corinthia- net.gr/ecology/axios.htm

www.corinthia-net.gr/ecology/axios.htmStudy on the ecological quality of the Axios river

THE TEAMIntroduction: Phillip Buckley and Eva MourgiMaterials and Methods: Janina Welsch and Frederic MineurEvzoni: Sabina-Raluca Datcu and Joan OudryAxioupoli: Vasilis Dakos, Lina Tzimiri and Danai PaleologouGorgopi: Alexander Dzubaj and Markos SarrisKatanti: Silvia Markova Overview: Silvia Markova, Phillip Rogers and George-Dragos ZaharescuStatistics: Christos Koukoumidis and Simon BurandtDiscussion: Giorgos Anasontzis, Thibault Vannier and Vasilis Dakos Management: Fotis Sgouridis

CONTENTS4- 12: Introduction13- 22: Materials and Methods23- 89: Results90- 91: Orders and families in each station92- 94:Comparison between the water quality of the stations in 1997 and 2000 95- 110: Overview111- 119: Statistics120- 134: Discussion135- 137: Managerial Proposals138- 140: Bibliography141: AcknowledgementsSlide number

IntroductionMany of the streams and rivers in the European Union suffer from the anthropogenic effects of abstraction and pollution. Many countries of the EU employ specialized organizations to undertake regular monitoring of running waters (e.g. the Environment Agency in the U.K.). Greece is one of the EU countries that does not have a national or regional monitoring network (Lazaridou et al. 2000). In the present study an attempt was made to estimate the water quality of the Axios river. This was done using benthic macro-invertebrate samples, physicochemical variables, a vegetation survey and a river habitat survey. This river was chosen because in addition to the natural variation found between upland and lowland river sites there were obvious areas of interference by man. http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth?imgsize=320&opt=-z&lat=37.9667&ns=North&lon=336.267&ew=West&alt=29&daynight=-d&img=learth.evif

Study AreaThe Axios River has its source in the Sar mountains in the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The river runs for 320km, of which 240km are in FYROM. The remaining 80km of the river run through Greek territory. Most of the water in the river is drained from FYROM, with only 5% of the water introduced to the river coming from Greece (Argiropoulos, 1991).

The river flows south-east, entering Greek territory through a gently undulating plain and discharging into the sea at the Thermaikos Gulf. The Axios estuary, with the estuaries of the rivers Aliakmon and Loudias create a wetland of great importance. This wetland is protected under both the RAMSAR convention (1971), and the Natura 2000 directive of the European Union (Lazaridou, 1998).

General Description

Land Uses

The Greek part of Axios river system can be divided into three regions according to the human activity on the land through which it flows.

The first 20km of the river in Greek territory, from the border to Polikastro is primarily used for drinking.

The second region which extends from the city of Axioupoli to the demarcation line between the cities of Kilkis and Thessaloniki is used for agricultural irrigation.

The final region leading to the Gulf is mainly utilized for industrial purposes (Agiropoulos 1991, Pitsavas and Ganidou, 1996). 123Fragma Ellis damhttp://egnatia.ee.auth.gr/~akalatha/thmap.htm

The main channel is obstructed by the Fragma Ellis dam, 40km downstream of the border, next to the town of Koufalia. This dam provides water to an extensive network of irrigation channels from May to September (Argiropoulos, 1991).

In addition to removal of water from the river there is also extensive abstraction of sand. The river deposits annually approximately 3.500.000 m3 of sand, this extends the delta into the sea at a rate of 30m annually (Argiropoulos, 1991). In the agricultural land that borders the river several different crops are grown: 28.4% of the land is used for cotton, 22.2% for corn, 21.3% is given over to orchards, 12.3% is used for rice, 3.6% for tobacco, and 12.2% for other vegetables (Albanis et al 1994). This places a heavy abstraction strain on the river.

(Georama 1999)

(Mousio GoulandriFisikis Istorias E.K.B.Y. 1996)

Sources of Pollution

The Axios river accepts waste from Polikastro, Axioupoli and Koufalia. These are the largest urban centres in the region. Polikastro and Axioupoli are also the industrial centres for the area. Several tributaries of the river also introduce pollution. Approximately 2km above the Fragma Ellis dam, the Anthofito channel deposits municipal and industrial effluent into the main channel (Lazaridou, 1998). The Vardarovasi ditch takes effluent from Koufalia.

Agricultural waste is also introduced to the river both through drainage channels and contaminated ground water. The main sources of pollution are shown in the following table (Lazaridou, 1998):

Table:Main sources of pollution

Pollution Sources

Waste

m3 /d

BOD

mg/l

N-N03

mg/l

N-N02

mg/l

N-NH3

mg/l

P- PO4

mg/l

Kolios Cheese Industry

140

40000

7

0.15

30

120

Axioupoli:

Textiles

180

100

9

0.2

5.5

2

Gouletsa:

Textiles

320

112

1

0.12

4

2.4

Ioannidis:

Textiles

700

100

3

0.12

2.6

2.2

Axioupoli:

Abattoir

120

1000

25

0.25

10

8.5

Axioupoli:

Urban Waste

27

2000

35

0.2

50

25

Polikastro:

Urban Waste

49

2000

30

0.2

50

22

Artzan-Agiak-Amatovo Channel

0.23

33

2.2

0.07

0.8

0.7

MEVGAL Dairy Industry

600

2000

8

0.4

10.8

15.5

BITOM

Cannery

1380

200

0.5

0.1

0.9

0.9

Irrigation Channel

0.05

1

5

0.1

1

0.5

Koufalia Urban Waste

20

2000

40

0.04

80

25

Kimina Urban Waste

0

2000

40

0.04

80

25

Sampling stations

The sample sites were chosen according to the physical characteristics, land use and accessibility. Four sites were sampled over the course of one day.

The first site was approximately 1km below the border with FYROM, near the village of Evzoni. The sample area was adjacent to agricultural land and characterized by low vegetation. The site was not significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities in Greek territory and was chosen to demonstrate the quality of the water coming from FYROM.

The second station was located 20km from the Greek border, near Axioupoli. Three samples were taken from this site. One sample was taken from a channel (canal in) leading into the main channel. 50m above this sample site the channel accepted the effluent from an abattoir. The second sample was taken from the main channel (main flow) immediately upstream of a mature island, just above the entrance of the channel. The third sample was taken from the outflow of the same channel (canal out). Station two was chosen because it examined the first major pollution occurrence in Greek territory. (Lazaridou 1998)Sand was also removed from the river at this site.

