courses of study for

SFS, GURUKUL MARG, MANSAROVAR, JAIPUR

COURSES OF STUDY

FOR

B.A./B.Sc. EXAMINATION

I Semester Examination November 2008

II Semester Examination April 2009

III Semester Examination November 2009

IV Semester Examination April 2010

V Semester Examination November 2010

VI Semester Examination April 2011

Syllabus applicable for the students seeking admission to the BA/B.Sc. Zoology Course in

the academic year 2008-09.

B.Sc Zoology

Semester I

Paper I: Animal Diversity I (ZOL-101)

UNITS

TOPICS

Teaching

Hours

UNIT

I

General principles of taxonomy

• Binomial nomenclature

• Trinomial nomenclature

• Rules of nomenclature

Concept of Five kingdom

Basis of Classification

8

UNIT

II

*Salient features and classification of Invertebrates upto

Class level (Type study –Habit, Habitat & Salient features)

Phylum Protozoa:

• Type study – Paramecium

(Locomotion, Nutrition and

Reproduction)

• Economic Importance

12

UNIT

III

Phylum Porifera:

• Type study- Sycon

• Canal system of Sponges

• Skeletal system

• Economic Importance

7

UNIT

IV

Phylum Coelenterata

• Type study – Obelia

• Polymorphism

• Coral reefs

9

UNIT

V

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Type study- Taenia

Phylum Nemathelminthes

• Ascaris (External features and life cycle)

Parasitic adaptations of Helminthes

9

Total Teaching Hours 45

*Salient feature means only a brief account ,Systems in detailed are not inculed

Suggested Readings:

� Invertebrate Zoology; Barns, R. D; W. B. Saunders Co.

� Textbook of Zoology; Shivpuri, Jacob, D. and Vyas. D.K.; Ramesh

Book Depot.

� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology I; Sandhu, G.S; Campus Books.

� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology II; Sandhu, G.S ; Campus Books.

Modern Textbook of Zoology Invertebrates; Kotpal; Rastogi

Publications.

Paper II: Cell Biology& Genetics I (ZOL-102)

UNITS

TOPICS

Teaching

Hours

UNIT I • Diversity of Cell Size & shape

• Cell theory

• Structure of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic

cells

• Magnification , resolving power

• Principles of microscope and

application: Light Microscopy

Phase contrast microscopy

Fluorescence Microscopy

Interference Microscopy

Electron Microscopy (SEM & TEM)

• Cell fractionation & Centrifugation

11

UNIT

II

Cell organelles, their structure, composition & function

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi complex

• Ribosome : structure & functions

• Lysosomes: Function & intracellular

digestion

• Mitochondria: Organization &function,

Oxidative phosphorylation and

biogenesis

• Peroxisomes

• Centrioles & Microtubules: cilia &

flagella

12

UNIT

III • Active and Passive transport across

membranes

• Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis

• Endocytosis, Exocytosis

• Cell cycle( S, G1,G2,M phase)

• Mitosis: Phases & process of mitosis,

structure & function of spindle apparatus

• Meiosis: Phases & Process of meiosis

• Cytology of Cancer

8

Suggested Readings:

� Cell Biology and Genetics; Kohli, K.S;Ramesh Book Depot

Genetics; Winchester, A.M; Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

� Cell and Molecular Biology; De Robertis and De Robertis; Saunders

College.

� Genetics; Strickberger; Macmillan, Prentice Hall of India.

� Cell Biology; Powar, C.B; Himalayan publishing House.

� Principles of Genetics; Gardener, E,J; Wiley eastern, New Delhi.

� A Textbook of Genetics; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath & Kedarnath.

� Cell and Molecular Biology; Gerald Karp; John Wiley and Sons,inc

� Molecular Biology of the cell; Bruce Alberts, Julian Lewis, James

D.Watson; Garland Publishings

� Cell and Molecular Biology; Phillip Sheeler Donald E. Bianchi; John

Wiley and Sons.

