cornubia retail park and m 41 interchange …rhdhv.co.za/media/august-2013/appendix c4.1.pdf ·...

CORNUBIA RETAIL PARK AND M 41 INTERCHANGE VEGETATION ASSESSMENT SUMMARY DOCUMENT

Final Summary Document

PROJECT NO: 10991 REVISION NO: Rev 1 ISSUE DATE: November 2012

Declaration I, Dr. Richard Grant Kinvig, declare that I –

act as an independent specialist consultant in the field of Ecology and Botany and have undertaken the Vegetation Assessment for the sites identified for assessment for the proposed development known as Shongweni Mixed Use, in the Ethekwini Municipality;

do not have and will not have any financial interest in the undertaking of the activity, other than remuneration for work performed in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2006;

have and will not have any vested interest in the proposed activity proceeding; have no, and will not engage in, conflicting interests in the undertaking of the activity; undertake to disclose, to the competent authority, any material information that have or may

have the potential to influence the decision of the competent authority or the objectivity of any report, plan or document required in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2006; and

will provide the competent authority with access to all information at our disposal regarding the application, whether such information is favourable to the applicant or not

Date: November 2012

Document Title: CORNUBIA RETAIL PARK AND M 41 INTERCHANGE VEGETATION ASSESSMENT SUMMARY DOCUMENT

Author: Dr. R.G. Kinvig (Pr. Sci. Nat.)

Signature:

Revision Number: 2 Checked by: Ryan Edwards Approved: Ryan Edwards

Signature:

For: SiVEST Environmental Division "COPYRIGHT IS VESTED IN SiVEST IN TERMS OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT (ACT 98 OF 1978) AND NO USE OR REPRODUCTION OR DUPLICATION THEREOF MAY OCCUR WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE AUTHOR"


DRAFT SUMMARY DOCUMENT

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. BACKGROUND AND TERMS OF REFERENCE 1

3. VEGETATION ASSESSMENT OF SITE 1 AND INTERCHANGE AREA 2 3.1. Site 1 ........................................................................................................................ 2

3.1.1. Historic usage of site .................................................................................................... 2

3.1.2. Vegetation ...................................................................................................................... 2

3.1.3. Proposed land use ........................................................................................................ 2

3.1.4. Motivation and Mitigation for species loss ................................................................ 2

3.1.5. Recommendations going forward ............................................................................... 3

3.2. Interchange Area ...................................................................................................... 4

3.2.1. Vegetation: ..................................................................................................................... 4

3.2.2. Proposed land use ........................................................................................................ 5

3.2.3. Motivation and Mitigation for loss of plant species .................................................. 5

3.2.4. Recommendations going forward ............................................................................... 5

4. LEGISLATION 6 4.1. National Forests Act (Act No. 84 of 1998) ................................................................ 6

4.1.1. Protected trees .............................................................................................................. 6

4.2. National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004) ........... 6

4.3. Conservation of Agricultural Resources (Act No. 43 of 1983) as amended in 2001 . 6

4.3.1. Permit / Licence requirements ..................................................................................... 6

5. CONCLUSIONS 7

APPENDICES: APPENDIX 1: GENERAL SITE MAPPING:

Appendix 1A: Locality Map of Site 1 & M 41 Interchange Appendix 1B: Conceptual Retail Park Layout Plan & Extent Appendix 1C Extent of the M 41 Interchange proposal

APPENDIX 2: Appendix 2A: Vegetation Assessment of the proposed Retail Nodes within the proposed

Greater Cornubia Framework Appendix 2B: M 41 Interchange Report.

TONGAAT HULETT DEVELOPMENTS (PTY) LTD Prepared by SiVEST Environmental Cornubia Retail Park & M 41 Interchange Vegetation Assessment Summary Document Rev #: 1 November 2012 Page 1 of 7


DRAFT SUMMARY DOCUMENT

1. INTRODUCTION SiVEST Environmental Division was duly appointed by Tongaat Hulett Developments (Pty) (Ltd) (THD) to undertake an assessment of the vegetation occurring within an area of the Greater Cornubia Development. This area includes the 2 site alternatives for the Retail Park Development and the area to be affected by the proposed M 41 (Flanders Drive) Interchange upgrade. Having undertaken an assessment of this area of the Cornubia Development to be developed (hereafter referred to as Site 1) together with the area to be affected by the upgrade of the M41/Flanders Interchange it was found that, given that this development is part and parcel of the Cornubia Development Framework plan and the associated proposals and plans from an open space and vegetation perspective, the likely impacts are insignificant. The findings related to Site 1 and the areas affected by the proposed interchange upgrade are provided in this report.

2. BACKGROUND AND TERMS OF REFERENCE SiVEST Environmental Division was appointed in 2009 to undertake an overall assessment of the proposed Greater Cornubia Development Zone. This was duly undertaken and an Environmental Authorisation was granted for Phase 1 of the Greater Development Zone plan in 2011. Existing indigenous vegetation communities and areas of sensitivity were identified and the potential and merits for their incorporation into an Open Space System were considered. Given the position of Site 1 in relation to the remainder of the site, and the lack of potential Open Space Linkages that were available for utilisation, it was proposed that this portion of the site would not add significantly to the conservation goals of the Municipality and Province and would not add significant value to the overall Open Space System proposed for the Cornubia Development. Therefore this site was identified as an area which had potential to receive development. Following the identification of this site as a site that could receive development at a preliminary level, a detailed site specific vegetation assessment was undertaken. A report providing information pertaining to the site and the vegetation contained therein, and its value has been included at Appendix 2A. In terms of the interchange vegetation assessment that was undertaken, the study concluded that the vegetation communities assessed were of limited ecological value. Further, the area is relatively isolated from any other Open Space Areas and is dominated by alien invasive species. A report providing further detail is included at Appendix 2B. The Terms of Reference for the following study are as follows:

• Develop mitigation measures that will ensure that any species of conservation significance or which are afforded protection that may be lost as a result of the proposed development, will not be lost from the site in its entirety;

• Provide an overarching summary report of the findings of the studies with mitigation measures if and where required, and;

• The way forward regarding the legal requirements based on the findings of the vegetation assessments.


3. VEGETATION ASSESSMENT OF SITE 1 AND INTERCHANGE AREA 3.1. Site 1

3.1.1. Historic usage of site The majority of this area (see Map attached as Appendix 1) has been significantly transformed. Historically, it appears that there was some limited indigenous woody vegetation that occurred within the boundary of the woody area. The area in question is the easterly most finger of woody vegetation, which runs parallel to the road that services the Mount Edgecombe Stables. The remainder of the area appears to have been an old Homestead (rubble and building platforms were located within the woody area). The vegetation occurring within this woody area is dominated by tree species which are traditionally associated with the original homesteads developed on sugar cane estates i.e. ornamental alien species.

3.1.2. Vegetation The vegetation recorded and the nature of the alien species identified adds further weight to the assumption that this area was originally a Homestead. The following species were commonly encountered within this area; Phytolacca dioica (Pokeberry Tree) (Plate 19), Bougainvillea sp. Macfadyena unguis-cati (Cat’s Claw Creeper), Plumeria sp. (Frangipani) and Jacaranda mimosifolia (Jacaranda). The other alien species which were extremely prevalent were; Chromolaena odorata, Senna sp. Lantana camara, Rubus cuneifolius, Rivina humilis, Litsea glutinosa (Plate 16, 17 & 18) and Ipomoea purpurea (Plate 15). In terms of indigenous plant species occurring within this area, most of the species have arrived as a result of their fruit being extremely attractive to monkeys, bird and bat species. The most commonly occurring species were; Ficus burkei, Ficus natalensis (Plate 5), Sideroxylon inerme (Plate 1 & 2), Maytenus undata (Plate 6), Gymnosporia grandifolia, Turraea floribunda, Clausena anisata, Schotia brachypetala, Ekebergia capensis, Dovyalis rhamnoides (Plate 3) and Capparis fascicularis var. zeyheri. S. inerme is a Nationally Protected tree species National Forests Act (Act No. 84 of 1998). In addition to tree species having arrived via seed dispersal there are several large Ficus burkei individuals which have been planted along existing roadways. These trees were planted along time ago based on their size. It must be noted that given their position within the landscape they have been impacted upon by various disturbances. The three most significant being: the exposure of these trees to regular sugarcane fires, which have damaged the trunks of these trees quite significantly; the stripping of bark for medicinal use; and the continual movement of vehicles past these trees which have had branches removed or damaged.

3.1.3. Proposed land use In order for the site to be able to accept the scale of Retail Development proposed, the entire site will require leveling to form a single platform. The result of this will be that all the current vegetation will require removal, with no opportunities available to avoid the loss of the individual indigenous tree species.

