.

The dashed-line prediction curves of the graphs of ionospheric data are obtained from the predicted zero-muf contour charts of the CRPL-D series publications. The following points are worthy of note:

a. Predictions for individual stations used to construct the charts may be more accurate than the values read from the charts since some smoothing of the contours is necessary to allow for the longitude effect within a zone. Thus, inasmuch as the pre¬ dicted contours are for the center of each zone, part of the discrepancy between the predicted and observed values as given in the F series may be caused by the fact that the station is not centrally located within the zona.

6

b. The final presentation of the predictions is dependent upon the latest available ionospheric and radio propagation data, as well as upon predicted sunspot number.

c. There is no indication on the graphs of the relative reliability of the data; it is necessary to consult the tables for such information.

The following predicted smoothed 12-month running-average Zurich sunspot numbers were used in constructing the contour charts:

Month Predicted Sunspot No. 1949 194? 1947 1946 1945

December 114 126 65 36 November 115 124 63 36 October 116 119 61 23 September 117 121 79 22 August 123 122 77 20 July 125 116 73 June 129 112 67 May 130 109 67 April 133 107 62 March 133 105 51 February 133 90 46 January 112 130 PB 42

IONOSPHERIC DATA FOR EVERY DAY AND HOUR

AT WASHINGTON, D. C.

The data given in tables 49 to 60 follow the scaling practices given in the report IRPL-C61, "Report of International Radio Propagation Conference," pages 36 to 39, and the median values are determined by the conventions given above under "Symbols and Terminology; Conventions for Determining Median Values."

IONOSPHERE DISTURBANCES

Table 61 presents ionosphere character figures for Washington, D. C., during January 1949, as determined by the criteria presented in the report IRPL-R5, "Criteria for Ionospheric Storminess," together with Cheltenham, Maryland, geomagnetic K-figures, which are usually covariant with them.

Table 62 lists for the stations whose locations are given the sudden ionosphere disturbances observed on the continuous field intensity record¬ ings made at the Sterling Radio Propagation Laboratory during January 1949.

7

Table 63 lists for the stations whose locations are given the sudden ionosphere disturbances observed at the Brentwood and Somerton, England, receiving stations of Cable and tireless, Ltd., for December 23 and 30, 1948.

Table 64 lists for the stations whose locations are given the sudden ionosphere disturbances observed at the Point Reyes, California, Receiving Station of RCA Communications, Inc., for January 14, 15, and 23, 1949.

Table 65 lists for the stations whose locations are given the sudden ionosphere disturbances observed at the Platanos, Argentina, receiving station of the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation for December 3? 7, 9, 20, 23, 24, and 27, 1948.

Table 66 gives provisional radio propagation quality figures for the North Atlantic and North Pacific areas, for 01 to 12 and 13 to 24 GCT, December 1948, compared with the CRPL daily radio disturbance warnings, which are primarily for the North Atlantic paths, the CRPL weekly radio propagation forecasts of probable disturbed periods, and the half-day Cheltenham, Maryland, geomagnetic K-figures.

The radio propagation quality figures are prepared from radio traffic and ionospheric data reported to the CRPL, in a manner basically the same as that described in IRPL-R31, "North Atlantic Radio Propagation Disturb¬ ances, October 1943 through October 1945," issued February 1, 1946. The scale conversions for each report are revised for use with the data beginning January 1948, and statistical weighting replaces what was, in effect, subjective weighting. Separate master distribution curves of the type described in IRPL-R31 were derived for the part of 1946 covered by each report; data received only since 1946 are compared with the master curve for the period of the available data. A report whose distribution is the same as the master is thereby converted linearly to the Q-figure scale. Each report is given a statistical weight which is the reciprocal of the departure from linearity. The half-daily radio propagation quality figure, beginning January 1948, is the weighted mean of the reports re¬ ceived for that period.

These radio propagation quality figures give a consensus of opinion of actual radio propagation conditions as reported by the half day over the two general areas. It should be borne in mind, however, that though the quality may be disturbed according to the CRPL scale, the Cause of the disturbance is not necessarily known. There are many variables that must be considered. In addition to ionospheric storminess itself as the cause, conditions may be reported as disturbed because of seasonal characteristics such as are particularly evident in the pronounced day and night contrast over North Pacific paths during the winter months, or because of improper frequency usage for the path and time of day in question. Insofar as possible, frequency usage is included in rating the reports. Where the actual frequency is not shown in the report to the CRPL, it has been assumed that the report is made on the use of optimum working frequencies for the path and time of day in question. Since there is a possibility that all the disturbance shown by the quality figures is not due to iono¬ spheric storrainess alone, care should be taken in using the quality figures in research correlations with solar, auroral, geomagnetic, or other data. Nevertheless, these quality figures do reflect a consensus of opinion of actual radio propagation conditions as found on any one half day In either of the two general areas.

8

AMERICAN AND ZURICH PROVISIONAL RELATIVE

SUNSPOT NUMBERS

Table 67 presents the daily American relative sunspot number, R^, computed from observations communicated to CRPL by observers in America and abroad. Beginning with the observations for January 194?, a new method of reduction of observations is employed such that each observer is assigned a scale-determining "observatory coefficient," ultimately referred to Zurich observations in a standard period, December 1944 to September 1945, and a statistical weight, the reciprocal of the variance of the observatory coefficient. The daily numbers listed in the table are the weighted means of all observations received for each day. Details of the procedure will be published shortly. The American relative sunspot number computed in this way is designated R/x. It is noted that a number of observatories abroad, including the Zurich observatory, are included in R^. The scale of R;l was referred specifically to that of the Zurich relative sunspot numbers in the standard comparison period; since that time, R^ is .influenced by the Zurich observations only in that Zurich proves to be a consistent observer and receives a high statistical weight. In addition, this table lists the daily provisional Zurich sunspot numbers, Rz.

SOLAR CORONAL INTENSITIES OBSERVED

AT CLIMAX, COLORADO

In tables 6?a and 68b are listed the intensities of green (5303A) line of the emission spectrum of the solar corona as observed during January 1949 by the High Altitude Observatory of Harvard University and the University of Colorado at Climax, Colorado, for east and west limbs, respectively, at 5° intervals of position angle north and south of the solar equator at the limb computed to the nearest 5°. A correction, P, as listed, has been applied to the position angles of the actual observa¬ tions which were on astronomical coordinates. The time of observation is given to the nearest tenth of a day, GCT. The tables of coronal observa¬ tions in CRPL-F29 to F4l listed the data on astronomical coordinates; the present format on solar rotation coordinates is in conformity with the tables of CRPL-1-4, "Observations of the Polar Corona at Climax, 1944-46."

Tables 69a and 69b give similarly the Intensities of the first red (6374A) coronal line; tables 70a and 70b list the intensities of the second red (6704A) coronal line. The following symbols are used in tables 68, 69, and 70: a, observation of low weight; corona not visible; and x, position angle not included in plate estimates.

TABLES OF IONOSPHERIC DATA

9

Talle 1

Washington, D.C. (39.0°N, 77.5°W) January 19/,9

Time h‘F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h'2 f°£ CEs F2-r.nooo

00 270 4.2 2.9 01 2?0 4.1 2.E 02 270 4.0 2.9 03 260 3.9 2.9 04 250 4.0 2.9 05 250 3.7 2.9 06 250 3.3 3.0 07 250 4.1 3.0 C? 220 7.6 130 2.2 3.4 09 220 0.4 110 2.7 3.3 10 225 10.6 210 ICO 3.1 3.2 3.2 11 230 11.? 220 100 3.4 2.9 3.2 12 230 12.1 210 100 3.4 3.1 13 235 12.0 210 ICO 3.4 3.1 14 230 11.5 210 100 3.2 3.0 15 230 11.5 220 100 3.0 3.1 16 230 11.3 110 2.6 1.9 3.1 17 220 (10.6) 130 2.0 2.0 3.1 1? 210 (9.4) 3.1 19 220 ?.0 3.1 20 220 6.6 3.0 21 230 5.1 3.0 22 250 4.7 2.9 23 250 4.7 2.9

Time: 75.0°W. Sweep: 1.0 Me to 25.0 Me in 15 seconds.