UNIT

IV • Mendelian inheritance patterns & laws

of heredity

• Co and incomplete dominance

• Interactions of Genes- Supplementary,

Complementary, Duplicate,

Epistasis(dominant & recessive)

• Multiple alleles-Coat colour in rabbit,

Human blood group-ABO & Rh

• Gene expression- Lethal genes,

Pleiotropic genes

• Multiple genes- Seed coat in wheat, skin

colour in human

8

UNIT

V

• Linkage & linkage maps

• Crossing over- Mechanism, theories,

Cytological detection & significance

• Cytoplasmic inheritance

6


SEMESTER I: PRACTICAL (ZOL-103)

Animal Diversity I

Study of museum specimens and slides:

• Protozoa :Paramecium(WM), Binary fission, Conjugation,

Entamoeba, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Monocystis, Opalina,

Vorticella, Balantidium, Nyctotherus, Euglena

• Porifera: Sycon L.S & T.S, Sponge spicules, Spongin fibres

Leucosolenia, Euplectella, Spongilla.

• Coelentrata: Hydra, Obelia(polyp), Aurelia, Sea anemone, Gorgonia,

Physalia, Vellela, Alcyonium, Millepora, Pennatula

• Platyhelminthes: Fasciola.

• Aschelminthes: Ascaris(Male & Female), Dracunculus

Cell Biology

Principle & working of

• Dissecting microscope

• Compound microscope

Fixation and staining

• Fixatives:- Carnoys, Bouins, formalin

• Stains:- Acetocarmine, Acetorcein, Eosin,

Haematoxylin

• Double & Single staining

• Staining of Euglena,Hydra,Obelia,Foraminiferous

shell,Sponge spicules,Sponge gemmules,Spongin

fibres

Principle & working of Centrifuge (Only Demonstration)

Mitosis- Onion root tip

Meiosis- Grasshopper testis

Suggested Reading: � Practical Zoology, Invertebrates, Lal, S.S. Rastogi Publications, Merrut

� Practical Zoology, Invertebrates,Kohli,K.S.,Ansari, A.S. Ramesh Book Depot, New

Delhi.

� Laboratory manual in Invertebrate & Experimental Zoology, Jacob Vyas Ramesh Book

Depot, New Delhi.

� Practical Zoology, Jacob, D., Bhatia,A.L., Kohli,K.S., Vyas,D.K. Ramesh Book Depot,

New Delhi.

SEMESTER II

Paper I:Animal Diversity II (ZOL-201)

UNIT TOPICS Teaching

hours

UNIT

I

Salient features & classification of the Invertebrates

upto Class level (Type study- Habit, Habitat & Salient features)

Phylum Annelida

• Type study: Earthworm

• Metamerism

• Vermiculture

9

UNIT

II

Phylum Arthropoda

• Type study: Prawn

• Social life in Insects

• Metamorphosis

• Sericulture

• Lac culture

• Apiculture

• Prawn culture

12

UNIT

III

Phylum Mollusca

• Type study: Pila

• Respiration

• Torsion

• Pearl culture

9

UNIT

IV

Phylum Echinodermata

• Type study: Starfish

• Water vascular system

6

UNIT

V

Larval forms of Invertebrates (Parasitic & Free living

forms)

9

Suggested Readings:

� Invertebrate Zoology; Barns, R. D; W. B. Saunders Co.

� Textbook of Zoology; Shivapuri, Jacob, D. and Vyas, D.K.; Ramesh Book

Depot.

� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology I; Sandhu, G.S and Bhaskar, H; Campus

Books.

� Modern textbook of Zoology-Invertebrates; Kotpal; Rastogi Publications.

Invertebrate Diversity of Life: Rounds H. General Zoology: Storer, T.I. and Using,

K.L.: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.

� D. Reinhold, New York (Indian repring : Affiliated East West Press, New Delhi.)

� The invertebrates. Vol.1. Protozoa through Ctenophora, Hyman, L.H. McGraw Hill

Co., New York.

� Student Text Book of Zoology. Vol.I.II and III. Sedgwick.A.

� Text book of Zoology. Parker, T.J., Haswell. W.A.Macmillan Co., London.

Paper II: Molecular Biology & Genetics II (ZOL-202)

UNITS

TOPICS

Teaching

Hours

UNIT

I • Nuclear Organization:

• Structure & function of nuclear envelope, nuclear

matrix and nucleolus

• Chromosomes: Morphology, Chromonema,

Chromomeres, telomeres, Primary & secondary

constrictions, Chromatids

• Chromosome type- Polytene & Lampbrush

• Chromosomal Organization: euchromatin,

Heterochromatin , folded fibre model & nucleosome

concept

9

UNIT

II • DNA structure(A, B, Z type)

• Experiments of Messelson & Stahl

• Replication(Semiconservative mechanism)