3.1.4. Motivation and Mitigation for species loss From a floral biodiversity conservation perspective, the vegetation community which is established on the site is of low to very low value. The reasons being:

• This area cannot be classified as an indigenous forest, as the majority of the indigenous species are relatively small and shrubby in nature, with the exception of the planted indigenous individuals. The structure of the woody area is not stratified as in pristine coastal forest, with herbaceous species be almost entirely excluded by shrubby alien species;


• The under-storey for the majority of the woody area is sterile, most notably in areas dominated by L. glutinosa;

• Many of the individual indigenous species have fruit which is palatable to vectors such as birds and bats, and have therefore been re-introduced, through this process, however, recruitment has been low and is restricted to areas on the periphery of the alien dominated stands;

• Alien plant species dominated community structure; • Site 1 is a reservoir for the on-going supply and distribution of alien seed and propagules within

the site and beyond its boundaries; • It was noted during the field survey that White eared Barbets were foraging in the L. glutinosa

even though the S. inerme was in fruit and a number of the Ficus sp. were presenting figs, which provides evidence that these bird species are playing an important role in the dispersal of seed into areas surrounding the current Site 1. The dispersal of the undesirable seed is thus contributing to the degradation and lowering of biodiversity and EG&S delivery of surrounding areas through alien invasive plant encroachments;

• No ecological integrity and very limited delivery of Ecological Goods and Services are currently afforded by this site;

• No linkages or landscape connectivity exists with any other significant indigenous forest patches therefore the sustainability of this zone is questionable, should the rehabilitation of said area be enforced;

• Indigenous trees which are persisting are being damaged by fire, bark stripping and vehicular damage;

• L. glutinosa releases allello-pathic chemicals into the soil which retards and prevents recruitment of indigenous (competitor) species.

• As this site is dominated by L. glutinosa, the ongoing management, control and the costs in man power and in terms of re-establishing the vegetation community cannot be justified when considering;

o The development potential; o Potential loss of surrounding small indigenous forest fragments, resulting from L.

glutinosa seed dispersal, and; o The opportunity cost should the development not occur.

3.1.5. Recommendations going forward Based on the field survey we can make a number of recommendations regarding the vegetation which falls within Site 1. The following recommendations are thus proposed:

Should the proposed development be authorised, a qualified botanist must undertake a plant relocation plan for the numerous Scadoxus puniceus individuals still persisting in the under storey prior to construction commencing. These individuals should be uplifted and planted in the wetland and associated buffer located on the eastern boundary of the proposed Cornubia Retail Development Park. There are a number of existing S. puniceus individuals already growing within this area and location and therefore it is a suitable position to relocate the uplifted individuals to.

The utilisation of similar indigenous woody vegetation grown in a nursery environment within the proposed new development footprint. This will, will replace the loss of the vegetation that was removed as a result of platform creation;

The remaining Open Space Areas on Phase 1 of the Cornubia Development have already been subjected to a rehabilitation plan, which will be a template for further developments and a condition of the Environmental Authorization;

The large indigenous tree species, which given the current development plan are not be able to be incorporated into the layout should be removed, however, we would recommend that seed be collected from all of the species and utilised as a seed source for the rehabilitation of other areas on the site, which have been identified as rehabilitation areas, and;

In terms of S. inerme a permit / licence will be required from the Department of Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) as this species will require cutting down.


3.2. Interchange Area

3.2.1. Vegetation: Following an inspection of the identified areas, the following may be reported on in terms of the vegetation that was identified on site. The majority of the plant species that were identified on site are alien plant species, some of which are invasive, others of which are simply introduced species which do not pose any threat in terms of invasion or encroachment. The most common species which were identified on site were as follows: Litsea glutinosa, Eucalyptus grandis, Nerium oleander (double flowered cultivar), Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Solanum mauritianum, Montanoa hibiscifolia and Albizia lebbeck. Two distinct vegetation types were identified onsite.

3.2.1.1. Secondary Disturbed Grassland The secondary grassland occurs on a small portion of the southerly study area identified on the map attached, and on the northerly portion (north of M 41) of the study site. The southerly portion of grassland is extremely moribund, with the graminoid portion of the grassland being significantly reduced as a result of the spread of Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and Solanum mauritianum. A further factor which is impacting on this portion of secondary grassland decreasing in size is the presence of extremely tall woody vegetation which forms a corridor between the grass dominated portion of the site and the Mount Edgecombe Golf Course Fence Line. In terms of the grassland area, it has been highly impacted upon as a result of the establishment of the road and overpass. Based on onsite observations, it is our prediction that this area was seeded historically with the standard NPA Grass mix, with species such as Digitaria eriantha, Chloris gayana and Cynodon dactylon being the most common. An Acacia sieberiana has established itself on the bridge abutment, and we would suggest that this species was also planted, as A. sieberiana is not commonly occurring in such close proximity to the coast. On the northerly side of the M 41 the dominant tree species within the grasslands are Albizia lebbeck, Spathodea campanulata and Leucaena leucocephala. All of these species are alien invasive species and therefore the removal of said species will be beneficial in controlling alien invasive species in the direct vicinity.

3.2.1.2. Woody Vegetation The majority of the woody vegetation on site is alien invasive vegetation, with Litsea glutinosa being the most common. Given the massive seed setting ability of the species, the majority of the under-storey of the woody area is dominated by this species. There are a limited number of indigenous woody species which have established themselves within the artificial drainage canal that was created as a result of the road construction. The following indigenous plant species were identified; Kraussii floribunda, Dalbergia obovata, Dalbergia armata, Acokanthera oppositifolia, Dovyalis rhamnoides, Gymnosporia buxifolia, Protorhus longifolia and Trichilia emetica. All of these species are not associated with well established forest, even though they may persist within Old Forest fragments. It is our opinion that these species have established themselves by chance, given that their seeds are commonly vectored into new areas by birds and bats, through the ingestion of their palatable fruit. In addition to the woody vegetation which separates the interchange from the Mount Edgecombe Golf Course and residential Estate, there is a planted row of trees, which have an under-storey of established weedy species, invasive indigenous species and alien invasive species. This row of trees is a single species dominated row, with the species being Samanea saman. These trees have been growing for a relatively long period. This assumption is made based purely on their size. At the end of


the planted row, closest to the interchange another alien species, namely Tabebuia pallida has also established itself and grown into a large tree. On the easterly side of the interchange the vegetation is dominated by Nerium oleander. This species is normally considered an alien invasive species. However, the individuals growing on this portion of the assessment area are double cultivar varieties and are thus not invasive as they are sterile cultivars. These species, being introduced ornamental species, play no significant role in any ecological processes and therefore the loss of these species will not be significant.

3.2.2. Proposed land use The proposal will see the change from a currently degraded road verge to an additional lane in each direction as well as some alterations to the current bridge structure in order to allow free flow of traffic and prevent congestion at this interchange. The upgrading of the interchange and additional lane are required for the Cornubia Development, and not solely for the Retail Park proposed earlier in this document.

3.2.3. Motivation and Mitigation for loss of plant species Given the current state of the vegetation which occurs on this site, the conservation value of the site is extremely low. The following reasons are provided to substantiate this finding:

• The majority of the vegetation is a combination of alien invasive species and for the most part indigenous pioneer species;

• The grassland areas are all secondary, based on the graminoid assemblage identified; • On the southerly side of the M 41 the secondary grassland area is being encroached upon by

woody alien invasive species, namely, L. camara, L. glutinosa, S. mauritianum, P. guajava and M. azedarach;

• Woody vegetation predominantly comprising, L. leucocephala and to a lesser extent A. lebbeck is encroaching into the Open secondary grassland areas to the north of the M 41.

• The woody vegetation flanking the bridge area and extending along Flanders Road on the east and along the M 41 on the west is almost completely alien species dominated, with very few vestigial indigenous species.

3.2.4. Recommendations going forward Based on the field survey undertaken we can make the following recommendations regarding the vegetation that will be lost as a result of the proposed interchange upgrade:

• The individual S. puniceus which is protected under provincial legislation should be uplifted and replanted in an area where development will not take place. The area that would be suitable to receive this individual is the drainage line and associated buffer located to the east and adjacent Site 1

• If possible, in order to alleviate any issues of traffic interfering with the Golf Course, we would recommend that sufficient space exists, that a barrier / screen of indigenous tree species is planted in order to separate the two land uses, and;

• This barrier may act as a movement zone for faunal species, but given the available area it is unlikely that this will have any significant ecological benefits.


4. LEGISLATION 4.1. National Forests Act (Act No. 84 of 1998)

4.1.1. Protected trees According to this act, the Minister may declare a tree, group of trees, woodland or a species of trees as protected. The prohibitions provide that; ‘no person may cut, damage, disturb, destroy or remove any protected tree, or collect, remove, transport, export, purchase, sell, donate or in any other manner acquire or dispose of any protected tree, except under a licence granted by the Minister’. In essence the NFA prohibits the destruction of indigenous trees in any natural forest without a licence. 4.2. National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004) In terms of the Biodiversity Act, the developer has a responsibility for:

The conservation of endangered ecosystems and restriction of activities according to the categorisation of the area (not just by listed activity as specified in the EIA regulations).

Promote the application of appropriate environmental management tools in order to ensure integrated environmental management of activities thereby ensuring that all development within the area are in line with ecological sustainable development and protection of biodiversity.

Limit further loss of biodiversity and conserve endangered ecosystems. 4.3. Conservation of Agricultural Resources (Act No. 43 of 1983) as amended in 2001 Declared Weeds and Invaders in South Africa are categorised according to one of the following categories:

Category 1 plants: are prohibited and must be controlled. Category 2 plants: (commercially used plants) may be grown in demarcated areas providing

that there is a permit and that steps are taken to prevent their spread. Category 3 plants: (ornamentally used plants) may no longer be planted; existing plants may

remain, as long as all reasonable steps are taken to prevent the spreading thereof, except within the flood line of watercourses and wetlands.

