DNA: Silently complete handout “North and South in the Civil War” on the back table (skip #3). Also, please check the homework board! Thank you!

Correct handout “North and South in the Civil War.”

Accountability Paper¨ Copy the whole thing by hand.¨ When finished, quietly walk to the back

table and staple your hand-written copy on the TOP to the photocopied sheet & put it in your Core 3 tray.

¨ Sit quietly and read or sleep…or if you haven’t finished all the work from last week (check homework board) do it now!

¨ I will be fishing today so…you are warned!

The War Begins: NC SecedesDNA: Read and complete the handout titled “The War Begins,” on the back table, to the best of your ability. [15-20 minutes] You may write on your copy.

-------------------After 15-20 minutes, we will go over this as a whole-class.

Correct “The War Begins” handoutDNA:

Ch. 15 – The Civil War¨ Essential Question: What factors and events

influenced the outcome of the Civil War?

¨ AIM: Students see the war unfold before their eyes as they study the sequence of battles, understand why battles were fought, feel what it was like to be a soldier in the Civil War, and remember facts about key battles to understand the outcome of the Civil War.

What you need to know about the Battles/Events

¨ Sequence of Battles/Events¨ Purpose or reason why battles were fought¨ Facts and outcomes about the Battles

List of Important Battles/Events¨ Fort Sumter¨ Bull Run/Manassas¨ Monitor and Merrimac¨ Shiloh¨ Antietam¨ Emancipation Proclamation¨ Fredericksburg .¨ Chancellorsville¨ Gettysburg¨ Vicksburg and Port Hudson¨ Sherman’s March¨ Bentonville¨ 3 Big Battles for Richmond:

– Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor ¨ Appomattox Courthouse

DNA – 3/29/2011¨ Go see if any of the work on my back wall

is yours or not. I appreciate that some of you want to help me decorate my room, but please remember to put your name on your assignment!!! Name it and give it to me!!!

¨ While you’re there, please get the handout titled, “Creating a Civil War Game” from the back table.

¨ Sit down and quietly read it. I will give you more info in a bit.

The Civil War in Four Minutes

N_360,000

S_260,000DEATHS !!!

Vs.

Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln

The War BeginsEarly Battles

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861¨ Head of the Rebels: Beauregard¨ Head of the Union: Anderson¨ Purpose: To secure a major port by the sea¨ Outcome: Confederate victory¨ Facts:

– First battle of the Civil War– No casualties– Prompted Lincoln to mobilize troops

¨ Have already seen video of this

Bull Run/Manassas: July 21st, 1861¨ Purpose:

– Union---to go to Richmond, VA– South---try to stop the Union from getting to VA

¨ Head of Rebels: “Stonewall” Jackson¨ Head of Union: McDowell¨ Outcome: Confederate Victory¨ Facts:

– Showed that the war would be long and bloody– 5,000 casualties for North– Inexperienced troops on both sides– Earned Stonewall Jackson as his nickname

General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Bull Run/Manassas: July 21st, 1861

Video Clip:

¨ Gods & Generals: Scene #9 @ 36:45-52:20(15 min.)

– For the “action” aspect– Shows Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson– Start at Thy Will Be Done & show until the end

of the war/scene• “General, how is it that you can keep so serene?”• End after this speech…

DNA – 3/31/2011¨ Again, make sure you find your work on my back

wall if it’s yours. I appreciate that some of you want to help me decorate my room, but please remember to put your name on your assignment!!! Name it and give it to me!!!

¨ While you’re there, if you didn’t get the handout titled, “Creating a Civil War Game,” please get it from the back table.

¨ If you missed yesterday, check the “missed work” folders.

¨ Sit down and wait patiently for the next part to begin…the Monitor & Merrimac.

Monitor (Union) & Merrimac (Confederacy)

Battle of the Monitor & Merrimac March 9, 1862

Battle of the Monitor & Merrimac March 9, 1862 ̈ Purpose: Confederates tried to break the Union

Blockade¨ North = Monitor, South = Merrimac¨ Outcome:

– The two battle for hours like heavy weights with no real outcome. It was a draw!