Elementary idea about Polymerases,Topoisomerases,

Single stranded binding protein, Replication

forks(Unidirectional & Bidirectional), Leading &

lagging strand, RNA primers & Okazaki fragments,

7

UNIT

III • RNA structure & types( mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)

• Transcription(Idea about Polymerases)

• Genetic code &Translation –Triplet code, Protein

synthesis

• Elementary idea about post translational processing

10

UNIT

IV • Determination of Sex – Chromosomal mechanism &

environmental influence, the sexual function of X &Y

chromosome, Gyandromorphs, Genic Balance Theory,

Non disjunction in man

• Sex linked inheritance in man & Drosophila, Y linked

genes, Sex limited genes, Sex influenced genes

10

UNIT

V • Mutations- Chromosomal aberrations, Gene mutations

• Human genetics- Chromosomal & single gene

disorder, Genetics counseling, Amniocentesis

• Human betterment- Eugenics & Euthenics

9


Suggested Readings:

� Genetics; Winchester, A. M.; Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

� Cell and Molecular Biology; De Robertis and De Robertis; Saunders College.

� Genetics; Strickberger W. M.; Prentice Hall of India.

� Cell Biology; Powar, C.B; Himalayan Publishing House.

� Principles of Genetics; Gardener, E. J.;Wiley eastern, New Delhi.

� A Textbook of Genetics; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath and Kedarnath

� Molecular Biology of the gene; Watson, J.D; Benzamin/ Cummings.

� Biochemistry; Voet &Voet; John Wiley & Sons.

� Cytology and Genetics. Dyansagar, C.R. Tata McGraw Hill Publ. Co. New

Delhi.

� Cell Biology : Dyson, R.D. Allen and Bacon, New York.

� Cell Biology. Rastogi S.C. : Tata McGraw Hill Publ. Co. New Delhi.

� Cell Biology and Genetics. Kohli, S. jain, S. and Ramesh Book Depot. Jaipur.

� Cytology : Verma, P.S. and Agrawal V.K : S.Chand and Co. New Delhi.

� Genetics. Verma, P.S. and Agrawal V.K. S.Chand and Co., New Delhi.

SEMESTER II: PRACTICAL (ZOL-203)

Animal Diversity II


Phylum Annelida-Nereis, Heteronereis-parapodia, Earthworm, Leech

Dissection: Earthworm- Anatomy, Digestive, Nervous System

Permanent mount: Septal nephridia, Ovary,Nerve ring.

Phylum Arthropoda: Daphnia, Cyclops, Scorpion, KingCrab, Crab, Eupagurus, Lepas,

Balanus, Millipede, Termite, Centipede, Praying-mantis, Peripatus

Dissection: Prawn-General anatomy,Appendages,Nervous &Digestive system

Permanent mount: Hastate plate, Statocyst

Phylum-Mollusca: Chiton, Unio, Dentalium, Nautilus, Loligo, Octopus, Sepia

Larval forms- Miracidium, Sporocyst, Redia, Cercaria, Taenia, Cysticercus larva,

Planaria, Taenia-- Scolex, Gravid proglottid

Phylum Echinodermata: Echinus, Starfish, Cucumaria, Antedon

Molecular Biology& Genetics Study of Drosophila life cycle & idea about its culture

Identification of Male & Female Drosophila

Identification of Wild & mutant (Yellow body, Ebony, Vestigial wings, White eye) of

Drosophila

Study of permanent prepared slide - Sex comb, Salivary gland chromosomes

Identification of Blood groups(A,B, O & Rh factor)

Isolation of DNA from Rat hepatocytes

Suggested Reading: � Practical Zoology, Invertebrates, Lal, S.S. Rastogi Publications, Merrut

� Practical Zoology, Invertebrates,Kohli,K.S.,Ansari, A.S. Ramesh Book

Depot, New Delhi.

� Laboratory manual in Invertebrate & Experimental Zoology, Jacob Vyas

Ramesh Book Depot, New Delhi.

� Practical Zoology, Jacob, D., Bhatia,A.L., Kohli,K.S., Vyas,D.K. Ramesh

Book Depot, New Delhi.

