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CROMEMCO LISP

LISP is now available for Cromemco Z-80 based computersystems. LISP is a powerful programming language that wasdeveloped for artificial intelligence applications. LISPis widely used in a number of applications such as interactivedata-base systems; systems that understand natural language;systems for symbolic manipulation of mathematical expressions;intelligent controllers; computer-aided design; and designautomation. Programs written in LISP have also gained animpressive degree of acceptance in specialized domains such asinternal medicine, where a LISP program is used to assist indiagnosing diseases, and geology, where LISP programs are usedto assist in interpreting geological data.

Cromemco LISP incorporates many advanced features includingstandard control constructs such as COND, PROGN, CATCH/THROW,OR, AND, IF, DO, LET; complete string and character processingcapabilities; both fixed and floating-point arithmetic; afull complement of property-list functions which provide a powerfultool for constructing data bases, generalized I/O; the capabilityof interfacing with non-LISP procedures; a comprehensive librarywith over 150 utility functions; a table-driven, user-modifiableparser which allows the programmer to redefine the scanner and

define a new LISP syntax; and MACRO facilities which includeREAD macros and general macros.

Cromemco LISP also has a virtual storage capability inwhich an "autoload" feature allows infrequently used functionsand symbols to be stored on disk, allowing larger user programs.Comprehensive error trapping capabilities are also included in LISP.

Cromemco LISP is available on 5" (Model LSP-S) or 8" (Model LSP-L)floppy diskette together with complete documentation. LISP is thelatest in a long list of software that is now available for Cromemcocomputers. Cromemco software includes COBOL, FORTRAN, RPG 11, BASIC,a Macro Assembler, and many other packages. For additional informationplease contact Cromemco, Inc., 230 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View,CA 94043; (415) 964-7400.

MODEL Z2H/GSCOLOR GRAPHICS

SYSTEM

Management Information Display Ultrasonic heart sector scan High-resolution display with alphanumerics

A professional color systemA powerful computerA low price

PROFESSIONAL COLORDISPLAY

This new Cromemco system gives Finally, the system is fast and ver-a degree of resolution and other satile. It contains two special pages of

The Cromemco Color Graphics desirable color graphics features that image memory (48K each) thatSystem gives you unusual computer are available only in much more operate to give Independent fastpower combined with a highly- expensive systems. access to the computer memory.access to the computer memory.flexible color graphics display — all at First, the system gives an enor- Each of these 48K display memoriesa price that is a fraction of mous range of color choices. Colors can store a full picture, permittingcomparable-performing systems. can be software-selected from a color fast computer operation duringcan be software-selected from a color fast computer operation during

The computer has 11 megabytes menu of 4096 choices. display and further permitting specialof hard-disk storage in a fast ZBOA- Secondly, selection of colors and effects such as windowing and scrolbased desk-top type unit. It further of common geometric forms is done ling.offers two 5" floppy disks that pro- with simple software instructions likevide an additional 800 kilobytes of DEFCLR (c, R, G, B) and XCIRC (x, OTHER FEATURESstorage. This computer is also usable y, r, c). The system includes such otherwith a range of Cromemco Thirdly, the system gives a high features as a printer interface toperipherals. resolution of 754 x 482 pixels in a operate with either dot-matrix or

system that conforms to NTSC stan- character printer and an auxiliaryRGB MONITOR dard RS-170. In fact, the resolution serial interface to permit operation

The system includes the Cro- exceeds that of a color TV picture. with an X-Y digitizermemco 13" color monitor as the The resolution is the highest possiblecolor display device. This is a quality in an NTSC-conforming display. The SOFTWAREred/green/blue monitor of the type NTSC conformance makes the The Cromemco graphics softwareused in TV work. system useful in TV work. package is included with the system.system useful in TV work. package is included with the system

,TM

Tomorrow's ComputersToday1980 Cromemco, Inc.

Processor: 4 MHz ZBOACycle Time: 250 nanosecondsMinimum Instruction Execution Time: 1 microsecondInstruction Set: 158 instructions including the 78 instructions

of the 8080System Bus: Industry Standard S-100RAM Memory: 64K bytesCard Capacity: 12 cardsMapping Modes: Bit or nybble; software selectedResolution: 754 x 482 pixels maximum using 48K display

memory. 12Kdisplay memorymay also be used at lowerreso-lution.

Video Outputs: Three analog outputs for R/G/B monitorSync Signal: Composite Sync signal is switch-selectable.

Separate RS-170 Sync signal available.Number of Floppy Disk Drives: 2Hard Disk Drive Capacity: 11 MegabytesROM Firmware: 4K BytesSerial Interface: RS-232 or current loop, 110-76, 800 baud

Supports Cromemco CRT terminal.

