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Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program TEXAS DIR ISF 2017

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Page 1: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program

TEXAS DIR ISF 2017

Page 2: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

• Senior CyberSecurity Analyst –– Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts http://comptroller.texas.gov– Policy Author for Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (GRC) 

• Board Member – ISSA Austin www.austinissa.org• Instructor – Austin Community College (ACC) www.austincc.edu

– CISSP CASP Prep Course– ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep

• Retired Army – TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel– Managed IT Operations and Information Security for 5,000 users– Established one of the first CERTs for the Army National Guard– Military Pilot ‐ AH1 Cobra, OH58 Kiowa, UH1 Huey

• Texas Instruments and Raytheon– Oracle DBA and Project Manager

• Certifications– CISSP, PMP, CAP, Security+, ITIL, CEH, EnCE, MCSE, MCSA 

• www.linkedin.com/in/davidleegray

2

Dave Gray

Page 3: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Information Security Incident Response

Page 4: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Information Security Incident Response Program

• Effective Incident Response capability

improves incident detection, minimizes

loss and destruction, mitigates exploited 

weaknesses and restores IT services

• Incident Response programs address governance, 

establish IR teams, emphasize training, and conduct 

self‐assessment and evaluation

Page 5: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

IR Program ‐ Define

• Establish Governance

• Identify Teams

• Initiate Training

• Self‐Assessment

Page 6: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

What is an Information Security Incident?

• An event which accidentally or deliberately results in unauthorized– Access,– Loss,– Disclosure,–Modification,– Disruption,– Destruction,– of Information or Information Resources

Page 7: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Information Security Incident (examples)

• Ransomware

• Business E‐Mail Compromise (BEC)

• Denial‐of‐service attack (DDoS)

• Confidential data discovered on website

• Personally Identifying Information (PII) exposed

• Laptop / other media with PII is lost or stolen

• Data corruption by a virus or worm

Page 8: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

What is Incident Response?

• Organized approach – to addressing and managing the aftermath of a security breach or attack (also known as an incident)

• Goal– Limit damage– Reduce recovery time and costs

Page 9: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Incident Response

• Incident Response– Prepares, – Detects, – Analyzes, – Contains, – Eradicates, – and Recovers 

• From incident impact on – Confidentiality, – Integrity and – Availability of data. 

Page 10: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

IR Program – Governance

• Define Incident Response

• Identify Teams

• Initiate Training

• Self‐Assessment

Page 11: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Governance

Policy

Plan

Procedures

Page 12: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Access Documents During an Incident

Page 13: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Incident Response Policy• Management Commitment

• Purpose and Objectives

• Scope

• Roles, Responsibilities

• Levels of Authority

• Prioritization/severity

• Performance metrics

• Reporting

Page 14: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Incident Response Plan• Mission

• Strategies and goals

• Senior Mgmt Approval

• Organizational Approach

• Communication

• Metrics

• Roadmap for Maturing

• Program Integration

Page 15: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations
Page 16: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Level 5

Non‐ExistentNon‐Existent

Level 0

InitialInitial

Level 1

RepeatableRepeatable

Level 2

DefinedDefined

Level 3

ManagedManaged

Level 4

OptimizedOptimized Focus on ways to improve

Established risk management framework

Documented practices exist, regularly measured

Mostly undocumented reactive practices

Ad hoc, inconsistent practices

Procedures do not exist

IR ProceduresImprove IRResponse

Page 17: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Written Procedures Mitigate Chaose.g. Notification Requirements 

• Breach notification requirements are complex• Spelled out in Texas Statute– TX BCC  Section 521.053

• Multiple decision points –– Was data compromised? y/n– Data contains SPI?  y/n– Data encrypted?  y/n– Notification cost > $250k ?  y/n– # of individuals > 500k ?  y/n– Contact information exists?  y/n

• Notification $ may be covered by Cyber Insurance

Page 18: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Written Procedures Mitigate Chaose.g. Notification Details

• What happened?• When did it happen?• When was it detected?• How was it detected?• What data was potentially compromised?• How much data was compromised?• Whose data was compromised?• Why the recipient is being notified.• What steps are/were being taken?• What steps should individuals take?• How to get additional information e.g. website, hotline, etc.