SEMESTER III

Paper I:ANIMAL DIVERSITY III


hours UNIT

I

Protochordates:-

• Classification upto orders

• *Salient features:

Balanoglossus: Tornaria larva

Ascidia: Retrogressive metamorphosis

Amphioxus

11

UNIT II Agnatha:-


• Salient features:

Petromyzon

Ammocoete larva

9

UNIT

III

Gnathostomata


• Ostracoderms( a brief description)

• Salient features:

Scoliodon

• Difference between Osteichthyes &

Chondrichthyes

• Dipnoi

• Adaptive radiation in Fishes

• Economic importance of Fishes

7

UNIT

IV

Amphibia


• Neoteny

• Adaptive radiation in Amphibia

Reptilia


• Poisonous & Non-poisonous snakes

• Poison apparatus

10

UNIT V Aves


• Feather and its Development

• Flight adaptation

• Perching mechanism

8

*Salient feature means only a brief account , systems in detailed are not inculed

Suggested Readings:

� Colbert’s evolution of the vertebrates; Colbert, E.H; John Wiley & Sons

� Text book of Chordate Zoology vol. II ; Sandhu, G.S. and Sandhu, G.S;

Campus Books.

� Modern text book of Zoology-Vertebrates; Kotpal, Rastogi Publication.

� Vertebrate Zoology; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath & Kedarnath.

� Young, O.Z.: The Life of Vertebrates, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

� Young,J.Z,: The life of vertebrates. Oxford University Press London

1962(Low Priced Text Reprint English Language Book Socieety

London,1962).

� Barrington,E.J.W.: The Biology Hemichordata & Protochordata Oliver &

Boyd,London,1965

� Young J. Z : The life of mammals Oxford University Press London 1963

Mammals


• Dentition in mammals

• Hair and its development


PAPER II: BIOCHEMISTRY(ZOL-302)

UNITS

TOPICS

Teaching

Hours

UNIT

I

Carbohydrates

• Classification & Structure

• Metabolism- Oxidation of glucose through

glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle & oxidative

phosphorylation

• Interconversion of glycogen and glucose in liver

10

UNIT

II

Lipids

• Classification & structure.

• Metabolism- Beta-oxidative pathway of fatty acids

• Biosynthesis of Triglycerides

Vitamins

• Fat soluble & Water soluble vitamins

10

UNIT

III

Proteins-

• Classification & structural properties

• Amino acids & peptides- Properties & structure

• Metabolism- Transformation of amino acids,

Deamination, Transamination, Decarboxylation,

Synthesis of Urea(Ornithine cycle)

10

UNIT

IV • Bioenergetics(Thermodyanmic laws and ATP)

• pH andBuffers

Enzymes

• Classification & Kinetics (Michaelis-Menten

Equation)

9

UNIT

V

Separation &Analytical techniques (Brief account)

• Centrifugation, Chromatography, Colorimetry & pH

meter

6

Suggested Readings:

� Principles of Biochemistry; Smith et.al; Mc Graw Hill, New York.

� Textbook of Medical Biochemistry; Ramakrishnan, S. Prasanan, K.G and

Rajan, R; Orient Longman, Madras

� Biochemistry, Berry, A.K. Emkey Pub. New Delhi.

� Conn, E.E. and Stuff, P.K. Outlines of Biochemistry,John Wiley New York.

� Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons., New

York.

� Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry International Student edition W.H. Freeman and

Company, New York.

� H.S. Srivastava, Element of Biochemistry, Rastogi Publications Meerut.

� Leninger, A.D. Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers and Distributors,

Shahdra, Delhi.

� Jain,J.L.Fundamentals of Biochemistry ,S.Chand publishers New Delhi.

� Murray, R.K.,Harper’s Biochemisttry;Appleton and Lange

,Norwalk,Connecticut

SEMESTER III: PRACTICAL(ZOL-303)

Animal Diversity III


Hemichordata: Balanoglossus

Urochordate: Herdmania, Doliolum.

Cephalochordata: Amphioxus

Cyclostomata: Petromyzon, Ammocoete larva

Pisces: Labeo, Echeneis, Zygaena(Sphyrna), Torpedo, Chimaera, Acipensor,

Clarias, Anguilla, Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Any flat fish, Protopterus

Dissection: Scoliodon—Cranial nerves; Afferent & efferent blood vessels, Eye

muscles, Internal ear

Permanent mount—Ampulla of Lorenzini, Placoid scales(Scoliodon)

Amphibia: Ichthyophis, Ambystoma, Axolotl larva, Alytes, Hyla.

