craniofacial anatomy
TRANSCRIPT
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Muscles ofHead and Neck
Presentedby :
Dr. Zare , E .
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Functions of Muscle
Movement
Stability
Communication Control of body openings and passages
Heat production
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Connective Tissues of a Muscle
A skeletal muscle is composed of both muscular
tissue and connective tissue
A skeletal muscle cell (muscle fiber) is
surrounded by a sparse layer of areolarconnective tissue called the endomysium whichallows room for blood capillaries and nerve
fibers to reach each muscle fiber.
Muscle fibers are grouped in bundles called
fascicles .
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Each fascicle is separated from neighboring
ones by a connective tissue sheath called the
perimysium.
The muscle as a whole is surrounded by stillanother connective tissue layer, the epimysium.
The epimysium grades imperceptibly intoconnective tissue sheets called fasciae .
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Anatomy of skeletal muscles
Skeletalmuscle
fiber (cell)
MuscleFascicle
Surrounded byperimysium
Surrounded byendomysium
endomysium
perimysium
Skeletalmuscle
Surrounded byepimysium
epimysium
tendon
Play IP Anatomy of Skeletal muscles (IP p. 4-6)
http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/Anne/Desktop/A&P%20animations/07_AnatSkelMuscl_A.swf -
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deep fasciae between adjacent musclesand a superficial fascia (hypodermis)between the muscles and skin.
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There are two ways a muscle can attach
to a bone.
In a direct (fleshy) attachment collagenfibers of the epimysium are continuous
with the periosteum, the fibrous sheath
around a bone. The red muscle tissue
appears to emerge directly from the bone.
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In an indirect attachment, the collagenfibers of the epimysium continue as astrong fibrous tendon that merges into
the periosteum of a nearby bone
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Muscle names are descriptive
Location (e.g., temporalis attaches to temporal bone
in skull)
Action (flexor causes muscle flexion)
Shape (deltoid is shaped by the Greek letter delta)
Size (vastus, minimus)
Number of tendons of origin (biceps, triceps)
Origin and insertion
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Anatomy of the Muscular System
OriginMuscle attachment that remains
fixed
InsertionMuscle attachment that moves
ActionWhat joint movement a muscle
produces
i.e. flexion, extension, abduction,
etc.
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The strength of a muscle and the direction
in which it pulls are determined partly by
the orientation of its fascicles, illustrating
the complementarity of form and function.
Differences in fascicle orientation are the
basis for classifying muscles into five
types .
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Facial Muscles
frontalis
orbicularis
oculi
zygomaticus
major
minor
corrugator
supercilia
nasalis
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Hyoid
Muscles
hyoid bone
digastric
mylohyoid
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Neck Muscles
trapezius
splenius capitius
levator scapula
scalenes
sternocleidomastoid
digastric
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Eye Muscles
superior rectus
lateral
rectus
medialrectus
inferior rectus
superior oblique
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Other Neck Muscles
Platysma - broad surface muscle covering the neck andchin muscles
Lateral Pterygoid deep muscle attachments to themandible and lateral pterygoid process
Medial Pterygoid - deep muscle attachments to themandible and medial pterygoid process.
TMJ - temporomandibular joint
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/plat.htmhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/lpte.htmhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/mpte.htmhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/mpte.htmhttp://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/surface/head_neck/tmj.htmlhttp://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/surface/head_neck/tmj.htmlhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/mpte.htmhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/mpte.htmhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/lpte.htmhttp://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/plat.htm -
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The epicranius or occipitofrontalis muscle of thescalp has an anterior and posterior regionconnected by the galea aponeurotica . Contraction
of these muscles allows the skin to slide over thescalp.
The frontalis muscle is a member of the epicraniuscomplex that begins at the anterior hairline and
inserts into the forehead and eyebrow skin.
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The procerus muscleoverlies the nasalbone and attaches to
the nasal root skin.
It causesforeshortening of thenose and 'rabbitlines (i.e. skin
tension linesexaggerated bywrinkling up thenose).
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The orbicularis oris muscle allows pursing and puckering ofthe lips, apposition of the corners of the mouth, and pulling ofthe lips up against the teeth and gingivae.
It has no bony or cartilaginous attachment and is innervated
by the buccal or marginal mandibular branches of the facialnerve.
This circumferential muscle is necessary for correct speechand allows enunciation of the letters M, V, F,P and O.
The facial arteries and veins are covered and protected from
damage by the lip elevator muscles.
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The quadratus labii superiorismuscle group is comprised of
several lip elevators. The levator anguli oris and
risorius muscles are mouthangle retractors andelevators.
The zygomaticus majormuscle travels from the
zygoma downward anddiagonally to the uppercorner of the mouth, where itcontributes to the nasolabial
fold.
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The buccinator muscle constitutes alarge area of the cheek as it courses from
the posterior maxillary area to the uppermedial surface of the mandible, where it
interdigitates with the orbicularis oris.
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Anatomy of the Muscular System
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Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the
Head andNeck
Figure 7-12(b)
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Anatomy of the Muscular System
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Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
Figure 7-13
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