X-Y Digitizer Interface: RS 232Printer Interface: Supports Cromemco dot-matrix or fully-

formed character printers.Display Memory: 2 pages (image planes) of 48KPower: Operates from 110/220 volts; 50/60 cycle; 600 wattsDimensions: 12'/4"H x 19"W x 20WD (31.1 x 48.3 x

52.7 cm)Weight: 90 lbs. (41 kg)Mounting: For rack mounting (optional cabinets available)

CRT: 13" shadow mask, delta gunTechnology: All solid state except for CRTVideo signal input: RGB 0.3 - 2.0 v., 75 ohm. Fully com-patible with Cromemco model SDI interface outputs.

Video amplifier bandwidth: 50 Hz to 15 MHz ± 3 dbPower requirements: 120 or 220 volts 50/60 Hz.Power consumption: 250 VAWeight: 20KgOperating Environment: 5° to 40°C

Q Cromemcoincorporated280 BERNARDO AYE., MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA 94040 " (415)964-7400Tomorrow's ComputersToday

YOUR LOCAL DEALER IS:

Data subject to change without notice Printed in U.S.A. Pub. GS

GUIDE TOCROMEMCO

GRAPHICS INTERFACE PRODUCTSBesides the high-resolution SDI inter- offers from 128 x 128 to 32 x32face described in this brochure, Cro- pixel resolution using only 2K tomemco also offers the Model CGI V2K of memory. The performanceinterface for applications where low of each interface is summarized inresolution is satisfactory. The CGI the table below.

RESOLUTION CROMEMCO NYBBLE- DISPLAY INTER-(Horiz'lx INTERFACE OR MEMORY FACEVertical) MODEL BIT-MAPPED REQ'D PRICE32 x 32 CGI NYBBLE % X $3£x(> 4 x 64 CGI BIT % X $35064x64 CGI NYBBLE 2K $3J

128x 128 CGI BIT 2 X $350189x121 SDI NYBBLE 12 X $595

RGB MONITOR 378x242 SDI BIT 12X $595

New Cromemco RGB (red/green/blue) Color 378x242 SDI NYBBLE 48 X $595Monitor is specially adapted for use with SDI 756 x 484 SDI BIT 48 X $595Interface. Photos shown herein are from thismonitor.

Mapping modes: Bit or nybble; software selected Max. effective screen size: 396 mm x 297 mmResolution: 756 x 484 pixels maximum using 48K display Technology: All solid state except for CRT

lemorv. 12K displ Jso be used at CRT: 19" shadow mask, delta gunlower resolution; see text. Video signal input: RGB 0.3 - 2.0 v., 75 ohm. Fully cor

Color: Any 16 of 4096 colors or any 16 shades of gray patible witdes of gray patible with Cromemco model SDI interface outpudisplaye Video amplifier bandwidth: 50 Hz to 15 MHz ± 3 db

Outputs: Three analog outputs for R.G.B. monitor Power requirements: 100, 110, 120, 220, orRecommended Display Memory: Cromemco 16KTP two- 50/60 Hz

port memory Power consumption: 250 VASync signal: Composite Sync signal is switch-selectable. Dimensions:444 mm x 482 mm x 545

Separate RS-170 Sync signal available. Weight: 45KgSystem Bus: Industry Standard S-100 Operating environment: —5° to 40°COperating Environment: 0-55 °C IPrice: $595 pp

Memory Capacity: 16K bytesBus: Industry standard S-100Operating Environment: 0-55 °CPrice: $795

incorporated280 BERNARDO AYE., MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA 94040 " (415) 964-7400

Tomorrow's Computers Today Engineering - Science - Business - Education - TVProduces the industry's finest displaysEquals or exceeds color TV resolutionYOUR LOCAL DEALER IS:

4096 color choices

Tomorrow's ComputersToday

Price: $6995

" "Model SDI Display of cross section of human heart imaged by a

2.25 MHz ultrasonic sector scan through body's infra-costal space. The image is displayed using the new SDIinterface on an RGB Monitor. This medical application

involving the new interface was done at Stanford Univer-sity. These three pictures indicate how the choice ofcolors or black-and-white available using the interfacecan be selected to suit various end purposes.

Color Graphics Interface New SDI interface plugs into existing slots in any modelCromemco computer. Shown here is new CromemcoZ-2H computer which contains 11 megabytes of harddisk memory and two floppy disk drives.

The combinations of mapping modes and memoryresult in four basic modes of operation as shownbelow.The industry's most versatile method

for displaying computer memory contentin almost unlimited color choices

MODEL SDI RESOLUTION (HORIZONTAL x VERTI-CAL) IN EACH OF FOUR MODES OF OPERATION.