Reptiles: Testudo, Sphenodon, Hemidactylus, Phrynosoma, Draco, Chameleon,

Eryx, Hydrophis, Naja, Viper, Bungarus, Crocodylus,

Aves: Archaeopteryx, Running bird (Ostrich), Pavo, Choriotis(Great Indian

bustard), Passer, Migratory bird(Siberian crane), Pigeon

Mammals: Ornithorhynchus, Tachyglossus, Macropus(Kangaroo), Bat, Loris, Whale,

Rhesus.

Study of Experimental animals—Swiss albino Mice

Biochemistry

� Preparation of Normal, Molar, Buffer solutions & pH adjustments

� Principles of Photometry

� Quantitative analysis of cholesterol using colorimeter

� Separation of Dyes & Amino Acid by circular paper chromatography

method

� Identification of lipids, proteins & Carbohydrates in the given sample

� Identification of different kinds of mono, di & polysaccharides in the given

sample

� Analysis of enzymatic activity

• Liver Catalase

• Salivary amylase

Suggested reading: � Practical Zoology, vertebrates, Lal, S.S. Rastogi Publications, Merrut

� Practical Zoology, vertebrates,Kohli,K.S.,Ansari, A.S. Ramesh Book Depot, New Delhi.

� Standard methods of biochemical analysis.Thimmaiah, S.R. Kalyani Publishers,Noida

� Practical Zoology, Jacob,D.

SEMESTER IV

PAPER I: GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (ZOL-401)

UNITS TOPICS Teaching

Hours

UNIT

I

Nutrition

• Food constituents-Proteins,Carbohydrates,lipids,

Vitamins & Minerals

• Enzymes & Digestion

• Absorption

• Basal Metabolic Rate

9

UNIT

II

Circulation

• Composition & Function of Blood and lymph

• Coagulation.

• Mammalian heart , Cardiac cycle, Conduction

and regulation of Heart beat, E.C.G

6

UNIT

III

Respiration

• Mechanism & control of Breathing

• Respiratory quotient

• Respiratory exchange in tissues

Carbon dioxide transport

Mechanism & regulation of respiration

Excretion

• Structure & Function of Kidney

• Mechanism of urine formation

• Hormonal regulation of water & electrolyte

balance

10

UNIT

IV

Nervous system

• Structure of neurons

• Transmission of nerve impulse

• Synapse physiology

• Reflex action & reflex arc

Muscular system

• Structure & types of muscle

• Mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction

10

UNIT

V

Endocrine System

• Endocrine glands and their Hormones

• Mechanism of Hormone action

• Reproductive cycles in Female

• Role of hormones in Reproduction, Pregnancy & Lactation

10


Suggested readings:

� A Textbook of Animal Physiology; Berry, A.K.; Emkay Publisher, Delhi

� Biochemistry and Endocrinology; Bhatia, A.L.; Indus valley Publication,

Jaipur

� Animal Physiology; Bhatia, A.L and Kohli, K.S; Ramesh Book Depot ,Jaipur

� Text Book of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student addition.

� Text Book of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee

brothers.

� General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S.Prentice Hall of

Indian.

� Animal Physiologys: adaptation and Environment, Schiemdt Neilsen.

Cambridge

� A regulatory Systems Approach. Strand, F.L. Physiology: Macmillan

Publishing Co., New York.

PAPER II:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (ZOL-402)


hours UNIT

I • Baer’s Law, Biogenetic Law

• Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis &

Oogenesis, Vitellogenesis

9

UNIT

II • Fertilization- Sperm egg interactions-

Biochemical events, Post fertilization events,

Significance

• Parthenogenesis

• Types eggs, Planes and Patterns of cleavage,

Blastulation, Gastrulation

9

UNIT

III • Fate maps

• Extra embryonic membranes, types &

physiology of placenta

• Concept of Embryonic Induction

10

UNIT

IV • Regeneration in Vertebrates

• Apoptosis

• Ageing-Concepts & models

10

UNIT

V • Metamorphosis in Frog & Insects. Role of

Hormones in metamorphosis

• Tetratogenesis

• Stem Cells

7


Suggested readings: � An introduction to Embryology; Balinsky, B. I.; W.B. Saunders, Delhi.

� Embryology; Berry, A.K; EM Kay Publications, New Delhi

� Fundamental elements of Embryology Jacob, D., Sharma, A. and Nandchahal, K,Ramesh

Book Depot, Jaipur

� Developmental biology, Gilbert, S.F.

� Elements of Chordate Embryology; Nair, P.K.G.

� Chordate Embryology; Agarwal, V.K.; S. Chand. � Verikk. N.J.:Developmental Biology,Mc Graw Hill Book Comp., New York (1971).

