cosmic dust and cosmology thomas prevenslik qed radiations discovery bay, hong kong, china aprim...
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Cosmic Dust and Cosmology
Thomas Prevenslik
QED Radiations
Discovery Bay, Hong Kong, China
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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Since Hubble, cosmology based on Doppler’s redshift considers the Universe as finite beginning and expanding ever
since the Big Bang.
If, however, Hubble’s redshift is shown to have a non-Doppler origin, the Universe need not be expanding.
Redshift without an expanding Universe is of utmost importance as the outstanding problems in cosmology would
be resolved by Newtonian Mechanics.
Introduction
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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Dusty Galaxies
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
NGC 3314
Dust affects redshift measurements
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Purpose
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional I-AU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Show galaxy light is redshift upon absorption in NPs of cosmic dust
NP = nanoparticle (Sub-micron particles < 1 micron)
Purpose is not to show cosmic dust gives the same redshift as the Doppler redshift, but to show the Doppler
redshift needs to be corrected for cosmic dust
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Mechanism
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Galaxy light is redshift by QED as its EM energy is absorbed under the TIR confinement of the cosmic dust NP.
QED = quantum electrodynamicsEM = electromagnetic
TIR = total internal reflection
QED redshift is a consequence of QM that forbids the atoms in NPs under TIR to increase in temperature upon absorbing the
EM energy of the galaxy photon.
QM = quantum mechanics. 5
Classical Physics
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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Based on classical physics, astronomers assume the single galaxy photon increases the NP temperature
( Even used as source of IR spectra)
But QM restrictions deny the atoms in NPs the heat capacity to change in temperature
QM Restrictions
1 10 100 10000.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Thermal Wavelength - l - microns
Pla
nck
En
erg
y -
E -
eV
1
kT
hcexp
hc
E
Nanoscale
kT 0.0258 eV
Classical physics (kT > 0)
QM
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Classical physics is valid only for large particles – not NPs
Macroscale
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Conservation of Energy
Lack of heat capacity by QM forbids EM energy conservation in NPs by an increase in temperature, but how does
conservation proceed?
ProposalUnder TIR, QED induces the EM energy of the single galaxy
photon to be conserved by emitting light that is redshift depending on NP material and geometry
(Blueshift can not occur)
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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In 1870, Tyndall showed light is confined by TIR in the surface if the refractive index of the body > surroundings.
Why important?
NPs have high surface to volume ratio.
Absorbed EM energy is confined totally in the NP surface to directly excite the TIR mode of the NP.
f = (c/n)/ = D E = h f
Thin films = 2D
TIR Confinement
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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Expanding Universe? You know:
Prior to 1910, the Universe was thought static and infinite
In 1916, Einstein‘s theory of relativity required an expanding or contracting
Universe
About 10 years later, Hubble measured the redshift of galaxy light that by the Doppler Effect was taken as proof of an
expanding Universe.
But you may not know
Cosmic dust of NPs that permeate the ISM can redshift galaxy light without Universe expansion
ISM = Interstelllar medium
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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Redshift Z > 0 without Universe expansion
NP
Surface AbsorptionQED under TIR
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
QED Redshift
Vc=
(Z+1 )2−1
(Z+1 )2+1 0.966 !!!
NP Velocity
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Redshift Photon
lo = (1+Z)
Z=𝑜−
In ISM, D < 500 nm.Take D = 300 nm, n = 1.5 o = 900 nm
Z = 6.4
o
Single galaxy photonLyman Alpha
= 121.6 nm
QED Redshift
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.250
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Cosmic Dust NP radius - D/2 - microns
QE
D R
edsh
ift -
Z
Gal
axy
velo
city
rat
io -
V/c
V/c
Z
Ly- = 0.1217 micron
Amorphous Silicate: n = 1.5
H- = 0.656 micron
Redshift v. Wavelength?
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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Hubble’s redshift by the Doppler effect requires the same Z for ALL wavelengths
QED induced Z is not the same for ALL wavelengths
Data ? supports Doppler shift at low Z < .05 (Astrophys J 123, 373-6, 1956)
Support for Doppler at high Z is not always reportedWhat to do?
To obtain Hubble Z, redshift Zmeas is proposed corrected with measured Z for Ly- and H- lines,
Z = Zmeas – ( ZLy- - ZH-)
Extensions
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Based on QED redshift by NPs
Sunyaev-Zel’dovich EffectTime Dilation of Supernovae Explosions
Tolman EffectDark Matter and EnergyGalaxy Rotation Problem
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Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
The CMB radiation upon interacting with galaxy clusters is found to blue-shift based on the SZE
CMB = Cosmic Microwave BackgroundSZE = Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect
Z M and SZE M SZE Z
But the SZE is found to be independent of redshift Z ?
By QED, the redshift Z does not originate inside the collapsing galaxy clusters, but rather from NPs in the path of
the galaxy cluster to the observer
SZE is indeed independent of Z15
Supernovae Light Curves
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Time dilation of Supernova light curves at low Z that take 20 days to decay will take 40 days to decay at Z =1
(At Invisible Universe - Paris - 2009, Adam Reiss argued dilation by Universe expansion)
QED redshift differs: Z NPs and NPs M Z M
At Z = 1 the SN having larger dust mass M takes a longer time to cool than at low Z
Time dilation observed in SN explosions is caused by thermal cooling of the mass M of large particles
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Tolman Test
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Tolman assumed the brightness B of an object is not modified by absorption in cosmic dust
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Aging of Supernovae spectra drops inversely with (1+Z) Blondin et al., “Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift.”
Astrophys. J. 682 (2008) 724
QED redshift gives the brightness Bo at the observer : Bo= hc/o = hc/(1+Z) = B /(1+Z)
QED redshift is consistent with SN spectra at the observer reduced by (1+Z)
Mass of Black Holes
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
The Doppler effect based on optical spectra from orbiting stars is used to infer the mass of black holes
QED redshift suggests the star moving away from us is moving faster than it actually is, thereby highly exaggerating
the black hole mass
ObserverNPs
NPs
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Galaxy Rotation Problem
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Cosmic dust asymmetry interpreted as a Doppler shift suggests the galaxy is rotating faster than it actually is.
The galaxy rotation problem is an anomaly of cosmic dust. No need for MOND
QED redshift suggests amount of dark matter/energy in the Universe inferred from spectra of spiral galaxies is exaggerated.
Is Higgs boson necessary?
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Conclusions
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
Redshift of light interpreted by the Doppler effect may grossly exaggerate the velocities of galaxies
Dark energy/matter necessary to hold the galaxies at high redshift together most likely does not exist
Correct redshift measurements
Z = Zmeas – ( ZLy- - ZH-)
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Questions & Papers
Email: [email protected]
http://www.nanoqed.org
APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea
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