Table 2

Lindau/Harz, Germany (51.6°N, 10.1°^) December 1948

Time: 15.0°£. Sweep: 1.4 Me to 16.0 Me in 7 minutes.

Boston, Massachusetts (42.4 N, 71,2 W) December 1948 San Francisco, California (37.4°N, 122.2°W) December 1948

h1F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl f°£ fSs F2-?.nOOO

00 01 02

03 04 05 06 07 00 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 lb 17 18 19 20 21 22' 23

285 275 272 250 242 250 260 240 225 230 240 245 248 240 242 232 225 230 235 240 248 260 275 282

4.4 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.0 5.8 9.0

10.6 10.9 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.2 11.3 10.8 10.0 8.1

6.8 5.8 5.0 4.8 4.6

1.2

2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 -3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6

Time: 75.0°W. Sweep: 0.8 Me to 14.0 Me in 1 minute.

Tlr.»e: 120.0°W. Sweep: 1.3 Me to 18.0 Me in U minutes 30 seconds.

10 Table 6 Table 5

White Sands, New Mexico (72.3°N, 106.5°W) December 1948

Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h'E f°E fEs F2 -:,nooo

00 300 3.2 2.8 2.6 01 280 3.3 3.1 2.7 02 280 3.5 2.9 2.7 03 270 3.6 2.9 2.7 04 260 3.5 2.6 2.8 05 280 3.4 2.6 2.6 06 280 3.4 2.6 2.7 07 260 6.0 (1.8) 2.9 3.0 08 240 9.5 120 2.5 3.2 3.2 09 240 10.4 120 3.0 3.9 3.2 10 230 10.9 120 3.3 3.9 3.1 11 230 11.6 120 3.5 4.3 3.0 12 240 12.1 120 3.5 3.0 13 240 11.8 120 3.5 4.6 2.9 14 240 11.5 no 3.3 4.4 2.9 15 240 11.2 110 2.9 4.1 3.0 16 230 10.6 115 2.5 3.8 3.0 17 220 9.6 3.7 3.0 18 220 7.2 3.4 (3.0) 19 230 6.3 3.8 3.1 20 230 4.6 3.3 3.1 21 250 3.4 3.3 3.1 22 270 3.1 3.3 2.8 23 300 3.1 3.3 2.6

Time: 105.0°W. Sweeps 0.78 Me to 14.0 Me in 2 minutes.

Baton Rouge, Louisiana (3Q.5°N, 91.2°'*) December 1948

Time: 90.0°*.

Sweep: 2.12 Me to 15.3 Me In 8 minutes 30 seconds, automatic operation

Table 7 Table P

Okinawa I. (26.3°H, 127.?°E) December 1948 Maul, Hawaii (20.8°H, 156.5°W) December 1948

Time: 135.0°E. Sweep: 3.2 Me to 18.0 Me in 15 minutes, manual operation.

Tims: 150.0°W. Sweep: 2.2 Me to 16.0 Me in 1 minute; above 16.0 Me, manual operation.

Table 9 Table 10

San Juan, Puerto Rico (18.4°N, 66.1°tf) December 1948 Trinidad. Brit. West Indies (10.6°M, 61.2°W) December 1948

Time: 60.0°*. Sweep: 2.8 Me to 13.0 Me in 9 minutes, supplemented by manual operation.

Time: 60.0°W. Sweep: 1.2 Me to 18.0 Me, manual operation.

Table 11 Table 12

Palmyra I. (5.9°», 162.1°W) December 1948 Huancayo, Peru (12.0°S, 7o.3°W) December 1948

Time h'F2 r°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h’E f°E fEs F2-;.nooo

00 250 9.2 4.0 (3.0) 01 250 (8.0) 3.7 (3.0) 02 260 (6.8) 3.0 (2.9) 03 270 6.1 2.8 (2.8) 04 260 5.9 3.2 (2.9) 06 250 5.4 2.9 3.0 06 280 5.2 2.6 2.8 07 280 8.2 140 2.4 3.3 2.8 08 250 11.5 120 3.1 3.8 2.8 09 250 13.0 240 120 3.6 4.0 2.7 10 280 13.5 230 120 3.8 2.5 11 280 12.8 230 120 4.1 2.4 12 280 12.4 220 120 4.0 2.4 13 27C 12.4 220 120 4.1 2.4 14 270 12.4 220 120 3.8 4.1 2.4 16 255 13.0 200 4.0 120 3.6 3.9 2.4 16 250 13.5 200 3.6 120 3.3 4.2 2.5 17 260 13.8 130 2.0 4.3 2.6 18 280 13.8 160 3.8 2.7 19 300 13.7 3.8 2.6 20 290 14.0 3.4 (2.5) 21 270 13.4 3.6 2.6 22 270 12.4 4.0 2.8 23 250 11.3 4.5 (2.9)

Time: 157.5°W. 3weep: 1.0 Me to 13.0 Me in 1 minute 38 seconds, automatic operation;

13.0 Me to 18.0 Me, manual operation.

Time: 75.0°W.

Sweep: 16.0 Me to 0.5 Me in 15 minutes, automatic operation.

12 Table 13 Table U

Lindau/Harz, Germany (bl.6°N, 10.1°E) November 1948

Time: 15.0°E. Sweep: 1.0 Me to 16.0 Me in 12 minutee.

Peiping, China (39.9°N, 116.4°E) November 1948

Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f^Fl h'E f°E fEa F2-.U-)000

00 01 02 5.8 03 6.3 04 5.7 05 5.3 06 5.3 07 7.1 08 09 10 12.0 11 12.C 12 12.0 13 12.3 14 11.8 15 11.7 16 17 18 9.2 19 8.3 20 7.4 21 7.0 22 6.4 23 5.8

Time: 120.0°E. Sweep : 2.3 Me to 15.0 Me in 15 minutes, manual operation.

Table 1$

Chungking, China (29.4°N, 106.8°E) November 1948

Table 16

Okinawa I. (26.3°N. 127.7°E) November 1948

Time

00 01 02 03 C4 06 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

h«F2 h»Fl f°Fl f°E fga F2-?.n000

9.0 8.3 8.0 6.4 5.6 3.8 3.9 7.5

11.2 13.0 13.8 14.0 14.3 15.3 15.7 15.6 16.0 15.1 14.5

(14.0) (14.9) 14.0

(11.6) 10.0

3.2 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.4

2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.8

(3.1) (3.3) (3.2) 3.1

(3.0) 2.9

(2.9) (2.9) (2.9) (3.0) (3.0) (3.0) (2.9) (2.9) (3.0) (3.1)

3.0

Time: 105.0°D. Sweep: 1.5 Me to 20.0 Me in 15 minutee, manual operation.

Tim.: 136.0°E.

Sweep! 3.2 Me to 18.0 Me in 15 minutee, manual operation.

Table If

13

Table 17

Johannesburg, Union of S.africa (36.2°5, 28.0°E) November 1948

Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h* E f°E fEs F2-:.H000

00 (375) 7.0 1.7 2.8 01 (260) 6.5 2.8 02 (260) 5.9 2.8 03 (360) 5.5 3.8 04 (270) 5.3 2.7 05 280 5.6 2.8 06 250 7.6 240 110 2.4 3.1 07 25C ft.8 230 110 3.0 2.9 08 265 10.0 210 4.4 110 3.4 2.8 09 300 10.6 210 5.5 13.0 3.7 3.9 2.7 10 320 11.0 200 5.8 110 (3.8) 4.0 2.6 11 350 11.7 200 5.9 110 (4.0) 4.1 2.6 12 340 12.0 310 5.9 no (4.1) 2.6 13 350 12.0 215 6.0 no 4.0 2.6 14 •350 12.0 220 6.0 no 3.9 2.6 15 330 11.8 330 5.9 no 3.7 2.7 16 310 11.5 230 5.1 no 3.4 3.5 2.7 17 380 11.1 235 100 2.9 3.3 2.7 18 250 10.9 100 2.1 2.3 2.8 19 240 10.5 2.4 2.8 20 240 9.7 2.0 2.8 21 250 8.8 2.1 2.8 22 (360) 8.0 1.9 2.8 23 (380) 7.3 1.6 2.7

Time: 30.0°E. Sweep : 1.0 Me to 15.0 Me in 7 seconds

Watheroo, W. euatralla (3Q.3°S, 115,9°2) November 1948

Time: 120.0°E.