The third station was located on the Gorgopi river, a tributary that runs into the main channel 25km from the border. This station was characterized by rich bank side vegetation, small width and depth and high flow. The tributary is thought to accept some agricultural waste from nearby land, but is not heavily polluted by runoff from the land (Lazaridou, 1998). Four samples were taken at this site. The first sample was taken 10m down stream of a weir and 20m downstream of a bridge (downstream) The second sample was taken just above the bridge and just below a side channel (middle). The third sample was taken just above this source (upstream). A final sample was taken in a side channel (side channel). This site was chosen to examine the quality of the water that comes from the Gorgopi river to the Axios river.

The fourth station was located near the village of Anatoliko, 1km from the point were the Vardarovasi ditch discharges into the Axios river, and approximately 64km from the border. This site was characterized by thick, low vegetation. One sample was taken from this site. The site was chosen because it is located below both the third main source of pollution, the Vardarovasi ditch and the Fragma Ellis dam.

Materials and MethodsSampling of MacroinvertebratesThe first three sites were sampled using a 3-minute kick-sweep method (Armitage et al., 1983) with a standard pond net (surface 575 cm2, mesh size 90 m, depth 27,5 cm). During these three minutes all kinds of substrate habitats were sampled.For special habitats like big stones, tree roots or wooden debris a supplementary 1-minute sampling (by hand) was carried out, according to the relative frequency of these habitats. At Katanti Anatoliko, due to the depth, a 3-minute sample was taken standing on the riverbank. A standard pond net was used for agitating the ground while it was pulled towards the bank.

Photo:Maria Lazaridou

3 minute kick-sweep method

The samples were stored in plastic bottles and fixed in 4% formaline. In the laboratory the samples were washed using a 50 m mesh sieve and then sorted with the aid of magnifying lenses. All invertebrates were identified to the family level using a stereoscope. They were preserved in ethanol.

Physicochemical parametersThe following physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using a digital multimeter: temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and dissolved oxygen (DO2).Relative abundance of each category of substrate (boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay) was estimated visually according to the Wentworth scale.Water velocity was measured at the sampling stations using a flow meter. Discharge was calculated using measurement of velocity and depth at each tenth of the width of the river.

Photo:Maria LazaridouPhysicochemical analysis

Statistical analysis Three multivariate analyses known as FUZZY (Equihua, 1990), CANOCO (Ter Braak 1988) and PRIMER (Field 1982) were used to obtain both ordination and classification. FUZZY is a clustering technique. It was chosen because it is suited for ecological analysis where there is no clear-cut transition from one class to another. It does not assume the existence of discrete benthic populations between the various stretches of a river system. Instead, it identifies the continuum and gradual change in their faunal composition (Equihua, 1990).The relationships between the macroinvertebrate taxa [transformed by ln(x+1)], physicochemical parameters and sampling sites were analyzed using the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (program CANOCO).

The statistical package PRIMER was used to compare the similarity between the different invertebrate communities. First, a Dendrogram was formed to amalgamate the sites into groups according to similarity of their benthic communities. Then a second part of PRIMER, known as SIMPER took the results of this dendrogram and expressed the similarities and differences, as a percentage, between these groups.

Biotic scores The Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score (Chesters, 1980) and the Greek Evaluation System (GES) (Artemiadou, unpublished) were performed on all biotic data in order to evaluate the water quality.The BMWP take into account the presence/absence of families whereas the GES take also into account the abundance of each family. *ASPT IS REFFERED AS BMWP INDEX Sampling of macrophytesMacrophytes were collected between the riverbanks along a transect (5 m width) around sampling stations. According to the size and access of the station plants were reported only on one river side and partly on the substrate of the channel. Abundance was estimated visually.

River Habitat Survey At the first three sites an evaluation of the habitats took place, using the River Habitat Survey field method, or RHS (Environment Agency UK, 1997). The RHS field method is a systematic collection of data associated with the physical structure of watercourses based on a standard 500m length of a river channel. Observations were done at an interval of 50m (spot-checks). Physical features were assessed from 1m wide transect across the channel while vegetation structure, land-use and channel vegetation types were assessed within a 10m wide transect. In addition the general habitat of the channel and the management of adjacent land-use were reported (sweep up).

Finally, cross-section measurements of water and bankfull, bank height and water depth were made at one representative location.

For each site the Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA) score was evaluated, according to the 1.2 version. This score is based on the presence and extent of habitat features of known wildlife value recorded during the survey.

At the same time the Habitat Modification Score (HMS) was also calculated (version 1.1). This score expresses the extent of artificial modification to the physical structure of the channel. Afterwards the sites were categorized according to the 6 HMS categories used in the UK (Raven et al ., 1998).

EVZONI

R.H.S.-EVZONIHQA:57HMS:6Predominantly unmodified

Sheet1

Valley ShapeChannel

SubstrateFlowNo of Veg.Types

SymmetricalGravel/PebbleRipples3ModificationCharacteristics

Bank Reinforcements/Set-Back EmbankmentsDiscrete Sand Deposits/litter/Pollution/Dragonflies/Storks

Banks

LR

FaceTopLanduseFaceTopLanduse

BareUniformTilled landComplexUniformScrub/Tall Herbs/Tilled land

Sheet2

VALLEY SHAPECHANNEL


SymmetricalGravel/PebbleRipples3

Sheet3

Sheet1

Valley ShapeChannel


SymmetricalGravel/PebbleRipples3ModificationCharacteristics

Bank Reinforcements/Set-Back EmbankmentsDiscrete Sand Deposits/litter/Pollution/Dragonflies/Storks

BANKS

LR

FaceTopLanduseFaceTopLanduse

BareUniformTilled landComplexUniformScrub/Tall Herbs/Tilled land

Sheet2

Valley ShapeChannel


SymmetricalGravel/PebbleRipples3

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sample siteNo. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreBMWP IndexQuality

Evzoni9394Good434.5Good

Sampling sitesNo. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreBMWP IndexQuality

Canal In38.51.5Very Poor71.5Very Poor

Mainflow729.54Good294Good

Canal Out833.34Good374.5Good

Sampling sitesNo. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreBMWP IndexQuality

