creinin future contraception 2015 03-19 cwh clean · discuss what methods are being researched for...

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Mitchell D. Creinin, MD Professor and Director of Family Planning Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA CWH April 18, 2015 Disclosures Conflicts of Interest Consulting/Advisory Board: Actavis, Bayer, Danco, Merck & Co., Teva, Polkadoc (unfunded) Research (through Department): Merck, Medicines360 Honorarium: Merck Offlabel Use: none Mood: CYNICAL…but optimistic Objectives Recognize why continued innovations in contraception are needed Review the most recent innovations in the contraceptive marketplace Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary of industry driving the needsof you and your patient Public health research is important for understanding: real needs of our patients product development in the lab clinical research Population Growth 7.2 billion Why is Population Growth a Global Concern? The biggest user of resources are humans Population control is vital to saving our planet

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Page 1: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

Mitchell D. Creinin, MD

Professor and Director of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of California, Davis

Sacramento, CA, USA

CWHApril 18, 2015

Disclosures Conflicts of Interest

Consulting/Advisory Board:  Actavis, Bayer, Danco, Merck & Co., Teva, Polkadoc (unfunded) 

Research (through Department):  Merck, Medicines360

Honorarium:  Merck

Off‐label Use:  none

Mood:  CYNICAL…but optimistic

Objectives Recognize why continued innovations in contraception are needed

Review the most recent innovations in the contraceptive marketplace

Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives

Abridged talk… All new things are not better

Be wary of industry driving the “needs” of you and your patient

Public health research is important for understanding:

real needs of our patients

product development in the lab 

clinical research

Population Growth

7.2 billion

Why is Population Growth a  Global Concern?

The biggest user of resources are humans

Population control is vital to saving our planet

Page 2: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

Unintended PregnancyPregnancy in the U.S.

Approximately 6.7 Million Annually

Intended Pregnancy

49%Unintended Pregnancy

51%

Finer and Zolna.  Contraception 2011;84:478‐85.Finer and Zolna. Am J Pub Health 2014;104:S43‐8.

% of Pregnancies Unintended

Finer and Zolna. Am J Pub Health 2014;104:S43‐8.Henshaw SK.  Fam Plann Perspectives 1998;30:24‐9, 46.

Unintended Pregnancy Rate,U.S. women age 15‐44

5.3‐fold difference

2.6‐fold difference

Finer and Zolna. Am J Pub Health 2014;104:S43‐8.

What does this mean? Unintended pregnancy in the U.S. is not getting better!

“Wealth” ≠ better results

New innovations have not yet made a big difference

“Have‐nots” exist throughout the world

Socioeconomic issues more important than new methods

We have great options!More EffectiveLess than 1 pregnancy

per 100 women in one year

Less EffectiveAbout 30 pregnancies per100 women in one year

Sterilization Implant IUD

Injectable Pill Patch Vaginal Ring

Male/Female condom Sponge

Spermicide

Fertility Awareness

Withdrawal

Diaphragm

ReversibleMethods

Adapted from: WHO. Comparing Effectiveness of Family Planning Methods. 2012.

Page 3: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

Where are we now? Simply introducing new products does not decrease unintended pregnancies

Every country has populations of “haves” and “have‐nots”

Where are we going? What is our contraceptive pipeline?

Will new technologies help our local and global issues with unintended pregnancy?

Pharmaceutical/device companies must not decide what is best for our patients

Studies designed for agency approval are not commonly designed to inform our clinical practice

What is a contraceptive pipeline?

New innovations that:

Benefit society?

Improve public health?

Satisfy shareholders?

Recent “Innovations”

New pills

Hysteroscopic sterilization:  Essure / Adiana

Nexplanon

Skyla

Pharmaceutical/device companies must not decide what is best for our patients

New pills

WHY?

New pills LO Loestrin Fe

10 mcg EE/ 1 mg norethindrone acetate

Package insert:  33.3% LTFU, d/c or withdrew consent

High BTB rates

Qlaira / Natazia 

4 phases

Estradiol valerate / dienogest

No benefits known today

MARKETING!!

