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Khmayyis Tarnan

 ἜργαΜεγάλων

Συνθετῶν τῆςΜεσογείου

Worksof GreatMediterraneanComposers

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Αὐτό τό ἔντυπο ἔχει παραχθεῖ μέ τή χρηματοδότηση τῆς Εὐρωπαϊκῆς Κοινότητας. Οἱ ἀπόψεις πούἐκφράζονται ἐδῶ εἶναι τῶν ἐκδοτῶν καί σέ καμία περίπτωση δέν ἀντανακλοῦν τήν ἐπίσημη ἄποψη τῆςΕὐρωπαϊκῆς Ἐπιτροπῆς.

Τhis document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community. The viewsexpressed herein are those of the publishers and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the official opinionof the European Commission.

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 ἜργαΜεγάλων

Συνθετῶν τῆςΜεσογείου

Worksof GreatMediterraneanComposers

Khmayyis Tarnan

ἐπιμέλεια - edited byMahmoud Guettat

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Εὐρωπαϊκή ἝνωσηΠρόγραμμα Εὐρωμεσογειακή Κληρονομιά II Ἔργο MediMuses∆ράση γιά τήν Ἱστορία τῆς Μουσικῆς στή ΜεσόγειοΣειρά βιβλίων μέ ἔργα Μεγάλων Συνθετῶν τῆς Μεσογείου 

Καλλιτεχνικός ∆ιευθυντής: Κυριάκος Καλαϊτζίδης

 Ὑπό τήν ἐποπτεία τῆς Ὁμάδας Ἐργασίας γιά τήν Ἱστορία τῆς Μουσικῆς:Θωμᾶς Ἀποστολόπουλος, Walter Feldman, Mahmoud Guettat, Κυριάκος Καλαϊτζίδης,Toufic Kerbage, Kiya Tabassian

Χμάγις Ταρνάν (1894 – 1964)Ἐπιμέλεια: Mahmoud Guettat

Κείμενα: Mahmoud GuettatΜεταφράσεις στά ἑλληνικά: Εὐάγγελος ΓαληνόςΜεταφράσεις στά ἀγγλικά: Κώστας ΛυμπέρηςἘπιμέλεια κειμένου στά ἑλληνικά: Ζωή ΣιάπανταἘπιμέλεια κειμένου στά ἀγγλικά: David EdmondsἘπιμέλεια μεταγραφῆς ἀραβικῶν συμβόλων: Μάρκελλος Πιράρ

 Ἠλεκτρονική ἐπεξεργασία μουσικῶν κειμένων: Yassine Guettat, Γιῶργος ΚοκκινάκηςΓραφιστική ἐπιμέλεια: Hy Brazil

Σχεδιασμός ἔκδοσης: Κυριάκος ΚαλαϊτζίδηςἘπιμέλεια παραγωγῆς: Νίκος ΤερψιάδηςΒοηθός παραγωγῆς: Μελίνα ΠανταζίδουΠαραγωγή: «ΕΝ ΧΟΡ∆ΑΙΣ», Ἰούλιος 2005

 © ΕΝ ΧΟΡ∆ΑΙΣΜουσικές Παραδόσεις τῆς ΜεσογείουΠαύλου Μελᾶ 2154622 Θεσσαλονίκη

τηλ.: 2310253285/6fax: 2310257485e-mail: [email protected]

Ἀπαγορεύεται ἡ ἀναδημοσίευση ἤ ἀναπαραγωγή μέ ὁποιονδήποτε τρόπο μέρους ἤ ὅλου τῆςἔκδοσης, χωρίς τήν ἔγγραφη ἄδεια τοῦ ἐκδότη.

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European UnionProgramme Euromed Heritage IIMediMuses ProjectAction for the History of Music of the MediterraneanCorpus Series with works of Great Mediterranean Composers

Artistic Director: Kyriakos Kalaitzides

Under the guidance of the Workgroup for the History of Music:Thomas Apostolopoulos, Walter Feldman, Mahmoud Guettat, Kyriakos Kalaitzides, TouficKerbage, Kiya Tabassian

Khmayyis Tarnan (1894 – 1964)Edited by: Mahmoud Guettat

Texts: Mahmoud GuettatTranslation into Greek: Evaggelos GalinosTranslation into English: Kostas LiberisEditing of the Greek text: Zoi SiapantaEditing of the English text: David EdmondsTransliteration of the Arabic terms: Marcel Pirard

Digital editing of scores: Yassine Guettat, Yiorgos KokkinakisGraphic Design: Hy Brazil

Concept: Kyriakos KalaitzidesProduction coordination: Nikos TerpsiadesProduction assistant: Melina PantazidouProduction: «En Chordais», July 2005

 © EN CHORDAISMusical Traditions of the Mediterranean21 Pavlou Mela str.54622 Thessaloniki, Greece

tel.: +30 2310253285/6fax: +30 2310257485e-mail: [email protected]

Unauthorized republication or reproduction of the content of this publication in any medium isforbidden.

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8 Πρόλογος

Στήν καθ’ ἡμᾶς Ἀνατολή ἔδρασαν καί δημιούργησαν πολλοί καί σημαντικοί συνθέτες. Τόἔργο τους συχνά ξεπέρασε τά ὅρια τῆς πόλης ἤ τῆς χώρας ὅπου ἔζησαν καί ἁπλώθηκε σέὅλη τή Μεσόγειο. Στίς μέρες μας ὡστόσο, γίνεται ὁλοένα καί πιό αἰσθητή ἡ ἀπουσία μιᾶς

πλήρους καί τεκμηριωμένης συλλογῆς αὐτῆς τῆς κοινῆς πολιτιστικῆς κληρονομιᾶς. Μιᾶςσυλλογῆς ἰδιαίτερου ἐπιστημονικοῦ καί ἐκπαιδευτικοῦ ἐνδιαφέροντος γιά καθηγητέςκαί σπουδαστές μουσικῶν σχολῶν καί ἀκαδημιῶν, ἐρευνητές καί μουσικολόγους, ἡὁποία δημιουργεῖ παράλληλα τίς προϋποθέσεις ἔμπνευσης γιά νέα μουσική δημιουργίαἀπό τούς σύγχρονους συνθέτες.

Μέ τήν παρούσα ἐκδοτική σειρά ἐκτελεστές, μουσικά σχήματα, ἀλλά καί ὀρχῆστρες καίχορωδίες ἀνά τόν κόσμο ἔχουν πιά τήν εὐκαιρία νά μελετήσουν σφαιρικά τίς ἰδιαίτερεςἀποχρώσεις τῶν μουσικῶν ἰδιωμάτων μεγάλων πολιτισμῶν, ὅπως αὐτά ἐκφράστηκανἀπό ἐξέχοντες δημιουργούς στό διάβα τῆς ἱστορίας. Ταυτόχρονα, δίνεται ἡ δυνατότητα

παρουσίασής τους στό εὐρύ κοινό τό ὁποῖο μπορεῖ νά γνωρίσει καί νά ἀπολαύσει ἔργαὑψηλῆς αἰσθητικῆς καί μοναδικῆς σπουδαιότητας.

Στόν ἀντίποδα τῆς σημερινῆς ἐποχῆς πού ὁ ἀνταγωνισμός μεταξύ ἐθνῶν τρέφεται ἀπόἰδεολογίες περί πολιτισμικῆς ἀνωτερότητας ἤ κατωτερότητας, ἡ σειρά φιλοδοξεῖ νάσυμβάλει στήν ἐπαναπροσέγγιση καί στήν εἰρηνική συνύπαρξη τῶν λαῶν τῆς Μεσογείουμέ συνεκτικό ἄξονα τήν κοινή μουσική κληρονομιά τους.

Τό ξεκίνημα αὐτῆς τῆς ἐκδοτικῆς προσπάθειας ὑλοποιεῖται στό πλαίσιο τοῦ ἔργουΜediMuses πού ἐντάσσεται στό χρηματοδοτικό πρωτόκολλο «ΕὐρωμεσογειακήΚληρονομιά ΙΙ» τῆς Εὐρωπαϊκῆς Ἕνωσης καί ἔχει καί τήν οἰκονομική στήριξη τοῦ Ὑπουργείου Πολιτισμοῦ. Γιά τό σχεδιασμό τῆς σειρᾶς ἐργάστηκε ἡ «Ὁμάδα Ἐργασίαςγιά τήν Ἱστορία τῆς Μουσικῆς στή Μεσόγειο» τοῦ ἔργου MediMuses καί σέ πρώτηφάση ἐκδίδονται ἕξι βιβλία - μουσικές συλλογές. Σέ κάθε βιβλίο περιλαμβάνονται τόσύνολο τῶν ἔργων τοῦ συνθέτη, μικρό βιογραφικό σημείωμα, ἑρμηνευτικές σημειώσειςκαί ἄλλο συναφές ὑλικό πού καταρτίστηκαν μέ τήν ἐπιμέλεια καταξιωμένων μουσικῶνκαί μουσικολόγων τῆς Μεσογείου.