Side Channel2099.46Excellent1016.5Excellent

Upstream1263.14.5Good705.5Excellent

Middle1053.85.5Excellent615.5Excellent

Downstream1690.66Excellent846Excellent

Sample siteNo. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreBMWP IndexQuality

Anatoliko723.52.5Poor212.5Bad

ModificationCharacteristics

Bank Reinforcements Set-BackEmbankmentsDiscrete Sand Deposits / Litter / Pollution / Dragonflies / Storks

Sheet2

Sheet2

8.57

44

44.5

00

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sampling site

Index Score

Comparison of GREEK Index & BMWP Score at Gorgopis

Sheet3

RHS-EVZONIThe first site at Evzoni was located on a symmetrical floodplain with a channel width of about 90m and banks that reach from 1 to 5 meters. This morphology, along with the fact that the predominant material consists of gravel and pebbles almost at the full extent of the channel and at the reach studied, is responsible for its rippled surface, meaning there is a general downstream flow with disturbed rippled surface(run).Glides and riffles are also reported as well as marginal deadwaters but very restricted. The vegetation in the channel is limited to 3 different types, mainly at the banksides.Deposition features, such as point-, side- and mid-channel bars, (vegetated and not) had also a dominant presence at this site.

The banks have a physical profile, mostly undercut and steep, although there are reinforcements at the toe, because of gabions at various locations.The bankfaces have vegetation mostly on the right side with occasional clumps of trees, underwater roots and woody debris.The banktops on the other hand are uniform with tall herbs or bare earth predominate.Land-use beyond the banks is dominated by field and agricultural land.

EVZONI VEGETATIONShown here are two profiles, one transect covering theriverbank and a cross profile at Evzoni. The vegetation characteristics of Evzoni were mainly grasses and herbs.

Where the survey was conducted, over-grazing had occurred by sheep.

Terestrial vegetation (EVZONI)Herbs15%Grasses35%Unvegetated50%

Chart3

0.3

0.01

0.04

0.07

0.58

(%)

Vegetation in fresh water (EVZONI)

Sheet1

Table: Vegetation at the Station 1: EVZONI

Fam. COMPOSITAE

Xantium scrumarium

Paspalum paspaloides

Fam. HALORAGACEAE

Myriophyllum spicatum

Table: Vegetation at the Station 2: AXIOUPOLI

Fam. GRAMINAE

Fam. HALORAGACEAE

Myriophyllum spicatum

Fam. SALICACEA

Salix.sp.

Fam. TAMARICACEAE

Tamarix.sp.

Table: Vegetation at the Station 3: GORGOPIS

Fam. ASCLEPIADACEA

Periplaca graece

Fam. BORAGINACEA

Fam. CARYOPHILACEAE

Saponaria officinalis

Fam. COMPOSITAE

Xantium strumarium

Fam. CYPERACEAE

Cyperus longus

Fam.FABACEAE

Vicia sp

Fam. GRAMINAE

Agrostis atolonifera

Digitaria sp.

Fam. EQUISETACEAE

Equisetum sp.

Fam. JUNCACEAE

Junces effusus

Fam. LABIATAE

Mentha sp.

Mellisa officinalis

Fam. PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago lanceolata

Fam. RANUNCULACEAE

Clematis vitalba

Fam.SCROPULARIACEAE

Veronica sp.

Fam.UMBELLIFERAE

Fam. URTICACEAE

Urtica sp.

european:

Chart1

Sheet2

station nu.1

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae30%

Dead wood1%

Living wood4%

Other algae7%

Unvegetated58%

station nu.1

Terrestrial%

Herbs15%

Grasses25%

Crucifera sp.10%

Unvegetated50%

station nu.3A

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae35%

Dead wood2%

Living wood2%

Other algae10%

Unvegetated51%

station nu.3A

Terrestrial%

Grasses green30%

Grasses dry40%

Unvegetated30%

station nu.3B

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae60%

Dead wood5%

Living wood0%

Other algae10%

Unvegetated25%

Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

(%)


Sheet3

0

0

0

0

%

Terestrial vegetation (EVZONI)

0

0

0

0

0

(%)

Vegetation in fresh water (GORGOPIS)

0

0

0

%

Terrestrial vegetation (GORGOPIS a)

0

0

0

0

0

(%)

Fresh water (GORGOPIS B)

Vegetation at the station 1 - EVZONI

Sheet1

Table: Vegetation at the Station 1: EVZONI

Table: Vegetation at the Station 2: AXIOUPOLI

OccurrenceTable: Vegetation at the Station 3: GORGOPIS

Fam. COMPOSITAE

Xantium scrumariumwidely naturalised in waste places, tracksides

Paspalum paspaloides

Fam. HALORAGACEAE

Myriophyllum spicatumthroughout Europe

Occurrence

Fam. GRAMINAE

Fam. HALORAGACEAE

Myriophyllum spicatumthroughout Europe

Fam. SALICACEA

Salix.sp.marshes, streamsides, lakesides, fens and damp woods

Fam. TAMARICACEAE

Tamarix.sp.riversides, marshes, by the sea

Occurrence

Fam. ASCLEPIADACEA

Periploca graecebushy places, hedges

Fam. BORAGINACEA

Fam. CARYOPHILACEAE

Saponaria officinalishedges, waste damp places, alluvium, railway embankments

Fam. COMPOSITAE

Xantium strumariumwidely naturalised in waste places, tracksides

Fam. CYPERACEAE

Cyperus longusmarshes, watersides

Fam.FABACEAE

Vicia sphedges, fields, grassy places

Fam. GRAMINAE

Agrostis stoloniferagrassland, open woods, waysides, salt marshes, cultivated ground

Digitaria sp.cultivated ground, sandy places

Fam. EQUISETACEAE

Equisetum sp.

Fam. JUNCACEAE

Juncus effususwet pastures, bogs, damp woods, watersides

Fam. LABIATAE

Mentha sp.

Melisa officinalishedges, thichets, woods, vineyards

Fam. PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago lanceolatameadows, waysides, heaths, waste ground

Fam. RANUNCULACEAE

Clematis vitalbawoods, hedges, thickets

Fam.SCROPHULARIACEAE

Veronica sp.

Fam.UMBELLIFERAE

Fam. URTICACEAE

Urtica sp.