¨ Facts:– During battle, the South sank one ship, drove

another away, and forced a third to surrender.– The South’s Merrimac was covered with iron plates

4 inches thick !– Both built with low profile and lots of metal plating .

¨ Facts continued:– Both meet up at Hampton Roads, Virginia– Merrimac was hit—smoke and fumes in

engine room…over 100 degrees down there!!!

– South never mounts a serious attack on the blockade throughout the war

– All fleets around the world become obsolete – Begins a major arms race throughout the

world

Battle of the Monitor & Merrimac March 9, 1862

¨ Show Ken Burns Video: Episode #2– 14:06-20:38 “Ironclads” (6 min.)

• Also introduces Union General U.S. Grant

Battle of the Monitor & Merrimac March 9, 1862

Shiloh (Place of Peace): April 6th, 1862¨ Head of Rebels: Johnston and Beauregard

– Less than 30,000 troops¨ Head of Union: Grant

– 42,000 troops¨ Purpose:

– Union tried to take control of the Mississippi River

¨ Outcome: Union victory¨ Facts:

– 2,477 total dead– Showed that the Union’s strategy to take

control of Mississippi might succeed– Showed that the war would be deadly

General Pierre Beauregard

General Ulysses S. Grant

Shiloh (Place of Peace): April 6th, 1862

¨ Show Ken Burns Video: The Civil War– Episode #2 @ 32:00-44:00 (12 min.)

Antietam: September 17th, 1862¨ Head of Confederate Forces: Lee¨ Head of Union Forces: McClellan¨ Purpose: Confederates march on “the offensive”

into Maryland¨ Outcome of the Battle: Union victory or draw¨ Facts:

– Union soldiers find Lee’s battle plans– Bloodiest single day battle in U.S. history– 23,000 men die or are missing in 12 hours– 15th Massachusetts has 50% killed or wounded– South loses 25% of its soldiers

General Robert E. Lee

General George McClellan

Antietam: September 17th, 1862¨ Show Battlefield Detectives (45 min.)

Emancipation Proclamation¨ DNA: Read and

complete handout on the back table.

¨ When finished, silently look over your answers to make sure they are correct! Hint Hint!!!

¨ Thank You!

Emancipation Proclamation¨ On July 22, 1862, Lincoln showed a draft of the preliminary Emancipation

Proclamation to his cabinet. It proposed to emancipate the slaves in all rebel areas on January 1, 1863. Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed with the proposal, but cautioned Lincoln to wait until the Union had a major victory before formally issuing the proclamation. Lincoln's chance came after the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam in September of 1862. He issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22. The proclamation warned the Confederate states to surrender by January 1, 1863, or their slaves would be freed.

¨ Some people were critical of the proclamation for only freeing some of the slaves. Others, including Frederick Douglass, were jubilant. Douglass felt that it was the beginning of the end of slavery, and that it would act as a "moral bombshell" to the Confederacy. Yet he and others feared that Lincoln would give in to pressure from northern conservatives, and would fail to keep his promise. Despite the opposition, however, the president remained firm. On January 1, 1863, he issued the final Emancipation Proclamation. With it he officially freed all slaves within the states or parts of states that were in rebellion and not in Union hands. This left one million slaves in Union territory still in bondage.

Emancipation Proclamation¨ Throughout the North, African Americans and their white allies were

exuberant. They packed churches and meeting halls and celebrated the news. In the South, most slaves did not hear of the proclamation for months. But the purpose of the Civil War had now changed. The North was not only fighting to preserve the Union, it was fighting to end slavery.

¨ Throughout this time, northern black men had continued to pressure the army to enlist them. A few individual commanders in the field had taken steps to recruit southern African Americans into their forces. But it was only after Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation that the federal army would officially accept black soldiers into its ranks.