Κυριάκος Καλαϊτζίδης Καλλιτεχνικός ∆ιευθυντής MediMuses

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9Prologue

Many significant masters have been creatively active in the Near East. Often the impact oftheir work has reached beyond the boundaries of the city or country where they lived andspread throughout the Mediterranean. Nonetheless, the lack of a complete and documented

presentation of this common cultural heritage is today making itself more and more acutelyfelt; a presentation of particular scientific and educational interest to teachers and studentsof music schools and academies, researchers and musicologists that would also create aninspiring backdrop for new musical creation by contemporary musicians.

Thanks to this series, interpreters, musical ensembles, orchestras and choirs around theworld will have the opportunity to globally study the particular musical idioms of greatcivilizations, as these have been expressed by great composers through the ages. At thesame time, the presentation to the general public of these works of great aesthetic value andimportance will be made possible.

In opposition to the contemporary trend towards conflict between nations, fed by ideologiesof cultural superiority or inferiority, the series hopes to contribute to the reconciliation andthe peaceful coexistence of the Mediterranean peoples, with their common musical heritageacting as an axis of cohesion.

The beginning of this effort is taking place as part of the MediMuses project that is fundedby European Union in the context of the Euromed Heritage II program and has also receivedfinancial support from the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. The MediMuses “Workgroup forthe History of Mediterranean Music” worked on the planning of the series and in the firstphase six collections of works will be published. Each collection contains the complete worksof the composer, a brief biography, interpretational notes and other related material whichwas collected and edited by established musicians and musicologists of the Mediterranean.

Kyriakos KalaitzidesArtistic Director MediMuses

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0  Ἔργο MediMuses42 μῆνες (Φεβρουάριος 2002 – Ἰούλιος 2005) Ἔρευνα, μελέτη, ἀνασύνθεση καί ἀνάδειξη τῶν στοιχείων τῆς κοινῆς μουσικῆςκληρονομιᾶς τῆς Μεσογείου

11 Συναυλίες7 ∆ιεθνεῖς Μουσικές Συναντήσεις75 Ἐπισκέπτες Καθηγητές6 Ψηφιακοί δίσκοι (CD) στή σειρά Μεγάλοι ∆εξιοτέχνες τῆς Μεσογείου 6 Ψηφιακοί δίσκοι (CD) στή σειρά Μεγάλοι Συνθέτες τῆς Μεσογείου 6 Βιβλία-Συλλογές μέ ἔργα Μεγάλων Συνθετῶν τῆς Μεσογείου2 Ὁμάδες Ἐργασίας / 10 Συναντήσεις-Συνεδριάσεις / 3 Συμπόσια / 2 Τόμοι γιά τήνἹστορία καί τή Θεωρία τῆς Μουσικῆς τῆς Μεσογείου

MediMuses project42 months (February 2002 – July 2005)Research, study, re-composition and promotion of the elements of the commonMediterranean musical heritage

11 Concerts7 International Music Meetings75 Visiting Lecturers6 CDs in the Great Mediterranean Masters series6 CDs in the Great Mediterranean Composers series

6 Anthologies with works of Great Mediterranean Composers2 Workgroups / 10 Workshops / 3 Symposia / 2 Volumes for the History and Theory ofMediterranean Music

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1LEADER

EN CHORDAIS, Musical Traditions of the MediterraneanThessaloniki, GREECE

PARTNERS

- THE NATIONAL MUSIC CONSERVATORYOF THE NOOR AL HUSSEIN FOUNDATIONAmman, JORDAN

- THE LEBANESE NATIONAL HIGHER CONSERVATORY OF MUSICBeirut, LEBANON

- EL HEFNY CENTER FOR MUSIC STUDIESCairo, EGYPT

- ASSOCIAZIONE CULTURALE SCUOLA DI MUSICA ANTICA VENEZIAVenice, ITALY

- THE BYZANTINE FESTIVAL IN LONDONLondon, UNITED KINGDOM

- ECUME, Echanges Culturels en MéditerranéeMarseilles, FRANCE

- CENTRO FLAMENCO PACO PEÑACordoba, SPAIN

- ST. LAZARUS SCHOOL OF BYZANTINE MUSICLarnaca, CYPRUS

www.medimuses.gr

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ΒΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ

BIOGRAPHY

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4 ΣΕΪΧΗΣ ΧΜΑΓΙΣ ΤΑΡΝΑΝὉ ἀριστοτέχνης καί ἡ ἐποχή του

Ἐμφάνιση μίας νέας τυνησιακῆς μουσικῆς σχολῆςἈντιμέτωπη μέ τή λαίλαπα τῆς ἀποικιοκρατίας, ἡ κοινωνίατῆς Τυνησίας θά γνωρίσει πρός τό τέλος τοῦ δέκατου ἔνατου

αἰώνα μία ἀνησυχητική κατάπτωση, κυρίως ὅσον ἀφορᾶστήν πολιτιστική της ταυτότητα. Ἡ μουσική θά ἀποτελέσει τόἐπάγγελμα τῆς ἄρχουσας τάξης, πού, βουτηγμένη στήν ἠθικήδιαφθορά καί τοῦ μουσικοῦ σέ μία ἄθλια κατάσταση. Ἦτανπλέον σαφές ὅτι ἔπρεπε νά γίνει κάποια ἐξυγίανση˙ γι’ αὐτό τόλόγο, ἀναπτύχθηκε μεγάλη δραστηριότητα γιά τήν προστασίατῆς παράδοσης καί τήν προώθηση τῆς δημιουργικότητας. Στάπλαίσια αὐτῆς τῆς δραστηριότητας ξεχώρισε ἡ πρωτογενήςδημιουργική πνοή τοῦ σεΐχη Ἀχμάντ Ἀλ Οὐαφί (1850-1921),πού συνεχίστηκε χάρη στήν ἰδιοφυῖα ἐπιφανῶν μαέστρων,ἀπό τούς ὁποίους ἀντιπροσωπευτικότερος εἶναι ὁ σεΐχηςΧμάγις Ταρνάν. Πολλοί παράγοντες συνετέλεσαν στήνἐκδήλωση αὐτῆς τῆς καινούργιας ζέσης, προκαλώνταςἀναβίωση τοῦ ἐνδιαφέροντος καί τῆς ἐμπιστοσύνης ἐκ μέρουςτῶν αὐτοχθόνων μουσικῶν, ὅπως: τά παραδοσιακά μουσικάσυγκροτήματα τῶν συντεχνιῶν καί τῶν ἀδελφοτήτων˙ οἱπροσπάθειες τῶν μουσικῶν καί τῶν μουσικολόγων, πούκαλοῦσε ὁ βαρόνος Ροντόλφ ντ’ Ἐρλανζέ (πέθανε τό 1932),γιά τήν ὑλοποίηση τοῦ ἔργου πού πῆρε τό ὄνομά του˙ ἡ ἄφιξητό 1931 τοῦ διάσημου μουσικοῦ ἀπό τή Συρία, σεΐχη ἈλίΝταρουίς (1884-1952)˙ ἡ διεξαγωγή τοῦ πρώτου συμποσίου

ἀραβικῆς μουσικῆς (Κάιρο, 14 Μαρτίου - 3 Ἀπριλίου 1932)˙κυρίως, ὅμως, ἡ δημιουργία τό 1934 τοῦ συλλόγου τῆςΡασιντίγια γιά τήν τυνησιακή μουσική, ὁ ὁποῖος δέν ἄργησενά μετατραπεῖ σέ ἕνα φυτώριο ἐξαιρετικῶν καλλιτεχνῶν,ποιητῶν καί μουσικῶν, πού κατάφεραν μέ τή δουλειά τουςκαί τήν πίστη τους νά ἀποκαταστήσουν τή μουσική τέχνηστήν Τυνησία. Οἱ προσπάθειες δέν περιορίστηκαν στήνδιατήρηση τῆς τοπικῆς κληρονομιᾶς καί στή μετάδοσήτης, ἀλλά ἔγιναν ἀφορμή νά γεννηθεῖ ἕνα δυναμικό κίνημαποιοτικῆς μουσικῆς σύνθεσης, τόσο ἀπό ἄποψη κειμένων καί

μελωδίας ὅσο καί ἀπό τήν ἄποψη τῆς ἑρμηνείας (ἀπό πολλέςἐξαίσιες φωνές, μεταξύ τῶν ὁποίων καί ἡ Σαλίχα [1914-1958]). Ἔτσι μπῆκαν οἱ βάσεις μιᾶς μουσικῆς διδασκαλίαςστηριγμένης στήν τοπική καί ἀραβική παράδοση.

