corporate project sumit

7/24/2019 Corporate Project Sumit

1/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

STATUTORY COMPANY

Project submitted

to

Mr. Shyamtanu Paul

(Faculty: Corporate Law)

Project submitted

by

Sumit Sharma

(Roll no.-157)

(Section-C, Sem-V)

HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

RAIPUR, C.G.


2/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

Ta!" #$ C#%t"%t&

TOPICS PAGES

Acknowledgements03

Introduction................................................................................................................04

Objectives...05

Reserc! "et!odology...05

"ening o# $lry..0%

&!rcteristics o' $lry.0%

(eduction llowed 'rom slry)0

(eduction in res*ect o' +i'e insurnce *remi, -section 0&/ ....)

&onclusion )%

Re'erences .)1


3/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

A'%#!"*+"m"%t&

At t!e outset, I would like to e2*ress my !ert'elt grtitude nd t!nk my tec!er, "r.$!ymtnu Pul 'or *utting !er trust in me nd giving me *roject to*ic Statutory

Companysuc! s t!is nd 'or !ving t!e 'it! in me to deliver.

"y grtitude lso goes out to t!e st'' nd dministrtion o' +6 'or t!e in'rstructure in

t!e 'orm o' our librry nd I7 +b t!t ws source o' gret !el* 'or t!e com*letion o' t!is

*roject.

Nam" Sumit Sharma

R#!! %#.- /0


4/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

I%tr#*u'ti#%

Among t!e 'ive !eds o' income listed by $.)4, $lries8 ist!e 'irst nd most im*ortnt !ed

o' income. 7!e conce*t o'$lries8 is very wide nd includes not only t!e slry in

common*rlnce but lso vrious ot!er recei*ts, gi'ts, *er9uisites ndbene'its.

$lry8 includes :

-i/ ;ges or $lry: t2

*ur*oses t!ere is no di''erence between slry nd wges.

-ii/ Annuity is nnul grnt mde by t!e em*loyer to t!e em*loyee.

-iii/ Pension is *eriodicl *yment 'or *st services.

-iv/ ?rtuity is lum* sum *yment 'or *st services.

-v/ #ees nd &ommission: It is remunertion to encourge em*loyees.

-vi/ Per9uisites: 7!ese include ll bene'its nd menities *rovided by t!e em*loyer to t!e

em*loyee, eit!er in cs! or kind.

-vii/ Pro'it in lieu o' or in ddition to slry or wges.

-viii/ Advnce o' $lry.

-i2/ Any *yment received by n em*loyee in res*ect o' ny *eriod o' leve not viled o' by

!im.

-2/ 72ble *ortion o' nnul ccretion: ;!ere t!e em*loyee is member o' Recognised

Provident #und, t!e mount contributed by t!e em*loyer in t!is 'und in e2cess o' ) *er cent

o' t!e slry o' t!e em*loyee nd interest credited on t!e mount o' t!e 'und in e2cess o' t!e

*rescribed rte o' interest is to be included in t!e slry income.


5/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

O1"'ti2"

7o understnd t!e signi'icnce nd mening o' t!e term $lry8 nd study its

**liction in t!e t2 legisltions.

7o study !ow t2 is deducted 'rom slry.

R"&"ar'h M"th#*#!#+3

7!e *roject is descri*tive in nture. (t !ve been collected on t!e bsis o' secondry

resources. 7!is includes books, literture, rticles, journls, web *ges, etc. @ooks nd ot!er

re'erence s guided by #culty o' +w o' 72tion !ve been *rimrily !el*'ul in giving t!is

*roject 'irm structure. ;ebsites nd rticles !ve lso been re'erred.

M"a%i%+ #$ &a!ar3


6/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

7!e reltions!i* o' *yer nd *yee must be o' em*loyer nd em*loyee'or n income to be

ctegoried s slry income. #or e2m*le: $lryincome o' "ember o' Prliment cnnot

be s*eci'ied s slry, since it isreceived 'rom ?overnment o' Indi w!ic! is not !is

em*loyer.

$lry, in sim*le words, mens remunertion o' *erson, w!ic! !e !s received'rom !is

em*loyer 'or rendering services to !im. @ut recei*ts 'or ll kinds o'services rendered cnnot

be t2ed s slry. 7!e remunertion received by*ro'essionls like doctors, rc!itects,

lwyers etc. cnnot be covered under slrysince it is not received 'rom t!eir em*loyers but

'rom t!eir clients. $o, it is t2edunder business or *ro'ession !ed. In order to understnd

w!t is included inslry, let us discuss 'ew c!rcteristics o' slry.)