Chart1

Filamentos algae0.4

Dead wood0.05

Living wood0.05

Other algae0.1

Herb0.1

Grasses0.3

Sheet2

station nu.1

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae30%

Dead wood1%

Living wood4%

Other algae7%

Unvegetated58%

station nu.1

Terrestrial%

Herbs15%

Grasses25%

Crucifera sp.10%

Unvegetated50%

station nu.3A

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae35%

Dead wood2%

Living wood2%

Other algae10%

Unvegetated51%

station nu.3A

Terrestrial%

Grasses green30%

Grasses dry40%

Unvegetated30%

station nu.3 B

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae40%

Living wood2%

Other algae8%

Unvegetated50%

station nu.3b

Terrestrial%

Trees40%

High shrub20%

Tall herbs40%

station nu.2 A

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae20%

Other algae10%

Unvegetated70%

station nu.2 a

Terrestrial%

Grassees30%

Herbs10%

Crucifera sp.10%

Unvegetated50%

station nu.2 B

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae0%

Other algae0%

Unvegetated100%

station nu.2 b

Dead water%

Algae10%

Unvegetated90%

station nu.2 C

Fresh water(%)

Filamentos algae30%

Unvegetated70%

station nu.2 c

Terrestrial%

Herbs0%

Unvegetated (dry soil)50%

Sheet2

0.3

0.01

0.04

0.07

0.58

(%)


Sheet3

0.15

0.25

0.1

0.5

%

Terestrial vegetation (EVZONI)

0.35

0.02

0.02

0.1

0.51

(%)

Vegetation in fresh water (GORGOPI a)

0.3

0.4

0.3

%

Terrestrial vegetation (GORGOPI a)

0.4

0.02

0.08

0.5

(%)

Vegetation in fresh water (Gorgopi b)

0.4

0.2

0.4

%

Terrestrial vegetation (GORGOPI b)

0.2

0.1

0.7

(%)

Vegetation in fresh water (AXIOPOLI a)

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.5

%

Terestrial vegetation (AXIOPOLI a)

0

0

1

(%)

Vegetation in fresh water (AXIOPOLI b)

0.1

0.9

%

Dead water (AXIOPOLI b)

0.3

0.7

(%)

Vegetation in fresh water (AXIOPOLI c)

0

0.5

%

Terrestrial vegetation (AXIOPOLI c)

Station 1 - EvzoniPaspalum paspaloides www.agralin.nl/prosroni/paspalum.htmlMyriophyllum spicatumXanthium strumarium* All the photos (except those taken from the Internet) are from Polunin Oleg, Oxford University,1969, Flowers of Europe

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS - EVZONI

Sheet1

SiteEVZONISiteAXIOUPOLI main flow

Temperature (C)19.8Temperature (C)21.7

D.O. (mg/l)8.78D.O. (mg/l)9.84

D.O. (%)96.6D.O. (%)112.3

pH8.31pH8.34

Conductivity (S)431Conductivity (mS/cm)405

T.D.S. (mg/l)218T.D.S. (mg/l)258

Substrate (%)Substrate (%)

Boulders0Boulders0

Cobbles5Cobbles0

Pebbles50Pebbles50

Gravel35Gravel40

Sand0Sand10

Silt10Silt0

Clay0Clay0

Average flow (m/s)0.97Average flow (m/s)0.235

Discharge (m3/h)30886.34Discharge (m3/h)362.25

Width (m)64.4Width (m)55

Average depth (m)0.235Average depth (m)0.9

Sheet2

Sheet3

EVZONI

Chart1

2

6

5

118

81

61

3

59

6

GOMPHIDAE2%

HEPTAGENIIDAE1%

Sheet1

KATANTI ANATOLIKOAXIOUPOLI - CANAL INGORGOPIS DOWNSTREAMGORGOPIS SIDE CHANNELAXIOUPOLIS- MAIN FLOWGORGOPIS UPSTREAM MIDDLE

ORDERSNO OF INDIVIDUALS%

AMPHIPODA3558.33DIPTERA35278.57ODONATA159.15DIPTERAEPHEMEROPTERA315DIPTERA

TRICHOPTERA35.00OLIGOCHAETA9621.43EPHEMEROPTERA2112.80OLIGOCHAETAAMPHIPODA15

COLEOPTERA35.00448PLECOPTERA42.44PLECOPTERAGASTROPODA15

MYSIDACEA1016.67TRICHOPTERA1911.59EPHEMEROPTERACOLEOPTERA15

OLIGOCHAETA610.00DIPTERA9960.37AMPHIPODATRICHOPTERA210

CHIRONOMIDAE23.33OLIGOCHAETA31.83ODONATADIPTERA1260

CAENIDAE11.67HETEROPTERA10.61HETEROPTERA20

TOTAL60COLEOPTERA10.61GASTROPODA

GASTROPODA10.61TRICHOPTERA

164HEMIPTERA

Sheet2

ORDERFAMILYSAMPLING SITES

EYZONIAXIOUPOLI CANAL INAXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOWAXIOUPOLI CANAL OUTGORGOPI UPSTREAMGORGOPI MIDDLEGORGOPI DOWNSTREAMGORGOPI SIDE CHANNELKATANTI ANATOLIKO

EPHEMEROPTERABAETIDAE8155312361

EPHEMERELLIIDAE9322410

EPHEMERIDAE3

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE1

CAENIDAE613214721311

HEPTAGENEIDAE281023

TRICHOPTERAHYDROPSYCHIDAE11822411683

LEPTOCERIDAE3113

RHYACOPHYLIDAE1

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE5935181271918297292

TIPULIDAE22

TABANIDAE12

CERATOPOGONIDAE4

DOLICHOPODIDAE1

SIMULIIDAE13

LIMONIIDAE8

STRATIOMYIDAE1

BLEPHARICERIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHYDAE61310152

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE519335

GASTROPODALIMNAEIDAE312

PHYSIDAE111

OLIGOCHAETA636163326

COLEOPTERAELMINTHIDAE1

DYTISCIDAE3

GYRINIDAE1

PLECOPTERALEUCTRIDAE15413

HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE5

CORIXIDAE2

HETEROPTERANEPIDAE1

MESOVELIIDAE2

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE10

EYZONI

EYZONI

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

GOMPHIDAE2%

gorgopi up

2

6

5

118

81

61

3

59

6

gorgopi middle

810

310

110

138

37

15

34

74

14

13

53

192

gorgopi downstream

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

6

gorgopi side chanel

1

10

3

4

15

4

16

3

3

2

1

1

1

97

3

katanti anatliko

23

13

2

10

1

3

8

2

13

61

1

8

1

2

1

2

2

29

32

Sheet3

35

3

1

3

10

2

6


EPHEMERELLIIDAE7EPHEMERIDAE10EPHEMERIDAE310HEPTAGENEIDAE210

EPHEMERIDAE10LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE10LEPTOCERIDAE1110GOMPHYDAE68