Zoely

17β‐estradiol / nomegestrol acetate

No benefits known today

MARKETING!!

Hysteroscopic Sterilization We have been fooled by Essure data…

we didn’t all know

If…if…if

Sterilization with Adiana

You have to be kidding…

Do we read the literature

Further innovations needed!!

Pregnancy rate (cumulative)

Year 1 0

Year 2 0

Year 3 0

Year 4 0

Year 5 0

Page 4: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

Estimating Essure Failure Agency approval studies are not intent to treat

Evaluate with decision analysis

Passively reported pregnancies used

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Risk of pregnancy

Years since sterilization

♦ HS■ Bipolar LS▲Band LS

Risk of pregnancy per 1,000 

women (all ages)

Sterilization 

method

Years since 

sterilization

1 10

HS 0.055 0.082

Bipolar LS 0.003 0.030

Band LS 0.007 0.024

Gariepy AM, et al.  Contraception 2014;90:174‐81.

Nexplanon Implanon…

Same bat time

Same bat station

New inserter

Barium in rod

Why?

Nexplanon Implanon…

Same bat time

Same bat station

New inserter

Barium in rod

Why?

Easier for clinician not to screw up

Does not guarantee deep insertion can’t occur

Avoids lawsuits

.038% potentially with deep insertion

.021% likely with deep insertion

.006% ENG positive, no rod

LNG IUS New for nullips…?

LNG12 and LNG16 IUSs

LNG12 LNG16 Mirena

Size (mm) 28 x 30 28 x 30 32 x 32

Initial LNG release 14 mcg 16 mcg 20 mcg

Duration (years) 3 3 (+) 5

Skyla

LNG IUS Phase II study, 738 women

37 sites in 5 European countries

Age 21‐40 years old

Gemzell-Danielson K, et al. Fertil Steril 2012;97:616-622.e3.

LNG IUSBleeding and Spotting

Gemzell-Danielson K, et al. Fertil Steril 2012;97:616-622.e3.

Page 5: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

LNG IUSBleeding and Spotting

Gemzell-Danielson K, et al. Fertil Steril 2012;97:616-622.e3.

InsertionLNG 12/16n=484

Mirenan=254

p‐value

Investigator’s evaluation of placement

Very difficult 4 (0.8%) 4 (1.6%) 0.46

Subject’s evaluation of pain of placement

Severe 21 (4.3%) 17 (6.7%) 0.22

Gemzell-Danielson K, et al. Fertil Steril 2012;97:616-622.e3.

Phase III Study of LNG13.5 mg 2,885 18‐35 yo women in 99 world‐wide locations without Mirena comparator (also LNG 19.5 mg IUS)

LNG12 (Skyla)

N=1,432

Nulliparas:  556 (34%)

Pearl Index 0.4 at 1 year (Mirena is 0.2 in multips only)

Life‐table pregnancy rate 0.9 at 3 years (Mirena is 0.5)

Amenorrhea 6% at 1 year, 12% at 3 years (Mirena is 20% at 1 year)

Nelson A et al. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:1205-13.Skyla package insert

What does this mean? Essure 

Less women achieving sterilization than LTL

Fewer women avoiding pregnancy than LTL

Skyla is less effective, shorter duration and less amenorrhea than Mirena

Availability and product delivery is the key

SIMPLY INTRODUCING NEW products is not the answer…

What is a Pipeline?

ADDRESSING A PROBLEM“NEW”METHODS

What is a Pipeline?

ADDRESSING A PROBLEM

What is the answer?

Page 6: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

What is the answer? LARC – not SARC

Focus on highly effective, low cost/free methods

CHOICE project

Counseling focuses on LARC

Evidence‐based provision

Immediate availability 

Free products

9,526 subjects enrolled Aug 2007 – Sept 2011

Winner B, et al. NEJM 2012;366:1998-2007.Peipert JF, et al. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:1291-7.