Chara't"ri&ti'& #$ Sa!ar3

). . 7!e Act mkes no distinction between slry nd wges, t!oug! generllyslry is *id

'or non>mnul work nd wges re *id 'or mnul work.

3. $lry received 'rom em*loyer, w!et!er one or more t!n one is includedin t!is !ed.

4. $lry is t2ble eit!er on due bsis or recei*t bsis w!ic! ever mtureserlier:

i/ (ue bsis B w!en it is erned even i' it is not received in t!e *reviousyer.

ii/ Recei*t bsis B w!en it is received even i' it is not erned in t!e *reviousyer.

iii/ Arrers o' slry> w!ic! were not due nd received erlier re t2blew!en due or

received, w!ic! ever is erlier.

5. &om*ulsory deduction 'rom slry suc! s em*loyees= contribution to*rovident 'und,

deduction on ccount o' medicl sc!eme or st'' wel'resc!eme etc. re e2m*les o'

instnces o' **liction o' income. In t!esecses, 'or com*uting totl income, t!ese

deductions !ve to be ddedbck.

1"!es! &!ndr C (.&. $!uklD> Income>t2 +w nd Prctice8, Prgti Publictions


7/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

Sa!ar3

7!e mening o' t!e term t2 Act, )F%) will include bot! monetry *yments -e.g. bsic

slry,bonus, commission, llownces etc./ s well s non>monetry 'cilities -e.g.!ousingccommodtion, medicl 'cility, interest 'ree lons etc/.

() Em4!#3"r-"m4!#3"" r"!ati#%&hi4 5@e'ore n income cn become c!rgeble under

t!e !ed


8/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

-c/ &ommission received by (irector 'rom com*ny is slry i' t!e (irector is

nem*loyee o' t!e com*ny. I', !owever, t!e (irector is not n em*loyee o' t!e com*ny,t!e

sid commission cnnot be c!rged s slry but !s to be c!rged eit!er s income'rom

business or s income 'rom ot!er sources de*ending u*on t!e 'cts.

;!ere t!e em*loyee is resident nd ordinrily resident in indi nd rendering services in

indi slry s!ll be deemed to ccrue or rise in indi even i' t!e em*loyer w!o is non>

resident *ys some mount being *rt o' slry outside indi.

-d/ $lry *id to *rtner by 'irm is not!ing but n **ro*rition o' *ro'its. Any

slry,bonus, commission or remunertion by w!tever nme clled due to or received

by*rtner o' 'irm s!ll not be regrded s slry. 7!e sme is to be c!rged s income'rom*ro'its nd gins o' business or *ro'ession. 7!is is *rimrily becuse t!ereltions!i* between

t!e 'irm nd its *rtners is not t!t o' n em*loyer nd em*loyee.

(6) 7u!!-tim" #r 4art-tim" "m4!#3m"%t5It does not mtter w!et!er t!e em*loyee is 'ull

time em*loyee or *rt>time one. Once t!e reltions!i* o' em*loyer nd em*loyee e2ists, t!e

income is to be c!rged under t!e !ed slries8. I', 'or e2m*le, n em*loyee works

wit!more t!n one em*loyer, slries received 'rom ll t!e em*loyers s!ould be clubbed

ndbroug!t to c!rge 'or t!e relevnt *revious yers.

(8) 7#r"+#i%+ #$ &a!ar35Once slry ccrues. t!e subse9uent wiver by t!e em*loyeedoes

not bsolve !im 'rom libility to income>t2. $uc! wiver is only n **liction nd!ence,

c!rgeble to t2.

E2m*le: "r. A, n em*loyee instructs !is em*loyer t!t !e is not interested Gn receiving t!e

2H&I7 v Eli +illy nd co.-indi/ Pvt. +td. -00F/ 3) I7R 5 -$&/


9/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

slry 'or A*ril 0) nd t!e sme mig!t be donted to c!ritble institution. In t!is

cse,"r. A cnnot clim t!t !e cnnot be c!rged in res*ect o' t!e slry 'or A*ril 0). It is

onlydue to !is instruction t!t t!e dontion ws mde to c!ritble institution by !is

em*loyer. Itis only n **liction o' income. ence, t!e slry 'or t!e mont! o' A*ril 0)

will be t2blein t!e !nds o' "r. A. e is !owever, entitled to clim deduction under

section 0? 'or t!emount donted to t!e institution.