Sweep: 15.0 Me to 0.6 He in 16 minutes, automatic operation.

Table 19

Capetown, Union of S. Africa (34.2°S, 18.3°E) November 1948

Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h1 E f°E fEs F2-.\H000

00 (390) 5.7 2.1 2.7 01 (390) 5.6 2.1 2.7 02 (390) 5.4 2.1 2.7 03 (390) 5.1 2.0 2.8 04 (380) 4.8 1.7 2.6 05 (300) 4.7 2.7 06 260 6.4 no 2.0 2.9 07 360 8.0 240 120 2.7 2.9 08 280 9.1 230 5.0 no 3.1 2.8 09 310 10.1 5.0 no (3.5) 2.7 10 340 10.6 (5.9) no 2.6 11 340 ' 11.1 5.7 no 2.6 13 350 (11.6) 6.1 no (2.6) 13 360 11.8 6,1 no (3.6) 14 350 11.8 5.8 no 2.6 15 340 11.6 5.8 no 2.6 16 330 11.2 5.5 no 3.4 3.6 2.7 17 300 11.0 230 4.0 no 3.1 2.7 18 270 10.7 245 no 2.7 2.8 19 250 10.0 no 2.0 2.9 20 240 9.0 2.1 2.9 31 (350) 7.9 2.5 2.9 33 (350) 7.1 2.3 2.8 23 (370) 6.4 2.0 2.8

Time: 30.0°E. Sweep: 1,0 Me to 15.0 Me in 7 seconds.

Table 20

Christchurch, New Zealand (43.5°3, 172.7°5) November 1948

Time: '172.5°E. Sweep: 1.0 Me to 13.0 Me.

I

14 M-lB -'1

Aakkanai, Japan (i5.4°N, 141.7° ii) October 1946

Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h'L, r°u r&> P2-:.:-coo

CO 290 4.8 2.6 2.6 01 300 4.6 2.3 2. 6 G2 290 4.4 2.2 2.6 03 290 4.6 2.1 2. 7

04 280 4.6 2.3 2.6 05 280 i.6 2.4 2.7 06 2.30 6.5 loo 1.7 2.5 3,0 07 »j2Q y.i lot) 2.4 2.7 3.2 08 210 11.3 211. loo 2.8 3.4 3.2 09 220 11.2 10C) 3.2 3. 7 3.1 1C 230 11.6 210 100 3.3 ' .5 3.2 11 230 12.2 210 100 3.4 3.9 (3.1; 12 2*tO 12.1 220 1 !0 3.4 3.7 3.] 13 245 11.8 225 100 3.4 3.6 3.1 14 240 11.6 100 3.2 3.2 3.0 15 220 11.4 100 2.8 3.4 3.1 16 200 10.5 TOO 2.5 2.9 3.2 17 210 9.4 1.8 3.1 3.2 18 210 8.4 3.0 3.0 19 215 7.2 3.2 3.0 2C 220 6.2 2.9 3.0 21 250 5.6 2. i 2. 4 22 270 5.3 ?.9 23 290 5.0 2. 7

line: 135.0°ji. Sweep: 1.0 He to 17.0 He, manual oper^ti^n.

Table 21

Peiping. Cnina (39.9°tl, 116.4°t) October 1948

Time: 130.0°lt. Sweop: 2.3 Me to 15.0 Me in 15 minute*.

?able 22

i’ukaura, Japan 13;.5°i£) October 1948

Time: 136.C°i. Sweep: 1.0 Me* to ’7. Me, manual 'Operation.

■r,jMe SZ

Time: 13b,0°ii. Sweep: 1.0 Me to 17.0 Me in 15 minute*, manual operation.

Table 25

15 Table 2h

Lanchow, China (36.1°N, 103.8°E) October 1948

Time-' 105.0°E.

Sweep: 2.4 Me to 16.0 Me in 15 minutes, manual operation.

Table 27

Time: 135.0°E.

Sweep: 1.2 Me to i.8.5 Me in 15 minutes, manual operation.

Tokyo, Japan (35.7°}J, 139.5°E) October 1946

Time-' 135.0°£.


Table 2?

Wanking, Ci.ina (3_.1°N, 119.0°£) October 1948

Time! 120.0°JB.


16

Table 29

Chungking, China (29.4°M, 106.8°S) October 1948

Time: 105.0°B.

Sweep: 1.5 Me to 20.0 Me in 15 mlnutee, manual operation.

Table ?C

Rarotonga I. (21.3°S» 169.9°«0 October 1948

Time: 1S?.6°W. Sweep: 2.0 Me to 16.0 Me. manual operation.

Table ?1

Briubane, Australia (27.5°S. 153.0°S) October 1946 Watnerco, W..iuetralia (^O.S0^. 115.9°S) October 1948

Time: 160.0°S. Sweep: 1.0 Me to 16.0 Me in 1 minute 55 seconds.

Time: 120.0oK. Sweep: 16.0 Me to 0.5 Me in 15 minutes, automatic operation.

17 Table 13 Table U

Canberra, Australia (35. 3°S. 149 0 .

.0 S) October 1948 Hobart . Tasmania (42.8°S. 147. 4°E) October 1948

Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl b'S f°E fEs F2-!,n000 Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h'E f°E fEs F2-;.nOOO

00 280 6.8 2.7 2.6 00 300 5.3 2.0 2.7

01 280 6.6 3.0 2.5 01 300 4.8 1.7 2.7 02 260 6.2 2.6 2.5 02 295 4.6 2.0 (2.9) 03 280 5.8 2.4 2.5 03 300 3.7 2.3 (2.8) 04 275 5.4 2.2 2.5 04 300 3.4 2.0 (2.7) 05 285 5.4 135 1.5 2.6 05 300 3.7 100 1.6 2.0 2.8 06 250 6.0 110 2.2 2.9 3.0 06 270 4.8 100 2.2 2.9 07 250 7.1 250 4.4 100 2.9 3; 4 2.9 07 270 5.6 250 4.1 100 2.7 3.0 08 250 7.4 240 4.6 100 3.2 2.9 08 335 6.0 250 4.5 100 3.1 2.8 09 290 8.2 220 5.0 100 3.5 2.8 09 380 6.5 230 4.8 100 3.4 2.8 10 300 9.1 210 5.0 100 3.6 2.8 10 370 7.2 220 4.9 100 3.5 2.7 11 300 9.4 200 5.2 100 3.7 2.7 11 380 7.2 200 5.0 100 3.7 2.8 12 300 10.1 200 5.2 100 3.8 2.7 12 350 7.6 210 5.0 100 3.7 2.8 13 300 9.4 200 5.2 100 3.8 2.7 13 360 8.0 220 5.1 100 3.7 2.7 14 300 9.5 205 5.0 100 3.6 2.7 14 330 0.3 220 5.0 100 3.5 2.8 15 240 9.1 220 5.2 100 3.5 2.7 15 335 8.2 230 5.0 100 3.4 2.8 16 240 9.0 100 3.2 2.7 16 300 8.1 240 4.8 100 3.2 2.8 17 250 9.0 100 2.7 3.2 2.8 17 255 8.4 250 4.5 100 2.7 2.8 18 250 8.7 120 2.0 3.2 2.8 18 260 8.5 100 2.0 2.9 19 250 8.8 2.7 19 250 8.2 125 1.5 2.9 20 250 8.1 2.0 2.6 20 240 7.7 2.2 2.8 21 270 7.6 2.8 2.6 21 260 7.0 2.6 2.8 22 270 7.5 2.5 2.6 22 270 6.2 1.8 2.8 23 280 7.1 2.7 2.6 23 295 5.8 2.7

Timet 160.0°B. Sweep: 1.0 Me to 16.0 Me In 1 minute 55 seconds.