¨ African American men rushed to enlist. This time they were accepted into all-black units. The first of these was the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Colored Regiment, led by white officer Robert Gould Shaw. Their heroism in combat put to rest worries over the willingness of black soldiers to fight. Soon other regiments were being formed, and in May 1863 the War Department established the Bureau of Colored Troops. The proclamation allowed black soldiers to fight for the Union -- soldiers that were desperately needed. It also tied the issue of slavery directly to the war.

Comprehension Questions1. In the opening paragraph, when did Lincoln warn the Confederate states to

surrender by?2. Why were some people critical of the proclamation? 3. On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation,

officially freeing “all slaves within the states or parts of states that were in rebellion and not in Union hands.” However, this left about how many slaves in Union territory still in bondage?

4. In the beginning of the Civil War, the North was mainly fighting to preserve the Union. After Lincoln gave the Emancipation Proclamation, the purpose of the war changed. What was the purpose of the Civil War now?

5. Could black soldiers enlist in the Union army before Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation? Yes or No

6. The first Colored Regiment, the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, was led by a white officer named:

a) Frederick Douglass b)William H. Seward c) Abraham Lincoln d) Robert Gould Shaw

Emancipation Proclamation¨ Definition: A law

issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, making slavery illegal in the Confederate states.

Purpose for giving the Address:¨ Mid 1862-He believed the only way to win the

war was by broadening his goals– Slavery must end, but to what extent?

¨ Did not want England and other countries entering the war on the South’s side– England ended slavery in the late 1700’s

¨ Did not want to upset slave owners in the Union and Union held territory

¨ Believed it would give the slaves in the South hope and get them to resist

¨ Lincoln was receiving political pressure as there were no clear decisive military victories

¨ Waited for a Union Victory to announce plan– Antietam– Was it really a Union Victory?

Purpose for giving the Address:

Emancipation Proclamation¨ Facts:¨ The Emancipation Proclamation made

slavery illegal in the 11 rebelling Southern states, but it left slavery in place in the states that had stayed loyal to the Union.

¨ However, this did not mean slaves were free in the Union or Union held territory.

Emancipation Proclamation¨ Free the Slaves!¨ Video Clip: “The People Speak”

– (listen to and watch DVD)– Provide students with handout

Fredericksburg: December 11-15, 1862

¨ Head of the Rebels: Lee¨ Head of the Union: Burnside¨ Purpose: Union again attempts to go to

Richmond and take the South’s capital¨ Outcome: Confederate victory¨ Facts:

– One of the worst defeats of the war for the Union– Battle of the Irish Brigades: N vs. S– 5 day battle—13th was the main battle– 13,000 Union Casualties– 5,000 Confederate Casualties

General Robert E. Lee

General Ambrose Burnside

http://www.historyanimated.com/FredericksburgAnimation.html

Fredericksburg: December 11-15, 1862

¨ Gods and Generals: Show Video (28 min.)– Disc #1—Ch.24-26 (1:38:52-1:52:30)– Disc #2—Ch.27-30 (0:00-14:20)

Chancellorsville: April 30-May 6, 1863

¨ Head of the Rebels: Lee and Stonewall Jackson¨ Head of the Union: Gen. “Fighting Joe” Hooker¨ Purpose: Gen. Hooker from the Union tries to

outflank Lee and defeat the South in Virginia ¨ Outcome: Confederate victory & perhaps Lee’s

Greatest¨ Facts:

– Numbers: North-115,000 & South-60,000– Tactics: General Lee divided his forces several times

to confuse the Union and he did– "Casualties” = dead or wounded

• North 17,000 + South 13,000 = 30,000 total !!!

Stonewall Jackson…DEAD!!!¨ Facts continued:

– Costly battle for South as Stonewall Jackson is shot by “friendly fire” on May 2nd around 9:00pm

– He dies the next day from the wounds @ 3:15pm– Stonewall was Lee’s right hand man– Extremely costly to the South– Causes Lee to retreat into Pennsylvania

¨ Gods and Generals: Show Video (22 min.)– Disc #2 – Ch.46-48 (1:10:46 – 1:27:37)

[ SKIP Ch.’s 49 & 50 ]– Disc #2 – Ch.51 (1:37:40 – 1:42:30) Jackson’s death!

