country nuclear profile of nigeria
TRANSCRIPT
OUTLINE
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
2. NUCLEAR POWER SITUATION
3. NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS
General Information
Nigeria is located on the west coast of Africa.
Bordered on the north by the Niger and Chad; east by Cameroon; west by the Benin; and on the south by the Gulf of Guinea and Equatorial Guinea.
It has a total area of 923,766 square kilometers
Land area consists of 910,768 square kilometers,
Water area of 13,000 square kilometers and
Total coastline of 853 kilometers.
The main drainage systems are the Niger-Benue Rivers, the Lake Chad and the coastal river systems.
Geography and Climate
Geography and Climate Cont.
The official language is English
The main religions are Islam Christianity and Traditional.
Sea ports are located at Lagos, Warri, Port Harcourt, Onne and Calabar (EPZ),
International airports are at Lagos, Kano, Port Harcourt and Abuja.
Geography and Climate Cont.
The vegetation is a typical tropical climate with four broad vegetation belts:
the Mangrove Swamp on the coast,
the Rain Forest,
the Woodland Savannah, and
the Guinea and Sudan Savannah in the North.
Relatively high temperatures around 32 degrees Celsius.
There are two basic seasons: wet season and dry season
Population
The population of Nigeria is more than 160 million with a wide diversity of peoples.
374 distinct ethnic groups with Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba being the major groups.
Population information
Source: National Population Commission; World Bank
Average annual growth rate (%)
1990 2000 2010 2012
Population (millions)
86.97 116.03 154.49 162.42 3.5
Population density (inhabitants/km²)
94 125 173.94 175 3.7
Urban Population as % of total
37 40 50 52 3.5
Area (1000 km²) 923.77 923.77 923.77 923.77
ECONOMIC DATA INFORMATION
Source: National Population Commission; World Bank
Average annual growth rate (%)
1990 2000 2010 2012** 2010 to 2012
GDP (millions of current
US$) 44,160 75,910 168,590 243,980 8.6
GDP (millions of constant
2000 US$) 59,609 75,910 544,600 556,774 7.69
GDP per capita (PPP*
US$/capita) 1750 2333 2232.28 2533.05 6.43
GDP per capita (current
US$/capita) 718 994 1,278.37 1326 9.08
ENERGY INFORMATION
Resources Type Reserves
Crude Oil 36.5 billion barrels
Natural Gas 187.4 trillion SCF
Coal & lignite Over 4 billion tonnes
Tar Sand 31 billion barrel of oil equivalent
Hydropower (Large) 11,250MW
Hydropower (Small) 3,500MW
Fuelwood 13 million Hectares
Animal Waste 61 million tonnes/yr
Crop residual 83 million tonnes/yr
Solar Radiation 3.5-7.0 kWh/m2 -day
Wind 2-4 m/s (annual average)
Source: Energy Commission of Nigeria
Energy policy
In 2003 the Federal Government approved an overall National Energy Policy (NEP) for the nation. The major objectives of the National Energy Policy include: To ensure the development of the nation’s energy
resources, with diversified energy resources option.
To guarantee increased contribution of energy productive activities.
To guarantee adequate, reliable and sustainable supply of energy at appropriate costs and in an environmentally friendly manner.
To guarantee an efficient and cost effective consumption pattern of energy resources.
Energy policy Cont.
To accelerate the process of acquisition and diffusion of technology and managerial expertise.
To promote increased investments and development of the energy sector industries with substantial private sector participation.
To ensure a comprehensive, integrated and well informed energy sector plans and programmes.
To foster international co-operation in energy trade and projects development in both the African region and the world at large.
To successfully use the nation’s abundant energy resources to promote international co-operation.
Electricity Policy And Decision
Making Process
The major power utility in the country known as the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) is owned by the Federal Government. Until recently, it had the monopoly for the generation, transmission and distribution of centralized grid power. In order to remove this monopoly, in 2005, the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) was enacted to engender greater efficiency and sustainability in the system. The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) was created and mandated to regulate the electricity sector based on free market economic principles
Electricity Policy And Decision
Making Process CONT.