Time: 150.0°E Sweep: 1.0 Me to 13.0 Me in 1 minute 55 seconds.

Table 15

Christchurch, He» Zealand (43.5°S, 172.7°S) October 1948 Lanchow, China (36.1°H,

Table 36

103.8°E) September 1948

Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h'E f°E fEs F2 -M3000 Time h'F2 f°F2 h'Fl f°Fl h'E f°S fEs F2-M1000

00 300 6.4 2,6 2.4 00 360 7.2 3.0 2.4 01 310 6.0 2.8 2.5 01 360 7.0 3.0 2.3 02 300 5.5 2.7 2.6 02 360 7.1 2.7 3.3 03 290 5.1 2.6 2.5 03 360 7.0 2.3 04 290 4.5 2.6 2.7 04 360 6.6 2.3 06 290 4.2 1.2 2.7 2.8 05 375 6.4 2.3 06 270 5.5 1.9 2.8 2.8 06 340 7.2 2.6 07 250 6.2 250 4.3 2.8 2.9 07 326 9.0 300 155 3.3 3.9 3.7 08 300 6.8 240 4.7 3.2 2.9 08 340 10.8 300 150 3.2 4.4 2.7 09 330 7.8 230 4.8 3.4 2.9 09 335 10.8 265 5.4 140 3.4 4.6 2.6 10 310 8.3 230 5.2 3.5 2.8 10 360 11.5 280 5.9 130 3.7 4.6 2.6 11 316 8.7 220 5.2 3.6 2.8 ii 380 12.6 280 6.0 4.6 2.4 12 300 8.8 235 5.3 3.6 2.7 12 380 13.0 280 4.6 2.6 13 290 9.3 230 5.2 3.6 2.8 13 380 12.9 280 4.6 3.4 14 260 9.1 230 5.0 3.5 2.8 14 380 12.8 280 6.4 4.7 3.4 15 255 9.0 240 4.8 3.4 2.8 15 380 13.0 290 5.9 140 3.6 4.4 2.4 16 250 8.8 240 4.3 3.0 2.7 16 360 12.8 300 140 3.2 4.1 3.4 17 260 8.8 2.6 2.7 17 340 12.5 310 140 3.0 4.0 2.5 18 270 8.9 1.5 2.7 2.7 18 340 11.7 300 4.1 2.6 19 260 9.0 2.6 2.6 19 320 10.5 3.8 2.5 20 270 8.5 2.5 3.6 20 (290) Uo.o) 3.6 (2.6) 21 380 7.9 2.6 21 320 8.7 3.2 2.6 22 280 7.4 2.5 22 340 7.8 3.3 3.3 23 290 7.0 2.6 2.4 23 360 7.4 3.3

Time 172.5°B Timet 106.0°B

Sweep: 1.0 Me to 13.0 Me. Sveept 2.4 Me to _16.0 Me in 15 minutes. manual operation.

16 Table S7

Nanking, China (32.1°N, 119.0°S) September 1948

Tima: 120.0°*. Sweep: 1.5 Me to 20.0 Me In 15 minute®, manual operation.

Delhi. India (28.6°N. 7?.1°E) S.pteaber 1948

Time: Local. Sweep: 1.8 Me to 16.0 Me in 5 minute®, manual operation. •Height at 0.83 foF2.

••Average values; other column®, median value®.

Table 39

Bombay, India (19.0°M, 73.0 5) September 1948

••

Tla.i Local. Sweep: 1.8 Me to 16.0 Me In 5 minute., annual operation, •Height at 0.83 foF2.

••Average value.; other enluane, median valuea.

Table AO

Madraa, India (13.0°N, 80.2°1) September 1948

Tiae: Local. Sweep: 1.8 Me to 16.0 Me la 5 dilutee, aanual operation. •Height at 0.83 foF2.

••average value®; other eoluoae, median valmee.

Table 41

19 Table 42

Rarotonga I. (21.3°S, 159.8°W) September 1948 Hobart, Tasmania (42.8°S, 147.4°E) September 1548

Time: 157.5°W.

Sweep: 2.0 Me to 16.0 Me, manual operation,

Time: 150.0 B.

Sweep: 1.0 Me to 13.0 Me in 1 minute 55 seconds

Table 4 3

Delhi, India (28.6°H, 77.1°B) August 1948

Sweep: 1.8 Me to 16.0 Me in 5 minutes, manual operation. •Height at 0.83 foF3.

••Average values; other columns, median values.

Bombay , India (19.0°H. 73.0°E)

Table 44

August 1948

• •

Time * f°F2 h'Fl f^Fl h'E f°E fEs F2-M3000

00 420 (12.4) 2.7

01 02 360 (9.7)

03 360 (7.3) 04 330 (6.0) 2.9 05 300 (5.6) 06 330 (7.2) 07 330 9.0 08 360 10.1 2.8 09 420 11.0 10 510 11.8 11 540 13.0 12 540 13.6 2.3 13 640 14.0 14 540 14.0 15 540 14.2 16 610 14.4 2.4 17 480 14.5 18 480 14.4

19 480 13.8 20 480 13.6 2.4 21 480 13.2 22 480 12.1 2.4 23 480 12.3

Time! Local. Sweep: 1.6 Me to 16.0 Me in 5 minutes, manual operation. •Height at 0.83 io?2.


20 Table 45 Table 46

Madras, India (13.0°N, 80.2°E) AU«U3t 1948 Delhi, India (28.6°M. 77.1°S) July 1948

Time: Local. Sweep: 1.8 Me to 16.0 Me in 5 minutes, manual operation. •Height at 0.83 foF2.


Time: Local. Sweep: 1.8 Me to 16.0 Me in 5 minutes, manual operation. •Height at 0.83 foF2.


Table Ll

Bombay, India (19.0°H, 73.0°E) July 1948 Madras, India (13.0°N. 80.2°E) July 1948

Time: Local.

Sweep: 1.8 Me to 16.0 Me in 5 minutes, manual operation. •Height at 0.83 foF2.


Time: Local. Sweep: 1.8 Me t" 16.0 Me in 5 minutes, manual operation. •Height at 0.83 foF2.


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Table 6l

Ionospheric Storminess at Washington. D. C.

January 1949

Day Ionospheric 00-12 GOT

character* 12-24 GCT

Principal storms Beginning End

GCT GCT

Geomagnetic 00-12 GCT

character** 12-24 GCT

1 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 5 3 3 1 3 1 1 4 1 7

«✓ 0 1 5 2 1 1 6 2 l 2 1 7 2 l 3 2 8 2 l 2 3 9 2 2 3 3

10 2 1 2 2 11 3 2 3 3 12 3 2 2 3 13 2 2 3 2 14 2 2 2 1 15 2 2 1 2 16 2 1 2 2 17 0 2 2 2 18 1 1 3 3 19 C 1 3 2 20 1 1 2 2 21 2 1 3 2 22 1 1 3 1 23 1 1 1 2 24 1 1 2 4 25 4 4 oooo 6 7 26 4 1 —- 1200 7 3 27 4 1 0500 1200 4 2 28 2 2 2 2 29 1 1 2 2 30 1 1 1 1 31 1 2 1 2

^Ionosphere character figure (1-figure) for ionospheric storminess at Washington, D. C., during 12-hour period, on an arbitrary scale of 0 to 9, 9 representing the greatest disturbance.

**Average for 12 hours of Cheltenham, Maryland, geomagnetic K-figures on an arbitrary scale of 0 to 9, 9 representing the greatest disturbance.

—Dashes indicate continuing storm.

34

Table 62

Sudden Ionosphere Disturbances Observed at Washington. D. C.