Listen to 4 songs

Music Day

¨ Music can foster a deeper understanding of the attitudes, values, and issues of an era. This often-overlooked perspective will be featured in today’s lesson on differing attitudes toward the Civil War.

¨ But first, define what these 3 words mean to you by writing your “perspective” on paper.– Attitudes, Values, and Issues - ???

Do Now Activity: Introduction

Differing Attitudes Towards the Civil War:Tapping into the “Musical-Rhythmic”

intelligence of students.

Response Group Activity¨ AIM: Students will

listen to and analyze the lyrics of 4 songs to determine how Northerners, Southerners, African-Americans, and soldiers on both sides all perceived the war from differing perspectives.

Group Arrangements

---------- Roles ----------

1. 1-Presenter, 3-Writers2. All students will be responsible for recording

answers during group discussion.3. Each group will have 5 minutes to discuss the

4 critical thinking questions.4. We will then move on to the next song.5. After all songs are finished, we will have a

whole-class discussion. (presenters)

#1Johnny Is My

Darling

#2Bonnie Blue

Flag

#3Marching Song of the First of

Arkansas

#4Tenting on the Old Campground

Song #1-4: Critical Thinking Questions¨ From who’s viewpoint or perspective do you think

this song is from?– Northerner’s, Southerner’s, African-American’s, or

Soldier’s.¨ What part do you think captured the attitude of the

chosen side’s perspective best?¨ What part do you think captured the values of the

chosen side’s perspective best?¨ What part do you think captured the issues of the

chosen side’s perspective best?

Whole-Class Discussion¨ Ask presenters from 2 or 3 groups to

share their answers.¨ What is the writer’s message in each of

these songs?¨ How do you think different perspectives

and time changed people’s attitudes toward the war?

¨ How did the songs reflect these changes?

The "Marching Song"¨ “The Marching Song of the First Arkansas

Colored Regiment” is one of the few Civil War-era songs inspired by the lyrical structure of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" and the tune of "John Brown's Body" that is still performed and recorded today.

¨ The "Marching Song" has been described as “a powerful early statement of black pride, militancy, and desire for full equality, revealing the aspirations of black soldiers.”

Do Now Activity

Read handout “The North Takes Charge” and be prepared to answer questions about it!

The North Takes Charge

A Turning Point in the War

¨ Purpose: Lee tries to rampage through Pennsylvania and go to Washington

¨ Head of the Rebels: Lee¨ Head of the Union: Meade¨ Outcome: Union victory¨ Facts:

– This battle is the turning point of the war– 23,000 Union Casualties– 28,000 Confederate Casualties– The Union wins the battle at a grave cost for

both sides: over 50,000 dead or wounded

Battle of Gettysburg: July 1st - 3rd, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg: July 1st - 3rd, 1863

¨ Facts continued:– Lasted 3 long and bloody days– Cripples the South so badly that it would never recover

from the loss– Also shatters the South’s morale

¨ Key skirmishes that the South loses:– Little Round Top (Day #2)– Pickett’s Charge (Day #3)

Battle of Gettysburg: Little Round Top & Pickett’s Charge

¨ Little Round Top¨ Take the “high-ground”

¨ Reader’s Theater handout¨ Pickett’s Charge – 3rd Day of Battle

¨ Show video Battlefield Detectives, Ch.4 (38:00-43:52)¨ The Confederates “KEY mistake was…”

¨ Show Video: “Gettysburg”¨ Pickett’s Charge (40 min)

Battles of Vicksburg and Port Hudson

Battles of Vicksburg and Port Hudson: May - July, 1863¨ Purpose: The Union, led by Gen. Grant,

unleashes the Anaconda Plan to try to (1) split the south in two, (2) control the Mississippi, and (3) cut off the Confederacy’s trade with Europe.

¨ Outcomes: Both Union victories¨ Facts: – Union General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan

is put into effect!– Enlarge the picture to the right…

¨ Anaconda Plan

Why Vicksburg?

Pages 350-351

Siege of Port Hudson

¨ Reading Handout– Why did the

Union seize Port Hudson in Louisiana?

