It has been known for a long time, that alongside natural sources, combustion processesare the one of many human activities which emit solid particles. However, there is still atpresent no documented evidence for any relationship between specific stationarycombustion technologies and the presence of particulate matter in the atmosphere.Similarly, the chemical composition of particles emitted from various sources has to beidentified in order to properly apportion the ambient air pollution by particulate matter.

aimed at thepresentation of resultsobtained during preliminarstudies on the chemicalcharacterisation of solidparticles generated duringcombustion process.

The study presents the chemical characterisation of particlesemitted during residential and industrial processes of combustionof solid fuels (representing the stationary emission sources) andparticles emitted from Diesel engines for passenger cars andmedium-duty vehicles. Particles from stationary sources werecollected on quartz fibre filters. Particle samples from engineswere collected on glass-fibre filters during the New EuropeanDriving Cycle and European Steady Cycle emission testsconducted in BOSMAL Automotive Research & DevelopmentInstitute.

8.0, 9.7, 1.3, and 56.9 and 58.5 mg of particulate matter weresampled during combustion of, respectively, soft wood, culm, eco-pea coal, hard coal in domestic heating units which contribute to20.9, 36.7, 5.3 and 464.7 mg of PM per m3 of flowing through thefilter exhausts. During sampling of particles from industrialcombustion of hard coal burning 58.5 mg PM were sampled whichcontribute to 5.9 mg of particles per m3 of exhausts.

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METALS AND NON-METALS CATIONS ANIONS ELEMENTAL CARBON ORGANIC CARBON NON-IDENTIFIED FRACTION

Figure 2. Chemical composition [percentage mass balance] of PM generated duringcombustion processes in stationary sources (Lev – levoglucosan, K+ - potassium cations, K – metallic potassium,

SO42- - sulphate anions, S – elemental sulphur, Hg/OC – mercury to organic carbon ratio, As – metaliic arsenic).

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Figure 3. Differences in particulate bound arsenic and mercury emission from differentstationary sources.

Figure 1. Sorts of combustion processes examined during the studies.

Diesel medium-duty vehicle emission (left side) and diesel passenger car EURO 5 (right side)40

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Cr Ti Ca K Cl Ca2+ K+ Mg2+ NH4+ Na+

Li+ SO42- NO3

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Figure 4. Differences in chemical composition of solid particles emitted from mobile sources.

The content of analysed chemicals differed depending on the emission source.With respect to stationary combustion sources, the main factor determiningthe emission of solid particles are related principally to the fuel quality. Theduty of vehicles was also a factor influencing the chemical characterisation ofparticulate matter emitted from engines. The current efforts to control fineparticulates also result in the appreciable reduction of the total number ofparticles emitted by both diesel and gasoline engines.

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the AGH UST (grant no: 16.16.210.246) and the usage of infrastructure of theCentre of Energy, AGH UST. The project was also financed under the PROM Program - International scholarship exchange fordoctoral students and academic staff implemented by the National Academic Exchange Agency and the AGH University ofScience and Technology. Contract number: PPI / PRO / 2018/1/00026 / U / 001. The samples of particles from engines werecollected by BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd what is highly acknowledged.

AsHg/OCSO42-, SK+, KLev