Display Memory Size A new 16K two-port memory card has been developedfor use with the SDI. Three of these memories thus holda full 48K picture. Picture information is accessed by theSDI through a connector on the top of the memorycards. The cards plug directly into the Cromemco com-puter.

12K 48KNybble-Mapped 189x 121 378 x 242Bit-Mapped 378 x 242 756 x 484Here's a graphics interface that gives you high

resolution, simplicityand an enormous range of colorchoices unmatched in the industry.

378 x 242 756 x 484

The new SDI interface can be used to displayimages with up to 756 x 484-point resolution. Asdiscussed later, this resolution is at least the equalof a high-quality broadcast-TV picture.

The computer resident memory may also be used asthe display memory, although at the expense of mappingspeed. This reduction occurs because the CPU must sus-pend operation when the SDI accesses the residentmemory. The result is approximately 55% CPU utiliza-tion for a 12K-memory picture and 6% utilization for a48K-memory picture.

The new Cromemco Model SDI Color GraphicsInterface is a fully-integrated way to display thememory content of Cromemco computer systems inbeautiful and meaningful color choices. See, forexample, the accompanying photograph of an ultra-sonic sector scan of a human heart which was dis-played using this new SDI interface. Use of color andthe high resolution of the image facilitate readingthe display by researchers in the field. To simplifyexamination or discussion, various parts of the scancan be displayed in any of a wide range of colors—4096 to be specific. Other examples are shownherein.

The Model SDI provides three separate analogoutput signals to drive the Red, Green, and Blueguns of a high-quality RGB monitor. The three sep-arate outputs, rather than one composite output, areused to preserve the full resolution of the picture." "The new interface can be used to displayan image

in either color or black-and-white—or in both simul-taneously.

Use of the special two-port memory, however, assures75% to 100% CPU utilization, depending on the appli-cation software.

In color any 16 colors from a choice of a paletteof 4096 colors can be used in the picture. In black-and-white any 16 shades of gray can be used. In its high-resolution mode, the SDI* displays a picture

having a 756 x 484-pixel resolution. This format cor-responds to and is compatible with NTSC TV systemspractice in that 484 lines are normally displayed in anominal 52Sline system. The 756 points in the horizontaldirection give a resolution equal or better than that ofthe vertical direction.

In nybble-mapped operation each 4-bit nybble can selectone of 4096 colors as determined by a mapping RAM.The contents of the mapping RAM can be changeddynamically, under software control, by issuing OUTPUTinstructionsto the SDI.

The SDI uses direct memory access to display thecontent of a display memory. Each pixel of the dis-play may be mapped either from one nybble (4 bits)or one bit of the displaymemory.The mapping mode(nybble or bit) is software-selectable—in fact, partof a picture may be displayed in one mode and partin the other.

The interface consists of two circuit cards thatplug directly into any Cromemco computer. No alter-ation of the computer is required. All necessary out-puts to the monitor are provided by the interface.

The horizontal resolution itself far exceeds that ofconventional TV displays which have relatively limitedbandwidth.For black-and-white work any one of the three

outputs can be used to drive a black-and-white mon-itor. In fact, all three outputs can be used to displaysimultaneously three totally different pictures tothree different black-and-white monitors.

The result of the above approach is that the high-resolution picture displayed using the SDI interface is atleast equal in resolution to a 525-line color TV picture.(Further, the SDI has other features so that it can beused with color TV systems where special control ofcolor may be desired as in character dubbing, etc.)

It should also be noted that if desired the full resolu-tion of the Model SDI can be achieved in each of thethree colors by using one SDI in each color input to themonitor. Provision is made in Cromemco computers tobe able to run more than one SDI in them.

The display device is typically an RGB Monitor,used in the industry or available from Cromemco(Model RGB-19).

The display memory may consist of either a 12Kor 48K memory.

Both a separate Sync output and a compositeSync signal that is switch-selectable on any of thethree analog outputs are available from the SDI.

The Sync signals mentioned above adhere strictlyto the RS-170 standard for the TV broadcast industry.

"Covered by U.S. Patent No. 4121283, "An Interface Device forEncoding a Digital Image for a CRT Display."

The Model SDI also provides all signals requiredto serve as input to a colorizer or color modulatorin a TV broadcast studio. In addition, the Model SDIcan be synchronized to external TV equipmentthrough the use of an external composite RS-170Sync signal, a composite video signal, or externalhorizontal and vertical Sync signals applied to the" "Bar patterns suggest the wide variety of colors that can

be selected for displays. From a palette of 4096 colors16 can be used in one display (or 16 shades of gray).

Very high resolution provided by the new color graphics The SDI supplies all signals required to meet broadcastinterface is apparent in this plot of sinusoids. appropriate SDI inputs. signal specifications in television work.