-4/ Surr"%*"r #$ &a!ar3: owever, i' n em*loyee surrenders !is slry to t!e

&entrl?overnment under section o' t!e Joluntry $urrender o' $lries -E2em*tion 'rom

72tion/Act, )F%), t!e slry so surrendered would be e2em*t w!ile com*uting !is t2bleincome.

(/) Sa!ar3 4ai* ta9-$r""57!is, in ot!er words, mens t!t t!e em*loyer bers t!e burdeno'

t!e t2 on t!e slry o' t!e em*loyee. In suc! cse, t!e income 'rom slries in t!e !ndso'

t!e em*loyee will consist o' !is slry income nd lso t!e t2 on t!is slry *id by

t!eem*loyer.

D"$i%iti#% #$ Sa!ar3

7!e term monetry items. 7!ere re di''erentde'initionso' slry= sy 'or clculting e2em*tion in res*ect o' grtuity, !ouse rent llownce

etc.


10/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

-ii/ ny nnuity or *ension,

-iii/ ny grtuity,

-iv/ ny 'ees, commission, *er9uisite or *ro'its in lieu o' or in ddition to ny slry or

wges,

-y/ ny dvnce o' slry,

-vi/ ny *yment received in res*ect o' ny *eriod o' leve not viled by !im i.e. leve

slry or leve encs!ment,

-vii/ t!e *ortion o' t!e nnul ccretion in ny *revious yer to t!e blnce t t!e credit o' n

em*loyee *rtici*ting in recognised *rovident 'und to t!e e2tent it is t2ble nd

-viii/ trns'erred blnce in recognied *rovident 'und to t!e e2tent it is t2ble,

-i2/ t!e contribution mde by t!e &entrl ?overnment or ny ot!er em*loyer in t!e

*reviousyer to t!e ccount o' n em*loyee under *ension sc!eme re'erred to in section

000(.

What is salary-


11/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

Salary is said to be the remunerationreceived by or accruing to an

individual for service rendered aa result of an express or implied contract.

The statute, gives an inclusive but not exhaustive denition of salary.Salary includes therein

!i" #ages !ii" $nnuity or pension !iii" %ratuity !iv" fees, commission,

per&uisites or prots in lieu of salary !v" $dvance salary !vi"

'eceipt from provident fund !vii" (ontribution of employer to a

recongnised provident fund in excess of prescribed limit !viii"

)eave encashment !ix" compensation as a result of variation of

service contract etc. !x" %overnment contribution to a pensionscheme.*

E9'"4ti#%& t# &a!ar3 i%'#m"5

7!e e2istence o' nem*loyee= reltions!i* is must 'or *yment to be t2ed

under t!e !ed slries. Accordingly, t!e 'ollowing clsses o' *yments do not 'll under t!e

*urview o' t!e !ed


12/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

D"*u'ti#% a!!#"* $r#m &a!ar3

7!e 'ollowing mounts s!ll be deducted in order to rrive t t!e c!rgeble income under

t!e !ed $ection )%-ii/ :

)%-ii/. A deduction in res*ect o' ny llownce in t!e nture o' n entertinment llownce

s*eci'iclly grnted by n em*loyer to t!e ssessee w!o is in recei*t o' slry 'rom t!e

?overnment, sum e9ul to one'i't! o' !is slry -e2clusive o' ny llownce, bene'it or

ot!er *er9uisite/ or 'ive t!ousnd ru*ees, w!ic!ever is less.

;.e.'. A*ril ), 00 entertinment llownce will be llowed in com*uting income 'rom

slry only in cse o' em*loyees o' t!e ?overnment nd will cese to be llowble 'or

*ersons ot!er t!n t!ose em*loyed in ?overnment i.e. entertinment llownce deduction

will not be llowed to ot!er em*loyees.

#or t!is *ur*ose nig! im*ossible 'or t!e em*loyees o'

*rivte sector. #or t!em, t!e better course would be to get t!e entertinment e2*enses

reimbursed.

(C) Ta9#%"m4!#3m"%t #r Pr#$"&&i#%a! Ta9:#rom t!e ssessment yer )FF0>F), deduction

s!ll be llowed in res*ect o' ny sum *id by t!e ssessee on ccount o' t2 on

em*loyment wit!in t!e mening o' cluse -/ o' rticle 1% o' t!e &onstitution, levible by

$tte under ny lw *ssed by its legislture. ;!ere Pro'essionlLEm*loyment t2 is *id by

t!e em*loyer on be!l' o' t!e em*loyee, it will 'irst be included in !is gross slry s

*er9uisite, being monetry obligtion o' t!e em*loyee disc!rged by t!e em*loyer.