Μία ὑποδειγματική καλλιτεχνική διαδρομή Ἔχοντας ζήσει σέ μία μεταβατική περίοδο ζωτικῆς σημασίαςγιά τήν ἱστορία τῆς Τυνησίας, ὁ σεΐχης Χμάγις Ταρνάνἀποτελεῖ σήμερα ὑπόδειγμα Τυνησίου μουσικοῦ πού, μέτίς ἐξαιρετικές ἀνθρώπινες καί καλλιτεχνικές ἀρετές του,

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1SHEIKH KHMAYYIS TARNANThe Master and his Era

Emergence of a new school of Tunisian musicFaced with colonial instability in the latter years of thenineteenth century, Tunisian society experienced an alarming

degradation, especially with respect to its cultural identity.Music became a profession for racketeers whose unscrupulouspursuit of profit resulted in a radical decline in status forboth the art and its practitioners. The need for a new startwas perceived by many, and gave rise to a period of intensemusicological and creative activity that was inaugurated by thework of Sheikh Ahmad Al Wāfī (1850-1921), and continuedthanks to the genius of eminent masters such as SheikhKhmayyis Tarnān. Several factors shaped this new trend andgenerated a renewed interest and confidence in native musicians,among them the traditional guild and brotherhood groups; theefforts of the musicians and musicologists collaborating withBaron Rodolphe d’Erlanger (d. 1932) in the compilation ofthe volume now known by his name; the arrival of the famousSyrian musician Sheikh ‘Alī Darwīsh (1884-1952) in 1931; theFirst Arab Music Conference (Cairo, 14 March-3 April 1932);and, more particularly, the creation in 1934 of the Rashīdiyya Association for Tunisian music, which soon became a seedbedof great artists, poets and musicians who succeeded ‘throughwork and faith’ in rehabilitating Tunisian art music. Theseefforts were not limited to the preservation of the local heritage

and its diffusion; there also arose an active movement for thecomposition of new art music texts and melodies, as well asfor their interpretation, including several exceptional vocalists,among whom Salīha (1914-1958) may especially be mentioned;and the foundations were established for a system of musicaleducation based upon local and Arabic tradition.

An exemplary artistic journeyHaving lived though a transitional period in Tunisian history,Sheikh Khmayyis Tarnān, with his exceptional human and

artistic qualities, is now regarded as the model Tunisianmusician whose fruitful artistic life has paved the way for anew and exciting Tunisian school. His work and his artisticjourney may be summarised under the headings of resistanceand restoration.

Tarnān was born in the ancient medina (Madīna) of thetown of Bizerte, a town situated in northern Tunisia, on theMediterranean coast. It occupies a strategic location thatmade it a much-coveted city and an important crossroads for

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6 καταφέρνει νά ἀνοίγει τό δρόμο γιά μία νέα τυνησιακήσχολή, πρωτότυπη καί γεμάτη ὑποσχέσεις. Τό ἔργο του ἀλλάκαί ἡ καλλιτεχνική του διαδρομή ἐντάσσονται στό κλίμα τῆςἀντίστασης καί τῆς διεκδίκησης. Γεννήθηκε στήν αἰώνια μεντίνα τῆς πόλης Μπιζέρτα˙ οἱ

γονεῖς του κατεῖχαν μία ἀξιοσέβαστη θέση ἀνάμεσα στούςμικροαστούς τεχνίτες αὐτῆς τῆς παραδοσιακῆς μεσογειακῆςπόλης. Ὁ πατέρας του, σεΐχης Ἀλί Ταρνάν, εἶχε ἐντρυφήσεικι αὐτός στίς τέχνες, ὅπως ἐξ ἄλλου καί πολλοί ἄλλοι πούἀσχολοῦνταν μέ τεχνικά καί συντεχνιακά ἐπαγγέλματα,διατηρώντας παράλληλα συνάφεια μέ τίς μυστικιστικές καίθρησκευτικές κοινότητες τῶν ζάουιγια (ὀρατόρια).

 Ἔχοντας μαθητεύσει στό κορανικό Κουτάμπ , μπῆκε στόδημοτικό σχολεῖο ὅπου εἶχε γιά δάσκαλο τόν ἐπιφανῆἄνθρωπο τῶν γραμμάτων Ἀμπντεραχμάν Γκίγα. Σύμφωνα μέτόν δάσκαλό του, ὁ μικρός Χμάγις ἔγινε σύντομα ἀγαπητόςστούς μαθητές διότι στή διάρκεια τῶν διαλειμμάτων ἔπαιζεκαλό φχάλ (ἕνα εἶδος τοπικοῦ νάι). Τοῦ ἐπέτρεπαν νά παίζειἐπειδή οἱ ἀρχές ἤθελαν νά τραβήξουν τά παιδιά στό σχολεῖο.Στό μεταξύ, πήγαινε στό ἐργαστήρι τοῦ πατέρα του, πού ἦτανὑφαντουργός καί ἔφτιαχνε μπουρνούζια καί βαμβακερά καίμεταξωτά ὑφάσματα. Μικρός ἀκόμα, μαθαίνει νά παίζειἄλλα ὄργανα, ὅπως τό μαντολίνο καί τό οὔτι σαρκί, πού τόἔπαιζε ἀντιγράφοντας τά δημοφιλῆ αἰγυπτιακά τραγούδιατῆς ἐποχῆς.

 Ἔτσι, στήν ψαλμωδία τοῦ Κορανίου προσθέτονταν οἱπαραδοσιακές μελωδίες τοῦ  μαλούφ (κοσμικό καί ἱερό),πού σιγοτραγουδοῦσαν οἱ ἐργάτες ὑφαντουργοί κτυπώνταςτό ρυθμό μέ τά ἐργαλεῖα τους, ἐνῶ ὁ ἴδιος ξετύλιγε τάπολύχρωμα μεταξωτά κουβαράκια. Αὐτό ἦταν ἀρκετό γιάνά ξυπνήσει τό πάθος γιά τή μουσική σ’ ἕνα παιδί γεννημένοσέ μία βορειοαφρικανική μεντίνα, ὅπου ὁ καθένας θεωροῦσεὅτι ἦταν ἀπόγονος τῶν Μαυριτανῶν τῆς Ἰσπανίας, καίδιηγοῦνταν καμαρώνοντας πώς οἱ ἀπόγονοί του ἔχασαν τή

Γρανάδα καί τήν Ἀνδαλουσία ἐξαιτίας τοῦ πάθους τους γιάτό τραγούδι καί τό οὔτι.

Γιά νά μυηθεῖ στήν παραδοσιακή μουσική, καί εἰδικότεραστό  μαλούφ, πού δικαίως θεωρεῖται ἡ πιό ἁγνή ἔκφρασητοῦ μουσικοῦ συναισθήματος τῆς μουσουλμανικῆς ∆ύσης,ὁ μικρός σύχναζε στά ζάουιγια τῆς γενέτειράς του, ὅπουὑπῆρχαν παρακλάδια ἀπό τίς κύριες μυστικιστικέςκοινότητες τοῦ Μαγκρίμπ, ὅπως ἡ Ἰσαουίγια, ἡ Καντρίγια,καί ἡ Σουλαμίγια. Συμμετεῖχε ἀπό πολύ νωρίς στό χαλκά 

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1exchanges between East and West. Its architectural diversityreveals a rich past. The old city (Medina) is an example ofthis diversity, with its old port, its souk (sūq) and Andalusianquarter with arched alleys and Moorish style houses. Tarnān’sparents occupied an honourable position in the artisan classof this traditional Mediterranean city. His father Sheikh

‘Ali Tarnān was also well versed in the arts, as was often thecase with those engaged in the corporate life of a craft guildor trade association having ties with the mystical-religiouscongregations of the zāwiya (oratories).