� Berill, N.J. & Kerp. G.:Development (1978)

� Bodemer, C.W.:Modern Embryology, Holt Rein Chart and Winston, Inc. New York, Chicago (1968)

� Huettor, A.F.:Fundamentals of comparative embryology The Macmillan Comp., New York (1949).

� Nelsen, O.E.:Comparative embryology of Vertebrates (1953).

� Pattern, B.M.:Foundation of embryology (1964)

� Waddington, C.H.:Principles of development and diferentiation (1996).

� Richards, A.:Outline of Cooperative Embryology (1931).

� Sexen L. & Toivonen, S.Marshall:Primary Embryonic Induction (1962). Physiology of reproduction

Vol.II.

� Goel S.C.:Principle of Animal,developmental biology Himalaya (1984).

� Saunders J.W.Jr.:Developmental Biology, Macmillan of colliers New York,London (1982).

SEMESTER IV:PRACTICAL (ZOL-403)

Physiology � Haematology

• Estimation of Haemoglobin in the blood sample

• Estimation of Haematocrit in the blood sample

• Counting of Red & White blood cells in blood sample

• To study the Bleeding Time & Clotting time of blood

• Determination of Blood Pressure.

� Dissection to expose the endocrine glands of mice(Demonstration)

� Study of Estrous cycle of mice by vaginal smear preparation

� Histology of Tissues of Mammals: T.S of –Liver, intestine, stomach,

testis, ovary, lung, kidney, pancreas, skin, adrenal, Pituitary, thyroid

Developmental Biology Live gametes under microscope (Sperm motility, Sperm structure, Sperm count &

their staining techniques)

Developmental stages of Frog

Metamorphic stage of Frog

Living Chick embryos( 18-21 hours, 24-28 hours, 30-36 hours, 42-48 hours, 72

&96 hours)

Window preparation in egg of Hen

Whole mount of Chick embryo stage(Demonstration)

Developmental stages of Drosophila

Suggested Reading:

� Chordate Zoology, Verma, P.S., Aggarwal,V.K., S. Chand Publications

� Practical Zoology, Invertebrates, Lal, S.S. Rastogi Publications, Merrut

� Practical Zoology, Invertebrates,Kohli,K.S.,Ansari, A.S. Ramesh Book Depot,

New Delhi.

SEMESTER V

PAPER I: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (ZOL-501)

UNITS

TOPICS

Teaching

Hours

UNIT

I • Basic concepts in Genetic Engineering

Enzymology of Genetic engineering- Restriction

enzymes,DNA ligase,Polymerase

• Cloning vehicles-plasmids Cosmids, Lambda

phage & yeast plasmids

10

UNIT

II • Analysis & expression of cloned gene in host cell-,

Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Polymerase

chain reaction, DNA probes

• Genomic library & cDNA library

• Transgenics

9

UNIT

III

• Hybridoma technology,Monoclonal antibodies and

their applications

• Brief account of cloning: Genomic research-its

advantages and disadvantages

• Human Genome Project (Group Discussion)

5

UNIT

IV

Immunity

• Innate & adaptive immunity

• Cells, Tissues and Molecules of immune system

• Antigen & antibodies- Structure, types, interaction

in vivo and in vitro

• MHC genes & gene products

• Cytokines-Basic concepts

•

11

UNIT

V • Mechanism of Humoral & Cell mediated immune

response

• Complement and its action

• AIDS

10


Suggested Readings:

� Molecular Biotechnology. Glick B.R. & Pasternak J. J; ASM Press.

� Principles of gene manipulation; An introduction to genetic

engineering; Old, R.W & Primrose, S.B; Blackwell Science.

� Elementary biotechnology, Gupta, P.K; Rastogi Puplications; Meerut.

� Immunology; Kuby; W.H; Freeman Publications.

� R.C. Dubey, A Text Book of Biotechnology, S. Chand and Company,

New Delhi.

� H.D.Kumar, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vikas Publishing

House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

� D.M. Wear, Immunology ELBS (English) Language Book Society

Low Priced edition, Longman Singapore Publishers Ltd.

� Iyan M. Roitt essential Immunology EIBS Low Priced Edition Black

well Scientic Publications.