Why Port Hudson? ¨ Control of the Mississippi River was important to both sides during

the American Civil War. The North wanted to control the river and split the Confederacy in two. The South wanted to maintain control and ensure the flow of supplies back and forth across the river. Confederate control of the Mississippi was soon was in jeopardy. The Mississippi was the primary route for the shipment of supplies from Texas to the heartland of the Confederacy.

¨ The bluffs near the small town of Port Hudson represented a perfect site for the river batteries. These bluffs were the first high ground upstream from Baton Rouge and overlooked a severe bend in the river. This bend presented an additional obstacle for Union warships. They constructed a series of river batteries along the bluffs and, in the months that followed, built a 41/2-mile line of earthworks to protect the land approach to the river batteries.

Why Port Hudson continued ¨ On the morning of May 27, and again on June 14, the Union army

launched ferocious assaults against the 41/2-mile-long string of earthworks protecting Port Hudson. These actions constituted some of the bloodiest and most severe fighting in the entire Civil War.

¨ As the siege continued, the Confederates nearly exhausted their ammunition and were reduced to eating mules, horses and rats. When word reached Confederate Commander Franklin Gardner that Vicksburg had surrendered, he realized that his situation was hopeless and nothing could be gained by continuing the defense of Port Hudson. Surrender terms were negotiated, and on July 9, 1863, after 48 days and thousands of casualties, the Union army entered Port Hudson. The siege became the longest in American military history.

Why Port Hudson Questions:

Answer the reading comprehension questions as a class.

The Gettysburg Address November 19th, 1863

¨ DNA: Silently complete questions #1-4 on handout of the Gettysburg Address.

¨ We will complete #1-14 on the back as a class today.– So don’t worry about those right now!

Gettysburg AddressNovember 19th, 1863¨ Purpose: Abraham Lincoln helped the

nation realize that it was a single nation, not just a collection of states.

¨ Facts:¨ Was a dedication to the soldiers who died in

the Battle of Gettysburg…at the new Gettysburg Cemetery.

¨ See handout for more facts…

Gettysburg AddressNovember 19th, 1863¨ Get together with a partner.¨ Complete #1-14 on the back.¨ In 10-15 minutes we will correct them.

– Work quietly and efficiently! Thank you!

¨ Show Video Clip: “The People Speak”– Read the Gettysburg Address (follow along)

Gettysburg AddressNovember 19th, 1863

Reconstruction Era Begins¨ December 8th, 1863¨ Lincoln issues the Proclamation of

Amnesty and Reconstruction, offering pardons to Confederates who take a loyalty oath.– It basically outlined a path by which each

southern state could rejoin the Union.

Letters Home from the Soldiers

http://www.nps.gov/archive/gett/gettkidz/letters.htm

Dear Mother and Father,

I am still in the land of the living...

Hardships of War¨ Letters Home from the Soldiers

– Listen to/watch readings from “Civil War Minutes” DVD

– Ken Burns: Episode #2• 27:39-32:00 ---“Our Boy” (5 ½ min.)

¨ Think about what you’ve read and heard.– Technology…Home life…Camp life…– Write your own letter home describing what

life is like as a Civil War soldier, on either side.

Question: What would you write to loved ones if you were in the army and far away from home?

¨ Think about what you would write if you were a soldier. Would you write about guard duty? Army food? Camp life? The battles? What would you miss the most if you were far away from home? How about a favorite food like pizza? One may not be available if you are far away from home, maybe even in another country. It makes you appreciate the pizza shop near your home!

¨ Write a letter to a relative or friend using as many Civil War words and phrases as you can.

A General Takes Command

Ulysses S. Grant - Grant is appointed in early 1864 as head Commander of all Union armies after his win at Vicksburg. General McClellan is fired!

Early 1864: Grant after Vicksburg…

¨ Grant’s plan was to destroy Lee’s Army in Virginia while Sherman raided Georgia

¨ Tactics: – Attack constantly– Engage in total war against civilians, as well as

the military¨ His Generals:

– Sheridan– Sherman

Sheridan

Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley: 1864¨ Grant sends Sheridan into Virginian

farmland to destroy farms, the land, and the livestock.