After having attended the Koranic Kuttāb (religious school),he went to primary school where his teacher was AbderrahmānGuīgā, a distinguished man of letters. According to him, theyoung Khmayyis became noticed among the pupils by hisplaying of the fhal (the local nāy) during class breaks: he wasallowed to do so because the authorities wanted to attractchildren to the school. He also used to frequent the workshopof his father, who was a weaver specialising in the manufactureof silk and cotton bath towels. While still quite young he alsolearnt to play other instruments such as the mandolin and the‘ūd sharqī, performing the Egyptian songs fashionable at thetime.

Thus, traditional airs–of the ma’lūf (secular and sacred)–wereadded to the chanting of the Koran, hummed by the workmento the rhythm of the beater and the shuttle, while he was

winding up the colourful silk hanks. It did not take much toawake a passion for music in a young boy born in a NorthAfrican Medina where everybody claims to be descended fromthe Moors of Spain and tells you as a boast that their ancestorslost Granada and Andalusia because of their passion for thesong and the lute.

To become initiated into traditional music, in particular thatof the ma’lūf , which is rightly considered the purest expressionof the Muslim West’s musical feeling, our young man attended

the zāwiya of his birthplace, where each principal Maghribimystical brotherhood had a subsidiary, such as ‘Īsāwiya,Qādriyya and Sulāmiyya. Early on, he participated in the halqa (circle) of the hazzāba and hallāla (ceremonial chanters). Hisassiduity in the church services, his eagerness to learn, andespecially the quality of his voice–one of these falsetto voiceshighly appreciated by the audience–quickly draw the attentionof the elders, who had a duty to pass on their vast repertory tohim to ensure its preservation and diffusion.

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8 (κύκλος) τῶν χαζάμπα καί χαλάλα (ἀφηγητές λιτανειῶν). Ἡἀφοσίωσή του στίς θρησκευτικές λειτουργίες, ἡ δίψα του γιάμάθηση καί εἰδικά ἡ ποιότητα τῆς φωνῆς του—ἕνα φαλσέτοπού ἐκτιμοῦσε ἰδιαίτερα τό ἀκροατήριο—τράβηξαν γρήγορατήν προσοχή τῶν δασκάλων πού ἔκαναν σκοπό τῆς ζωῆςτους νά τοῦ μεταδώσουν τό εὐρύ ρεπερτόριό τους, γιά νά

ἐξασφαλίσουν τή διατήρηση καί τή μετάδοσή του.

Τά μυστικιστικά τραγούδια πού ἐκτελοῦνται στά ζάουιγια στή διάρκεια τῶν λειτουργιῶν δέν διαφέρουν καθόλου ἀπόἐκεῖνα πού ἀπαρτίζουν τίς νοῦμπες τοῦ κοσμικοῦ  μαλούφ,πού θεωρεῖται τό ἀποκορύφωμα τῆς μουσικῆς τέχνης.Ἐμφανίζει τίς ἴδιες μελωδίες, τούς ἴδιους μελωδικούς καίρυθμικούς τύπους, ἐνίοτε ἀκόμα καί τά ἴδια λόγια.

Τό 1917, ἀφήνει τή γενέτειρά του στήν ὁποία ἦταν ἤδη ἀρκετάγνωστός, γιά νά δοκιμάσει τήν τύχη του στήν πρωτεύουσαΤύνιδα. Αὐτό συμπίπτει μέ τόν Πρῶτο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο,στήν διάρκεια τοῦ ὁποίου οἱ Τυνήσιοι στρατολογοῦνταναὐτομάτως στό γαλλικό στρατό ἤ καλοῦνταν νά ἐργαστοῦνγι’ αὐτόν. Ὁ καλλιτέχνης κατάφερε νά ξεφύγει χάρη στήφήμη του πού εἶχε φτάσει στά κυβερνητικά κυκλώματα,κυρίως σέ αὐτούς πού συνήθιζαν νά ὀργανώνουν ἰδιωτικάγλέντια, μεταξύ τῶν ὁποίων ἦταν ὁ ταγματάρχης Ἐλ Ἀΐντ,γαμπρός τοῦ Ναζίρ Μπέη. Μιά μεγάλη φιλία ἕνωσε τούς δυόἄντρες.

 Ἡ διαμονή στήν πρωτεύουσα τοῦ δίνει τή δυνατότητα νάγνωρίσει πολλές προσωπικότητες στόν χῶρο τῆς μουσικῆς˙δίπλα τους θά τελειοποιήσει τή μουσική του παιδεία καί τήνἐκμάθηση τοῦ  μαλούφ. Ἀρχικά, εἶχε ἐλάχιστη γνώση τοῦ μαλούφ—κάποιοι νόμιζαν ὅτι προερχόταν ἀπό τήν Ἀνατολή,ἐπειδή τραγουδοῦσε κασίντα, ντάουρ καί ἄλλες φόρμες πούἐκτελοῦσαν τότε οἱ μεγάλοι ἑρμηνευτές τῆς συριοαιγυπτιακῆςκαί ἰρακινῆς σχολῆς.

Στήν Τύνιδα, μέ τούς δασκάλους τῆς μουσικῆς, τελειοποιεῖ

τήν ἐκμάθηση τοῦ μαλούφ, κυρίως δίπλα στόν σεΐχη ἈχμέντΤουίλι, τόν ἐπιλεγόμενο Ἐλ Καρουί, γνωστό γιά τήν ὡραίαφωνή του, τή γνώση τῶν τραγουδιῶν τῶν σούφι καί τοῦ μαλούφ, καί γιά τήν ἐξαιρετική ἑρμηνεία τῶν κασίντα. Μαζίἔκαναν ἕνα παραδοσιακό σχῆμα καί δούλεψαν μέχρι τό 1930,δίνοντας παραστάσεις στό καφέ Ἐλ Μράμπιτ , στήν μεντίνατῆς Τύνιδας, δύο φορές τήν ἑβδομάδα, τήν Παρασκευήκαί τήν Κυριακή τό πρωί, καί κάθε βράδυ στή διάρκειατοῦ Ραμαζανιοῦ. Οἱ συναντήσεις αὐτές ἀποτελοῦσανπραγματικά πολιτιστικά ραντεβού ὑψηλοῦ ἐπιπέδου, πού

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1The mystical songs performed in the zāwiya during servicesdo not differ from those performed in the nūba of the secularma’lūf  that is regarded as the supreme form of musical art.Indeed, they have the same melodies, the same melodic andrhythmic formulas and, sometimes, even the same words.

In 1917 Tarnān left his native town, where he had alreadybecome famous, to try his chance in Tunis, the capital. This wasduring World War I, when many Tunisians were drafted intothe French Army or worked for it. Our artist escaped this fatethanks to his reputation, which had reached the governmentalcircles and in particular those frequently engaged in theorganisation of private festivals, such as Commander El Aïd,son-in-law of Nasir Bey. These two men became bound by agreat friendship.

Tarnān’s time in the capital gave him the opportunity to meetseveral leading personalities in the world of music: his contactwith them will complete his musical formation and his trainingin the ma’lūf . At the beginning, his knowledge of the ma’lūf  was very limited. Some thought he came from the East becausehe sang qasīda, dawr and other forms performed by famousartists of the Syro-Egyptian and Iraqi schools.

He perfected his technique in the ma’lūf with the great mastersin Tunis, particularly Sheikh Ahmad Twīlī, known as El Qarwī,who was famous for his beautiful voice, his knowledge of the

Sufi repertory and the ma’lūf , and his wonderful interpretationof Qasīd. Together they formed a traditional ensemble whichlasted until 1930, giving concerts at the “El Mrābit” café andin the medina of Tunis: twice a week, on Friday and Sundaymornings, and every evening of the month of Ramadān. Thesewere very successful cultural events of the highest level, atwhich Tarnān’s contribution was greatly valued. In order tolearn the ma’lūf and out of devotion to his masters and hiscompanions in the ensemble, he turned his back on substantialprofits and even offered his services without pay.

Another no less fruitful encounter was that in the mid 1930swith the Syrian musician Sheikh ‘Alī Darwīsh from Aleppo,who taught him musical notation, the nay, the analysis of themaqām and the rhythms; an invaluable asset to the debutantcomposer. By now an accomplished musician, an unparalleledvirtuoso of the ‘ūd ‘arbī appearing with the best orchestras ofthe capital, Tarnān was selected to be a member the Tunisiandelegation to the First Conference of Arab Music, held in Cairoin 1932.