January 1949

1949 GCT Relative intensity

Day Beginning End Location of transmitters' at minimum*

Other phenomena

January 15 1945 2025 Ohio, D.C. 0.05

15 2154 2215 Ohio, D.C. 0.3 Terr.mag.pulse**

16 1658 1715 Ohio, D.C., England 0.1

2149-2155

19 2025 2100 Ohio, D.C. 0.2 Terr.mag.pulse**

20 1730 1755 Ohio, D.C., England 0.1

2023-2040 Solar flare*** 2030

Terr.mag.pulse**

20 1902 1940 Ohio, D.C., England 0.1 1727-1750

24 1545 1600 Ohio, D.C., England 0.3

25 2043 2100 Ohio, D.C. 0.1

31 1946 2020 Ohio, D.C. 0.05

♦Ratio of received field intensity during SID to average field intensity before and after, for station W8XAL, 6080 kilocycles, 600 kilometers distant.

**As observed on Cheltenham magnetogram of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

♦♦♦Time of observation at McMath-Hulbert Observatory, Michigan.

Table 63

Sudden Ionosphere Disturbances Reported by Engineer-in-Chief.

Cable and Wireless. Ltd., as Observed in England

1948 Day

GCT Beginning End

Receiving station Location of transmitters

December 23 1215 1300 Brentwood Austria, Bahrein I., Belgian Congo, Bulgaria,

23 1215 1240 Somerton

Canary Is., Chile, Greece, India, Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malta, Palestine, Portugal, Southern Rhodesia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Trans-Jordan, Turkey, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia, Zanzibar

Aden, Argentina, Ascension I., Australia,

30 1600 1620 Sorrier ton

Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Ceylon, China, Egypt, Gold Coast, India, Malay States, New York, Union of S. Africa

Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, New York

35

Table 64

Sudden Ionosphere Disturbances Reported by

RCA Communications. Ire., as Observed

at Point Reyes. California

1949 GOT Day Beginning End Location of transmitters

January U

1 1 1 0

1

%

0

c-\ -N

. O

1 1

China, Chosen, Japan, Philippine Is.

15 2153 2230 Australia, Hawaii, Japan, Philippine Is.

23 0120 02?0 Australia, Hawaii, Japan, Philippine Is.

Table 65

Sudden Ionosphere Disturbances Reported by

International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation.

as Observed at Flatanos. Argentina

194? GCT Day Beginning End Location of transmitters

December 3 1345 1420 Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Denmark,

England, Germany, New York, Peru, Switzerland, Venezuela

7 1355 1410 Bolivia, Prazil, Chile, Denmark, England, New York, Switzerland, Venezuela

9 1154 1225 Brazil, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, New York, Spain, Venezuela

20 172S 1755 Bolivia, Prazil, Chile, Denmark, England, France, New York, Spain, Venezuela

23 1215 1330 Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Denmark, England, Germ,any, Italy, Netherlands, New York, Peru, Switzerland, Venezuela

24 1643 1710 Brazil, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, New York, Peru, Spain

27 1430 1445 Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Denmark, England, Germany, New York, Peru, Switzerland, Venezuela

27 1713 1725 Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Netherlands, New York, Peru, Spain, Venezuela

Note: Observers are invited to send to the GRPL information on times of beginning and end of sudden ionosphere disturbances for publication as above. Address letters to the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.

36 Table 66

Provisional Radio Propagation Quality Figures (Including Comparisons with CRPL Warnings and CRPL Probable Disturbed Period Forecasts)

December 1948

Day

Horth Atlantic North Pacific

Quality figure

CRPL* Warning

CRPL** Forecast of probable disturbed Deriods

Geo¬ mag¬ netic

KCh

Quality figure

CRPL* Warning

CRPL** Forecast of probable disturbed

Deriods

Geo¬ mag¬ netic

*Ch

8 c!>

C\) —4

1 —i o 1

3-2

4

GC

T

8 o

CNJ ^ rH eg

A A c. «-»

8 ci> eg rH

1 rH o 1

3-2

4

GC

T

B ci>

eg i

r—i o 1

3-2

4

GC

T

8 8 O c!> eg h eg A A O f* 0

1-1

2

GC

T

6 ci> ** eg r4 rH

1 7 7 1 1 6 5 1 1 2 6 7 2 1 7 5 2 1 3 6 6 3 0 6 6 3 0 4 6 6 1 1 6 5 1 1 5 7 7 2 1 6 6 2 1 6 8 7 3 4 6 5 3 4 7 6 6 X X 4 3 5 (4) X X 4 3 8 7 6 X 2 2 5 5 X 2 2 9 6 7 2 1 5 5 2 1

10 7 6 1 2 5 6 1 2 11 7 6 3 2 5 6 3 2 12 6 7 1 0 6 5 1 0 13 6 6 1 3 6 5 1 3 14 5 6 X X 4 3 5 6 X X 4 3 15 5 6 X 2 2 6 5 X 2 2 16 6 6 X 2 3 6 5 X 2 3 17 6 7 X X 2 1 6 5 X X 2 1 18 6 6 2 1 5 6 2 1 19 6 6 2 1 7 5 2 1 20 6 6 1 2 5 6 1 2 21 6 6 3 3 6 5 3 3 22 6 6 X X 3 1 5 (3) X X 3 1 23 6 6 X 1 2 6 6 X 1 2 24 6 7 3 2 6 7 3 2 25 6 6 X 3 4 6 5 X 3 4 25 6 6 X X 2 1 6 5 X X 2 1 27 6 5 2 2 6 5 2 2 28 6 7 0 1 6 6 0 1 29 6 6 2 2 5 6 2 2 30 5 6 2 4 5 5 2 4 31 5 5 X 4 3 5 6 X 4 3

Score: U 0 0 1 1 M 0 0 1 1 0 24 23 24 22

(S) 2 2 3 6 s 1 5 6 2 1

L •Broadcast on WWV, Washington, D. C.

as broadcast, ••In addition to dates marked X, tne

day on forecasts more than eight days in

Times of warnings recorded to nearest half day

following was designated as a probable disturbed advance of said date: December 18.

Quality Figure Scale: 1 - Useless

2 - Very poor 3 - Poor 4 - Poor to fair 5 - Fair 6 - Fair to good 7 - Good 8 - Very good 9 - Excellent

Symbols: X Warning given or

probable disturbed date

H Quality 4 or worse on day or half day of warning

M Quality 4 or worse on day or half day of no warning

ft Quality 5 or better on day of no warn¬

ing

(S) Quality 5 on day of warning

S Quality S or better

on day of warning

( ) Quality 4 or worse (disturbed)

Geomagnetic on the standard scale of 0 to 9, 9 representing the greatest disturbance

37

Table 67

American and Zlirlcb Provisional Relative Sunsoot Numbers

January 1949

Date V V* Date V RZ**

1 128 108 17 212 143

2 144 95 18 217 161

3 112 82 19 221 177

4 111 88 20 221 169

5 103 70 21 187 167

6 105 87 22 182 153

7 124 91 23 179 158

8 135 94 24 182 152

9 145 106 25 169 152

10 155 118 26 139 139

11 147 109 27 117 90

12 130 114 28 109 86

13 166 122 29 95 80

14 165 125 30 127 90

15 158 118 31 185 119

16 183 138 Mean: 153*3 119.4

■^Combination of reports from 46 observers; see page 8. **Dependent on observations at Zurich Observatory and its

stations at Locarno and Arose.