4.3.1. Permit / Licence requirements In terms of the National Forests Act, 1998 (Act No. 84 of 1998) and Government Notice 1339 of 6 August 1976 (promulgated under the Forest Act, 1984 (Act No. 122 of 1984) for protected tree species), the removal, relocation or pruning of any protected plants will require a license. In the case of the current assessment a DAFF licence will be required for the removal of the Sideroxylum inerme currently growing within Site 1. Protected indigenous plants in general are controlled under the relevant provincial Ordinances or Acts dealing with nature conservation. In KZN the relevant statute is the 1974 Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance. In terms of this Ordinance, a permit must be obtained from Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife to remove or destroy any plants listed in the Ordinance. A permit will be required to remove / relocate the Scadoxus puniceus individuals growing within Site 1 and at the proposed interchange upgrade.


5. CONCLUSIONS In terms of both Site 1 (Proposed Retail Park) and the proposed M 41 Interchange upgrade, there are currently no significant vegetation or ecological impediments that should prevent the proposed developments from being given Environmental Authorisation. Notwithstanding these conclusions, a licence from DAFF will be required for the removal of the S. inerme and a permit will be required from Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife for the relocation of the S. puniceus individuals occurring within the two sites, and the collection of the S. inerme seed from Site 1, propagation and replanting of these individuals within the drainage line and associated buffer to the east of Site 1.

6. REFERENCES 1. Bromilow, C., (2001). Problem plants of South Africa: a guide to the identification and control of

more than 300 invasive plants and other weeds. Briza Publications, Arcadia, South Africa.

2. Burrows, J.E., (1990). South African Fern and Fern Allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton, Johannesburg.

3. Coates Palgrave, K., (2002). Trees of Southern Africa. (3rd Edition). Struik Publishers, Cape

Town, South Africa

4. Henderson, L., (2001). The complete guide to declared weeds and alien plant invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook. Agricultural Research Council.

5. Kinvig, R.G., (2011). Vegetation Assessment for the Cornubia Mixed Use Development & Phase 1 specifically Rev. 7

6. Kinvig, R.G., (2011). Final Cornubia Retail Vegetation Assessment 19 September 2011 Rev 2 RK 7. Kinvig, R.G., (2012). Final M 41 Interchange Report 5 April 2012 Rev 2 RK 8. Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C., (editors) (2006). The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and

Swaziland.Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. 9. Pooley, E., (1998). A field guide to wildflowers of KwaZulu-Natal and the eastern region. (1st

Edition). Natal Flora Publications Trust. Durban, South Africa. 10. Pooley, E., (1997). A complete field guide to trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei. (3rd

Impression) Natal Flora Publications Trust. Durban, South Africa. 11. Scott-Shaw, R., (1999). Rare and threatened plants of KZN and neighbouring regions – a plant red

data book. Pietermaritzburg Biodiversity Division, Pietermaritzburg. 12. Styles, D., (2012). Personal Communication

APPENDIX 1:

MAPPING AND LAYOUTS OF PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE M41 AND CORNUBIA RETAIL

PARK

All Parcels

APPENDIX 2A:

VEGETATION ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED RETAIL NODES WITHIN THE PROPOSED GREATER CORNUBIA

FRAMEWORK

Ficus polita fruit

Vegetation Assessment of the proposed Retail Nodes within the proposed Greater Cornubia Framework

DRAFT ADDENDUM REPORT

Project #: 10991 Issue Date: September 2011 Revision #: 2

TONGAAT HULETT DEVELOPMENTS SiVEST Environmental Division Draft Cornubia Retail Park Vegetation Assessment Rev # 2 19th September 2011 Page | 1

VEGETATION ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED RETAIL NODES WITHIN THE PROPOSED GREATER CORNUBIA

FRAMEWORK DRAFT ADDENDUM REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE # 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE .............................................................................................................. 1 3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................................... 1 4. AREA 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 1

4.1. Historic usage of site ............................................................................................................... 1 4.2. Vegetation ............................................................................................................................... 1 4.3. Recommendations going forward ........................................................................................... 2

5. AREA 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 2

5.1. Historic usage .......................................................................................................................... 2 5.2. Vegetation ............................................................................................................................... 3 5.3. Recommendations going forward ........................................................................................... 3

6. AREA 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 3

6.1. Historic usage .......................................................................................................................... 3 6.2. Vegetation ............................................................................................................................... 3 6.3. Recommendations going forward ........................................................................................... 4

7. PROPOSED LOSSES AS RELATED TO CORNUBIA FRAMEWORK PLAN ............................. 4 8. PROPOSED OFFSET FOR LOSS OF OPEN SPACE IN AREA 1 ............................................... 4 9. PLANTING REGIME FOR NEW OFFSET AREAS ........................................................................ 5

9.1. Forest Area .............................................................................................................................. 5 9.2. Wetland Area ........................................................................................................................... 5 9.3. Grassland Area ....................................................................................................................... 6

10. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 6 11. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 7 APPENDICES: APPENDIX 1: MAP ILLUSTRATING THE AREAS ASSESSED FOR CORNUBIA RETAIL NODES APPENDIX 2: MAP OF AREA 1 APPENDIX 3: MAP OF AREA 2 APPENDIX 4: MAP OF AREA 3 APPENDIX 5: PROPOSED OPEN SPACE LOSSES APPENDIX 6: PROPOSED OPEN SPACE GAINS APPENDIX 7: AREA 2: PROPOSED PLANTING BY COMMUNITY APPENDIX 8: PLATES SHOWING VARIOUS PLANT SPECIES AND POINTS OF INTEREST APPENDIX 9: A THROUGH D PLANTING PALETTES FOR EACH COMMUNITY TO UNDERGO

REHABILITATION

TONGAAT HULETT DEVELOPMENTS SiVEST Environmental Division Draft Cornubia Retail Park Vegetation Assessment Rev # 2 19th September 2011 Page | 2

SPECIALIST REPORT DETAILS

This report has been prepared as per the requirements of Section 32 of GNR 543 - Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations and the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998)

Report prepared by: ……Dr. Richard Kinvig…Pr.Sci.Nat.………………..

Expertise / Field of Study: … Biological Science ……………..

I, …Richard Grant Kinvig……. declare that this report has been prepared independently of any influence or prejudice as may be specified by the Department of Agriculture, Environmental Affairs and Rural Development.

Signed: Date: September 2011

Date: September 2011

Document Title: Vegetation Assessment of the proposed Retail Nodes within the proposed Greater Cornubia Framework

Author: R.G. Kinvig

Revision Number: 1

Checked by: Mr. Greg Mullins

Approved: Mr. Greg Mullins

Signature:

For: Tongaat Hulett Developments

COPYRIGHT IS VESTED IN SiVEST IN TERMS OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT (ACT 98 OF 1978) AND NO USE OR REPRODUCTION OR DUPLICATION THEREOF MAY OCCUR WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE AUTHOR

TONGAAT HULETT DEVELOPMENTS SiVEST Environmental Division Draft Cornubia Retail Park Vegetation Assessment Rev # 2 19th September 2011 Page 1 of 7

1. INTRODUCTION SiVEST Environmental Division was appointed to undertake an assessment of three portions of woody vegetation which occur within the Greater Cornubia Framework Planned Development Zone. The three portions of vegetation were duly assessed by the Author on the 25th of August 2011.

2. TERMS OF REFERENCE The terms of reference for this project are included below for your ease of reference:

Provide GPS co-ordinates for all large Indigenous Trees falling within the three zones; Assess the status of the woody vegetation, and; Provide an ecological assessment of the status quo of these areas

3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The areas identified by Tongaat Hulett Developments for assessment have all been exposed to varying degrees of disturbance and differing management and land uses over the last century. Please refer to the Map attached at Appendix 1, which identifies the three areas on which the focussed assessments were done. The three sites, due to their geographic separation on the development site have been named as Area 1, 2 & 3 for ease of reference and each area is described in seriatim.

4. AREA 1 4.1. Historic usage of site The majority of this area (see attached Map at Appendix 2) has been significantly transformed. It appears as if historically there was some limited indigenous woody vegetation that occurred within the boundary of the woody area. The area in question is the easterly most finger of woody vegetation, which runs parallel to the road that services the Mount Edgecombe Stables. The remainder of the area appears to have been an old Homestead (rubble and building platforms located within the woody area). The vegetation occurring within this woody area is dominated by species of tree which are traditionally associated with the original homesteads developed on sugar cane estates i.e. ornamental alien species. 4.2. Vegetation The vegetation recorded and the nature of the alien species identified adds further weight to the assumption that this area was originally a Homestead. The following species were commonly encountered within this area; Phytolacca dioica (Pokeberry Tree) (Plate 19), Bougainvillea sp. Macfadyena unguis-cati (Cat’s Claw Creeper), Plumeria sp. (Frangipani) and Jacaranda mimosifolia (Jacaranda). The other alien species which were extremely prevalent were; Chromolaena odorata, Senna sp. Lantana camara, Rubus cuneifolius, Rivina humilis, Litsea glutinosa (Plate 16, 17 & 18) and Ipomoea purpurea (Plate 15). In terms of indigenous plant species occurring within this area, most of the species have arrived as a result of their fruit being extremely attractive to monkeys, bird and bat species. The most commonly occurring species were; Ficus burkei, Ficus natalensis (Plate 5), Sideroxylon inerme (Plate 1 & 2), Maytenus undata (Plate 6), Gymnosporia grandifolia, Turraea floribunda, Clausena anisata, Schotia brachypetala, Ekebergia capensis, Dovyalis rhamnoides (Plate 3) and Capparis fascicularis var. zeyheri. S. inerme is a Nationally Protected tree species National Forests Act (Act No. 84 of 1998). Protected trees According to this Act, the Minister may declare a tree, group of trees, woodland or a species of trees as protected. The prohibitions provide that;