Page 19: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Written Procedures Mitigate Chaose.g. Prioritizing Incidents

• Priority 1 (CRITICAL) – 101 users or more are affected

• Priority 2 (HIGH)– 11 to 100 users are affected

• Priority 3 (MODERATE)– 2 to 10 users are affected

• Priority 4 (LOW)– A single user is affected

Page 20: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

IR Program – Teams

• Define Incident Response

• Establish Governance

• Initiate Training

• Self‐Assessment

Page 21: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

IR Teams

• Management Team• Technical Team• Regulatory Contact Team• Communications Team• Contracting Team• Criminal Investigation Team• Ad Hoc Response Team• External Support Team• External Partners• Communication Resources

Page 22: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Team Responsibilities

• Dependent on team functions such as– Communications• Notifying information owners of a compromise• Websites• Press Releases

– Contracting• Facilitate vendor support• Establish contract retainers

– Etc.

Page 23: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

IR Program – Training 

• Define Incident Response

• Establish Governance

• Identify Teams

• Self‐Assessment

Page 24: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Why train for Incident Response? 

• Enhance agency Continuity of Operations

• Minimize impact on agency Mission Essential Functions

• Facilitate returning tonormal operations

Page 25: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Incident Response Training

Seminars

Drills

Functional Exercises

Table Top Exercise

Complexity

Results

Page 26: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

What is a Tabletop Exercise? 

•   Tabletop exercise (TTX)– Discussion based session(s)– Informal, classroom setting – Emphasize roles during an emergency– Practice response(s) to an incident• Scenarios• Injects• Procedures• Responses 

Page 27: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

TTX Run Book

• Concept of Operations – Goal, Objectives, Scope

• Coordination Meetings – Concept, Planning• Training Approach – Seminar, TTX, OpEx• Objectives and Outcomes• Scenario and Injects• Venue• Communications Plan• Lessons Learned

Page 28: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Creating TTX Injects•   Scenario based situa ons requiring a response (deliverable) from TTX participants

• Sample Inject– An executive is scheduled for an interview

• Sample Deliverable (Communications Team)– Update a list of approved talking points

• Inject deliverables– Based on documented procedures– Created in advance where possible

Page 29: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

TTX Scenario

Page 30: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

• Criminals targeted information systems

• Ransomware encrypted user files on dozens of 

systems (laptops, desktops and servers)

• Mission Essential Functions (MEF) disrupted

• $99,000 ransom is due today

• Ransom is payable in Bitcoin 

TTX Scenario ‐ Ransomware

Page 31: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations
Page 32: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

General Counsel Team (example)

• The Agency Head asks about Cyber Insurance• Key elements to address –– Does the agency have Cyber Insurance?–What does it cover?  –What is the coverage amount? – Is the coverage adequate? – Are there “preferred” providers? –Will it cover Bitcoin Ransoms?–What about TX BCC 521.053?

Page 33: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Team Briefings

• 3 minute discussion of injects• Relate to real world• Benefit of documented procedures

Page 34: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

IR Program – Assessment 

• Define Incident Response

• Establish Governance

• Identify Teams

• Initiate Training

Page 35: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Lessons Learned

• What was supposed to happen?

• What actually happened?

• Why were there differences?

• What worked?

• What didn’t?

• Why?

Page 36: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Post‐Training Self‐Assessment

• T—Trained– The team demonstrates proficiency with incident response tasks

• P—Needs practice– The team demonstrates difficulty with incident response tasks

• U—Untrained– The team cannot demonstrate proficiency with incident response tasks

Page 37: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

References• NIST SP 800‐61. (2012, August). Computer Security Incident Handling 

Guide Rev 2. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Washington, DC: Retrieved from http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800‐61r2.pdf

• NIST SP 800‐84. (2006, September). Guide to Test, Training, and Exercise Programs for IT Plans and Capabilities. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Washington, DC: Retrieved from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800‐84/SP800‐84.pdf

• PPD‐41. (2016, July 26). Presidential Policy Directive ‐‐ United States Cyber Incident Coordination. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. Washington, DC: Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the‐press‐office/2016/07/26/presidential‐policy‐directive‐united‐states‐cyber‐incident

• TX DIR(2014, July). Incident Response Team Redbook. Texas Department of Information Resources. Austin, TX: Retrieved from http://publishingext.dir.texas.gov/portal/internal/resources/DocumentLibrary/Incident%20Response%20Template.docx

Page 38: Creating Your Information Security Incident Response Program · 2017-04-27 · – ITIL 2011 Foundation Exam Prep • Retired Army –TXARNG Lieutenant Colonel – Managed IT Operations

Questions

Dave GrayCyberSecurity Senior AnalystTexas Comptroller of Public Accountswww.linkedin.com/in/davidleegray