Creating A Nation

Northwest Ordinance, Manifest Destiny, War of 1812, Monroe Doctrine, and the Industrial Revolution

Standards SSUSH6 The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion

and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation.

 a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration

of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity.

e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.  SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its

regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it.

a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets.

b. Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny.

Northwest Ordinance 0 The Northwest Ordinance established guidelines for the

government of the Northwest Territory, a large area bounded by the Great Lakes, Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, the state of Pennsylvania and Canada.

0 It was one of the most important laws ever adopted, for it became a model for all territories that later entered the Union as states.

0 Pioneers poured into the area, setting themselves up as territories under a governor, secretary and three judges.

0 Ohio was the first state created in the Northwest Territory, followed by Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin.

0 Basic freedoms, similar to those under our Constitution, were guaranteed the new states. There were two new provisions. One called for publicly supported education and the other prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?0US shipping was being harassed, and cargo

was seized. 0 Britain required licenses for ships bound for

Europe0 France confiscated cargo from licensed ships

0 Impressment of American sailors 0 Many British sailors became naturalized US

citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews.

0 British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?

0Economic Diplomacy Fails0 Embargo Act of 1807

halted all trade with Europe

0 Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries

0 Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812?

0Non-Intercourse Act0 Forbade trade with France and Britain; however

President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions

0 Was this successful? Why or Why not0War Hawks

0 Southern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east

0 Why did the War Hawks want war?

Declaration of War

0June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war

0Vote was split along regional lines

0War started with Invasion of Canada

Fire…

0In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.

0They burn the White House and the Capitol

0Madison and Congress Barely escape

Oh Say Can You See…0Unlike D.C., Baltimore

was Ready for the British0The City militia inflicted

heavy casualties on the British

0After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attack

0Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?

0Gave the United States a National Identity0We were able to hold our own against the British

0Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion

0Ended bad feelings toward the British

0Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen

The Monroe Doctrine

0 In December 1823, in a message to Congress, Monroe set forth the following principles, which would later become known as the Monroe Doctrine: 0 The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for

colonization 0 The political system of the Americas was different from

Europe 0 The United States would regard any interference in

Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security 0 The United States would refrain from participation in

European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere

Impact of the Monroe Doctrine

0The impact of the Monroe Doctrine was mixed.0 The Doctrine was successful in that it kept France,

Spain and other powers out of the region, but Britain would long remain the dominant trade power in Latin America.

0The Doctrine was a failure from the standpoint that the Latin American nations resented the Big Brother behavior of the U.S.

0 It was not until the 1880s that the United States had the clout to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.

Manifest Destiny:

0The belief that the United States would spread to the Pacific Coast

0Caused by:0 Land hungry Americans who wanted the rich,

sparcely settled lands0 Patriots who feared that the British would get it0 Eastern Merchants whose ships traded with

Asia and needed ports on the Pacific Coast0 Democratic-minded people who felt that the

spread of the nation would spread freedom0 Nationalists who sought national greatness

Mr. Manifest Destiny0James K. Polk

15

•Elected President in 1844

•Added more territory to the US (by any means) than any other President

•Died 103 days after his single term ended

US Territorial Expansion

16

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1776

•Great Britain

•US declared independence from Great Britain

A - 13 Original Colonies

US Territorial Expansion

17

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1783

•Great Britain

•Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War)

B

B - Western Lands

US Territorial Expansion

18

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1803

•France

•Napoleon needed $

•Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans

•He got all of this instead!

B

C - Louisiana Purchase

C

US Territorial Expansion

19

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1819

•Spain

•Andrew Jackson invaded

•Spain then sold it to us for $5 million

B

D - Florida

D

C

US Territorial Expansion

20

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1845

•Republic of Texas (Independent Country)

•Texas independent from Mexico in 1836

•Northerners feared it would become a slave state

•Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election

B

E - Texas

D

C

E

US Territorial Expansion

21

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1846

•Great Britain

•Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US)

•Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!”

•Britain compromised 49° & US accepted

B

F - Oregon Territory

D

C

E

F

US Territorial Expansion

22

A

When?

From Where?

Why?

•1848

•Mexico

•Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse

•War!

•US wins

•In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G

B

G - Mexican Cession

D

C

E

F

G

· It was difficult to make a profit from cotton because cottonseeds were removed by hand.

Cotton Gin

Cotton Ball, picked 1915

Georgia

Ex.) It took one person an entire day to clean one pound of cotton.

• Therefore, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793.

Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.

· Whitney never became wealthy from his invention.

· Whitney applied for a patent on the cotton gin.

· People ignored the patent and built their own.

• Plantation owners began to earn a lot of money growing cotton.

“The First Cotton Gin" (image from 1869)

• This caused farmers to increase their dependency on slave labor.

• Native American tribes such as the Cherokees and Creeks were forced onto reservations so that farmers would have more land to grow cotton.

Interchangeable Parts•Used to build muskets•Easiest and fastest way to make guns•Easier to make = more produced in shorter time•Popular = low costs•Quality not as good as those hand made•Factory owners chose quantity over quality