croton_ghg_wmpf_20100310

www.crotononhudson-ny.gov

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Village of Croton-on-Hudson New York

Community-Based Climate Action Strategies for the Westchester Municipal Planning Federation

10 March 2009

Leo Wiegman, Mayorwww.crotononhudson-ny.gov

Greenhouse GasHow to get an Emissions Baseline & What’s next?

http://www.crotononhudson-ny.gov/





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“If you cannot measure it,

you cannot improve it." — Lord Kelvin

Why measure?

How to do a GHG inventory: WMPF March 10, 2010



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What’s best for the economy


Outdoor Lighting (Holiday Lights Benedict Blvd.)2007 (energy cost from line 4.11 on Table 2) $4912008 (estimated cost of electricity) $500Cost of new LED lights

$1700Annualized cost of LED light (10 year lifespan) $1702009 (estimated electric bill of 1,600 new LED lights)

$125New annual cost $295Savings (each year)

$20541%

is also what is best for the

environment.




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How to do a GHG inventory

Engage hearts, heads, and hands





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Step #1: Know what your “Ask“ is!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.

• Power emissions•electricity purchased from grid

• Indirect emissions•solvents, commutation, fertilizer, waste stream, etc.

•Government

•Business

•Residential





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Step #2: Measure Easy Stuff first!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.



•Government

•Business

•Residential





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Step #3: Know what you missed!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.



•Government

•Business

•Residential





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Step #4: Use all hands on deck!3 streams x 3 sectors• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.



•Government

•Business

•Residential




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a holiday example...


photo courtesy of C. Romedenne

Outdoor Lighting (Holiday Lights Benedict Blvd.)2007 (energy cost from line 4.11 on Table 2) $4912008 (estimated cost of electricity) $500Cost of new LED lights

$1700Annualized cost of LED light (10 year lifespan) $1702009 (estimated electric bill of 1,600 new LED lights)

$125New annual cost $295Savings (each year)

$20541%

Holiday tree lights on Benedict Boulevard

2008: $500 for tree’s electricity2009: $295 for lights & power

Switching to LED lights will save us 40% every year.



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what’s our tonnes? (table)


Summary by Sector Emissions (tonnes of

CO2e)

(%) Energy (MMBt

u)

(%) Cost ($)

(%)

1. Buildings and Facilities 528 29.8% 6,525 37% $149,262 28%

2. Water Delivery Facilities 369 20.8% 3,583 20% $149,560 29%

3. Vehicle Fleet 415 23.4% 5,701 32% $126,894 24%

4. Streetlights & Traffic Signals 184 10.4% 1,699 10% $88,791 17%

5. Wastewater Facilities 24 1.4% 252 1% $9,269 2%

6. Indirect Emissions: Commuting, solvents, etc.

254 14.3% 0 0% $8,430 0%

Totals1,774 100% 17,760 100% $532,206 100%



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Mapping our emissions

Top 20 Emitters in

Village Operations

tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent

www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action (Fall 2009)



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What’s next? Immediate savings and more planning





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Step #5: Share data=Get results!3 streams x Gov. sector action• Direct emissions•vehicles, heating, combustion, etc.




2-3 year payoff for low-hanging fruit:

Firehouses Audit Municipal Bldg AuditWater Delivery AuditStreet Lighting Audit

Fleet & waste experiments

Fertilizer changes

•= used GHG data for this facililty to apply for NYSERDA RFP10 grant!




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Resources

Croton’s GHG report (Gov. sector for all 3 emission sources 12/2009)www.crotononhudsonny.gov/Public_Documents/CrotonHudsonNY_BComm/Croton_GHG_Inventory_v2007.pdf

Other Westchester GHG inventories:Town of BedfordTown of SomersVillage of Mt KiscoTown of New Castle...who am I missing....?

for more see: Northern Westchester Energy Action Consortiumwww.nweac.org




http://www.crotononhudsonny.gov/Public_Documents/CrotonHudsonNY_BComm/Croton_GHG_Inventory_v2007.pdf

http://www.crotononhudsonny.gov/Public_Documents/CrotonHudsonNY_BComm/Croton_GHG_Inventory_v2007.pdf

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my contact

info

Leo Wiegman, mayor

Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY

[email protected]


thank you!

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



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Appendix:Samples from slide deck we used for the GHG rollout in Croton with our residents and village

staff and volunteers



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Emission Inventory steps

www.icleiusa.org

Five-Milestone MethodologyFive-Milestone Methodology


http://www.icleiusa.org/

http://www.icleiusa.org/


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3 emission streams to track

This is what we examined: We asked 3 questions of each area:

1. Direct emission 1.What did it cost to operate this in 2007?2.How much stuff did we buy to run this? 3.How much emission did our stuff produce?

exhaust from vehicles (gas, diesel)

heating fuel combustion, etc.