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0 σημείωναν μεγάλη ἐπιτυχία, καί ἔκαναν τόν Χμάγις Ταρνάνἰδιαίτερα ἀγαπητό. Ἀποφασισμένος νά μάθει τό μαλούφ, καίἀφοσιωμένος στούς δασκάλους του καί στούς συναδέλφουςτου ἀπό τήν ὀρχήστρα, δέν ἐπιδίωκε μεγάλες ἀμοιβές καίδούλευε ἀκόμα καί ἀφιλοκερδῶς.

Μιά ἐξ ἴσου ἀποδοτική γνωριμία ἦταν αὐτή μέ τόν Σύριομουσικό σεΐχη Ἀλί Νταρουίς ἀπό τό Χαλέπι, πού τοῦδίδαξε τή μουσική σημειογραφία, τό νάι, τήν ἀνάλυση τῶνμακαμιῶν καί τῶν ρυθμῶν, προσφέροντάς του μιά σημαντικήπαρακαταθήκη γνώσεων, ὥστε νά ξεκινήσει τήν καριέρα τουὡς συνθέτης ἐνῶ εἶχε περάσει τά σαράντα. Ὁλοκληρωμένοςμουσικός, ἀπαράμιλλος δεξιοτέχνης στό οὔτι ἀρμπί, μέλοςτῶν καλύτερων ὀρχηστρῶν τῆς πρωτεύουσας, ἐπιλέχτηκεγιά νά λάβει μέρος στήν τυνησιακή ἀποστολή στό πρῶτοσυμπόσιο τῆς ἀραβικῆς μουσικῆς πού ἔγινε στό Κάιρο τό1932.

Τό ἔτος 1934 εἶναι μία χρονιά πολύ σημαντική στήν καριέρατοῦ σεΐχη Χμάγις Ταρνάν˙ εἶναι ἡ χρονιά πού συμμετέχει στήν ἵδρυση τοῦ συλλόγου Ρασιντίγια, ὅπου διδάσκει μουσική, μαλούφ, καί παραδοσιακό τραγούδι στά μέλη τῆς χορωδίας.Γίνεται ἕνας ἀπό τούς στυλοβάτες τῆς νεοσύστατης ὁμάδας,ὡς συνθέτης καί ἑρμηνευτής. Τό 1940 διορίζεται ἐπικεφαλῆςτῆς ἐπιτροπῆς γιά τήν καταγραφή τῆς μουσικῆς κληρονομιᾶς,στά πλαίσια τῆς δραστηριότητας τοῦ ἴδιου ἱδρύματος. Τήνἑπομένη τῆς ἀνεξαρτησίας (τό 1956), ὁρίζεται δάσκαλος στό

ἐθνικό ὠδεῖο μουσικῆς, και ἀναλαμβάνει τή διεύθυνση τῆςχορωδίας τῆς ἐθνικῆς ραδιοφωνίας.

Καλλιτέχνης καθιερωμένος καί στρατευμένος, ὁ ΧμάγιςΤαρνάν εἶναι χωρίς ἀμφιβολία μία ἀπό τίς πιό σημαντικέςπροσωπικότητες τοῦ εἰκοστοῦ αἰώνα στήν Τυνησία. Τοῦἀναγνωρίζεται ἕνας πρωταρχικός ρόλος, τόσο στή διατήρησηὅσο καί στήν ἀνανέωση μιᾶς μουσικῆς τέχνης˙ κατ’ ἐξοχήντυνησιακῆς. Στό πρόσωπό του ἐνσαρκώνεται, μέ λίγα λόγια,τό μεσογειακό κάλεσμα τῆς Τυνησίας, γῆς τῶν ἐπαφῶν

καί τῶν ἀνοιγμάτων, ἀλλά καί τῆς αὐθεντικότητας καί τῆςδημιουργίας. Ἡ ἀνάμνησή του θά μείνει χαραγμένη στήμνήμη ὅλων τῶν Τυνήσιων καλλιτεχνῶν.

Αὐτός εἶναι καί ὁ λόγος πού ὁ Χμάγις Ταρνάν περιλαμβάνεταιστή σειρά τῶν κόρπους πού ἀφιερώνει τό ΕΝ ΧΟΡ∆ΑΙΣστούς «Μεγάλους Συνθέτες τῆς Μεσογείου».

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2The year 1934 was particularly important for Tarnān’s career;he assisted in the foundation of the Rashīdiyya institution,which appointed him to teach the ma’lūf and traditional songto the members of the choir. He thus becomes one of the pillarsof this newly formed ensemble, as a composer, instrumentalistand performer. In 1940 he was placed in charge of a commission

appointed under the auspices of this institution to collect andpreserve Tunisia’s musical heritage. Shortly after independence(in 1956) he was appointed instructor at the NationalConservatoire, and subsequently as a director at the NationalRadio choir.

An experienced and committed artist, Khmayyis Tarnān wasundoubtedly one of the most outstanding musical personalitiesin Tunisia. He played a principal role in preserving as well asin restoring the original Tunisian musical art. He embodiedthe Mediterranean vocation of Tunisia, land of contacts andopenings, but also of authenticity and creativity. His memorywill remain engraved in the mind of every Tunisian musician.For this reason, Khmayyis Tarnān finds a merited place in thisseries devoted by “En Chordais” to the “Great Composers ofthe Mediterranean”.

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ΕΡΓΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ

ERGOGRAPHY

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4 Genre Title / elements Mode Rhythm

Overture - Bashraf (Shanbar) - Nawā - Shanbar

Istikhbār

(‘ūd ‘arbī)

- Instrumental

improvisation

- Different tubū‘ /

maqām

free

 ‘Arūbī - Vocal improvisation - Different tubū‘ /maqām

free

Nūba (1) - Nūbat al Khadhra: -Nahāwand (+nawāthir)

- Abyat .Ya man bi-Andalusi - Btāyhī + Barwal

- Btāyhī 1 .Ayyuha-l-muwalla‘ - Btāyhī

- Btāyhī 2 .’Uj bibāb al-bahr - Btāyhī

- Barwal 1 .Yammim riyādha-l-wurūd

- Dkhūl barwal

- Barwal 2 . Bi-Marsa al-Zharīf - Barwal

- Draj . A-bani-l-Khadhra - Draj

- Khafīf  . Qumm ghanni li - Khafīf  

- Khātim .Thughur ayyamukummawāsimu

- Khātim

WaslaMuwashshahāt (7) - Min rannat al-‘idān(+ Hayya ibtadirladhdhata-l-humayya)

- Nawā - Mdawwir hawzī + Barwal

-Tāfa bi-s-sahbā’i(+ Laysa linar al-hawa khumūdu)

- Mazmūm (+ sabā) - Samā‘ī thaqīl +Khātim

- Bil-hawa qalbīta‘allaq

- Hsīn - Rayyān

- Fi nagmat al-’ūdwa-s-sulafa (+ Ya man yahiththu)

- ‘Ajam ‘ushayrān(+ Nahāwand + Hijāz + Mazmūm)

- Btāyhī + Khātim

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2Genre Title / elements Mode Rhythm

Qasīda (5) - Qif bil-manāzil -‘Ajam ‘ushayrān - Wahda batī’a

- Anūh fataskharumin admu‘i

- Sīkā ‘irāq - Wahda batī’a

- Ya zahratan - Rāst - Wahda batī’a

- Hajara -l-habīb - Mahūr - Wahda batī’a

- ‘Adhli-l-‘awādhīl - Rasd al-dhīl - Wahda batī’a

Aghānī

(Songs) (25)- Ya laymi yizzini - Sīkā (+ Rāst +

Isbahān)-Dukhūl barwal./Duwīk

- Illi kawatu narmahabba

- Mahayyir ‘irāq(+ Asba‘in + Rasd-

dhīl + Musta‘ār sīkā)

- Btāyhī

- Muhāl kilmit āhtibri-l-‘illa

- Māya - Dukhūl brawil

- Kīf dār kās al-hubb - Nawāthir (+Nakriz) - Dukhūl brawil

- Ya Salma ya khwilti - Nakriz - Dukhūl brawil /Duwik

- La radya la baghdha - Bayātī (Hsin) - Dukhūl brawil /Duwik

- Shar‘i-l-hubb bini-u-binak

- Bayātī shuri (Qar jighar)

- Dukhūl brawil /Duwik

- Yalli bu‘dak dhayya‘

 fikri

- Mazmūm - Dukhūl brawil /Duwik

- Law kan al-nar illikawatni kawatik

- Mazmūm (+Hijāz +Rasd-dhīl)