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE10HEPTAGENEIDAE10LEUCTRIDAE510GAMMARIDAE56

CAENIDAE4LEPTOCERIDAE10GOMPHYDAE108HYDROPSYCHIDAE1185

HEPTAGENEIDAE10BLEPHARICERIDAE10EPHEMERELLIIDAE227BAETIDAE814

TRICHOPTERAHYDROPSYCHIDAE5LEUCTRIDAE10TIPULIDAE25CAENIDAE614

LEPTOCERIDAE10GOMPHYDAE8BAETIDAE124LIMNAEIDAE33

RHYACOPHYLIDAE7EPHEMERELLIIDAE7CAENIDAE214CHIRONOMIDAE592

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE2RHYACOPHYLIDAE7CHIRONOMIDAE1822OLIGOCHAETA61

TIPULIDAE5GAMMARIDAE6OLIGOCHAETA61

TABANIDAE4HYDROPSYCHIDAE5

CERATOPOGONIDAE4TIPULIDAE5HEPTAGENEIDAE810

DOLICHOPODIDAE4SIMULIIDAE5LEPTOCERIDAE310

SIMULIIDAE5ELMINTHIDAE5LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE110LEUCTRIDAE110

LIMONIIDAE4BAETIDAE4HEPTAGENEIDAE2310HEPTAGENEIDAE1010GOMPHYDAE138

STRATIOMYIDAE4CAENIDAE4LEUCTRIDAE1310LEPTOCERIDAE310EPHEMERELLIIDAE37

BLEPHARICERIDAE10TABANIDAE4GOMPHYDAE28LEUCTRIDAE410HYDROPSYCHIDAE15

ODONATAGOMPHYDAE8CERATOPOGONIDAE4EPHEMERELLIIDAE107GOMPHYDAE158BAETIDAE34

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE6DOLICHOPODIDAE4RHYACOPHYLIDAE17EPHEMERELLIIDAE47CAENIDAE74

GASTROPODALIMNAEIDAE3LIMONIIDAE4GAMMARIDAE36HYDROPSYCHIDAE165TABANIDAE14

PHYSIDAE3STRATIOMYIDAE4GAMMARIDAE356HYDROPSYCHIDAE85BAETIDAE34]PHYSIDAE13

OLIGOCHAETA1LIMNAEIDAE3HYDROPSYCHIDAE35TIPULIDAE25CAENIDAE34GERRIDAE53

COLEOPTERAELMINTHIDAE5PHYSIDAE3CAENIDAE14SIMULIIDAE135TABANIDAE24CHIRONOMIDAE192

DYTISCIDAE3DYTISCIDAE3DYTISCIDAE33BAETIDAE614PHYSIDAE13

GYRINIDAE3GYRINIDAE3MYSIDAE102CAENIDAE14GYRINIDAE13

PLECOPTERALEUCTRIDAE10GERRIDAE3CHIRONOMIDAE22LIMONIIDAE84NEPIDAE13

HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE3CORIXIDAE3OLIGOCHAETA61STRATIOMYIDAE14CHIRONOMIDAE972

CORIXIDAE3NEPIDAE3LIMNAEIDAE23OLIGOCHAETA31

HETEROPTERANEPIDAE3MESOVELIIDAE3PHYSIDAE13

MESOVELIIDAE3MYSIDAE2CORIXIDAE23

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE2CHIRONOMIDAE2MESOVELIIDAE23

OLIGOCHAETA1CHIRONOMIDAE292

OLIGOCHAETA321

COMPARISON OF BIOTIC INDICES AT EVZONI

Chart2

44.5

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sample Site

Index

Comparison of Greek Index and BMWP Index at Evzoni

Sheet1

Table 4.0 Comparison of Sample Sites and Biotic Indices at Evzoni

Greek IndexBMWP Index

Evzoni44.5

Sheet1

00

Greek Index

BMWP Index


Sheet2

00

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sample Site

Index


Sheet3

Sheet3

8.57

44

44.5

00

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sampling site

Index Score


Sheet1

Table 1.0 Comparison of Sample Sites and Biotic Indices at Gorgopis

No. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreASPTLQI interpretation

Side Channel9394Good434.5Good




Sheet2

Sheet2

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sampling site

Index Score


Sheet3

The high discharge and various substrates could explain the high percentage of Hydropsychidae and Caenidae and the presence of Heptageniidae.According to both indices Evzoni is characterized as a site of good water quality.

AXIOUPOLI

R.H.S.-AXIOUPOLIHQA:52HMS:7Predominantly unmodified

RHS-AXIOUPOLIThe second site at Axioupoli was also located on a symmetrical floodplain with a channel width of about 86m and banks that reach up to 2 meters.The predominant material consists of gravel and pebbles almost at the full extent of the channel and at the reach studied, and the flow is smooth, meaning there is just a perceptible flow (glide) with disturbed rippled surface because of the wind. Runs and riffles are also reported, as well as marginal deadwaters.The vegetation in-channel consists of 4 different types limited at the banksides. Deposition features are also important such as side bars and a mid-channel one but the predominant in-channel feature is a big mature island which actually divides the river in a main channel and a side one, where extensive filamentous algae persists in an anoxic environment.

The banks have a physical profile, mostly steep, but they have also gentle parts which lead to side bars poached by animals or exploited for sand-abstraction. There are reinforcements at the toe because of gabions at various locations. On the bankfaces there are isolated trees which affect the channel moderately by their underwater and exposed roots. The banktops are bare with a road along them. Land-use beyond the banks is dominated by tall herbsand agricultural land.A major pollution source from an abattoir was recorded, also litter instream, a roadbridge, nests of birds at the eroding earth cliffs of the banks as well as dragonflies.