38 TaVle_ 68 a

Coronal observations at Climax, Colorado (5303A) , east limb

Date Degrees north of thi solar equator 0° Degrees south of the solar equator

GCT 90 85 8o 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 9-3

19/9 Jan. 6.8 X X X X X X X 9 9 lc. 18 17 13 20 85 88 18 19 19 13 18 18 16 10 8 6 2 2 0

7.8 - - - - - 9 3 e; b IS 8/ >3 9 9 33 35 30 ’5 9 9 99 81 99 27 16 12 10 6 /, 3 3 9 0 11.9 X - - - - - - 3 7 n 10 80 ->Q 85 17 15 13 31 9 13 15 89 20 13 8 8 8 4 3 3 2 - - - - - *

I?.* 3 - - - - - ? / A 6 1 8 1 / 33 75 84 86 90 99 20 87 9<* 30 '0 83 80 15 3 9 13 10 5 3 9 - - - - - #

13.8 3 / 7 9 10 18 13 3 5 14 1/ 13 17 16 15 15 14 1.8 31 5 7 9 3 9 9 9 9 - - - *

17.8 3 / 8 8 33 13 1/ O 10 15 16 1/ 12 12 9 3 3 7 6 4 3 ft 19.7 1 9 3 3 O 3 4 7 10 13 9 17 13 9 8 4 #

81.7 - - 3 1 9 y /, b =; 9 9 10 13 18 9/ 87 80 83 39 85 21 15 15 11 9 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 9 9 3 «

85.3 ■> r 10 1/ 3 3 3 8 19 83 20 13 99 13 13 11 8 6 5 5 4 2 - - - -

99.8 - - 9 •c. 9 3 4 5 4 3 3 8 11 19 13 12 13 31 12 14 16 ?5 98 14 14 13 3 9 «

♦Beginning January 11, m»esurements are made directly on solar rotation coordinates.

Tal le ■' Qa

Coronal observations at Climax, Colorado ' (6374A) . east limb

ate Degrees north of the solar equator 0° Degrees south of the solar equator p

GCT 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

1949 an. 6.8 X X X X X X X _ 10 9 3 9 13 10 8 10 2 9 5 14 12 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ «. 0

7.8 4 A 5 1 1 9 1 1 16 q 13 11 9 7 31 14 3 9 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 0

11.9 X _ 9 9 t\

3 3 2 3 1 _ 1 9 3 38 / / 4 4 3 1 1 5 8 9 1 1 8 3 3 1 1 2 1 9.3 9 3 /, 3 9 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 9 9 ?. 18 1 1 1 12 18 10 7 9 3 1 - - - - 1 1 1 “ 3

13.15 2 2 9 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 13 9 9 9 3 5 4 3 3 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 #

17.3 2 9 1 ■> _ _ _ _ - _ 1 1 9 O 12 10 9 1 3 33 12 9 3 3 1 1 - 3 1 1

19.7 1 1 2 3 4 1 3 9 1 1

81.7 2 4 10 l - - i 7 1 3 4 1 *

85.8 1 l 1 8 10 q 1 1 *

39.8 9 4 3 1 _

10 11 8 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ — — —

•Beginning January 11, measurements are made directly on solar rotation coordinates.

Table 70a

Coronal observations at Climax, Colorado (6704A), east limb

ate GCT

949

90 85

7.8 11.9 13.8 13.8 17.8 19.7

X X

X

31.7 35.8 39.8

Degrees north of the solar equator_ 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10~

XX XXX---1111111 -------11139 3-33 _________1 33391 ________looo233 --------lllllll ________-_lllll

---11139 ----1111 11111111

0 Degrees 3outh of the solar equator_ 5" 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40~ 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

1111111--

lllllll-- 11111221-

1193331-- 111393111 111111111 ----13 111 332111111

1111111131

‘Beginning January 3.1, measurements are made directly on solar rotation coordinates

o o

*

39 Table 68b

Coronal observations at Climax, Colorado (5303A). west limb

Date Degrees south of the solar equator Degrees north of the solar equator —

P GCT 90 85 S3 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 1949

Jan. 6.8 - „ _ 2 2 o 3 4 5 8 8 11 75 20 72 ’3 73 L8 19 19 19 20 19 15 10 5 4 4 3 X X X X X X 0 7.8 - - - ? ? 3 3 4 5 5 b b 10 17 50 75 30 3’ OO p3 74 ->4 OO 16 14 12 11 8 7 5 5 4 4 - - - - 0

11.9 2 3 3 3 3 4 7 10 14 ’3 15 13 12 10 12 15 17 14 13 8 7 6 5 3 2 2 X X X X X *

17.8 - - - - - 3 6 10 9 9 10 12 1? 18 27 31 15 9 r8 9 20 ’3 73 22 51 17 10 6 6 9 8 8 $ 9 5 4 3 «

13.8 - - - - - 4 6 6 7 8 10 11 15 19 73 22 19 10 10 14 14 14 10 12 13 10 3 6 5 3 3 - - - - - *

17.8 - - - - 2 3 3 4 5 5 3 9 10 12 15 22 24 24 14 4 4 6 8 9 10 8 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 - - - «

19.7 5 6 10 14 26 76 15 12 11 14 15 15 15 14 13 13 9 3 3 *

71.7 7 - - - - - - - 2 2 5 1C 70 70 ->U 0% 73 20 70 26 25 34 25 75 75 19 14 9 5 '>‘5.8 4 7 14 16 27 20 20 17 15 14 16 17 16 17 18 11 9 5 4 3 2 «

79.8 4 6 9 10 11 12 13 13 16 14 13 13 14 15 18 12 12 17 13 12 10 8 5 #

•Beginning January 11, measurements are made directly on solar rotation coordinates.

Table 69b

Coronal observations at Climax, Colorado (6374A), west limb

Date Degrees south of the solar equator 0° Degrees north of the solar equator

GCT 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 1949

Jan. 6.8 1 0 4 3 1 1 3 0 3 - - X X X X X X 0 7.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 7 10 6 7 8 8 3 1 - - 1 1 2 O 2 4 0

11.9 1 1 1 2 1 0 3 3 3 1 X X X X X * 15.8 0 1 1 0 O - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O * 13.8 1 1 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 - - 1 1 1 2 3 9 *

17.8 - - 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 4 4 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 #

19.7 3 2 0 3 0 1 3 4 15 14 1 ') 0 O 0 1 «

51.7 1 1 1 1 - - 1 3 / / 3 0 6 4 5 13 10 17 11 9 10 15 5 1 - 15 2 2 3?o 2 O 0 2 2 55.8 1 1 1 1 111 1 _ - 1 1 1 1 10 3 4 2 - 2 4 5 3 3 1 111 2 7 2 2 2 0 2 2 1 #

59.8 17 11 10 9 9 8 10 8 7 7 1- - - - 1 1 0 2 2 *

•Beginning January 11, measurements are made directly oh solar rotation coordinates.

Table 70b

Coronal observations at Climax, Colorado (6704A), west limb

40 GRAPHS OF IONOSPHERIC DATA

Fig. I. WASHINGTON, D. C.

39. 0°N, 77. 5°W_JANUARY 194 9

-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 3 Me.


-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 7 Me

Fig. 2. WASHINGTON, D C. JANUARY 1949

Fig. 3. LINDAU/HARZ, GERMANY

51.6°N, 10.1°E_DECEMBER 1948


-LIMITING FREQUENCY ■ 5 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY ■ 7 Me.

Fig,4. LINDAlj/HARZ, GERMANY DECEMBER 1948

41

UJO 5Z — UJ .

O*- 30 cr ^

cl o

—1 !LOCAL TIME

t A / 1 f=T s 0 0 2 0 4 c

u- 6

% C J. 8 0

J. 1 2

V 1 4

*■

1

<

6 —

8 2 0 2 2 0




ig 6 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS DECEMBER 1948

42 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

5 *

2 400

H

300 o LJ

X 200

< j? 100

cr

>

F2

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PE

RC

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OF

TO

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FO

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G

FR

EQ

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NC

Y

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LOCAL TIME

[ \ \ I \

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~r / — f \

f

r- \ / \ \

\ V / V. t \

\ \ / \„ --

/

— / /

\

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00




Fig. 10. WHITE SANDS, NEW MEXICO DECEMBER 194 8

43

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

5 *

h _ o 300 Ino data] UJ

1 200

3T

UA

5

o

>

\ LOCAL TIME

90

>- 80 UJO 52 - UJ hD70

l_ cr gu. 60

U.2 Op 50

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UJ UJ

a: ^

a. p “■ 20

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k

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i /\ / L* iA 00 02 04 06 08 10 2 14 16 18 20 22 00

F'g 14

— LIMITING FREQUENCY

LIMITING FREQUENCY

OKINAWA I.