‘no person may cut, damage, disturb, destroy or remove any protected tree, or collect, remove, transport, export, purchase, sell, donate or in any other manner acquire or dispose of any protected tree, except under a licence granted by the Minister’. In essence the NFA prohibits the destruction of indigenous trees in any natural forest without a licence. A number of the indigenous trees identified are large specimens, which provide an ecological resource base, particularly for the provision of fruit, roosting and nesting opportunities. 4.3. Recommendations going forward Based on the field survey we can make a number of observations and recommendations regarding the vegetation which falls within Area 1. Firstly, the majority of the vegetation is alien vegetation, with the most prevalent woody species being Litsea glutinosa, which comprises the majority of the under-storey. This is most evident where tall trees form a closed canopy providing the ideal micro-climate for the establishment of L. glutinosa. In areas where the canopy is more open, C. odorata and M. unguis-cati dominate (Plate 12 & 14). The latter has grown into numerous trees, strangled them, and resulted in the trees dying, causing a potential safety risk. The following observations and recommendations are thus proposed;

This area cannot be classified as an indigenous forest; The retention, where possible, of all large indigenous trees, namely, Ficus burkei, Ficus

natalensis, Sideroxylon inerme and the Celtis africana within the development footprint; Prior to construction commencing should proposed development be duly authorised, a

qualified botanist must undertake a plant relocation plan for the numerous Scadoxus puniceus individuals still persisting in the under storey. These individuals will be uplifted and planted in Area 2 where existing S. puniceus individuals are occurring.

The remainder of the vegetation is of extremely low significance from an ecological perspective;

Once all the alien vegetation is removed, there will be very limited indigenous vegetation which remains;

This area is currently acting as a source population for the spread of alien vegetation into the surrounding areas, most notably L. glutinosa, which produces fruit that is very attractive to numerous bird species;

It was noted during the field survey that White eared Barbets were foraging in the L. glutinosa even though the S. inerme was in fruit and a number of the Ficus sp. were presenting figs;

This observation is concerning, as this means that this species is being extremely widely broadcasted and thus established in areas around the Cornubia Development Zone;

This portion of land is isolated from surrounding areas, and therefore the sustainability of this zone is questionable, should the rehabilitation of said area be enforced;

Should the indigenous tree species not be able to be incorporated into the proposed development layout, we would recommend that seed be collected from all of the above mentioned species and utilised as a seed source for the rehabilitation of other areas on the site, which have been identified as rehabilitation areas, and;

In terms of S. inerme a permit / licence will be required from the Department of Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) should these species need to be cut down.

5. AREA 2 5.1. Historic usage This portion of the site (see attached Map at Appendix 3) has never undergone any transformation. The indigenous vegetation that remains is extremely old and well established. The land on which this vegetation occurs is very steep and would not have been an ideal area for the establishment of sugar cane, hence its preservation.


5.2. Vegetation The majority of this Area is dominated by large individual trees, belonging to the following species; Ficus polita (Plate 7, 8 & 9), Ficus natalensis, Bridelia micrantha, Albizia adianthifolia (Plate 10 & 11) and one very large Brachylaena discolor. Numerous smaller or recruited individuals of these species are currently growing in the under-storey. The large trees and there relative abundance has created an enclosed canopy, and is therefore classified as natural forest. The under-storey of this forest is dominated by Litsea glutinosa saplings, with approximately 10 larger individuals growing within the boundary of the forest patch. In terms of indigenous vegetation within the under-storey, there were limited indigenous species, the species were, Dracaena aletriformis (Plate 4), Drimia maculata (Plate 13), Scadoxus puniceus, Dietes iridioides, Isoglossa sp. and another species of Acanthaceae, which could not be identified due to the absence of any flowers or fruit. On the periphery of this forest patch, indigenous pioneers such as Setaria megaphylla and alien species such as Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata dominated. 5.3. Recommendations going forward As a result of the field survey the following observations and recommendations can be made. In terms of the terrain, it is extremely steep and there is significant erosion occurring within the forest patch. We would assume that this is resulting from the surrounding land use transformation, and the very limited indigenous under-storey that exists within the forest patch. In terms of the vegetation, the presence of an extremely large Ficus polita, a species which is relatively rare in Durban, and KZN generally, requires that this species should be retained. The other large species, namely Albizia adianthifolia, Ficus natalensis and Bridelia micrantha will provide the ideal opportunity for the establishment of an indigenous under-storey and the resultant creation of a dense woodland / forest, which should be incorporated into the development layout, and will be able to link to the proposed Open Spaces that will run under the power lines that egress the current Substation. In terms of the way forward we would propose the following;

Removal of all alien vegetation; Undertake regular alien clearing to ensure the eradication of the alien species from this

wooded patch; Establishment of an indigenous under-storey comprising herbs and shade loving graminoids

such as Oplismenus hirtellus; Utilise the herbaceous species currently growing in the under-storey, namely the three

provincially protected species; Scadoxus puniceus, Drimia maculata, Dracaena aletriformis and Dietes iridioides, and;

Construct some gabion structures or similar structures to arrest the erosion that is currently occurring within this wooded patch.

6. AREA 3 6.1. Historic usage This area historically has always been the site of a Homestead (see attached Map at Appendix 4). The status quo remains, with the house currently being lived in by the Farm Manager - Mr. Grant. 6.2. Vegetation The majority of the vegetation recorded in this area are ornamental alien species. The most commonly occurring alien species are; Delonix regia, Ficus sp. and Casuarina equisetifolia. The most commonly occurring indigenous species were Ficus natalensis, Trichilia emetica and Albizia adianthifolia. The remainder of the area is manicured garden and planted with numerous herbaceous ornamentals.


6.3. Recommendations going forward The vegetation in this particular area is of limited significance. The loss of this vegetation will not have any impact on the ecology or functioning of the environment and its surrounds. We would support that this area can be sacrificed to development with the following caveats;

Within the proposed development framework trees must be planted as part of the street scape;

The selection of tree species for the street scape should be based on the proposed Planting Palette that was developed for Cornubia Phase 1;

7. PROPOSED LOSSES AS RELATED TO CORNUBIA FRAMEWORK PLAN In terms of the proposed Framework Plan for Cornubia (Framework Revision 8 dated December 20101) the area identified as Area 1 is already proposed to be developed, with a small corridor being left undeveloped. This undeveloped corridor (Open Space) was created to potentially perform the role of an ecological linkage between two areas of Open Space. However, in the proposed Conceptual Cornubia Retail Park layout received from Tongaat Hulett Developments and attached as Appendix 5, this narrow corridor linkage has been excluded. In light of this exclusion the following reasons can be provided as to the significance of this exclusion and motivation as to the impacts of its potential exclusion. Firstly, the two areas that are linked by this particular corridor are a wetland area, which is to be rehabilitated during the implementation of the Greater Cornubia Development Framework, and an area of land currently under the ownership of SASSA. The SASSA Open Space is currently under agriculture and will remain as such as this area is utilised to run experimental trials on cane varieties, pesticide treatments, etc. The loss of the proposed linkage will have no impact; as the two areas that are proposed to be joined are not contiguous in terms of habitat type, vegetation assemblage and land use. The habitat in terms of the SASSA Open Space is a relatively sterile habitat due to the ongoing trials and commercial agriculture being pursued. The proposed corridor would have crossed a natural watershed, precluding connectivity in terms of a water continuum, which will have an impact on movement and supplementation of floral plant species between the two areas. Given that the proposed corridor was narrow, the proposed density of buildings, associated infrastructure and the nature of the proposed development typology, it is unlikely that this corridor would be utilised by any species of conservation significance. In terms of the corridor there are no direct links to the Open Spaces, as the entire Retail Park area has a large number of major arterial roads linking into it, i.e. it is the hub with the arterial roads being the spokes of the wheel. The proposed narrow Open Space corridor is therefore not going to perform any significant ecological function and its inclusion on land that is able to accept development is a “nice to have” but will not provide any conservation or biodiversity benefits. Bearing this in mind we would therefore suggest that the efforts of rehabilitation and conservation be directed at areas where the potential for said efforts will return greater Ecological Goods and Services per unit effort.

8. PROPOSED OFFSET FOR LOSS OF OPEN SPACE IN AREA 1 In terms of the Open Space lost in Area 1 it is proposed that Area 2 is retained to offset the proposed loss. Area 2 had initially been identified for development. Having undertaken a more detailed survey and assessment of Area 2 it was recommended and accepted by the client that this Area had significantly higher ecological value and retained numerous large and well established trees, which would support rehabilitation efforts.