PAPER II:MICROBIOLOGY (ZOL-502)


hours UNIT

I

Brief introduction to the history of Microbiology

• Work of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

• Work of Louis Pasteur, John Tyndall, Robert Koch &

Jenner

Prokaryota(Bacteria)

• Size, shape & pattern of Arrangement

• Structural Organization—Slime layer(Capsule) Cell

envelope,Cytoplasmic membrane(Inner membrane),

Cell wall(Outer membrane) of gram-ve & gram +ve

bacteria,Mesosomes; Cytoplasmic organization, Cell

projections- Flagella & pili

9

UNIT

II

Virus(Lytic & Lysogenic cycles)

Genetic material of bacteria: Chromosomes, Plasmids,

Replication of bacterial DNA

8

UNIT

III

Reproduction in Bacteria: Asexual reproduction: Binary

fission, budding, Endospore formation& cyst formation

Sexual reproduction:Conjugation

Transduction & Bacterial recombination

Microbial nutrition culture of Bacteria

• Carbon & energy source

• Nitrogen & minerals

• Organic growth factors

• Microbial growth

Environmental factors: Temperature, Hydrogen ion

concentration

15

UNIT

IV

Bacterial of medical importance:

Gram +ve:

• Cocci : Staphylococci, Streptococci

• Bacilli: Diptheria, Tetanus

Gram –ve:

• Cocci: Gonnorrhea, Meningitis

• Bacilli: Diarrhoea

8

UNIT

V

Mycobacteria: Tuberclosis

Hepatitis (with emphasis on B type)

The causative agents, Transmission, Pathogenicity,

Laboratory, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

5


Suggested Readings:

� Microbial:T.Stuart Walker,W.B.Saunders Company

� Microbiological Application,Alfred E.Brown,McGraw.Hill

� Practical Biochemistry:Principles &Techniques; Keith Wilson& John

Walker;Cambridge University Press.

� Lechiman, W.Microbiology, Glenced Pub1. Co. New York

� Nestler, R.L. Microbiology, W.S. Saunders, Philadelphia (Student

edition:Holt-Saunders International Edition, Tokyo).

� Salle,S.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology,Tata Mc Graw Hill

Pub. Co., New Delhi.

� Stonier, T.I. Nouderroff, and Adeloverg, E.A. General Microbiology.

� Jaceb D. Avum Vyas A.D.K. Parichayak suchmjeev vigyan, Ramesh

Book Depot,Jaipur

� Jacob D.Introductory Microbiology,Ramesh Book Depot,Jaipur.

� Cruick shank et al. Medical Microbiology.The English Language

Book Society,London.

� P.D. Sharma, Microbiology,Rastogi and Company, Merrut.

� David Freifelder-Molecular Biology, Narosa Publishing House, New

Delhi.

SEMESTER V :PRACTICAL(ZOL-503)

Biotechnology and Microbiology:

• Principle and working of equipments used in biotechnology laboratory(SDS-

PAGE apparatus, horizontal DNA Electrophoresis chamber, Laminar

Airflow, Autoclave, Incubator, pH meter, Homogenizer, Ascending and

Descending Chromatographic chamber, Thin Layer Chromatographic

Apparatus ,Microtome)

• Preparation and use culture media for microbes

• Study of microbes in food material(curd, milk rotten fruits and vegetables)

• Educational tour to any Microbiology lab (Food processing factory,

Distillery, Dairy etc.)Candidates will have to submit a report on it.

• Culturing of Bacteria from soil/water samples.

Immunology:

Experiments on Antigen and Antibody reaction.

• Blood typing

• ELISA

• Ochterlony double diffusion

Suggested Reading: � Practical Biochemistry:Principles &Techniques; Keith Wilson& John

Walker;Cambridge University Press.

� Microbiology, A laboratory manual by Cappucino,James,G.

� Practical Exercises in Cytology, Genetics, Plant Breeding and

Biostatistics. Raghuvanshi.

SEMESTER VI

PaperI: Ethology And Evolution (ZOL-601)


hours

UNIT

I • Chemical origin of Life

• Lamarckism & Darwinism

• Natural selection(Differential reproduction)

• Genetic basis of evolution

7

UNIT

II • Variation and Speciation

• Isolation

• Adaptations

• Palaeontology: fossils: Geological division of the

Earth crust: imperfection of fossil record

7

UNIT

III • Zoogeographical distribution:Principal

zoogeographical regions of the world with reference

to their mammalian fauna

• Continental drift

• Study of Extinct forms: Dinosaurs, Archaeopteryx

7

UNIT

IV • Introduction of Ethology

• Concept of Ethology: Fixed action pattern, Sign

stimulus, Innate releasing mechanism, Action

specific energy, motivation, imprinting & learning

• Methods of studying brain behaviour:

Neuroanatomical, neurophysiological,

neurochemical techniques

14

UNIT

V • Elementary idea of role of Pheromones

• Societies: Characteristics & advantages with special

reference to Honey Bee, Deer & Monkey

10


Suggested Readings: � An introduction to behaviour; Manning, A & Dawkins, M. S.; Cambridge Low Price

Edition.