2. Power emission

electricity from grid

3. Indirect emissions

employee commuting

solid waste disposal

fertilizer & solvent use, etc.

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3 sectors to count

Governmental Sector

Commercial Sector

Residential Sector

1. Direct emission

exhaust from vehicles

fuel oil combustion, etc.

2. Power emission

electricity from grid

3. Indirect emissions

employee commuting

solid waste disposal

fertilizer & solvent use, etc.

For a full inventory, 3 different sectors need to counted.

Croton will use

2010/2011 data for these 2

Croton

used 2007 data

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2007 emissions inventory


Energy: Operating Village government consumed 17.8 billion Btus in 2007

Expenses:$532,000

Emissions & Pollution:1,774 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent gas & 21 metric tonnes of other pollutants


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Mapping our emissions

Top 20 Emitters in

Village Operations

tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent



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what’s our tonnes? (table)


Summary by Sector Emissions (tonnes of

CO2e)

(%) Energy (MMBt

u)

(%) Cost ($)

(%)

1. Buildings and Facilities 528 29.8% 6,525 37% $149,262 28%

2. Water Delivery Facilities 369 20.8% 3,583 20% $149,560 29%

3. Vehicle Fleet 415 23.4% 5,701 32% $126,894 24%

4. Streetlights & Traffic Signals 184 10.4% 1,699 10% $88,791 17%

5. Wastewater Facilities 24 1.4% 252 1% $9,269 2%

6. Indirect Emissions: Commuting, solvents, etc.

254 14.3% 0 0% $8,430 0%

Totals1,774 100% 17,760 100% $532,206 100%


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what’s our tonnes? pie chart

The total cost of the energy consumed by each sector is displayed, together with the percent of the overall greenhouse gas emissions the energy consumption for that sector produced. We sorted these by largest to smallest emission source, with building and facilities as the #1 emitting sector. Notice that if we sort by largest to smallest cost, water delivery would be #1 most expensive sector, followed by buildings and facilities. (data is from table in prior slide)



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Some things we learned• In 2007, village employees travelled 412,000 miles

commuting an average of 24 miles roundtrip to/from their village jobs.

• In 2007, 1 metric tonne of fertilizer was spread on village fields that subsequently released 9.8 metric tonnes of greenhouse gases. (Every pound of fertilizer causes over 9 pounds of climate disruption emissions.)

• In 2007, our government’s solid waste actually helped reduce our “carbon footprint.” Why? It is burned in an energy from waste plant in Peekskill rather than landfilled.



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What does this data mean?

The Village will find ways to reduce its direct and indirect emissions by •seeking more efficient use of energy, •generating or purchasing more renewable energy, and •switching to cleaner fuels, and many other means.

For example, electrifying half our vehicle fleet would reduce our fleet fuel costs by $26,000 a year (a 20% savings). •But is it cost-effective or desirable to buy electric vehicles?



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What are the next steps?

Develop Croton’s reduction goals and plans1.Analyze the energy, cost and emission reduction options (efficiency measures, renewables sources, fuel switching, etc).

2.Determine the lowest cost way to achieve them.

3.Commit to a climate action plan, while safeguarding

taxpayers.

4. Invite home & business owners to participate in

community wide greenhouse gas inventory to include

private sector buildings & operations.



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Carbon Reduction Steps•Publish Baseline Emissions Report (Dec, 2009)

•Set reduction target for 2010 (Feb-Mar 2010)

•Develop 2010 climate action plan (Apr-May 2010)

•Low hanging fruit for 2010:

•Explore HVAC makeover of Municipal Bldg (#1 emitter of village’s 10 buildings)

•Lighting audit for street and muni parking lots.

•Purchase carbon offset credits from savings gained.



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“Doing nothing about climate change is far more expensive and

risky than taking strong pro-active and immediate measures.”

–Sir Nicholas Stern (2007) www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.ht

m

Why bother?


http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm



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#3: what citizens can do?Home Owners:Get a “Blower Door” home energy audit, by locating a “Home Performance Contractor” at the “Resource” page at www.getenergysmart.org

Faith Communities:Visit the New York Interfaith Power and Light for guidance on energy conservation and building energy audit for your buildings: www.nyipl.org

Businesses:Visit NYSERDA’s Commercial/Industrial web page for more on Flex-Tech and other programs: www.nyserda.org/programs/Commercial_Industrial/

More energy saving tips:www.askpsc.comwww.coned.com/customercentral/energysavings.aspwww.energystar.govwww.poweryourway.com


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#3: US family’s emission pieTypical US family’s annual greenhouse gas emissions

pie:

Fact: Each gallon (3.7 liters) of gasoline burned produces 19.4 pounds (8.8 kilograms) of carbon dioxide emissions. The average US automobile emits 5.7 tons (5,200 kilograms) of carbon dioxide per year.