1 Vegetation Assessment for the Cornubia Mixed Use Development & Phase 1 specifically (Rev. 7) Kinvig, 2011


Further to the retention of the current indigenous forest patch it has been proposed by the client and strongly supported by the author that the area directly adjacent to the forest area be rehabilitated to create a larger open space that will sustain itself as well as provide a valuable reservoir for woody and herbaceous species (Appendix 6). Below in Table 1 is a comparative analysis of the proposed losses versus the proposed gains in terms of the Open Space Areas within the Cornubia Framework Plan. Table 1. Comparison between the loss of the proposed Open Space Area within Area 1 and the gains in Open Space in Area 2.

Area in Hectares AREA AREA 1 AREA 2

Lost 2.038 2.038 Gain 2.835 2.835Overall Gain 0.797

In terms of the overall Open Space there is a 0.8 hectare gain. Further in terms of the Open Space and the ecological value that is associated with the value obtained from doing the Perimeter to Area Ratio, the proposed Offset: Area 2 has a significantly better ratio return. The area that will be lost in Area 1 returns a value of 7.6%. Area 2 returns a value of 3.2%2 which is approximately 2.5 times higher. This ratio is significant in terms of the success of the sustainability of an Open Space area and will potentially reduce the requirement for management over the long term, once the baseline vegetation and habitat has been established.

9. PLANTING REGIME FOR NEW OFFSET AREAS Due to the position and the nature of the proposed Open Space Areas, associated with Area 2, we would propose the following strategy in terms of rehabilitating the area. The reasons for selecting the proposed communities are as follows:

The proposed Open Space Areas are relatively exposed; The retained indigenous woody vegetation is well protected from the prevailing climate; The soils associated with part of the proposed Open Space are moist and potentially are

wetland soils; albeit temporary or seasonal, and; Servitudes for power lines are adjoining the proposed rehabilitation area and these will

comprise grassland communities.

9.1. Forest Area

Given the presence of large woody species, we would propose that the vegetation of this particular area, would best be categorised as Coastal Forest. Bearing this in mind, we would propose that the following species tall tree species be planted to increase the area of the Forest. The tree species to be planted are included at Appendix 9a. The under-storey planting will only be able to commence in the newly established areas once the canopy has had sufficient time to establish shade and provide the correct micro-climate. The under-storey plantings are included at Appendix 9b. 9.2. Wetland Area

The wetland area and associated buffers, hygrophilous grassland areas should be replanted with the species include in Appendix 9d. The wetland areas are currently planted to sugarcane and will therefore require complete rehabilitation, through the sugar cane removal and subsequent planting of species specific to wetland areas in and around Durban.

2 The closer the value is to zero the more interiorness is exhibited, which results in a significant improvement in the

success of a conservation area. A circle for any given area would return the best Perimeter to Area ratio, i.e. very close to Zero.


9.3. Grassland Area

The grassland area, as with the wetlands is also under sugar cane which will require removal and thereafter soil preparation and replanting. It is our recommendation that these grassland areas are hydro seeded, with the correct mix of grass species. Once these areas have been established we would propose the re-introduction of herbaceous species and geophytes, to improve the conversation and biodiversity value of these Open Spaces.

10. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS In terms of Area 1, the indigenous tree species are all relatively large individuals that would provide limited ecological value as singletons, if they were not part of a larger forest patch. Their current positioning within an alien dominated woody environment increases their value, due to the fact that there is additional woody habitat, creating habitat heterogeneity albeit alien dominated. From a vegetation perspective, the abundance of alien vegetation is a negative attribute. From a faunal perspective it may provide additional habitat and foraging areas. However, the negative drawback is that the alien species are being vectored out of this area into other areas, thus proliferating the spread of alien invasive plant species. The most significant concern is the spread of L. glutinosa which is an extremely rampant coloniser. Further we are also of the opinion that this species exudes allelo-chemicals which prevent other plant species from growing, and hence a homogenous stand of this species grows in the under-storey, eroding the plant species diversity further. In terms of Area 1 we do not deem this area to have a significant ecological value, when assessing it from a holistic perspective, and the loss of this area, will have positive benefits in as much as the source population for a large number of aliens will be eradicated. The loss of the large indigenous species is a concern, however, if these individuals cannot be accommodated in the proposed layout then, the mitigation will be the planting of a minimum of three (3) individuals for every one (1) removed, within the Open Space Development Framework proposed. Further the presence of S. inerme will require that a licence from DAFF be obtained should the developers wish to remove this individual. In terms of Area 2 this area be will be enlarged to link to other Open Space areas and be rehabilitated. Further this Open Space will link to the power line servitude providing a linkage to other woody and forest areas on the site. The reason for precluding development is that this area has some extremely large individual trees that can provide a platform for the establishment of small forest fragment, with an associated buffer area, which will connect to a wetland. This provides a significant habitat gradient and the result of the plant species heterogeneity will deliver increased biodiversity and species richness. The proposed additional Open Space Area around Area 2 will significantly increase the value of this portion of land and will offset the loss of the proposed Open Space in Area 1. The Open Space proposed in Area 1 is not providing any significant Ecological Goods and Services, or corridors. The additional land around Area 2 which is to be retained will be rehabilitated to mimic what would have occurred originally, providing a large habitat gradient through the development of three unique plant communities and their associated ecotones. It is therefore our opinion that in terms of the proposed loss of Area 1 and the significant increase in Area 2 will result in greater environmental and ecological benefits and therefore support the proposed loss of Open Space in Area 1. In terms of Area 3, there are no species of conservation significance, the loss of the few indigenous trees may be easily offset with the planting, and establishment of other areas identified for rehabilitation within the Greater Cornubia Open Space Network as proposed.


11. REFERENCES

1. Bromilow, C., (2001). Problem plants of South Africa: a guide to the identification and control of

more than 300 invasive plants and other weeds. Briza Publications, Arcadia, South Africa. 2. Burrows, J.E., (1990). South African Fern and Fern Allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton,

Johannesburg. 3. Coates Palgrave, K., (2002). Trees of Southern Africa. (3rd Edition). Struik Publishers, Cape

Town, South Africa 4. Henderson, L., (2001). The complete guide to declared weeds and alien plant invaders in South

Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook. Agricultural Research Council. 5. Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C., (editors) (2006). The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and

Swaziland.Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. 6. Pooley, E., (1998). A field guide to wildflowers of KwaZulu-Natal and the eastern region. (1st

Edition). Natal Flora Publications Trust. Durban, South Africa. 7. Pooley, E., (1997). A complete field guide to trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei. (3rd

Impression) Natal Flora Publications Trust. Durban, South Africa. 8. Scott-Shaw, R., (1999). Rare and threatened plants of KZN and neighbouring regions – a plant

red data book. Pietermaritzburg Biodiversity Division, Pietermaritzburg. 9. Styles, D., (2012). Personal Communication

APPENDIX 1:

MAP ILLUSTRATING THE AREAS ASSESSED FOR CORNUBIA RETAIL NODES

APPENDIX 2:

MAP OF AREA 1

APPENDIX 3:

MAP OF AREA 2

APPENDIX 4:

MAP OF AREA 3

APPENDIX 5:

PROPOSED OPEN SPACE LOSSES

All Parcels

APPENDIX 6:

PROPOSED OPEN SPACE GAINS

APPENDIX 7:

AREA 2: PROPOSED PLANTING BY COMMUNITY

APPENDIX 8:

PLATES SHOWING VARIOUS PLANT SPECIES AND

POINTS OF INTEREST

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1. Trunk of Sideroxylon inerme within wooded Area 1. ......................................................................................................... 2

Plate 2. Sideroxylon inerme bearing fruit within wooded Area 1. ................................................................................................... 2

Plate 3. Dovyalis rhamnoides growing next to S. inerme within wooded Area 1. ........................................................................... 3

Plate 4. Dracaena aletriformis within wooded Area 1. .................................................................................................................... 3

Plate 5. Ficus natalensis growing within wooded Area 1 ................................................................................................................ 4

Plate 6. Maytenus undata within wooded Area 1. .......................................................................................................................... 4

Plate 7. Ficus polita in fruit in wooded Area 2. ............................................................................................................................... 5

Plate 8. Ficus polita displaying the long leaf petioles and leaf shape in wooded Area 2. .............................................................. 5

Plate 9. Very large trunk of Ficus polita in wooded Area 2. ............................................................................................................ 6

Plate 10. Large trunk of an Albizia adianthifolia in wooded Area 2. ............................................................................................... 6

Plate 11. Large trunk of an Albizia adianthifolia in wooded Area 2. ............................................................................................... 7

Plate 12. Internal portions of Area 1 where the canopy is open, and is dominated by C. odorata, M. hibiscifolia, L. camara. ...... 7

Plate 13. Drimia maculata in the under-storey in wooded Area 2. ................................................................................................. 8

Plate 14. C. odorata, Cardiospermum grandiflorum dominating Area 1. ........................................................................................ 8

Plate 15. C. odorata, Solanum mauritianum & Ipomoea purpurea in wooded Area 1. ................................................................... 9

Plate 16. Litsea glutinosa growing in wooded Area 2, note erosion that is occurring. ................................................................... 9

Plate 17. Bark stripping of A. adianthifolia in wooded Area 2, note L. glutinosa growing all around. ........................................... 10

Plate 18. Erosion in wooded Area 2, exposing roots of Ficus natalensis and A. adianthifolia. .................................................... 10

Plate 19. Phytolacca dioica in fruit in wooded Area 1. .................................................................................................................. 11

Plate 1. Trunk of Sideroxylon inerme within wooded Area 1.