AXIOUPOLI Canal InTerrestrial vegetation cover was sparse. It is likely that this is a result of the substrate. However, there had been modifications to the channel flow. Gravel had been moved and disturbed the substrate.

In this section of the river, pollution was high, as a result of the abattoir discharge. The presence of freshwater plants was rare and was mainly represented by filamentous algae.

AXIOUPOLI Main flowThe presence of terrestrial vegetation was dependent upon various factors. These factors were predominantly disturbance from grazing and river flow. At certain parts of the year the side bar could be under water, as a result of higher water level. The substrate was mainly fine gravel. Water retention along the shore surface was poor.

The presence of larger macrophytes was low. Filamentous algae was predominant.

Terestrial vegetation (Axioupoli - Main flow)Herbs20%Unvegetated50%Grassees30%

AXIOUPOLI (Canal out)Further along the canal-out at Axioupoli, green slime was present.

Terrestrial plant forms were again low nearer to the riverbank, however trees were present further back.

Vegetation at the station 2 - Axioupoli

AXIOUPOLI - Station 2Tamarix africana

Salix alba http://www.ddgi.es/espais/salze.htm

Physicochemical parameters AXIOUPOLI

AXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

AXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOW

Chart1

8

1

3

4

2

1

1

axioupoli canal in

EPHEMERIDAE10AXIOUPOLI CANAL INAXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE10OLIGOCHAETA361

HEPTAGENEIDAE10EPHEMEROPTERABAETIDAECHIRONOMIDAE3512

LEPTOCERIDAE10EPHEMERELLIIDAEDOLICHOPODIDAE14

BLEPHARICERIDAE10EPHEMERIDAE

LEUCTRIDAE10LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

GOMPHYDAE8CAENIDAE

EPHEMERELLIIDAE7HEPTAGENEIDAE

RHYACOPHYLIDAE7TRICHOPTERAHYDROPSYCHIDAE

GAMMARIDAE6LEPTOCERIDAE

HYDROPSYCHIDAE5RHYACOPHYLIDAE

TIPULIDAE5DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE3512

SIMULIIDAE5TIPULIDAE

ELMINTHIDAE5TABANIDAE

BAETIDAE4CERATOPOGONIDAE

CAENIDAE4DOLICHOPODIDAE14

TABANIDAE4SIMULIIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE4LIMONIIDAE

DOLICHOPODIDAE4STRATIOMYIDAE

LIMONIIDAE4BLEPHARICERIDAE

STRATIOMYIDAE4ODONATAGOMPHYDAE

LIMNAEIDAE3AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

PHYSIDAE3GASTROPODALIMNAEIDAE

DYTISCIDAE3PHYSIDAE

GYRINIDAE3OLIGOCHAETA361

GERRIDAE3COLEOPTERAELMINTHIDAE

CORIXIDAE3DYTISCIDAE

NEPIDAE3GYRINIDAE

MESOVELIIDAE3PLECOPTERALEUCTRIDAE

MYSIDAE2HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

CHIRONOMIDAE2CORIXIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA1HETEROPTERANEPIDAE

MESOVELIIDAE

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE

axioupoli canal in

00

00

00

AXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

DOLICHOPOPIDAE0%

axioupoli main flow

EPHEMERIDAE10AXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOWAXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOW

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE10CHIRONOMIDAE82

HEPTAGENEIDAE10EPHEMEROPTERABAETIDAELIMNAEIDAE13

LEPTOCERIDAE10EPHEMERELLIIDAECAENIDAE34

BLEPHARICERIDAE10EPHEMERIDAECERATOPOGONIDAE44

LEUCTRIDAE10LEPTOPHLEBIIDAEHYDROPSYCHIDAE25

GOMPHYDAE8CAENIDAE34ELMINTHIDAE15

EPHEMERELLIIDAE7HEPTAGENEIDAEGAMMARIDAE16

RHYACOPHYLIDAE7TRICHOPTERAHYDROPSYCHIDAE25

GAMMARIDAE6LEPTOCERIDAE

HYDROPSYCHIDAE5RHYACOPHYLIDAE

TIPULIDAE5DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE82

SIMULIIDAE5TIPULIDAE

ELMINTHIDAE5TABANIDAE

BAETIDAE4CERATOPOGONIDAE44

CAENIDAE4DOLICHOPODIDAE

TABANIDAE4SIMULIIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE4LIMONIIDAE