(Adapted from: Vandenbergh et al (2008) Individual carbon emissions: low hanging fruit. UCLA Law Review.)See also http://behavioralwedge.msu.edu/

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#3: 7 low hanging family fruits#1. Reduce Engine Idling (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Restarting a warm engine consumes less fuel and emits less pollution than idling for 5 to 10 seconds.

#2. Maintain Tire Pressure (Cost: $10, Benefit: immediate) The USDOE estimates that vehicle gas mileage improves an average of 3.3 percent by inflating tires regularly to proper pressures.

#3. Replace Air Filters (Cost: about $30, Benefit: immediate)

Periodic air filter changes can save the vehicle owner anywhere from 7 to 10 percent in fuel mileage (as much as $240 per year).

#4. Reduce Standby Power (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Devices with remote controls, computer wireless networks, and home entertainment centers are big standby power hogs by drawing power on standby. Switch off their power strips at night.

#5. Install CFL Bulbs (Cost: $5 –$10, Benefit: immediate)

CFLs use 75% less electricity for the same amount of light and last two to four times longer.

#6. Lower Thermostat Settings (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Lowering the thermostat 2ºF in winter and raising it 2ºF in summer could save at least $125 a year in costs per household and add up to big emission reductions.

#7. Lower Water Temperatures (Cost: $0, Benefit: immediate)Lowering the water heater setting by 20°F would make very little difference in our comfort level and yield an everyday savings in energy and emissions. (Adapted from: Vandenbergh et al (2008) Individual carbon emissions: low hanging fruit. UCLA Law Review.) See also http://behavioralwedge.msu.edu/


32www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action

(Fall 2009)32

One small example: http://bit.ly/Croton_Firehouse_SolarPanels

33www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action

(Fall 2009)33

http://bit.ly/Croton_Firehouse_SolarPanels

The Grand Street Firehouse consumed 52,459 kWh in 2007 at a utility cost of $5,988. The solar electric panel may generate 20% or more of the building’s electricity in 2009-2010. (Clean energy output should be about 12,000 kWh and represents and 8,000 kg (17,600 pounds) of avoided CO2e emissions. NYPA provided a grant that paid for the PV panel. The Village bore the installation costs. .

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#2b: GHG report in 1 sentence

In 2007 Village of Croton-on-Hudson

•spent ~$532,000 on energy

•emitted ~1,774 tonnes of CO2e emissions

•consumed~17.8 billion Btus from all fuels.

Background info on energy costs:

•Since 2005, energy overall expenses rose ~20% to 2007.

•Since 2007, all fuels have become even more expensive.


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#2b: #1=Water Dept: 400,000 gallons/year

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Emission sources within Water Dept The dept-wide figures include water delivery total (369 t) plus heating/cooling for buildings operated by water dept (14 t) for 383 total tonnes.(Note on units: scale in tonnes is same for both figures; 1 metric tonne = 1 long ton = 2,204 pounds)

}www.crotononhudson-ny.gov Lessons from GHG Emissions Baseline Inventory: Communities & Climate Action

(Fall 2009)

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#2b: #2=DPW Dept: 7,455 tons/yr solid waste collected

Emission sources within DPW Dept (excluding street lighting)(Note on units: scale in tonnes is same for both figures; 1 metric tonne = 1 long ton = 2,204 pounds)

}


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#2b: #3=Fire Dept: 3 firehouses

Emission sources within Fire Dept:188 tonnes emitted by 3 Firehouses combined, compared with 191 tonnes from Mun. Bldg. with its 24/7 Police Station. (Note on units: scale in tonnes is same for both figures; 1 metric tonne = 1 long ton = 2,204 pounds)

}{


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Em

issi

ons

(lbs/

resi

dent)

Energ

y c

onsu

med (

kWh/r

esi

dent)

Energ

y c

ost

($/r

esi

dent)

Buildings &

Facilities

Vehicle

Fleet

Water

Delivery

Streetlights WastewaterIndirect

Emissions

Energy & costs per resident

Big “jumps” from energy to cost show up in those sectors MOST reliant on electricity which is MORE expensive per unit of energy consumed than other fuel sources: water and waste water (electric pumps).

Note on energy units:1 MMBtu =

1 millions Btus (therms) =293 kiloWatt-hours (kWh)


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Fuel cost per unit of energy

In 2007,•Electricity was the most expensive fuel per unit of energy ($44/MMBtu).•Electricity also varies the most (cheaper at night, & more during midday).•Average kilowatt-hour price Village paid NYPA for electricity was $0.15/kWh.•Natural gas is the least expensive ($11.79/MMBtu).

Note on energy units:1 MMBtu =

1 millions Btus (therms) =293 kiloWatt-hours (kWh)