Plate 2. Sideroxylon inerme bearing fruit within wooded Area 1.

Plate 3. Dovyalis rhamnoides growing next to S. inerme within wooded Area 1.

Plate 4. Dracaena aletriformis within wooded Area 1.

Plate 5. Ficus natalensis growing within wooded Area 1

Plate 6. Maytenus undata within wooded Area 1.

Plate 7. Ficus polita in fruit in wooded Area 2.

Plate 8. Ficus polita displaying the long leaf petioles and leaf shape in wooded Area 2.

Plate 9. Very large trunk of Ficus polita in wooded Area 2.

Plate 10. Large trunk of an Albizia adianthifolia in wooded Area 2.

Plate 11. Large trunk of an Albizia adianthifolia in wooded Area 2.

Plate 12. Internal portions of Area 1 where the canopy is open, and is dominated by C. odorata, M. hibiscifolia, L.

camara.

Plate 13. Drimia maculata in the under-storey in wooded Area 2.

Plate 14. C. odorata, Cardiospermum grandiflorum dominating Area 1.

Plate 15. C. odorata, Solanum mauritianum & Ipomoea purpurea in wooded Area 1.

Plate 16. Litsea glutinosa growing in wooded Area 2, note erosion that is occurring.

Plate 17. Bark stripping of A. adianthifolia in wooded Area 2, note L. glutinosa growing all around.

Plate 18. Erosion in wooded Area 2, exposing roots of Ficus natalensis and A. adianthifolia.

Plate 19. Phytolacca dioica in fruit in wooded Area 1.

APPENDIX 9:

A THROUGH D PLANTING PALETTES FOR EACH

COMMUNITY TO UNDERGO REHABILITATION

APPENDIX 9a. Tree Species which can be utilised as precursor species for the establishment of

Coastal Forest.

Scientific Name Common Name Requirements Landscape Position

Apodytes dimidiata White Pear Terrestrial

Baphia racemosa Natal Camwood Terrestrial

Burchellia bubalina Wild Pomegranate Requires sunlight Terrestrial

Croton sylvaticus Forest Fever-berry Terrestrial

Cussonia sphaerocephala Forest Cabbage Tree Terrestrial

Deinbollia oblongifolia Dune Soap-berry Requires sunlight Terrestrial

Drypetes natalensis Natal Ironplum Terrestrial

Ekebergia capensis Cape Ash Terrestrial

Kraussia floribunda Rhino-coffee Terrestrial

Pavetta lanceolata Weeping Brides-bush Terrestrial

Protorhus longifolia Red Beech Terrestrial

Searsia chirindensis Red Currant Terrestrial

Shirakiopsis elliptica Jumping Seed Tree Temporary/seasonal zone

Sideroxylon inerme White Milkwood Terrestrial

Syzygium cordatum Umdoni Ecotone Only Temporary/seasonal zone

Tarenna pavettoides False Bride’s Bush Temporary zone

Trichilia dregeana Forest Mahogany Requires sunlight Terrestrial

Trichilia emetica Natal Mahogany Requires sunlight Terrestrial

Xylotheca kraussiana African Dog-rose Ecotone Only Terrestrial

Ziziphus mucronata Buffalo Thorn Requires sunlight Terrestrial

APPENDIX 9b. Tree & Herb Species which can be utilised in the establishment of the under-

storey of Coastal Forest, once the correct micro-climatic conditions have been

established.

Scientific Name Common Name Growth Form Landscape

Position

Adiantum capillus-veneris Maiden Hair Fern Fern Shade

Adiantum hispidulum Forest Fern Fern Shade

Aerangis mystacidii Tree Orchid Epiphytic Orchid Shade

Anastrabe integerrimum Pambati Tree Tree Shade

Aneilema aequinoctiale Sticky yellow Commelina Forb Shade

Aneilema dregeanum Purple Commelina Forb Shade

Anemia dregeana Forest Fern Fern Shade

Anthericum saundersiae Fountain Grass Forb Shade

Asparagus plumosus Fern Leaf Asparagus Creeper Shade

Asparagus virgatus Broom Asparagus Forb Shade

Asplenium aethiopicum Forest Fern Fern Shade

Asplenium prionitis Dark Green Forest Fern Fern Shade

Asplenium rutifolium Carrot-top Fern Fern Shade

Asplenium splendens Splendid Forest Fern Fern Shade

Bachmannia woodii Four-finger Bush Shrub Shade

Begonia dregei Wild Begonia Forb Shade

Behnia reticulata Forest Smilax Creeper Shade

Bersama lucens Glossy White Ash Tree Shade

Bersama swinnyi Coastal White Ash Tree Shade

Brachiaria chusqueoides Signal Grass Grass Shade

Buxus natalensis Natal Box Shrub Shade

Cavacoa aurea Natal Hickory Tree Shade

Celosia trigyna Wild Cock's Comb Forb Shade

Chlorophytum bowkeri Bowker's Hen & Chickens Forb Shade

Chlorophytum comosum Green Hen and Chickens Forb Shade

Chlorophytum modestum Dwarf Hen and Chickens Forb Shade

Cissus fragilis Forest Grape Vine Creeper Shade

Clivia gardenii Winter clivia Bulb Shade

Clivia miniata Common Clivia Forb Shade

Cola natalensis Coshwood Tree Shade

Coleotrype natalensis Forest Commelina Forb Shade

Commicarpus pentandrus Ceruse Stars Forb Shade

Conostomium natalense Wild Pentas Forb Shade

Crassula expansa N/A Succulent Shade

Crassula multicava Fairy Crassula Succulent Shade

Crinum moorei Moore's Crinum Bulb Shade

Crocosmia aurea Montbretia or Falling Stars Bulb Shade

Cyperus albostriatus Forest Star Sedge Sedge Shade

Cyrtorchis arcuata Wild Tree Orchid Epiphytic Orchid Shade

Dicliptera clinopodia Handsome Dicliptera Forb Shade

Dicliptera heterostegia Hidden flower Dicliptera Forb Shade


Position

Dietes butcheriana Forest Dietes Forb Shade

Dietes grandiflora Forest Iris Forb Shade

Dietes iridioides Small-flowered Forest Iris Forb Shade

Digitaria diversinervis Creeping Forest Grass Grass Shade

Dioscorea cotinifolia Wild Yam Creeper Shade

Dioscorea dregeana Wild Yam Creeper Shade

Diospyros natalensis Acorn Diospyros Tree Shade

Diospyros villosa Hairy Star-apple Creeper Shade

Dovyalis longispina Coast Kei Apple Tree Shade

Dovyalis rhamnoides Sourberry Kei Apple Tree Shade

Dracaena aletriformis Large-leaved Dragon Tree Shrub Shade

Embelia ruminata N/A Creeper Shade

Englerophytum natalense Natal Milkplum Tree Shade

Erythrococca berberidea Prickly Red-berry Tree Shade

Flagellaria guineensis Climbing Bamboo Creeper Shade

Grewia occidentalis Cross-berry Raisin Tree Shade

Hypoestes aristata Ribbon Bush Forb Shade

Impatiens hochstetteri Wild Busy Lizzie Forb Shade

Indigofera natalensis Forest Indigo Shrub Shade

Isoglossa cooperi Cooper's Buckwheat Shrub Shade

Isoglossa hypoestiflora Ribbon Bush Buckwheat Forb Shade

Isoglossa woodii Buckwheat Shrub Shade

Justicia campylostemon Honey Justicia Shrub Shade

Mackaya bella River Bells Shrub Shade

Maerua racemulosa Forest Bush-cherry Shrub Shade

Microsorum punctatum Dune Fern Fern Shade

Mitriostigma axillare Small False Loquat Shrub Shade

Monanthotaxis caffra Dwada Berry Creeper Shade

Ochna natalitia Natal Plane Tree Shade

Oplismenus hirtellus Forest Grass Grass Shade

Oricia bachmannii Twin-berry Tree Tree Shade

Oxyanthus pyriformis Natal Loquat Tree Shade

Oxyanthus speciosus Wild Loquat Tree Shade

Pancovia golungensis False Soap-berry Tree Shade

Pavetta lanceolata Weeping Bride's Bush Shrub Shade

Pavetta revoluta Dune Bride's Bush Shrub Shade

Peddiea africana Poison Olive Shrub Shade

Phaulopsis imbricata Sticky Flowered Phaulopsis Forb Shade

Plectranthus ambiguus Large-flowered Spur-flower Forb Shade

Plectranthus amboinicus Country Borage Forb Shade

Plectranthus ciliatus Speckled Spur-flower Forb Shade

Plectranthus ecklonii Large Spur-flower Bush Shrub Shade

Plectranthus fruticosus Forest Spur-flower Shrub Shade


Position

Plectranthus madagascariensis Madagascar Spur-flower Forb Shade

Plectranthus petiolaris N/A Forb Shade

Plectranthus verticillatus Gossip Plant Forb Shade

Plectranthus zuluensis Zulu Spur-flower Forb Shade

Pseuderanthemum subviscosum Forest Acanth Forb Shade

Psychotria capensis Black Bird-berry Shrub Shade

Putterlickia verrucosa Forest False-spikethorn Tree Shade

Pyrenacantha scandens Blue Duiker Rope Creeper Shade

Rinorea angustifolia White Violet-bush Tree Shade

Scadoxus membranaceus Dwarf Paintbrush Forb Shade

Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. katharinae Katharine Wheel Forb Shade

Scadoxus puniceus Snake-lily Forb Shade

Senecio deltoideus Honey Senecio Creeper Shade

Senecio helminthioides N/A Creeper Shade

Setaria lindenbergiana Mountain Bristle Grass Grass Shade

Setaria megaphylla Pleated-leaved Bristle Grass Grass Shade

Tabernaemontana ventricosa Forest Toad-tree Tree Shade

Tragia glabrata Creeping Stinging Nettle Creeper Shade

Tragiella natalensis Large-leaved Stinging Nettle Creeper Shade

Tricalysia lanceolata Jackal-coffee Tree Shade

Uvaria caffra Small-fruit Cluster-pear Creeper Shade

APPENDIX 9c. Plant Species that may be utilised in the rehabilitation of Grassland Areas around

the Substation and Area 2.