7!ere'ter, deduction on ccount o' suc! *ro'essionl t2 s!ll be llowed to t!e em*loyee

'rom !is gross slry. Pro'essionl t2 due but not *id s!ll not be llowed s deduction.


13/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

D"*u'ti#% i% r"&4"'t #$ Li$" i%&ura%'" 4r"mia, *"$"rr"* a%%uit3,

'#%triuti#%& t# 4r#2i*"%t $u%*, &u&'ri4ti#% t# '"rtai% ";uit3

&har"& #r *""%tur"&, "t'. (&"'ti#%


14/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

. to ny suc! security o' t!e &entrl ?overnment or ny suc! de*osit sc!eme s

t!e &entrl ?overnment my, by noti'iction in t!e O''icil ?ette, s*eci'y in

t!is be!l'D

b. to ny suc! sving certi'ictes s de'ined under t!e ?overnment $ving

&erti'icte Act, )F5F5s t!e ?overnment my, by noti'iction in t!e O''icil

?ette, s*eci'y in t!is be!l'.

-%/ Any sum *id s contribution in t!e cse o' n individul, 'or !imsel', s*ouse or ny

c!ild,

. 'or *rtici*tion in t!e 6nit +inked Insurnce Pln, )F1) o' t!e 6nit 7rust o' IndiD

b. 'or *rtici*tion in ny unit>linked insurnce *ln o' t!e +I& "utul #und re'erred to

section )0 -3(/ nd s noti'ied by t!e &entrl ?overnment.

-1/ Any subscri*tion mde to e''ect or kee* in 'orce contrct 'or suc! nnuity *ln o' t!e

+i'e Insurnce &or*ortion or ny ot!er insurer s t!e &entrl ?overnment my, by

noti'iction in t!e O''icil ?ette, s*eci'yD

-/ Any subscri*tion mde to ny units o' ny "utul #und, o' section )0-3(/, or 'rom t!e

Administrtor or t!e s*eci'ied com*ny re'erred to in 6nit 7rust o' Indi -7rns'er o'

6ndertking C Re*el/ Act, 00 under ny *ln 'ormulted in ccordnce wit! ny sc!eme

s t!e &entrl ?overnment, my, by noti'iction in t!e O''icil ?ette, s*eci'y in t!is be!l'D

7!e investments mde 'ter )>4>00% in *lns 'ormulted in ccordnce wit! E9uity +inked

$ving $c!eme, )FF or E9uity +inked $ving $c!eme, )FF s!ll lso 9uli'y 'or deduction

under section 0&.

-F/ Any contribution mde by n individul to ny *ension 'und set u* by ny "utul #und

re'erred to in section )0-3(/, or, by t!e Administrtor or t!e s*eci'ied com*ny re'erred to

in 6nit 7rust o' Indi -7rns'er o' 6ndertking C Re*el/ Act, 00, s t!e &entrl

?overnment my, by noti'iction in t!e O''icil ?ette, s*eci'y in t!is be!l'D

-)0/ Any subscri*tion mde to ny suc! de*osit sc!eme o', or, ny contribution mde to ny

suc! *ension 'und set u* by, t!e tionl ousing @nk, s t!e &entrl ?overnment my, by

noti'iction in t!e O''icil ?ette, s*eci'y in t!is be!l'D

-))/ Any subscri*tion mde to ny suc! de*osit sc!eme, s t!e &entrl ?overnment my, by

noti'iction in t!e O''icil ?ette, s*eci'y 'or t!e *ur*ose o' being 'loted by -/ *ublic

sector com*nies engged in *roviding long>term 'innce 'or construction or *urc!se o'

!ouses in Indi 'or residentil *ur*oses, or, -b/ ny ut!ority constituted in Indi by, or, under

$ection -c/, 7!e $ving &erti'icte Act, )F5F.