The ongoing process of privatization in the PHCN will lead to the creation of six separate generation companies and eleven distribution companies. While only the transmission aspect would remain under government control via Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). A National Integrated Power Project (NIPP) has been embarked by the Federal Government aimed at increasing the generation capacity to 20,000MW by 2015. Nuclear power has been factored into the energy mix.
GW (monthly average)
POWER GENERATION VS. AVAILABLE INSTALLED CAPACITY SOURCE: Federal Ministry of Power
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
6.0
2.5
3.0
0
3.6
5.9
Q1
3.6
5.4
Q4
3.7
4.8
Q3
3.7
4.7
Q2
3.0
4.5
Q1
3.7 4.0
Q4
3.0
4.5
Q3
3.5
4.0
Q2
3.0
5.3
Q1
2.6
4.7
Q4
2.6
5.1
Q3
2.0
4.6
Q2
2.5
5.1
Q1
2.9
4.8
2009 2010 2011 2012
Peak delivered capacity (monthly average)
Available capacity (monthly average)
TO SAKETE
ONITSHA
KAINJI
JEBBA/GS
JEBBA/TS
SHIRORO
Ikeja
Akure
Uyo
Birnin Kebbi
Minna
Kaduna
Abuja
Jos
Bauchi
Gombe
Damaturu
Maiduguri Kano
IIorin
Ado Ekiti
Enugu Akwa
Ibadan
Sokoto
Gusau
Katsina
Hadejia
Jalingo
Yola
Abakaliki
Calabar
JIGAWA
KANO
KATSINA
SOKOTO
ZAMFARA
KEBBI
KWARA
KADUNA
NIGER
NASSARAWA
TARABA
YOBE
PLATEAU
EBONYI
CROSS RIVER
OSUN
BAYELSA
EDO
DELTA
ONDO
OYO
IMO
ADAMAWA
BORNO
GOMBE
BAUCHI
EKITI
LAGOS
ATLANTIC OCEAN
NIGER
REPUBLIC OF BENIN
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
REPUBLIC OF
CHAD
SAPELE P/ST.
DELTA POWER ST.
OGUN
Osogbo
NIGERIA
Potiskum
Niamey
132 kV
Mambila
Bali
AFAM POWER ST.
Asaba Benin
EGBIN P/ST.
Lokoja
ABUJA
AJAOKUTA
Lafia
Makurdi
MAKURDI BENUE
KOGI
ENUGU
Aliade
ABIA
AKWA IBOM
Owerri
AN AMBRA
Port Harcourt
RIVERS
Umuahia
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
4
3
ALAGBADO
Abeokuta
Olorunsogo
TRANSMISSION LINE LEGEND
BULK SUPPLY POINT
HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION
THERMAL POWER STATIONS
330 KV H
330KV LINES (EXISTING) – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES - EXISTING
2
2
2
330KV LINES (FGN) – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES (PROPOSED PROJECT)
– MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES (NIPP) – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES - FGN
330KV LINES - NIPP
330KV LINES - PROPOSED PROJECT
2
765KV Super-Grid line
POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
Source: Federal Ministry of Power, Nigeria
2. NUCLEAR POWER SITUATION
2.1 Historical development and current organizational structure
2.2 Nuclear power plants: Overview 2.3 Future development of Nuclear Power 2.4 Organizations involved in construction of NPPs 2.5 Organizations involved in operation of NPPs 2.6 Organizations involved in decommissioning of
NPPs 2.7 Fuel cycle including waste management 2.8 Research and development 2.9 Human resources development 2.10 Stakeholder Communication
Historical development and current
organizational structure
Overview
Activities leading to the activation of the nuclear power programme are listed as follows: 1976 Creation of Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission (NAEC) 1978 Establishment of two university-based
Nuclear Energy Centres were established in Ile-Ife and Zaria respectively.