- Khafīf 

- Na naçhiq ya qalb - Mazmūm - Dukhūl brawil /Duwik

- Ghazali nafar - Sabā - Dukhūl brawil /Duwik

- Umm al-hasan ghannat fuq al-shajra

- Sīkā (huzām) - Dukhūl brawil /Duwik

- Law kan ta‘rif ma jarali ba‘dak

- Sīkā (huzām) - Wahda

- Rabbi ‘atani kullishay bikmalu

- Sīkā (huzām) - Wahda

- Ana - n - nhibbu u-huwwa mwatini

- Sīkā (huzām) - Btāyhī

- Ghanni ya ‘usfur - Sīkā - Wahda

- Inti yalli b‘id ‘alayya - Bastanikār - Dukhūl barwil/Duwik

- Hizzi-l-ghita ‘al-khadd ya khammuri

- Raml al-māya(Hsin)

- Dukhūl barwil/Duwik

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6 Genre Title / elements Mode Rhythm

- Ya khayna bash kunbaddaltini

- Raml al-māya - Dukhūl barwil/Duwik

- Ya wilfiti idha tighib‘alayya

- Zankūlah - Dukhūl barwil/Duwik

- Ash yifidi-l-malam - ‘Ardhawi (+ aharka) - Dukhūl barwil/Duwik- Huzti-l-baha wi-s-sir ya mismiyya

- Mhayyir sīkā(+ Mhayyir ‘irāq)

- Mdawwir tūnsī

- Ya ummi-l-‘uwina-z-zarga

- Mhayyir ‘irāq(+Mhayyir sīkā)

- Mdawwir tūnsī

- Mahlaha kilma fi fummi

- Nahāwand -Dukhūl barwil/Duwik

- Layya ‘tini bshaddil-hawa ya Duya

- Iraq -Dukhūl barwil/Duwik

Tarbīja

(lullaby)- Nanni nanni ahnamnam

- Kurdī - Khafīf  

Nashīd

(hymn)- Shahri-s-siyam hal - ‘Ajam - Dukhūl barwal/Duwik

- ‘Id al-idhha - Nahāwand - Dukhūl barwal/Duwik

- Ya jannit la‘mala - Rāst - Dukhūl barwal/Duwik

- Hayya nasimuk

hatta kada yuhyini

- Sīkā huzām - Sa‘dawī

Bahr sufi

(mystical hymn)- Billah ya khayyala - ‘irāq / Rasd al-dhīl - Dukhūl barwil/Duwik

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ΕΡΓΑ

WORKS

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ΣΤΙΧΟΙ

LYRICS

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4 Nūba al-Khadrā’ (Nahāwand)

a) AbyātYā man bi-Andalusi yatīhu gharāman wa yadhūbu fī rawdi-l-‘arīfi huyāmāDa‘ ‘anka dhikrāhā bi-khadhrā’i-r-rubā’ tahibu-l-hayāta sa‘ādatan wa salāmā

b) BtāyhīAyyuha-l-mūla‘u hayyā lihimā sūq al-MadīnaWa-n-shuq al-‘itra shadhiyyā wardatu aw yāsamīnah

(Tāla‘)Wanzur al-jāmi‘i tasmū fīhi āyāt al-‘imāraZānahu dīnun wa ‘ilmu wal-hudā a‘lā manāraWa-ghtanim min sāhati-l-Murkādi mā yudhhibu-l-ghamma wa yubrī-l-lamā

(Rujū‘)Manzahun bil-husnī yazhū dhū nasīmin mustatābu

c) Dkhūl brāwilYammimu riyād-a-l-wurūdi zuhran wajal bi-Aryāna al-maqīlWa-qsud bīha in zami’at bi’ran bimā’ihā yus‘adu-l-‘alīlWa nshuq zamāna -l-asīli nishra fī zilli zaytūnahā-l-zalīl

(Tāla‘)Al-ufqu bāsim wal-jawwu nā ‘imWa-t-tayru tashdū bilā watar

(Rujū‘)Wa-t-tallu qad kallala al-rawābī wa tarraza al-zahru bi-d-durar

d) Barwal

Bi-Marsā az-Zarīf zamāna al-masīfNasīmun ‘alīl wa shattun jamīlWa rawdin aghar

(Tāla‘)Wa bādir li-jabali-l-Manār tajid mā talidhdhu-l-‘uyūn

(Rujū‘)Maqāmun karīm watūdun ‘azīmYunāji-l-qamar

e) Draj

Abani -l-Khadhrā’ manāzilukum haffa-l-is‘ādu biman fīhāTudhkī li-s-sabbī sabābatahu wa tuthīru-n-nafsa wa tughrīhā(Tāla‘)

Busna-th-thaghra wa shaddā-l-khadduWa safā-n-nahru wa bihā-l-qaddu

(Rujū‘)Wa bi’āyi-s-sihri qad iftadahat bi ‘uyūn-l-ghīdi ma‘ānīhā

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1f) KhafīfQum ghanni lī yā nadīmī mā bayna hādhī al-maghānīWa-r-shuf banāti-l-kurūmi mukhaddirāt adh-dhanāni

(Tāla‘)Wa-n-tiq al-awtār birā’i‘i-l-ash‘ārWa-trub binaqri-t-tār wal-‘ūd wa-l-mizmār

g) KhatimThughūru ayyāmikum bawāsim wa-s-sa‘du fī hayyikum aqāmaWa ‘ayshikum fi-n-na‘īmi dā’im habākum al-amna wa-s-salāma

(Tāla‘)Al-hazzu wāfī wal-khayru dāfīYuqīmu fī ardikum dawāma

(Rujū‘)Baqītum wal-hanā’ fīkum yulāzim al-bad’a wal-khitāma

II - Wasla Muwashshahāt

1) Min rannat al-‘īdān (Nawā)a)Min rannat al-‘īdān raqqat hawāshī al-sāmarWa min sadā’-l-alhān samā shu‘ūr al-bashar

(1st verse)Wa fī shadhā-l-azhār wa tal‘atu-l-aqmārWa mantiqu-l-awtār tahīmu kulla-l-anfusi

Fa-r-ta‘ ma‘a-l-ghizlān fī kulli rawdin nādirWa-jlis ‘ala-l-kuthbān fawqa ‘urūsh-z-zahar

(2nd verse)Wa-qtuf janā-l-āmāl fi dawhati-l-azlālFī ma‘aqli-l-abtāl khayru bilādu TūnusiWa-nshud ‘ala-l-afnān bishi‘ri wa-lhānin barīLaylu-l-hawā yaqzān wa-n-najmu tirbu-s-sahari

b) Barwal

Hayya-btadir ladhdhata-l-humayyā wa khudh bihā min yadi-r-rashā’Waskub bikāsi-l-hawā maliyyā ‘ala lazā-l-hubbi fi-l-hashā(Tāla‘)

Min bayni wardin wa bayni ās wa-t-tallu qad tarraza-r-riyādFa-rfuda-l-hawā ma ‘alayka bās wa tih bi-ajfānihi-l-mirād

(Rujū‘)Wa nam bi-mahdi-l-hawā haniyyā wa lā takhfi minhu in fashāWa-ghnim mina-l-hazzi mā tahayya wa yaf ‘alu-l-Lāhu mā yashā’

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6 2) Tāfa bi-s-sahbā’i badrī (Mazmūm)a)Tāfa bi-s-sahbā’i badrī fi ku’ūsin min lujaynFa-s-qinī qad tāba sukrī yā kahīla-l-muqlatayn Lastu a‘nī binta karmin zānahā tāju habāb

Bal munāya rashfu zhalmin min thanāya wa rudhāb Mah-tiyālī yā ghazālī kāda yafnīnī-l-huyāmTāla suhdī ba‘da bu‘dī ‘anka yā badra-t-tamām b) KhātimLaysa linār al-hawā khumūdu wa lā li-Qādi-l-hawā shuhūduAntum lanā fil-hawā mawālī wa nahnu fī hubbikum ‘abīduBi-l-Lāhi hinnu ‘ala-l-mutayyam min sāra fī hubbikum ‘amīdu