15/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

ny lw, encted eit!er 'or t!e *ur*ose o' deling wit! nd stis'ying t!e need 'or !ousing

ccommodtion or 'or t!e *ur*ose o' *lnning, develo*ment or im*rovement o' cities, towns

nd villges, or 'or bot!.%

-)/ Any sums *id by n ssessee 'or t!e *ur*ose o' *urc!se or construction o' residentil

!ouse *ro*erty, t!e income 'rom w!ic! is c!rgeble to t2 under t!e !ed MIncome 'rom

!ouse *ro*ertyM -or w!ic! would, i' it !s not been used 'or ssesseeNs own residence, !ve

been c!rgeble to t2 under t!t !ed/ w!ere suc! *yments re mde towrds or by wy o'

ny instlment or *rt *yment o' t!e mount due under ny sel'>'inncing or ot!er sc!eme

o' ny (evelo*ment Aut!ority, ousing @ord etc.1

7!e deduction will lso be llowble in res*ect o' re>*yment o' lons borrowed by n

ssessee 'rom t!e ?overnment, or ny bnk or +i'e Insurnce &or*ortion, or tionl

ousing @nk, or certin ot!er ctegories o' institutions engged in t!e business o' *roviding

long term 'innce 'or construction or *urc!se o' !ouses in Indi. Any re*yment o' lon

borrowed 'rom t!e em*loyer will lso be covered, i' t!e em*loyer !**ens to be *ublic

com*ny, or *ublic sector com*ny, or university estblis!ed by lw, or college

''ilited to suc! university, or locl ut!ority, or coo*ertive society, or n ut!ority, or

bord, or cor*ortion, or ny ot!er body estblis!ed under &entrl or $tte Act.

7!e stm* duty, registrtion 'ee nd ot!er e2*enses incurred 'or t!e *ur*ose o' trns'er s!ll

lso be covered. Pyment towrds t!e cost o' !ouse *ro*erty, !owever, will not include,

dmission 'ee or cost o' s!re or initil de*osit or t!e cost o' ny ddition or ltertion to, or,

renovtion or re*ir o' t!e !ouse *ro*erty w!ic! is crried out 'ter t!e issue o' t!e

com*letion certi'icte by com*etent ut!ority, or 'ter t!e occu*tion o' t!e !ouse by t!e

ssessee or 'ter it !s been let out. Pyments towrds ny e2*enditure in res*ect o' w!ic!

t!e deduction is llowble under t!e *rovisions o' section 4 o' t!e Act will lso not be

included in *yments towrds t!e cost o' *urc!se or construction o' !ouse *ro*erty.

;!ere t!e !ouse *ro*erty in res*ect o' w!ic! deduction !s been llowed under t!ese

*rovisions is trns'erred by t!e t2>*yer t ny time be'ore t!e e2*iry o' 'ive yers 'rom t!e

end o' t!e 'inncil yer in w!ic! *ossession o' suc! *ro*erty is obtined by !im or !e

receives bck, by wy o' re'und or ot!erwise, ny sum s*eci'ied in section 0&-/-2viii/, no

deduction under t!ese *rovisions s!ll be llowed in res*ect o' suc! sums *id in suc!

-!tt*s:LLdoreserc!.stn'ord.eduLreserc!...Lmjor...Llloction>e2*enses

+Supra Note 4.
https://doresearch.stanford.edu/research.../major.../allocation-expensehttps://doresearch.stanford.edu/research.../major.../allocation-expense


16/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

*revious yer in w!ic! t!e trns'er is mde nd t!e ggregte mount o' deductions o'

income so llowed in t!e erlier yers s!ll be dded to t!e totl income o' t!e ssessee o'

suc! *revious yer nd s!ll be lible to t2 ccordingly.

-)3/ 7uition 'ees, w!et!er t t!e time o' dmission or t!ere'ter, *id to ny university,

college, sc!ool or ot!er eductionl institution situted in Indi, 'or t!e *ur*ose o' 'ull>time

eduction o' ny two c!ildren o' t!e em*loyee.

#ull>time eduction includes ny eductionl course o''ered by ny university, college, sc!ool

or ot!er eductionl institution to student w!o is enrolled 'ull>time 'or t!e sid course. It is

lso clri'ied t!t 'ull>time eduction includes *ly>sc!ool ctivities, *re>nursery nd nursery

clsses.F

It is clri'ied t!t t!e mount llowble s tuition 'ees s!ll include ny *yment o' 'ee to ny

university, college, sc!ool or ot!er eductionl institution in Indi e2ce*t t!e mount

re*resenting *yment in t!e nture o' develo*ment 'ees or dontion or c*ittion 'ees or

*yment o' similr nture.)0

-)4/ $ubscri*tion to e9uity s!res or debentures 'orming *rt o' ny eligible issue o' c*itl

mde by *ublic com*ny, w!ic! is **roved by t!e @ord or by ny *ublic 'innce

institution.

-)5/ $ubscri*tion to ny units o' ny mutul 'und re'erred to in cluse -3(/ o' $ection )0

nd **roved by t!e @ord, i' t!e mount o' subscri*tion to suc! units is subscribed only in

eligible issue o' c*itl o' ny com*ny.