¨ Sheridanis successful!

William Tecumseh Sherman

Sherman’s March from Atlanta to the Sea¨ Purpose:

– Destroy the will of Southerners to fight by unleashing “total war” against the Confederacy

¨ Outcome:– Was a success for the Union!

¨ Facts:– These tactics included:

• Engage in total war• Destroy civilian property• Rip up railroad tracks• Live off of the land

¨ Show Video: “Sherman’s March”

Film Overview¨ Sherman's March focuses its attention on Sherman, his friendship with Grant,

the march, and the men who followed him, we get a fairly balanced view of what Sherman did, who he was, and why he did it. To Northerners, Sherman was the savior, but to Southerners, he was the devil himself.

¨ Viewed as one of history's most controversial military campaigns, Gen. William T. Sherman's infamous march through the South, cut a path of widespread devastation and brought an end to the Civil War. The documentary comes to life through personal accounts of soldiers, ordinary citizens and Sherman himself, thought to be one of the greatest military strategists ever. This program vividly captures his historic march to the sea, starting in Atlanta and ending in Savannah.

¨ Sherman marched 60,000 troops 650 miles in less than 100 days. With most southern men away at war, Sherman brought Georgia to its knees by burning the countryside and crippling its economy. One can argue about the ethics behind his choice (Lincoln didn't approve), but one can't argue that it helped end the war sooner and that it saved thousands of lives on both sides.

200790 min.

Hero or Monster?

What was General William Sherman's legacy after the Civil War--hero or monster? How did he he treat his former soliders?

From "Sherman's March.“Video Clip (2:34)

Lincoln is Reelected in 1864¨ Lincoln vs. George McClellan

– Lincoln at first thought he would never be re-elected

– McClellan was willing to restore slavery if peace could be achieved

– Lincoln wins as a result of Sherman’s & Sheridan’s success

– The Vote is close (see map)

Electoral Vote

Union & Confederate Calvary

¨ Read and complete handout “Union & Confederate Calvary.”

¨ March 5-8, 1865

Battle of Bentonville: March 19-21, 1865

Battle of Bentonville: March 19-21, 1865 ¨ Purpose: The Union tried to break

through the Confederacy’s defense¨ Outcome: Union victory¨ Facts:

– This battle was part of Sherman's Carolinas Campaign that occurred after the capture of Savannah, Georgia in late December 1864.

– Antietam=US, Bentonville=NC– Bentonville was the last major battle to

occur between the armies of (N) Sherman and (S) Johnston.

Battle of Bentonville: March 19-21, 1865

¨ Read and complete handout “Treatment of the Wounded at the Battle of Bentonville.”

¨ Purpose: Grant attempts to capture Richmond, VA

¨ Head of the Confederacy: Lee¨ Head of the Union: Grant¨ Outcome: Union Victory¨ Facts:

– These battles took place at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor in one month’s time. (May-June, 1864) [-30 days]

Three Big Battles for Richmond, VA

Three Big Battles for Richmond, VA¨ Facts continued…

– Was known as Grant's Overland Campaign– Grant had lost 60,000 dead or wounded– South has its army shredded– Grant finally takes Lee at Petersburg near

Richmond on April 2, 1865.

Head General Robert E. Lee

Head General Ulysses S. Grant

Three Big Battles for Richmond, VA

Appomattox CourthouseApril 9th, 1865

Appomattox CourthouseApril 9th, 1865¨ Purpose: Get General Lee to surrender and

end the Civil War¨ Head of the Confederacy: Lee¨ Head of the Union: Grant¨ Outcome: Union Victory in the Civil War!!!¨ Facts:

– Lee’s soldiers were paroled and sent home with their:• Personal possessions, horses, and food rations• Officers were permitted to keep their side arms

Video Time!!!¨ Show Video¨ America: The Story of Us¨ Episode: The Civil War

– Length (45 min.)