= 5 Me

= 7 Me

DECEMBER 1948

00 0 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

5 ! |

2 400 "

- i- X 300 (S UJ ...

F2

—

1 200 — fT

< ^ IOC

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100 LOCAL TIME

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30 \ Q.O \ L AN,

1 L \ l

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limiting FREQUENCY = 3 Me

— — LIMITING FREQUENCY = 5 Me

- - LIMITING FREQUENCY • 7 Me

Fig. 16 MAUI, HAWAII DECEMBER 948

44

Fig. 17 SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO

18 4°N, 66. I°W_DECEMBER 194 8


-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 5 Mc.


Fig 18 SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DECEMBER 1948

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

5

^ 400

F~ F2

o 30 IxJ

< l£J

>

7 LOCAL TIME >

90 1 L \

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1-3 70

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L- Y / ir A. 7 L r

IT lL 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

LIMITING FREQUENCY = 3 Me


— LIMITING FREQUENCY 7 Me

Fig. 20 TRINIDAD, BRIT WEST INDIES DECEMBER 1948

46

00 02 04 06 00 10 2 14 16 18 20 22 00

s

2 400

o '00 /

F2 ' -J <

3 100 £T

H

>

LOCAL TIME

90

> 80 LUO 52 — LU •“ Z> 70 jO

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— LIMITING FREQUENCY 3 Me

— — LIMITING FREQUENCY 5 Me

—- — LIMITING FREQUENCY 7 Me

Fig. 26. LINDAU/HARZ, GERMANY NOVEMBER 194 8

47

Inc D XT A

00 02 04 06 08 10 12

-LIMITING FREQUENCY • 3 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY> 5 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY ■ 7 Me

Fig. 31. OKINAWA I.

/ rLOCAL TIME'

*

-

/

/ 1 \ r / s./

1 K2

4 7^

L. r- s

NOVEMBER 1948

48

00 02 04 06

5 *

2 400

|300 UJ

1 200 _l <

tool ir

> 0

100

90

> 00 U O 5Z — UJ ^0 70 jO <LJ L— CH

O0- 60 Ho u.Z or 50

H- A Z in UJ UJ Oh-

li.

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£j

LOCAL TIME

/

/• V . j

r \ .— V 7

7 V / t 1 r r j r

/ \ f \ /

/ f

/ j r

k "7 V" \ N k i /

— —

\




Fig 33 JOHANNESBURG U OF S AFRICA NOVEMBER 1948

50

Fig. 40. WAKKANAI, JAPAN

4 5.4°N, 141.7°E_OCTOBER 194 8



;-LIMITING FREQUENCY = 7 Me.

Fig. 41. WAKKANAI, JAPAN OCTOBER 1948

51

CO 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

2

Z 400

h* I 300 o Ixl

X 200 _J <

ioo tr > .

F2

FJ_

FI

1-INTERPOLATED F 1-LAYER VALUE

PE

RC

EN

TA

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OF

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A

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t >

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4 / ■N “N / \

T LI —

■> 1 T 1 i l A / K \V \

\ V 4 A j A A 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

-LIMITING FREQUENCY * 3 Me


-LIMITING FREQUENCY =■ 7 Me

Fig 46 SHIBATA, JAPAN OCTOBER 1948

53

00 02 04 06 08 0 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

5 *

virtual

heig

ht

in

o

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c >

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7 V T

/ u d i l / \ / 1 Y t

U - l 1

/" \j L 1 \ \ / /

- ^ r- V / \ / 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00




Fig. 52. YAMAKAWA, JAPAN OCTOBER 1948




Fig. 54. NANKING, CHINA OCTOBER 1948

54

UJ O 5Z — UJ

UJ5 o—. <- *- A

F2

\ - 1

\ 3= |--- INTERPOLATED E-LAYER VALUE”!

7 r~

/ LOCAL TIME

t V J \ 7

lL \

<L

/ \

L 1 \ j \

S- k / i \ f \ \ J 1 \ t \ / \

/ \ \\ T / ✓

Y’ \ / 1 ! -V-

T~ V 1

-.1 J di j. Li' V /

L j «r-

00 02 04 06 08 10

--LIMITING FREQUENCY = 3 Me

-LIMITING FREQUENCY= 5 Me


Fig. 56 CHUNGKING, CHINA OCTOBER 1948

55

Fig. 59. BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA

2?5°S, 153 0°E_OCTOBER 1948


-LIMITING FREQUENCY= 5 Me.

-LIMITING FREQUENCY => 7 Me.

Fig. 60 BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA OCTOBER 1948




Fig. 62. WATHEROO, W. AUSTRALIA OCTOBER 1948

56

Fig 63 CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA

35 3°S, 149 0°E 0CT08ER 194 8




Fig 64 CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA OCTOBER 1948

Fig 65. HOBART, TASMANIA

42 8°S , 1474aE OCTOBER 1948




Fig 66 HOBART, TASMANIA OCTOBER 1948

57




Fig. 68 CHRISTCHURCH, N.Z OCTOBER 1948 |


-LIMITING FREQUENCY • 5 Me.

-LIMITING FREQUENCY • 7 Me.

Fig. 70 LANCHOW, CHINA SEPTEMBER 1948

59

00 02 0 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 o !

2 1 |F2] 1 Z 500 _

_ CM

15400 1

ro

“ 300 o

t— ... ....

t—

^ ion zul U) 100 X

100 ' LOCAL TIME

90

UJ o 00

— UJ rD70 jO < £ 1— cc

60 —

U. 2- [il io DA FA] O50

o —, <3 40 H A

UJ UJ

Crr tO

20

10

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 6 18 20 22 00

Fig. 78.

LIMITING FREQUENCY

LIMITING FREQUENCY

LIMITING FREQUENCY

MADRAS, INDIA

= 3 Me.

■ 5 Me

* 7 Me.

SEPTEMBER 1948

60

Fig 79 RAROTONGA l.

21 3°S, I59.8°W SEPTEMBER 1948

z 400

H ^ 300 O UJ

1 200 J < ^ 100

<z

> 0

100

90

>80 UJ o 22 — UJ

70 jO

I— S'- 60

U-Z O- 50

- Ft s E3

ItJ

JJ

~T LOCAL TIME

/I \

\ T \ /

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, I71

r \ 1 / 1

\ 1

\ r- - z'

\ r \

1 > \

/ \ / \

00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14



-LIMITING FREQUENCY=7 Me

Fig 80 RAROTONGA !.

16 18 20 22 00

SEPTEMBER 1948

Fig. 81. HOBART, TASMANIA

42. 8°S, 147 4°E_SEPTEMBER 1948

-LIMITING

-LIMITING

-LIMITING

FREQUENCY = 3 Me.

FREQUENCY = 5 Me.

FREQUENCY= 7 Me

Fig.82. HOBART, TASMANIA SEPTEMBER 1948

62

Fig. 87. MADRAS, INDIA

13. 0°N, SO^E_AUGUST 1948

-LIMITING FREQUENCY - 3 Me.



Fig.88. MADRAS, INDIA AUGUST 1948

63

^ 00 0 2 04 06 08 1 0 12 14 16 18 20 22 00

F2

2 - 500 CM

/\ / r —

N A

^ 400 to

\ f V /

CD

O 300 '

" <

fcj: 200

O

£ 100

100 ■ 1 LOCAL TIME II

90

TO

TA

L T

IME

,

FR

EQ

UE

NC

Y

cn

-M

<x>

o

o

o

In D 0 AT b u_2 Op 50

wi CD —, < 40 H A

LULU Oh- 30 CL „ LU £ CL O

^ 20

10

00 02 04 06 08 10 1 2 14 16 18 20 22 00


- - LIMITING FREQUENCY = 7 Me

Fig. 92. BOMBAY, INDIA JULY 1948

-LIMITING

-LIMITING

-LIMITING

FREQUENCY = 3 Me.