-)%/ Investment s term de*osit 'or 'i2ed *eriod o' not less t!n 'ive yers wit!

sc!eduled bnk, w!ic! is in ccordnce wit! sc!eme 'rmed nd noti'ied by t!e &entrl

?overnment, in t!e O''icil ?ette 'or t!ese *ur*oses.

-)1/ $ubscri*tion to suc! bonds issued by t!e tionl @nk 'or Agriculture nd Rurl

(evelo*ment, s t!e &entrl ?overnment my, by suc! noti'iction in t!e O''icil ?ette,

s*eci'y in t!is be!l'.))

-)/ Any investment in n ccount under t!e $enior &itiens $vings $c!eme Rules, 004.

(irect t2es: +w nd Prctice by (r.?iris!A!uj nd (r. Rvi ?u*t, 4t!Edition, @!rt Publis!ers -0)/.

/Ibid.

10www.lwbooks!o*.netLjournls

11Ibid.
http://www.lawbookshop.net/journalshttp://www.lawbookshop.net/journals


17/19

STATUTORY COMPANY

-)F/ Any investment s 'ive yer time de*osit in n ccount under t!e Post O''ice 7ime

(e*osit Rules, )F).

CONCLUSION

>Th" art #$ *#*+i%+ ta9 ith#ut r"ai%+ th" !a i& ta9 a2#i*a%'".?

- @u&ti'" C.R"**3

Among t!e 'ive !eds o' income listed by $.)4, $lries8 ist!e 'irst nd most im*ortnt !ed

o' income. 7!e conce*t o'$lries8 is very wide nd includes not only t!e slry in

common*rlnce but lso vrious ot!er recei*ts, gi'ts, *er9uisites ndbene'its.7!e lesson is

divided into vrious sections deling wit! t!econce*t o' slry income nd its c!rcteristics,

w!ic! de'ine s tow!t constitutes slries8 'ollowed by t!e incomes 'lling undert!is !ed

t!e com*uttion o' bsic slry, ty*es o' llownces nd*er9uisites, vlution o' t!e

*er9uisites, vrious income t2*rovisions 'or com*uting t2ble vlue o' llownces etc nd

t!eirdetiled descri*tions long wit! t!e **licble legl *rovisions o'income t2.

72, t!oug! n essentil element o' t!e 'iscl nd revenue system o' government !s to be

used judiciously nd smrtly in order to ensure t!t it 'lls *ro*ortiontely on *eo*le

ccording to t!eir s*ending !bits nd erning c*city. 72 met!ods must lso be o' suc! nture s to ensure t!t no loo*!oles re *resent so s mke voidnce cke wlk.

Peo*le re !owever t!e micro subjects o' t2 *olicies. 72tion must be imed t t!e bigger

'is! nd t!e lrger *icture is w!t must be tken into considertion. &om*nies, 'irms nd

ot!er cor*ortions must be subject to !ig!er t2 owing to t!eir lrger erning c*city s well

s t!e nture o' t!eir 'unction.


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#orms o' 72tion by +wrence ?eorge, )stEdition, i6niverse -00/

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Edition, @!rt Publis!ers -0)/

$tudent ?uide to Income 72 by (r.Jinod$ing!ni nd (r. "onic $ing!ni,

72mnn=s -0)3/

72tion: (irect nd Indirect by (r.Jinod$ing!ni nd (r. "onic $ing!ni,

72mnn=s -0)3/

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http://www.accounting-n-taxation.com/Salary-Income.htmlhttp://www.accounting-n-taxation.com/Salary-Income.htmlhttp://www.accounting-n-taxation.com/Salary-Income.htmlhttps://doresearch.stanford.edu/research.../major.../allocation-expensehttp://www.niser.ac.in/docs/rnd-manual.pdfhttp://www.icai.org/http://www.taxmann.com/bookstore/http://www.lawbookshop.net/journalshttp://www.lawbookshop.net/journalshttp://www.lawbookshop.net/journalshttp://www.lawbookshop.net/http://www.lawbookshop.net/http://www.accounting-n-taxation.com/Salary-Income.htmlhttps://doresearch.stanford.edu/research.../major.../allocation-expensehttp://www.niser.ac.in/docs/rnd-manual.pdfhttp://www.icai.org/http://www.taxmann.com/bookstore/http://www.lawbookshop.net/journalshttp://www.lawbookshop.net/


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