CHOICE “choices”

14‐17 yo

25% IUD

42% Implant

33% SARC

18‐20 yo

40% IUD

20% Implant

40% SARC

Continuation rates1‐year 2‐year

LNG IUD 88% 79%

Cu IUD 85% 77%

Implant 83% 69%

Injection 58% 38%

Pill 59% 43%

Ring 56% 41%

Patch 50% 40%

Implant users more likely to discontinue than IUD users (p<0.001) by 24 months

LARC more likely to continue to 24 months than SARC (adj HR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.26‐0.32)

O’neill-Callahan M, et al. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:1083-91.

1‐year 2‐year

LARC 87% 77%

SARC 57% 41%

LARC (14‐19 yo) 82% 67%

SARC (14‐19 yo) 49% 37%

LARC (20‐45 yo) 87% 78%

SARC (20‐45 yo) 59% 42%

What is the answer?CHOICE project

O’neill-Callahan M, et al. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:1083-91.

CHOICE = less pregnancy Lower population pregnancy rate

Decrease in abortion rates

80% reduction in teen births and 75% reduction in abortions compared to national statistics

Winner B, et al. NEJM 2012;366:1998-2007.Peipert JF, et al. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:1291-7.Secura G. Minerva Ginecol. 2013;65:271-7.

PipelineAddressing a GLOBAL problem…

Define the problem…

Unintended pregnancy is a larger problem for the have‐nots

Where are these people in your country?

Where are these people in the rest of the world?

Recognize the barriers to access 

Providers

Patients

Population control is vital to decreasing the ecologic footprint

Page 7: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

Pipeline“New” methods – do these address the problem?

Patches – Phase I, II and III

Combination (“Twirla”)

Progestin‐only

Injections – Phase II

Diaphragm  ‐ SILCS (“Caya”)

Female condom ‐ PATH

PipelineAddressing a problem…

Combination methods…the next generation (Multipurpose Technologies [MPTs])

New ring

New sterilization

Low‐cost IUD

Multipurpose Technologies

Contraceptive and HIV prevention

Vaginal ring + microbicide/ARV

Cervical cap with microbicide/ARV

Diaphragm with microbicide/ARV

New ring Population Council

EE/Nestorone for 12 months

2,277 women

Europe, Australia, Latin America, and the United States

Highly effective

E2/Nestorone for 3‐6 months

New approach to sterilization Chemical methods

Polidocanol

Glue‐like substances

IUD type insertion

Will need: 

Immediate effectiveness

No need for proof of action

Rhesus macaque monkeys

Multiple 5% Polidocanoltreatments

Control (untreated)                     Treated

New approach to sterilization Think a little different…

Post‐partum women

PPTS more effective than interval

Why “penalize”women who have vaginal delivery?

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

<28 yo 28‐33 yo >33 yo

5‐Year Failure Rate

Age

PPTS

Interval

Peterson HB, et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1161-8.

Page 8: CREININ Future Contraception 2015 03-19 CWH clean · Discuss what methods are being researched for future use as contraceptives Abridged talk… All new things are not better Be wary

New approach to sterilization Think a little different…

Goals:

100% efficacy

Minimal adverse effects

SALPINGECTOMY

100% effective

No higher risk than occlusion procedure

Ovarian cancer prevention

Kamram MW, et al. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013;170:251-4.McAlpine JN, et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:471.e1-11.Creinin MD, Zite N. Obstet Gynecol 2014;124:596-9.

Lost‐cost IUD Medicines360 / Actavis

LNG20 IUS

3 year approval from FDA

Phase III study continuing through 7 years

Same size and LNG release as Mirena®

52 mg

32 X 32 mm

Nulliparas and multiparas

Public sector pricing

Summary The pipeline…

The problem hasn’t changed

Public health issues continue

Socioeconomic issues outweigh product issues

ThankYou