1979 Creation of Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN)
!991 Establishment of Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja.
1995 Establishment of Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA)
Overview cont.
2004 Inter-Ministerial Committee on Energy Resources identified Nuclear as a major potential source.
2005 Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee (TC)
on NPP mandated to evaluate the feasibility of deploying NPP.
2006 NAEC was activated 2007 National Nuclear Power Roadmap and
Strategy approved by Federal Government 2007 – 2010 Three additional university-based Nuclear
Energy Research Centers established at Port Harcourt, Maiduguri and Owerri
Current organizational chart
Current organizational chart cont.
Future development of Nuclear
Power
Nuclear power development strategy
The nuclear power development strategy consists of three
phases, namely: Manpower Training, Capacity Building and Infrastructure
Development; Design Certification; Siting; Regulatory and Licensing
Approvals; and Construction and Start-up. The strategic plan for the implementation of the programme is aimed at enabling Nigeria to: Generate electricity from NPP in twelve years and Develop the local capacity to internalize nuclear power.
Nuclear Power Development
Strategy
The Strategic Plan is broken into three parts;
The first is the short-term which deals with the immediate activities of putting the project management structures to effectively launch and implement the programme.
The medium-term strategy entails all the activities that will lead to the construction and operation of the first NPP through a Turnkey contractual arrangement, while
The long-term phase of the strategy addresses the issues of expanding the NPP programme to build multiple units, spent fuel and waste management.
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF GENERALIZE TIME SCALE.
NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR
ELECTRICITY
TARGETS
Viable clean energy option
Injection of 1000MWe by 2022
Injection of 4000MWe by 2030
Reduction of CO2 Emission
Expansion of industrial base
Enhancement of employment opportunities
Reduction of electricity tariff PERIOD I
COMMITMENT PERIOD
2007-2010
PERIOD II INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT PERIOD
2011-2015
PERIOD III
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
2016 – 2019.
PERIOD IV
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
2020 – 2025.
PERIOD V
COMMISSIONING AND OPERATION
PERIOD
2026 – 2030.
Project management
The Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission, which operates under the Presidency, is vested with the primary responsibility for: the planning and implementation of the
country’s nuclear power programme. the management and implementation of
the NPP project.
Project Funding
Currently, the Federal Government is funding the manpower training and infrastructure development component of the programme.
The first project will be implemented on a turnkey basis.
Preferred structure of the NPP-OOO would be a Special-Purpose-Vehicle (SPV) in the form of a “Joint Stock Company” (JSC) which would be created in accordance with national laws and corporate governance.
Electric Grid Development
There is massive upgrade, redesign and expansion of the transmission network to cope with additional capacity needed to meet the projected increase in demand for electricity up to the year 2030.
It is expected that at the time nuclear power plants will become operational, the grid will be strong and stable enough to absorb the injection of electricity from the nuclear plants.
Nigerian Power Grid: Existing, On-going and Proposed 330KV Lines Network
TO SAKETE
ONITSHA
KAINJI
JEBBA/GS
JEBBA/TS
SHIRORO
Ikeja
Akure
Uyo
Birnin Kebbi
Minna
Kaduna
Abuja
Jos
Bauchi
Gombe
Damaturu
Maiduguri Kano
IIorin
Ado Ekiti
Enugu Akwa
Ibadan
Sokoto
Gusau
Katsina
Hadejia
Jalingo
Yola
Abakaliki
Calabar
JIGAWA
KANO
KATSINA
SOKOTO
ZAMFARA
KEBBI
KWARA
KADUNA
NIGER
NASSARAWA
TARABA
YOBE
PLATEAU
EBONYI
CROSS RIVER
OSUN
BAYELSA
EDO
DELTA
ONDO
OYO
IMO
ADAMAWA
BORNO
GOMBE
BAUCHI
EKITI
LAGOS
ATLANTIC OCEAN
NIGER
REPUBLIC OF BENIN
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
REPUBLIC OF
CHAD
SAPELE P/ST.