3) Bil hawā qalbī ta‘allaq (Hsīn)a)Bil hawā qalbī ta‘allaq wa jafā jafnī-l-manāmWal-hashā minnī tamazzaq wa dumū‘ī fi-n-sijāmJam‘u shamlī qad tafarraq yā turā hbbī arāhāh lawla-sh-shawqu ajrā ‘abratī mā qultu āh Dhubtu min jawri-l-layālī wa kawā qalbī-l-firāqSāra jismī fi-n-tihāli wa fu’ādī fi-h-tirāqMan yakun hālū kahālī qalla an yalqā dawāhāh lawla-sh-shawqu ajrā ‘abratī mā qultu āh

4) Fī naghmati-l-‘ūd wa-s-sulāfa (‘Ajam ‘ushayrān)Fī naghmati-l-‘ūd wa-s-sulāfa wa-r-rawdu wa-n-nahru wa-n-nadīmAtāla min lāmanī khilāfah fazsalla fī nuīhihi mulīm

1st verse: ‘Ajam ‘ushayrānDa‘nī ‘alā manhīaji-t-taīābī mā qāma lil-‘udhru bi-sh-shabābWa lā tatul fi-l-munā ‘itābī falastu aīghā ila-l-‘itābLā tarja raddī ilā sawābī wa-l-ka’su taftarru ‘an habāb

(Tāla‘)Wa-l-ghusnu yubdī lanā in‘itāfah idhā hafā fawqahu-n-nasīmWa-r-rawdu ahdā lanā qitāfah wa-kh-tāla fī bardihi-r-raqīm

(2nd verse: Nahāwand)Yā habbadhā ‘ahdi-l-qadīm wa man bihi himtu mas‘adīRīmun ‘ala-l-wasli lā yurīm mūla‘un bi-t-tawaddudMā tamma illā bihi-n-na‘īm taw‘an ‘alā raghma hussadī

(Tāla‘)

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1Mu ‘tadilu-l-qaddi dhū nahāfatin asqamnī tarfuh-s-saqīmWa rāma tarfī bihi-n-tisāfah fa khaddu fī khaddihi-l-kalīm

(3th verse: Hijāz)Ghusnu-s-sabā ‘ātiru-l-muqabbal ahlā mina-l-amni wal-amalZhāmī-l-hashā mudhamu-l-mukhalkhal hulwu-l-lamā sāhiru-l-muqal

Likulli mā rāmahu tawassal lam yakhsha raddan bimā fa‘al(Tāla‘)Ashkū fayubdī li-‘tirāfah in hāda ‘an nahjihi-l-qawīmLā a‘damu-d-dahra fīhi rāfah fahaqqa lī fīhi an ahīm

(4th verse: Mazmūm)Li-Lāhi ‘asrun lanā taqaddā bi-s-suddi wal-manbari-l-bahījArā adhkārī ilayhi faradhā wa shawquhu dā’iman yahījFakam khala‘nā ‘alayhi ghamadhā wa li-s-sabā masrahun arīj 

(Tāla‘)Wa raddun atāla-l-munā irtishafah hattā-n-qadhā shurbuh al-karīmLi-Lāhi mā asra‘a-n-hirāfah wa hākadhā-d-dahru lā yadīm (5th verse: Khātim)Yā man ba‘athta-l-matiyya gharabā ‘arrij ‘alā hadrati-l-mulūkWa-n-thur bihā an safahta gharbā min madma‘in ‘atili-s-sulūkWa-s-ma‘ ilā man aqāma -s-sabā wahki sadāhu lā fudha fūk Balligh salāmi qasra-r-rusāfah wahki lahu ‘ahdī-l-qadīmWahayyi ‘annī dāra-l-khilāfa wa qif bihā waqfata-l-gharīm

III - Qasīda

1) Qif bi-l-manāzili (‘Ajam ‘ushayrān)Qif bi-l-manāzili wanshuq tība rayyāhā washrah mutūna sabābātīlilaylāhāWa qul lahā in tanāsat ‘ahda man fatanat falī fu’ādun wafiyyun laysa yansāhāMan sāghahā Allāhu min mā’i-l-hayāti wa qad abqā baqāyāhu tajrī fī thanāyāhāFattish ‘alā kabidī in kunta muktashifā āthāru hubbī tajidhu fī zawāyāhā

Sa’altuhā ayna qalbī hīna jadda binā dā‘ī-l-firāqi fa’adnānī wa adnāhāFa-s-ta‘jabat thumma qālat kayfa a‘rifuhu wa kam qulūbun ladaynā qadwajadnāhāFaqultu qalbī qad awdā-l-gharāmu bihi faīāra min baynihā fi-l-hubbi ashqāhāWa dhāka yakfīka īdāhan lisūratihi mā dāma yafqidu amthālan waashbāhā‘Asāka an narat ‘aynāka shaqwatahu kasawtahu min thiyābi-l-wasli abhāhā

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8 2) Anūhu fataskharu min admu‘ī (Sīka ‘irāq)Anūhu fataskharu min admu‘ī wa tunīifu fil-hubbi illā ma‘īFayā laytahā ‘adalat fī gharāmī wa hannat ‘alā qalbī al-mūja‘iTaīuddu dalālan wa tubdī jafāhā li-sabbin mashūqun bihā mūla‘iWa tu‘ridu wal-qalbu bayna yadayhā ka ul‘ubatin fi yadi-l-murdi‘iAlā dhakkarūhā bi ‘ahdi-l-hawā wa ayyāmihi-l-ghurari-l-lumma‘i

Wa mā kāna minhā wa mā kāna minnī ‘alā busuti-z-zahri fil-marba‘iLayāliya bitnā wa bāta-l-hawā malākan yariffu ‘ala-l-madja‘iWa ayyāma tirnā bijawwi-l-amānī hazārayni ashdū fatshdū ma‘īAlā dhakkarūhā bi- mādin sa‘īd tanazzā lahu-l-qalbu fil-adlu‘i‘Asāhā tahinnu wa tabnī ma‘ī ghadan lil-hawā mushriqu-l- matla‘i

3) Yā zahratan (Rāst)Yā zahratan ghaddat wa dā ‘a arījuhā fa qataftuhā qurba-l-miyāhi īabāhāWa-l-laylu adhrā dam‘ahu mutaraqriqan fī kammihā fabadā bihi waddāhāWa tazakhrafat bi zabarjadin wa bi ‘asjadin wa bi fiddatin zānat ruban wa bitāhāMā li-n-nasīmi ya’innu huznan ba‘da mā alqā ‘alayka mina-l-hanāni janāhāYahwāka lākin sā’ahu yā zahratan an lā yuqabbila thaghraki-l-fawwāhāLammā darā anna-l-firāqa bilā liqā’ ja‘ala-l-hubūba ‘ala-l-firāqi niyāhāYā layta kaffī mā janatka qasāwatan āh laqad hayyajti li-l-aqrāhāDhakaratnī tilka-l-latī ‘annī na’at wa madat wa abqat madma‘ī saffāhā

4) Hajara - l - habīb (Māhūr)Hajara-l-habību wamā darā min ba‘di hajrihi mā jarāInna-l-mahājira ba‘dahu minhā jarā mā qad jarāYā ayyuha-l-wāshī-l-ladhī dassa-d-dasā’isa waf-tarā

Khaf Rabbaka-l-a‘lā wa man khalaqa-l-milāha wa īawwarāAn shaffanī shaghafun famā kuntu-l-mufarrada fil-warāInna-r-rashāqata wal-bahā malakā-n-nufūsa kamā tarāMā bā‘a īabbun rāhatan kallā walā-l-hubbu-shtarāLakinnamā malaka-l-hawā qalban lahu fataīabbarāWa taīā‘adat zafarātuhu lammā-l-fu’ādu tasa‘‘arāFa idhā da‘awta ‘ala-mri’in wa aradta an yatadammarāQul Rabbī suqhu li ghādatin fīhā-l-jamālu tawaffarāFahunāka talqā-n-nāsu lā rayba-l-‘adhāba al-akbarā

5) ‘Adhlu-l-‘awādhil (Rasd al-dhīl)‘Adhlu-l-‘awādhil wal-hawā wa fu’ādī qad dā‘a īabrī baynahā wa rashādīHādha ya’innu wa dhāka yaftiku bil-hashā wal-‘adhlu baynahumā sa‘yu ‘ādīAr‘ā-n-nujūma ka’annanī bihisābihā arjū munāratan ma‘a-r-rasādiHattā idhā kashafa-s-sabāhu jabīnahu wa atalla tayru-l-ayki bil inshādiAtlaqtu li-d-dam‘i-l-‘ināna waqultu yā laylā arhamī wa lahī wafrata widādīRuddī li-Qaysaki mā akhadhat mina-l-hajā bi karīmi wa‘din aw nabīli murādi 