Scientific Name Common Name Growth Form

Abrus laevigatus Grassland Lucky Bean Creeper

Acalypha peduncularis Brooms and Brushes Forb

Agathosma ovata Wild Buchu Forb

Aloe cooperi Grass Aloe Succulent

Aloe kraussii Yellow Grass Aloe Succulent

Aloe vanbalenii van Balen's Aloe Succulent

Alysicarpus rugosus Pioneer Fodder Plant Forb

Aristea ecklonii Blue Stars Forb

Aristea woodii Wood's Aristea Forb

Aristida junciformis Ngongoni Grass Grass

Artemisia afra Wormwood Shrub

Aster bakerianus Baker's Aster Forb

Asystasia gangetica Creeping Foxglove Forb

Athrixia phylicoides Bushman's Tea Forb

Becium obovatum Cat's Whiskers Forb

Berkheya bipinnatifida White Forest Edge Berkheya Forb

Berkheya speciosa Thorny Grass Berkheya Forb

Berkheya umbellata Klossies Forb

Blumea alata N/A Forb

Bulbine abyssinica Bushy Bulbine Bulb

Callilepis laureola Ox-eye Daisy Forb

Chaetacanthus setiger Fairy Stars Forb

Chamaecrista comosa Trailing Dwarf Cassia Forb

Chamaecrista mimosoides Fishbone Dwarf Cassia Forb

Crassocephalum rubens N/A Herb

Crinum macowanii River Lily Bulb

Crotalaria pallida Broad-leaved Rattle Pod Forb

Cussonia spicata Common Cabbage Tree Tree

Cyanotis speciosa Doll's Powder-puff Forb

Cymbopogon excavatus Broad-leaved Turpentine Grass Grass

Cymbopogon validus Giant Turpentine Grass Grass

Desmodium incanum Sweet Hearts Forb

Dianthus zeyheri Wild Carnation Forb

Drimia elata Satin Squill Bulb

Eriospermum mackenii Yellow Fluffy-seed Bulb

Eucomis autumnalis Pineapple Lily Bulb

Eulophia speciosa Yellow Dune Orchid Terrestrial orchid

Eulophia streptopetala Twisted Petal Orchid Terrestrial orchid

Euryops chrysanthemoides Forest Euryops Shrub

Freesia grandiflora Bushveld Painted Petals Bulb

Aminotheca laxa Painted Petals Bulb

Gazania rigens Dune Gazania Forb


Gladiolus dalenii African Gladiolus Bulb

Gloriosa superba Flame Lily Bulb

Gnidia kraussiana Lesser Yellow-head Forb

Gomphocarpus fruticosus Milkweed Forb

Gomphocarpus physocarpus Milkweed Forb

Helichrysum kraussii Pioneer Everlasting Bush Forb

Helichrysum panduratum Silver-leaved Everlasting Forb

Helichrysum ruderale Verge Everlasting Forb

Heliophila rigidiuscula Grassland Blue Cross-flower Forb

Heteropogon contortus Spear Grass Grass

Heteropyxis natalensis Lavender Tree Tree

Hyparrhenia filipendula Thatching Grass Grass

Hyparrhenia hirta Thatching Grass Grass

Hypoxis colchicifolia Broad-leaved Hypoxis Bulb

Hypoxis hemerocallidea Common Hypoxis Bulb

Imperata cylindrica Cottonwool Grass Grass

Justicia flava Yellow Justicia Forb

Kalanchoe rotundifolia Round-leaved Kalanchoe Succulent

Kalanchoe thyrsiflora White Lady Succulent

Ledebouria cooperi Cooper's Squill Bulb

Ledebouria revoluta Common Ledebouria Bulb

Leucas lavandulifolia Pioneer White flowered Wild Dagga Forb

Lippia javanica Lemon Bush Forb

Melinis nerviglumis Bristle-leaved Red Top Grass Grass

Melinis repens Natal Red Top Grass Grass

Monocymbium ceresiiforme Boat Grass Grass

Nemesia denticulata Wild Nemesia Forb

Nidorella auriculata N/A Forb

Ocimum gratissimum Wild Basil Forb

Ocimum natalense Natal Basil Forb

Ornithogalum longibracteatum Wild Chinkereechee Bulb

Oxygonum dregeanum Starstalk Forb

Pelargonium acraeum Horseshoe Pelargonium Forb

Pelargonium peltatum Ivy-leaved Pelargonium Forb

Peucedanum caffrum African Wild Carrot Forb

Plectranthus hadiensis Wild Purple Salvia Forb

Pollichia campestris Waxberry Forb

Polygala virgata Purple Broom Shrub

Pseudarthria hookeri Velvet Bean Shrub

Salacia kraussii Leatherplum Forb

Scabiosa columbaria Wild Scabiosa Forb

Scilla natalensis Blue Squill Bulb

Scilla nervosa White Squill Bulb


Senecio madagascariensis Pioneer Senecio Forb

Senecio polyanthemoides Pioneer Senecio Forb

Senecio serratuloides Medicinal Senecio Forb

Setaria sphacelata Golden Bristle Grass Grass

Sporobolus africanus Ratstail Dropseed Grass

Stachys aethiopica African Stachys Forb

Syncolostemon densiflorus Pink Plume Shrub

Tephrosia inandensis White Tephrosia Shrub

Tephrosia polystachya Pioneer Tephrosia Shrub

Themeda triandra Red Grass Grass

Thunbergia atriplicifolia Natal Primrose Forb

Thunbergia dregeana Haarbossie Creeper

Tulbaghia violacea Wild Garlic Bulb

Urginea altissima Tall White Squill Bulb

Vernonia angulifolia Dune Bitter-tea Creeper

Vigna unguiculata Cow Pea Creeper

Watsonia densiflora Watsonia Bulb

Xysmalobium undulatum Milkwort Forb

Zornia capensis Caterpillar Bean Forb

APPENDIX 9d. Plant Species to be utilised in the rehabilitation of wetland areas, and the

adjoining hygrophilous grasslands (Majority of information courtesy David

Styles, 2011) .

Scientific Name Growth Form / Character Landscape Position

Berula erecta Hydrophyte Permanent zone

Crinum macowanii Mesophyte Temporary zone

Cycnium racemosum In damp grassland Temporary zone

Cycnium tubulosum In damp grassland Temporary zone

Cyperus articulatus Emergent helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Cyperus denudatus var. denudatus Emergent helophyte Permanent/seasonal

Cyperus dives Helophyte Seasonal zone

Cyperus fastigiatus Helophyte Permanent zone

Cyperus involucratus Helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Cyperus laevigatus Emergent Helophyte Seasonal/temporary zone

Cyperus latifolius Helophyte Permanent/Seasonal zone

Cyperus natalensis Helophyte or Mesophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Cyperus prolifer Emergent helophyte Permanent zone

Cyperus sexangularis Helophyte Seasonal zone

Cyperus solidus Mesophyte Temporary zone

Cyperus sphaerospermus Mesophyte Seasonal zone

Cyperus textilis Emergent hydrophyte or helophyte. Permanent/seasonal zone

Dissotis canescens In damp and swampy grassland Temporary zone

Dissotis princeps In damp and swampy grassland Temporary zone

Eleocharis limosa Emergent hydrophyte or helophyte Permanent zone

Fimbristylis complanata Helophyte Seasonal zone

Fimbristylis ferruginea Helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Fuirena ecklonii Helophyte Permanent zone

Fuirena hirsuta Helophyte Seasonal zone

Fuirena pachyrrhiza Helophyte Seasonal zone

Gladiolus papilio In swampy and damp grassland Temporary zone

Isolepis fluitans Emergent hydrophyte or helophyte Permanent zone

Isolepis prolifera Helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Juncus effusus Helophyte Mostly permanent zone

Juncus kraussii subsp. kraussii Helophyte Mostly permanent zone

Juncus lomatophyllus Helophyte or hyperhydate Permanent zone

Kniphofia littoralis In wetlands Temporary/seasonal zones

Kyllinga erecta Helophyte Seasonal/temporary zone

Ludwigia octovalvis Hydrophyte Seasonal/temporary zone

Pycreus macranthus Helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Pycreus nitidus Helophyte Seasonal/permanent zone

Pycreus permutata Helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Pycreus polystachyos Helophyte Seasonal/temporary zone

Ranunculus multifidus In wetlands, swampy grassland Temporary/seasonal zones

Rhynchospora barrosiana Helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Schoenoplectus erectus Emergent hydrophyte or helophyte Permanent zone