DELTA POWER ST.
OGUN
Osogbo
NIGERIA
Potiskum
Niamey
132 kV
Mambila
Bali
AFAM POWER ST.
Asaba Benin
EGBIN P/ST.
Lokoja
ABUJA
AJAOKUTA
Lafia
Makurdi
MAKURDI
BENUE KOGI
ENUGU
Aliade
ABIA
AKWA IBOM
Owerri
AN AMBRA
Port Harcourt
RIVERS
Umuahia
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 1
4
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
4
3
ALAGBADO
Abeokuta
2
Olorunsogo
TRANSMISSION LINE LEGEND
BULK SUPPLY POINT
HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION
THERMAL POWER STATIONS
330 KV
H
330KV LINES (EXISTING) – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES - EXISTING
2
2
2
330KV LINES (FGN) – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES (PROPOSED PROJECT)
– MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES (NIPP) – MULTIPLE CIRCUITS
330KV LINES - FGN
330KV LINES - NIPP
330KV LINES - PROPOSED PROJECT
2
765KV Super-Grid line
Site Selection
7 sites were considered for site survey and site evaluation exercises by the Commission, two sites have been designated for further detailed characterization and recommendation to government. The sites are located in the areas around: Geregu/Ajaokuta Local Government Area of Kogi State in the
North Central Zone of the country. Itu Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State in the South-
South Zone. All the sites currently being considered would be able to
accommodate more than one nuclear power plant
Site Selection Cont.
Organizations involved in
construction of NPPs
NAEC is the organisation responsible for the implementation of the nuclear power projects.
It is still in the process of selecting appropriate nuclear power plant site, reactor technology and likely vendors.
Fuel cycle including waste
management
The Nigerian nuclear power programme would not develop indigenous fuel cycle technologies and related facilities in the near future. The fuel supply for the nuclear power plants will be a part of the supply contracts. For safe management of radioactive sources in the country, a National Policy and Regulations on Radioactive Waste Management has been developed. A comprehensive Spent Fuel Policy, Regulation and Guidance document is being prepared by a technical committee. Furthermore, a centralized facility for the management of low and intermediate radioactive wastes is currently being developed to deepen the culture of nuclear wastes safety. These programmes are being developed in collaboration with the IAEA
Research and development
R&D organizations
The capacity building and infrastructure development components of the national programme are based in the six nuclear research centers, namely: Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria, Kaduna State; Center for Energy Research and Development (CERD), Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Nuclear Technology Centre (NTC), Sheda Science and Technology
Complex, Abuja, FCT. Center for Nuclear Energy Research and Training (CNERT), University
of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Bornu State Center for Nuclear Energy Studies (CNES), University of Port Harcourt,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State Center for Nuclear Energy Studies and Training (CNEST), Federal
University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, Imo State
International Co-operation And Initiatives
Nigeria has benefited, in the area of nuclear power development, from the Technical Cooperation assistance of the IAEA through the following programmes: Energy Planning Studies Using Appropriate Analytical
Tools; Feasibility Study for NPP development; Development of Legislative Framework for NPP
Implementation; Development of Regulatory Framework and
Infrastructure; Developing Capacities in Pre-Project Activities for
Nuclear Power Projects; and Development of a Comprehensive National
Radioactive Waste Management System and Disposal Facility, among others.
International co-operation and initiatives
Cont.
Development of a Comprehensive National Radioactive Waste Management System and Disposal Facility, among others.
The Government of Nigeria, is also exploring avenues for further international cooperation for the implementation of the nuclear power programs.
These will entail bilateral as well as multilateral cooperation agreements.
Furthermore, Nigeria has decided to sign up as a partner with GNEP initiative, and at the appropriate time, will also fully participate in the INPRO project.