DOLICHOPODIDAE4STRATIOMYIDAE

LIMONIIDAE4BLEPHARICERIDAE

STRATIOMYIDAE4ODONATAGOMPHYDAE

LIMNAEIDAE3AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE16

PHYSIDAE3GASTROPODALIMNAEIDAE13

DYTISCIDAE3PHYSIDAE

GYRINIDAE3OLIGOCHAETA

GERRIDAE3COLEOPTERAELMINTHIDAE15

CORIXIDAE3DYTISCIDAE

NEPIDAE3GYRINIDAE

MESOVELIIDAE3PLECOPTERALEUCTRIDAE

MYSIDAE2HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

CHIRONOMIDAE2CORIXIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA1HETEROPTERANEPIDAE

MESOVELIIDAE

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE

axioupoli main flow

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

axioupoli canal out

BAETIDAE4AXIOUPOLI CANAL OUTAXIOUPOLI CANAL OUT

BLEPHARICERIDAE10OLIGOCHAETA11

CAENIDAE4EPHEMEROPTERABAETIDAE554CHIRONOMIDAE1272

CERATOPOGONIDAE4EPHEMERELLIIDAE97BAETIDAE554

CHIRONOMIDAE2EPHEMERIDAECAENIDAE2144

CORIXIDAE3LEPTOPHLEBIIDAEHYDROPSYCHIDAE245

DOLICHOPODIDAE4CAENIDAE2144GAMMARIDAE96

DYTISCIDAE3HEPTAGENEIDAEEPHEMERELLIIDAE97

ELMINTHIDAE5TRICHOPTERAHYDROPSYCHIDAE245

EPHEMERELLIIDAE7LEPTOCERIDAE

EPHEMERIDAE10RHYACOPHYLIDAE

GAMMARIDAE6DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE1272

GERRIDAE3TIPULIDAE

GOMPHYDAE8TABANIDAE

GYRINIDAE3CERATOPOGONIDAE

HEPTAGENEIDAE10DOLICHOPODIDAE

HYDROPSYCHIDAE5SIMULIIDAE

LEPTOCERIDAE10LIMONIIDAE

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE10STRATIOMYIDAE

LEUCTRIDAE10BLEPHARICERIDAE

LIMNAEIDAE3ODONATAGOMPHYDAE

LIMONIIDAE4AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE96

MESOVELIIDAE3GASTROPODALIMNAEIDAE

MYSIDAE2PHYSIDAE

NEPIDAE3OLIGOCHAETA11

OLIGOCHAETA1COLEOPTERAELMINTHIDAE

PHYSIDAE3DYTISCIDAE

RHYACOPHYLIDAE7GYRINIDAE

SIMULIIDAE5PLECOPTERALEUCTRIDAE

STRATIOMYIDAE4HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

TABANIDAE4CORIXIDAE

TIPULIDAE5HETEROPTERANEPIDAE

MESOVELIIDAE

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE

axioupoli canal out

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

legend

BAETIDAE4Family (Order)ScoreColour

BLEPHARICERIDAE10EPHEMERIDAE10

CAENIDAE4LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE10

CERATOPOGONIDAE4HEPTAGENEIDAE10

CHIRONOMIDAE2LEPTOCERIDAE10

CORIXIDAE3BLEPHARICERIDAE10

DOLICHOPODIDAE4LEUCTRIDAE10

DYTISCIDAE3GOMPHYDAE8

ELMINTHIDAE5EPHEMERELLIIDAE7

EPHEMERELLIIDAE7RHYACOPHYLIDAE7

EPHEMERIDAE10GAMMARIDAE6

GAMMARIDAE6HYDROPSYCHIDAE5

GERRIDAE3TIPULIDAE5

GOMPHYDAE8SIMULIIDAE5

GYRINIDAE3ELMINTHIDAE5

HEPTAGENEIDAE10BAETIDAE4

HYDROPSYCHIDAE5CAENIDAE4

LEPTOCERIDAE10TABANIDAE4

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE10CERATOPOGONIDAE4

LEUCTRIDAE10DOLICHOPODIDAE4

LIMNAEIDAE3LIMONIIDAE4

LIMONIIDAE4STRATIOMYIDAE4

MESOVELIIDAE3LIMNAEIDAE3

MYSIDAE2PHYSIDAE3

NEPIDAE3DYTISCIDAE3

OLIGOCHAETA1GYRINIDAE3

PHYSIDAE3GERRIDAE3

RHYACOPHYLIDAE7CORIXIDAE3

SIMULIIDAE5NEPIDAE3

STRATIOMYIDAE4MESOVELIIDAE3

TABANIDAE4MYSIDAE2

TIPULIDAE5CHIRONOMIDAE2

OLIGOCHAETA1

AXIOUPOLI CANAL OUT

COMPARISON OF SAMPLING SITES AND BIOTIC INDICES AT AXIOUPOLI

Sheet1


No. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreL.Q.I.LQI interpretation

Side Channel38.51.5Very Poor71.5Very Poor

Upstream729.54Good294Good

Middle833.34Good374.5Good


Sheet2

Sheet2

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sampling site

Index Score


Sheet3

Sheet1


No. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreASPTLQI interpretation

Canal in2099.46Excellent1016.5Excellent

Main f low1263.14.5Good705.5Excellent

Canal out1053.85.5Excellent615.5Excellent


Sheet2

Sheet2

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sampling site

Index Score


Sheet3

In this station we observed a big difference between the three sampling sites. In channel we have a very poor water quality mainly because of the effluent of a nearby abattoir, the poor clay substrate and the absence of flow. Under those conditions only Chironomidae and some Oligochaeta can survive.

The main part of the river which is of good quality is connected to the outflow of this channel diluting and in this way decreasing the effect of the abattoir effluent. This is also proved at the third sampling site (200m downstream), where the water quality was better than the one in the first canal in site.

GORGOPI

R.H.S.-GORGOPIHQA:41HMS:22Significantly modified

RHS-GORGOPIThe third site at Gorgopi was also located on a symmetrical floodplain with a channel width of about 6m and banks that reach up to 1.70 meters. The predominant material consists of gravel, pebbles and cobbles almost at the full extent of the channel and at the reach studied, creating a variation of flow from smooth(glide) to unbroken standing waves(riffle). Runs and marginal deadwaters are also present. The vegetation in-channel consists of 2 different types limited at the banksides. No deposition features were reported. The banks have an extensively reinforced and embanked profile with parts which lead to side bars poached by animals. On the bankfaces there are clumps of trees with no underwater or exposed roots.

The banktops have a bare or uniform vegetation structure. Land-use beyond the banks is dominated by tall herbs and agricultural land.The major impact seems to be the extensive reinforcement and the litter along the channel as well as the road along the banks

GORGOPI UpstreamAt Gorgopi, the vegetation was variable. On one side of the riverbank - small vegetation was prominent such as lush grasses and small reeds. Further back the grasses were drier. On the opposite side plant vegetation was not present. This may be due to seasonal flow of the river or the type of substrate (large pebbles). Such disturbances might not be beneficial to plant establishment.

GORGOPI MiddleGorgopi - Middle slightly upstream increased in vegetation cover. High shrubs and trees were predominant on the right-hand-side of the river.

Again, similar to Gorgopi Upstream, drier conditions meant small shrubs and grasses were not growing as much.