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1III - Aghānī

1) Yā lāymī

Yā lāymī yizzīnī man sāb ‘īnik ‘īnī 

Illawm sha‘‘al nārī wa khalla - d - dumū‘ qtāraal-hukum fīhā jārī billi - n- katab fi - jbīnī Law tshūf ‘īn al-ghanja muhāl minhā tinjaWi-t-‘ūd fīhā tarja wi-t-hinnu mithil hnīnī

Law tshūfhā yā lāyim wijhi - l - qmar al-tāmimKhallāt qalbī hāyim wi-kh-dhāt rūh iknīnī Tshūf ish‘ar msabbī akhal khalīqit RabbīTahta ijjibīn imkhabbī min buhirta sābīnī Law shuftahā titbassam wa-sinn dur mnazhzhimTutlub ihdhāhā tursum nā hālfa bī-mīnī

2) Illī kwātū nār mhabba

Illī kwātū nār al-mahabbah wijfāh al-mahbūbHālū zhāhir mā yitkhabbah min ‘aqlū maslūb Illī kwātū- l- ‘īn inahhārah u mā sikhfitsh ‘alīh

Hubbū dīma msha‘‘al nārah mā bīn jwājīhYi‘addī ‘umrū il-kul mrārah mā yināl mā yurdhīh Nazrithā aqwā min hubbah minha-l-qalb yidhūbIdha Shabbat tarmī lahbah fī jāsh il-mashbūb Illī - kwāh il-hub u-lahbah mitnakkid mahmūmDīma ikhammim fillī yihibbah mā yurguidsh innūmIl-bu‘d yi‘adhdhibla galbah u yibda ‘alīh illūm 

Idhā mā hann ilā hubbah wa‘tāh il-marghūbMā yigdir had ‘alā tibbah u yibqa kil-masbūb Yā lāyim u‘dhur il-‘āshiq rāhū - l -hub is‘ībKīf itrāh dam‘ū dāfiq u fī maknūnu luhhībKhallīh fī hmūmū ghāriq mā - t - zīdū ta‘dhīb

Lūmik lāy-fukkū min ghalbah u lā ihassil matlūbUtlub rabbi ifarrij karbah mufarrij il-kurūb 

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0 3) Muhāl kilmit āh

Muhāl kilmit āh tibrī - l - ‘illa wi- t - ballagh ilmaqsūd yā shar‘ Allah

Tabrī awjā‘ah tishfi - l - humūsākna fi - dlā‘ahGalb in kawāh il-hubb ma yitwā‘a

Mā yinf‘ūsh itbīb bil-burtillah Tabri - mhūnī mā sibtshi hukkām yinsfūnīWard in sguītū min dumū‘ i‘yūnīLasa‘nī ib-shūkū gabil mā nūslah Ghazālī nafarnī min ghīr kilmit ‘īb zād ihjarnīBbārūd lahzah fī - hshāya ijmarnīDā‘i - r - rajā’ mā sibt mā na‘millah

Tabri-s-qāmī tāli - s - sahar kithrit ‘alayya - w -hāmīHabbīt nansā - l - hubb zādi - ghrāmīHāwilt nahrub mā - l -guītish fallah Il-‘ishig inkāyid ana - l - ladhī ‘ānīt minnū- b- zāyidIl-‘umur yifnā u mā itnāl ifwāyidMumkinish mil-qandūl tajnī -l-ghallah Tabri - l - lī‘a lāt - fīd fillī yūj‘ik biqtī‘ahIdhā habīb ikhāltik bitmī‘ahBārik minnū idhā mshā lā wallā

4) Kīf dār kās- il-hubb

Kīf dār kās il-hubb bīnī u bīnik wi-s-kirnā lithnīnSallimt qalbī u muhjatī fī imīnik wi-s-khirt mi-lukhrīn Kīf dār kās il-hubb wisfā wuddik wi-shribt khamri-t-tāfha min yaddikU nashshift dam‘ī fī harārit khaddik shammīt ‘itri-l -ward bihdhā ‘īnik

Mamzūj bil-yāsmīnItfattah qalbī līk hattā-d-khaltū wi-frah wi-zhā bīk kīf iskantū

Yā kāmla fi - l -husn qalbī - s -labtū kī itzahati-l-khāma u shuft ijbīnikWi-b-har dawwi-l-‘īnMā nīsh ghālit fīk kīf ahwītk u bi‘ti hubbi-l-kull bash ishrītikBi - s - sam‘ na‘shaq min qabl mā rītik yā fāyza ‘a-l-ghāniyāt ibzīnik

Irfiq bihā - l - miskīnTūl ‘umrī mā ninsāsh kī - tlāqīnā min ba‘d barsha - klām qālū fīnāWi tikamdat al-hussād wi-tsāfīnā wa khassastinī bi-mhabbatik wahnīnik

Wa-hdīthik libnīnYā munyatī yā zahratī - l -fawwāhah yā bughyatī yā wajnati - tuffāhahAl-qurb minnik sibt fīhi - rāhah bi -l -Lāh mā tib‘idish ‘ala miskīnik

Yā sākina liknīn

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15) Yā Sālma yā khwīltī

Yā Sālma yā khwīltī-l-bidwiyya nitfakrik innār tish‘il fiyya Kīf nitfakkir ayyāmnā illi - mdhāt i‘sal u sukkarAnā nisbiqiq lil-‘īn winti-t-bakkir wa yazhāw libnāwīt ihdhā lim-mayya

Qalbī idhīq u khātrī yitsakkar way-fīdh dam‘u - l - ‘īn fūq khudayya Wa līlati-l-mahfal insarrij ‘alā - l - ashhab wa līk inqabbilNudkhul ma‘a ghannāyta win-shattil ‘az - zīn illi - t - lam fil-‘arbiyyaWa narjā ‘uyūni-l- ‘irs hattā taghfal wi - njīk nishkī mwāj‘ī u mā biyya Mazhā wushāmik imhadhdhan ‘ala - l - ‘arqūb that ihzāmikWa khulkhāl fidhdha imhaddir ‘ala-qdāmik wa rijlik idhrīfa imharqasa imhannyyaYā law it-hissī hiriqtī bi-ghrāmik itqūlī ithrīta-l-hubb hāja iqwiyya

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ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ / CONTENTS

Στοιχεῖα ἔκδοσης / CreditsΠρόλογος / Prologue Ἔργο MediMuses / MediMuses ProjectΒιογραφία / Biography

Ἐργογραφία / Ergography Ἔργα / Works

Shanbar NawāYammim riyādha-l-wurūdBi-Marsa al-ZharīfAyyuha-l-muwalla‘Qumm ghanni liThughur ayyamukum mawāsimuA-bani-l-KhadhraLazma Khafif

Nuba al hadhraBil-hawa qalbī ta‘allaqFi nagmat al-’ūd wa-s-sulafaHayya ibtadirLaysa li nar al-hawa khumuduMin rannat al-‘idānTāfa bi-s-sahbā’iYa man yahithtQif bil-manāzil‘Adhli-l-‘awādhīlHajara -l-habībAnūh fataskharu min admu‘iYa zahratanAna - n - nhibbu u-huwwa mwatiniAsh yifidi-l-malamUmm al-hasan ghannat fuq al-shajraGhanni ya ‘usfurGhazali nafarYa khammuriHuzti-l-baha wi-s-sir ya mismiyyaIlli kawatu nar mahabba

Inti yalli b‘id ‘alayyaKīf dār kās al-hubbLa radya la baghdhaLaw kan al-nar illi kawatni kawatikLaw kan ta‘rif ma jarali ba‘dakLayya ‘tini bshaddil-hawa ya DuyaMahlaha kilma fi fummiMuhāl kilmit āh tibri-l-‘illa

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Na naçhiq ya qalbRabbi ‘atani kulli shay bikmaluShar‘i-l-hubb bini-u-binakYa khayna bash kun baddaltiniYa laymi yizziniYa Salma ya khwilti

Ya ummi-l-‘uwina-z-zargaYa wilfiti idha tighib ‘alayyaYalli bu‘dak dhayya‘ fikriNanni nanni ahna mnamAl ‘ilm li-lumam sirru-l-baqāBillah ya khayyalaHayya nasimuk hatta kada yuhyiniYa marah-ba bil-‘idShahri-s-siyam halYa jannit la‘mala

Στίχοι / Lyrics

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