Nigeria has also signed a cooperation agreement on nuclear power development with the Russian Federation. Some other agreements are also being considered.
Human Resources Development
The strategy for the human resource development includes:
formal education in universities and polytechnics;
on-the-job training;
facility-specific-training provided by reactor vendor
organizations;
direct participation during project implementation and
partnerships with experienced power utility organizations for initial operation of power plants, among others.
Human Resources Development cont.
Steps taken to actualize human resource development plan includes: Strengthening and positioning local institutions for training
of nuclear engineers, scientists and technicians. NAEC has entered into MOUs with several national
universities and polytechnics for the purpose of producing the requisite manpower that will implement the programme in a sustainable manner.
Commencement of postgraduate studies in Nuclear Science and Nuclear Engineering at four partnering universities
Cooperation and partnership with off-shore institutions to train graduate nuclear scientists and engineers as potential faculty for the implementation of the training programmes in the local institutions.
Human Resources Development cont.
Development of physical facilities such as laboratories, workshops and IT facilities, for the implementation of the training programmes in the designated institutions.
Provision of centralized relevant research facilities and
infrastructure at the six national nuclear energy Research Centers for training and capacity building.
Establishment of institutional linkages and bilateral
cooperation for the training of personnel in the various technical and allied fields in the sector.
Stakeholder Communication
There is sustained communication between NAEC and the various organizations in the National Nuclear Energy Programme Implementation Committee (NEPIC).
NAEC is working with the Federal Ministry of Information and media organizations to develop appropriate ways and means of communicating effectively with the directly public to make them more receptive to the introduction of nuclear power in the country.
3. NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS
3.1 Regulatory framework 3.2 Main national laws and regulations in nuclear
power
3.1 Regulatory framework
Regulatory authority(s)
The Nigeria Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) was created by the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act 19 of 1995 (Act 19 of 1995) and became operational in 2001.
It is regulates all nuclear activities in the country, including the enforcement of all nuclear laws and regulations.
It enforces all ratified and/or domesticated nuclear related international laws and treaties.
NNRA is also responsible for radiation protection and nuclear safety.
Licensing Process
Currently, procedures for the licensing of nuclear power facilities are being developed by the NNRA.
A draft regulation for NPP site licensing is being developed.
Main National Laws And Regulations In
Nuclear Power
Currently, the requisite operational laws in nuclear power development include:
The Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission Law (Act 46 of 1976). The Law is being reviewed / amended to make it cover
all aspects of nuclear power plants development, operation and decommissioning.
Major elements which are being addressed in the law
include nuclear security, radioactive materials and radiation, nuclear liability, radioactive waste, spent fuel and decommissioning, environmental protection, emergency notification of nuclear incidents, foreign investment, and safety of nuclear installations, among others.
Main National Laws And Regulations In
Nuclear Power
The Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) Act 19 of 1995 which is also being amended for comprehensive coverage of Nuclear Power.
National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act 25 of 2007.
Nigeria has endorsed the IAEA Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources and the associated Guidance on the import and export of radioactive sources.
Main National Laws And Regulations In
Nuclear Power
Nigeria has since 2006 promulgated the following regulations:
The Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources Regulations
The Transportation of Radioactive Sources Regulations.
Nigerian Radioactive Waste Management Regulations
Draft Regulations/Guidelines for Licensing of Sites for Nuclear Power Plants.
Main National Laws And Regulations In
Nuclear Power
A National Nuclear or Radiological Emergency Response Plan (NNRERP) has been developed consistent with the requirements of the IAEA Safety Standard Series No. GS-R-2 and the International Safety Standards for the Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (BSS 115) and in accordance with the IAEA EPR-Method 2003. The NNRERP is being integrated into the National Disaster Response Plan (NDRRP) of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA).
Nigerian Radiation Safety in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Regulations
Nigerian Radiation Safety in Radiotherapy Regulations,
Nigerian Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine Regulations.
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