FREQUENCY = 5 Me

FREQUENCY =7 Me

Fig 94. MADRAS, INDIA JULY 1948

u

Index of Tables and Graphs of Ionospheric Data

in CRPL-P54

Baton rouge, Louisiana December 194?

Bombay, India September 194? . . . August 194? ................ Inly 1p4? ...9 ....... ......

Boston, Lussachusetts December lc4? ...............

Brisbane, Australia October 194? ...............

Canberra, Australia October lc4? . .............

Capetown Union of S. Africa November 194? .....

Christchurch, New Zealand November 1°4? . . . , ......... October 194? ... , . .........

Chungking, China November 1°4? ......... . . . . October 194? .... ... . . . ,

Delhi, India September 194? ... ...... August 194? ...... ... . . .. July 194? . ..........

Fukaura, Japan ctober 194? ............. . .

iobart, Tas^ nia Ictober 194? .......... . .

September 194? ....... . . . . . Nuanca; o, Peru

December 194? ........ . . Johannes! ;rg, Union of S. Africa

No/ember 194? ............... Lanchow, China

October 194? ....... .... September 194? ........... . .

Lind.au/ larz, Oerranv December 194" .... . ........ November 194? ........ . . . . .

Madras, India September 194? ....... ..... August 194? ....... .... Julv 194? .............. . .

Table page-

10

1?

19 20

9

16

17

13

13 17

12 16

IB

19 20

14

17 19

11

13

15 17

Q

12

1?

20 20

Figure page

42

59 61

63

41

55

56

49

49 57

4,7 54

5? 61 62

50

56 60

45

4?

52 57

40 ■ f,

65

Index (CRPL-F54, continued)

Table page Figure pare

Maui, Hawaii Decer.ber 194? ............... 10 43

Nanking, China October 194?. 15 53 September 194?. 1? 5?

Okinawa I. December 194?. 10 43 November 194?. 12 4V

Palmyra I. December 194? ............... 11 45

Peiping, China November 194? ............... 12 46 October 194? 14 51

Rarotonga I. October 194? ............... 16 54 September 194? 19 60

San Francisco, California December 194? . 9 41

San Juan, Puerto Rico December 194? ......... . 11 44

Shibata, Japan October 194? ... . 14 51

Tokyo, Japan October 194? . 15 52

Trinidad, Frit, lest Indies December 194?.. 11 44

Wakkanai, Japan October 194?. . 14 50

Washington, D. C. January 1949 . 9 40

Natheroo, 1. Australia November 194?. 13 4? October 194?. 16 55

White Sands, New Mexico December 194? ......... 10 42

Yamakawa, Japan October 194? ............... 15 53

CRPL and IRPL Reports Daily:

Radio disturbance warnings, every half hour from broadcast station WWV of the National Bureau of Standards. Telephoned and telegraphed reports of ionospheric, solar, geomagnetic, and radio propagation data.

Weekly: CRPL-J. Radio Propagation Forecast (of days most likely to be disturbed during following month).

Semimonthly: CRPL-Ja. Semimonthly Frequency Revision Factors for CRPL Basic Radio Propagation Prediction Reports.

Monthly: CRPL-D. Basic Radio Propagation Predictions—Three months in advance. (Dept, of the Army, TB 11-499-,

monthly supplements to TM 11-499; Dept, of the Navv, DNC-13-1 ( ), monthly supplements to DNC-13-1.-)

CRPL-F. Ionospheric Data.

Quarterly: ♦IRPL-A. Recommended Frequency Bands for Ships and Aircraft in the Atlantic and Pacific. ♦IRPL-H. Frequency Guide for Operating Personnel.

Nonscheduled reports: CRPL-1-1. Prediction of Annual Sunspot Numbers. CRPL-1-2, 3-1. High Frequency Radio Propagation Charts for Sunspot Minimum and Sunspot Maximum. CRPL-1-3. Some Methods for General Prediction of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances. CRPL-1-4. Observations of the Solar Corona at Climax, 1944-46. CRPL-1-5. Comparison of Predictions of Radio Noise with Observed Noise Levels. CRPL-1-6. The Variability of Sky-Wave Field Intensities at Medium and High Frequencies. CRPL-7-1. Preliminary Instructions for Obtaining and Reducing Manual Ionospheric Records. NBS Circular 462. Ionospheric Radio Propagation. NBS Circular 465. Instructions for the Use of Basic Radio Propagation Predictions.

Reports issued in past: IRPL-C61. Report of the International Radio Propagation Conference, 17 April to 5 May 1944. IRPL-G1 through G12. Correlation of D. F. Errors With Ionospheric Conditions. IRPL-R. Nonscheduled reports:

R4. Methods Used by IRPL for the Prediction of Ionosphere Characteristics and Maximum Usable Frequencies. R5. Criteria for Ionospheric Storminess. R6. Experimental Studies of Ionospheric Propagation as Applied to the Loran System. R7. Second Report on Experimental Studies of Ionospheric Propagation as Applied to the Loran System. R9. An Automatic Instantaneous Indicator of Skip Distance and MUF. RIO. A Proposal for the Use of Rockets for the Study of the Ionosphere. Rll. A Nomographic Method for Both Prediction and Observation Correlation of Ionosphere Characteristics. R12. Short Time Variations in Ionospheric Characteristics. R14. A Graphical Method for Calculating Ground Reflection Coefficients. R15. Predicted Limits for F2-layer Radio Transmission Throughout the Solar Cycle. R16. Predicted F2-layer Frequencies Throughout the Solar Cycle, for Summer, Winter, and Equinox Season. R17. Japanese Ionospheric Data—1943. R18. Comparison of Geomagnetic Records and North Atlantic Radio Propagation Quality Figures—October

1943 Through May 1945. R19. Nomographic Predictions of F2-layer Frequencies Throughout the Solar Cycle, for June. R20. Nomographic Predictions of F2-layer Frequencies Throughout the Solar Cycle, for September. R21. Notes on the Preparation of Skip-Distance and MUF Charts for Use by Direction-Finder Stations. (For

distances out to 4000 km.) R22. Nomographic Predictions of F2-layer Frequencies Throughout the Solar Cycle, for December. R23. Solar-Cycle Data for Correlation with Radio Propagation Phenomena. R24. Relations Between Band Width, Pulse Shape and Usefulness of Pulses in the Loran System. R25. The Prediction of Solar Activity as a Basis for the Prediction of Radio Propagation Phenomena. R26. The Ionosphere as a Measure of Solar Activity. R27. Relationships Between Radio Propagation Disturbance and Central Meridian Passage of Sunspots Grouped

by Distance From Center of Disc. R28. Nomographic Predictions of F2-layer Frequencies Throughout the Solar Cycle, for January. R30. Disturbance Rating in Values of IRPL Quality-Figure Scale from A. T. & T, Co. Transmission Disturb¬

ance Reports to Replace T. D. Figures as Reported. R31. North Atlantic Radio Propagation Disturbances, October 1943 Through October 1945. R32. Nomographic Predictions of F2-layer Frequencies Throughout the Solar Cycle, for February. R33. Ionospheric Data on File at IRPL. R34. The Interpretation of Recorded Values of fEs. R35. Comparison of Percentage of Total Time of Second-Multiple Es Reflections and That of fEs in Excess of

3 Me. IRPL-T. Reports on tropospheric propagation:

Tl. Radar operation and weather. (Superseded by JANP 101.) T2. Radar coverage and weather. (Superseded by JANP 102.)

CRPL-T3. Tropospheric Propagation and Radio-Meteorology. (Reissue of Columbia Wave Propagation Group WPG-5.)

•Items beariDg this symbol are distributed only by U. S. Navy. They are issued under one cover as the DNC-14 series.

crpl-i of stortteflj* ubrary, n. vk.bldg. reference taken...vk.bldg. 1949 ionospheric data issued...

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