Scientific Name Growth Form / Character Landscape Position

Schoenoplectus paludicola Emergent hydrophyte or helophyte Seasonal zone

Schoenoplectus scirpoideus Emergent hydrophyte or helophyte Permanent/seasonal zone

Scleria melanomphala Helophyte Permanent zone

Scleria natalensis Emergent hydrophyte or helophyte Permanent zone

Syncolostemon densiflorus Wetlands, damp grassland & scrub Temporary zone

Xyris capensis Helophytes and hydrophytes Permanent/seasonal zones

Zantedeschia aethiopica Wetlands, Permanent zones

* Helophyte - a plant typical of marshy or lake-edge environments

** Mesophyte - a plant with only moderate water requirements

*** Hydrophyte - a plant that is morphologically and/or physiologically adapted to grow in water

**** Hyperhydate - an emergent plant, with leaves and/or stems emerging well beyond the water surface

APPENDIX 2B:

M 41 INTERCHANGE REPORT

SiVEST VCC Estate, North View Building Phone +27 33 347 1600

Environmental 170 Peter Brown Drive, Montrose Fax +27 33 347 5762

Division Pietermaritzburg 3201 South Africa Email [email protected]

PO Box 707, Msunduzi 3231 www.sivest.co.za

Divisional Directors W A Pearce (Managing), J A Barnard, R G Kinvig, M A Nevette

A Division of SiVEST Directors S D Leach (Chairman), M J Wright (Managing), M S Hemingway, S G Joubert, M J Meikle-Braes,

W A Pearce, H G D Regnaud, G R Sims, K P Smith, K Soni, A F Tomkins

Offices: South Africa Durban, Johannesburg, Ladysmith, Pietermaritzburg, Richards Bay, Cape Town. Africa Harare (Zimbabwe).

Part of the SiVEST Group SiVEST SA (Pty) Ltd Registration No. 2000/006717/07 t/a SiVEST

SETA

THREE STAR

GRADING SYSTEM

Quality Management

Accredited

Dear Sir / Madam

Dear Mr / Mrs

Dear Sir

RETAIL PARK RE-ALIGNMENT OF ROADWAYS: ASSESSMENT OF THE

VEGETATION CURRENTLY OCCURRING ON SITE

BACKGROUND:

Following the request by Tongaat Hulett Developments (PTY) Ltd, that SiVEST identify any

potential rare or protected species that may be impacted upon as a result of the proposed M41

re-alignment and interchange resulting from the development of the proposed Cornubia Retail

Park.

Dr. Richard Kinvig of SiVEST Environmental Division undertook an assessment of the areas

identified in the map appended.

VEGETATION:

Following a rapid inspection of the identified areas, the following may be reported on in terms of

the vegetation that was identified on site.

The majority of the plant species that were identified on site are alien plant species, some of

which are invasive, others of which are simply introduced species which do not pose any threat

in terms of invasion or encroachment.

The most common species which were identified on site were as follows: Litsea glutinosa, Eucalyptus grandis, Nerium oleander (double flowered cultivar), Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Solanum mauritianum, Montanoa hibiscifolia and Albizia lebbeck.

In terms of the vegetation land cover two distinct vegetation types occur.

Secondary Disturbed Grassland

The secondary grassland occurs on a small portion of the southerly study area identified on the

map attached, and on the northerly portion (north of M41) of the study site. The southerly

portion of grassland is extremely moribund, with the graminoid portion of the grassland being

Tongaat Hulett Developments (Pty) Ltd

305 Umhlanga Rocks Drive

UMHLANGA ROCKS

4051

ATTENTION: RORY WILKINSON

By email: [email protected]

Your reference:

Our reference:

Date:

Retail Park Roads

RK/Report

5th April 2012

significantly reduced as a result of the spread of Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and

Solanum mauritianum. A further factor which is impacting on this portion of secondary grassland

decreasing in size is the presence of extremely tall woody vegetation which forms a corridor

between the grass dominated portion of the site and the Mount Edgecombe Golf Course Fence

Line.

In terms of the grassland area, it has been highly impacted upon as a result of the

establishment of the road and overpass. It is our submission that this area was seeded

historically with the standard NPA Grass mix, with species such as Digitaria eriantha, Chloris gayana and Cynodon dactylon being the most common. An Acacia sieberiana has established

itself on the bridge abutment, and we would suggest that this species was also planted, as A. sieberiana is not commonly occurring in such close proximity to the coast. On the northerly side

of the M41 the dominant tree species within the grasslands are Albizia lebbeck, Spathodea campanulata and Leucaena leucocephala. All of these species are alien invasive species and

therefore the removal of said species will be beneficial in controlling alien invasive species in the

direct vicinity.

The list of species which were present on site are appended as Table 1.

Woody Vegetation

The majority of the woody vegetation on site is alien invasive vegetation, with Litsea glutinosa being the most common. Given the massive seed setting ability of the species, the majority of

the under-storey of the woody area is dominated by this species.

There are a limited number of indigenous woody species which have established themselves

within the artificial drainage canal that was created as a result of the road construction. The

following indigenous plant species were identified; Kraussii floribunda, Dalbergia obovata, Dalbergia armata, Acokanthera oppositifolia, Dovyalis rhamnoides, Gymnosporia buxifolia, Protorhus longifolia and Trichilia emetica. All of these species are not associated with well

established forest, even though they may persist within Old Forest fragments. It is our opinion

that these species have established themselves by chance, given that their seeds are

commonly vectored into new areas by birds and bats, through the ingestion of their palatable

fruit.

Recommendations & Conclusions A single protected plant species was identified on site, namely Scadoxus puniceus. This species

is a commonly occurring species which is afforded protection simply as a result of it falling within

the Amaryllidaceae. This family has many species which are uncommon and threatened and

therefore it was simpler to provide a blanket protection status to the Family as opposed to the

species within it. It is our recommendation that should this area be developed that this species

is uplifted and replanted in an area where no construction will occur.

The alteration of the receiving environment in this case will not have any significant negative

impacts on the landscape or the goals for conservation and biodiversity preservation in the

province.

It is implied that through the development of the proposed interchange upgrade, that a benefit

will accrue in as much as a large amount of alien invasive vegetation will be removed, which is

currently providing a source for infestations in other areas. The other areas are currently being

managed for alien infestations. Further these species may be introduced into existing areas,

which may currently hold conservation and biodiversity value.

Therefore, it is our opinion that no vegetation of any significance will be lost as a result of the

proposed development of an interchange.

Should you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned at telephone

(033) 347-1600 or alternatively on (083) 463 2919.

Yours faithfully

Dr. R.G. Kinvig (Pr. Sci. Nat.) Divisional Director

SiVEST Environmental Division

encl: Plates of the Site

Map of the site

TABLE OF PLATES

Plate 1. Double flowered Nerium oleander not considered to be invasive as the single flowered variety is (CAT 1). . 1

Plate 2. Leucaena leucocephala growing in the 20 grassland areas along the north side of the M41. .......................... 2

Plate 3. Samanea saman planted row. This species is an introduced species utilised as a street tree ......................... 2

Plate 4. Far left is a Tabebuia pallida, an introduced ornamental, trees to the right are Samanea saman. ................... 3

Plate 5. Eucalyptus grandis growing in 20 Grassland north of M41.. .............................................................................. 3

Plate 6. 20 grassland with large Acacia sieberiana growing on bridge abutment.........................................................3

Plate 1. Double flowered Nerium oleander not considered to be invasive as the single flowered variety is (CAT 1).

Plate 2. Leucaena leucocephala growing in the 2

0 grassland areas along the north side of the M41.

Plate 3. Samanea saman planted row. This species is an introduced species utilised as a street tree

Plate 4. Far left is a Tabebuia pallida, an introduced ornamental, trees to the right are Samanea saman.

Plate 5. Eucalyptus grandis growing in 2

0 Grassland north of M41. Plate 6. 2

0 grassland with large Acacia sieberiana growing on bridge

abutment.

CORNUBIA

RETAIL PARK

FIGURE 1:

VEGETATION MAPTHIS MAP HAS BEEN PREPARED UNDER THE CONTROLS

ESTABLISHED BY THE SIVEST QUALITY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM AND MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SETA

QUALITY GRADING SYSTEM THAT IS ISO COMPLIANT

"COPYRIGHT IS VESTED IN SiVEST IN TERMS OF THE COPYRIGHT

ACT (ACT 98 OF 1978) AND NO USE OR REPRODUCTION OR

DUPLICATION THEREOF MAY OCCUR WITHOUT THE WRITTEN

CONSENT OF THE AUTHOR"

4 PENCARROW CRESCENTLA LUCIA RIDGE OFFICE ESTATEUMHLANGA ROCKS, 4320SOUTH AFRICA

Phone: +27 31 5811500Fax: +27 31 5662371e-mail: [email protected]

Project No Map Ref No DatePrepared By

10991 10991/F1-01 R. EDWARDS 10/04/2012

±0 20 40

Meters

ENVIRONMENTAL DIVISION

Legend

Albizia lebbeck

Eucalyptus grandis

Samanea saman

Scadoxus puniceus

Spathodea campanulata

Tabebuia pallida

Secondary Grassland

Secondary Woody Vegetation

cornubia retail park and m 41 interchange …rhdhv.co.za/media/august-2013/appendix c4.1.pdf ·...

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