� Animal Behaviour; Mathur, R.; Rastogi Publications, Meerut Introduction to evolution;

Moody.

� Genetics and Origin of Speices. Dohnzhansky, Th., F.J.Alaya, G.L.Stebbines and

J.M.Valentine. Surjeet Publication, Delhi.

� Evolutinary Biology, Futuyamma, D.J.Suinuauer Associates, INC Publishers,

Sunderland.

� Genes and Evolution. Jha A.P.John Publication, New Delhi

� Evolution and Genetics Merral, D.J.Holt, Rinchart and Winston, Inc.

� Evolutinary Genetics. Smith,J.M. Oxford University Press, New York.

� Evolution. Strikberger, M.W.Jones and Barlett Publishers, Boston London chordates

� Evolution, V.B.Rastogi, Kedar Nath, Ram Nath, Merrut.

Paper II: Ecology & Biostatistics (ZOL-602)


hours

UNIT

I • Autecology & Synecology

• Abiotic Factors of Environment—Temperature, light ,

Pressure

• Substratum-Soil as a substratum

• Biogeochemical cycles-Nitrogen, Carbon, Water &

Sulphur

• Populations- Characteristics, Growth and its analysis,

Regulation of densities, growth curves

10

UNIT

II • Competition in nature- Intraspecific & interspecific

• Niche concept, Competition exclusion

• Predation & parasitism- Concept, evolution of prey-

predator strategies, evolution of parasitism, Host-

parasite relationship

• Commensalism & Mutualism

8

UNIT

III • Communities – Succession, Biome, Ecotone, Edge

effect

• Ecosystem- Components of ecosystem, energy flow,

ecological pyramids, Food chain, Food web Habitat

Ecology-Aquatic,Marine, Terrestrial-Desert ,Forest

• Wildlife management, conservation of renewable

resources

• Environmental pollution – Air & water pollutants,

Global warming, Pollution control strategies

10

UNIT

IV • Introduction, scope and application of Biostatistics

• Frequency distribution

• Graphical presentation of data

7

UNIT

V • Mean. mode, median and their significance

• Standard deviation and standard error and their

significance

• Significance tests t-test and chi-square

10


Suggested Readings: � Biostatistics; Gupta, S.P.;Sultan Chand &Co.

� Fundamentals of ecology; Odum, E.P.; W.B.Saunders, New Delhi.

� Environmental Biology; Verma P.S. & Agarwal U.K; S. Chand &Co. NewDelhi

� Environmental science-S.C. Santra, New Central Book Agency.

� Soil and the Environment: An introduction Alanwild, Cambridge press. � Bencroft, H. Introduction to Biostatistics Harper and Row. New York, 1957.

� Bailey, N.T.J. Statistical method in Biology Low Priced Text Book English Language Society,

London, 1959.

� Dunn. O J., Basic Statistics: A Primer for the biomedical science John Wiley & Sons. Inc. New

York, 1964.

SEMESTER VI:PRACTICAL(ZOL-603)

Ethology- To be given as Project

• Paramecium and Ant behaviour

• General behaviour of experimental mice

• General behaviour of commonly found animals (Locust,Passer, Koel,

Pigeon, Humming bird, Peacock, Weaver bird, Squirrel,Dog,Deer,

Monkey)

Evolution- To be given as Project

• Adaptive modification in feet and beak in birds

• Analogy and Homology

• Serial homology

Ecology:

• Water analysis (Acidity,Alkalinity,chlorine,oxygen,carbon-di-oxide)

• Soil analysis (by Kit)

Biostatistics:

• Construction of frequency tables ,histograms,polygon,pie-charts

• Exercises on mean, mode, median

Suggested Reading:

� Practical Zoology, Invertebrates, Kohli,K.S., Ansari, A.S. Ramesh Book

Depot, New Delhi.

� Handbook of methods in Environmental Studies, Maiti,S.K., Jaipur

Publications

***

courses of study for

Documents