Vegetation in the station 3 - GORGOPI

GORGOPI- Station 3Jungus articulatusPlantago coronopusAgrostis stolonifera (www.ulusoyseed.com.tr/carmen.html)

Mentha longifoliaUrtica dubia Veronica persica

Clematis articulatusVicia craccaSaponaria officinalis

Physicochemical parameters GORGOPI

Sheet1

SiteAXIOUPOLI main flowSiteAXIOUPOLI canal outSiteGORGOPI down streamSiteGORGOPI middleSiteGORGOPI side channelSiteKATANTI-ANATOLIKOSiteAXIOUPOLI canal inSiteGORGOPI upstream


Temperature (C)21.7Temperature (C)23.5Temperature (C)25Temperature (C)25.8Temperature (C)18.2Temperature (C)24.2Temperature (C)24.7Temperature (C)25.7

Temperature (C)19.8Temperature (C)21.7D.O. (mg/l)9.84D.O. (mg/l)12.07D.O. (mg/l)9.16D.O. (mg/l)8.3D.O. (mg/l)10.06D.O. (mg/l)12.4D.O. (mg/l)6.41D.O. (mg/l)7.23

D.O. (mg/l)8.78D.O. (mg/l)9.84D.O. (%)112.3D.O. (%)142.3D.O. (%)109.6D.O. (%)103.4D.O. (%)106D.O.(%)148.2D.O. (%)76.9D.O. (%)87.1

D.O. (%)96.6D.O. (%)112.3pH8.34pH8.51pH8.2pH7.9pH8.45pH8.52pH7.6pH7.7

pH8.31pH8.34Conductivity (mS/cm)405Conductivity (mS/cm)407Conductivity (mS/cm)282Conductivity (mS)291Conductivity (mS)287Conductivity481Conductivity (mS/cm) 514Conductivity (mS)298

Conductivity (mS/cm)431Conductivity (mS/cm)405T.D.S. (mg/l)258T.D.S. (mg/l)206T.D.S. (mg/l)146T.D.S. (mg/l)162T.D.S. (mg/l)145T.D.S.(mg/l)240T.D.S. (mg/l)154

T.D.S. (mg/l)218T.D.S. (mg/l)258T.D.S. (mg/l) 258

Substrate (%)Substrate (%)Substrate (%)Substrate (%)Substrate (%)Substrate (%)Substrate (%)

Substrate (%)Substrate (%)Boulders0Boulders0Boulders10Boulders0Boulders0Boulders0Boulders0

Boulders0Boulders0Cobbles0Cobbles0Cobbles40Cobbles0Cobbles0Cobbles0Substrate (%)Cobbles60

Cobbles5Cobbles0Pebbles50Pebbles90Pebbles30Pebbles0Pebbles100Pebbles0Boulders0Pebbles20

Pebbles50Pebbles50Gravel40Gravel10Gravel20Gravel0Gravel0Gravel0Cobbles0Gravel7

Gravel35Gravel40Sand10Sand0Sand0Sand0Sand0Sand0Pebbles0Sand0

Sand0Sand10Silt0Silt0Silt0Silt0Silt0Silt0Gravel0Silt20

Silt10Silt0Clay0Clay0Clay0Clay100Clay0Clay100Sand0Clay3

Clay0Clay0Silt0

Average flow (m/s)0.235Average flow (m/s)0.0925Average flow (m/s)0.06Average flow (m/s)0.92Average flow (m/s)0.55Average flow (m3/sec.)not measuredClay100Average flow (m/s)0.87

Average flow (m/s)0.97Average flow (m/s)0.235Discharge (m3/h)362.25Discharge (m3/h)29130Discharge (m3/h)20.358Discharge (m3/h)31.1Discharge (m3/h)320.76Discharge (m/h)not measuredDischarge (m3/h)28.72

Discharge (m3/h)30886.34Discharge (m3/h)362.25Width (m)55Width (m)15Width (m)1.3Width (m)6Width (m)1.2Width (m)not measuredAverage flow (m/s)0Width (m)6

Width (m)64.4Width (m)55Average depth (m)0.9Average depth (m)0.18Average depth (m)0.05Average depth (m)0.5Average depth (m)0.27Average depth (m)not measuredDischarge (m3/h)0Average depth (m)0.3

Average depth (m)0.235Average depth (m)0.9Width (m)10

Average depth (m)0.5

SiteGORGOPI upstream

Temperature (C)25.7

D.O. (mg/l)7.23

D.O. (%)87.1

pH7.7

Conductivity (mS/cm)298

T.D.S. (mg/l)154

Substrate (%)

Boulders0

Cobbles60

Pebbles20

Gravel7

Sand0

Silt20

Clay3

Average flow (m/s)0.87

Discharge (m3/h)28.72

Width (m)6


Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1







pH8.31pH8.34Conductivity (mS/cm)405Conductivity (mS/cm)407Conductivity (mS/cm)282Conductivity (mS)291Conductivity (mS/cm)287Conductivity481Conductivity (mS/cm) 514Conductivity (mS)298











Clay0Clay0Silt0








Temperature (C)25.7

D.O. (mg/l)7.23

D.O. (%)87.1

pH7.7


T.D.S. (mg/l)154

Substrate (%)

Boulders0

Cobbles60

Pebbles20

Gravel7

Sand0

Silt20

Clay3



Width (m)6


Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1







pH8.31pH8.34Conductivity (mS/cm)405Conductivity (mS/cm)407Conductivity (mS)282Conductivity (mS)291Conductivity (mS/cm)287Conductivity481Conductivity (mS/cm) 514Conductivity (mS)298











Clay0Clay0Silt0








Temperature (C)25.7

D.O. (mg/l)7.23

D.O. (%)87.1

pH7.7


T.D.S. (mg/l)154

Substrate (%)

Boulders0

Cobbles60

Pebbles20

Gravel7

Sand0

Silt20

Clay3



Width (m)6


Sheet2

Sheet3

GORGOPI UPSTREAM

GORGOPI SIDE CHANNEL

GORGOPI MIDDLE

GORGOPI DOWNSTREAM

COMPARISON OF SAMPLING SITES AND BIOTIC INDICES AT GORGOPIS

In the station we observed the influence of an inflow of excellent quality and great discharge arriving in the main stream (upstream of the pipe: good, downstream of the pipe: excellent).Moreover, it occurred a change in the substrate and the area just after the pipe was composed mainly of clay, whereas the other part of the streambed contained numerous cobbles and pebbles as well. Although clay is a very poor substrate it doesnt alter the quality of the whole site, because of the high cover of vegetation on the bank side.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS KATANTI -ANATOLIKO

Sheet1







pH8.31pH8.34Conductivity (mS/cm)405Conductivity (mS/cm)407Conductivity (mS/cm)282Conductivity (mS/cm)291Conductivity (mS/cm)287Conductivity (S)481Conductivity (mS/cm) 514Conductivity (mS/cm)298











Clay0Clay0Silt0

Average flow (m/s)0.235Average flow (m/s)0.0925Average flow (m/s)0.06Average flow (m/s)0.92Average flow (m/s)0.55Average flow (m3/sec.)0Clay100Average flow (m/s)0.87

Average flow (m/s)0.97Average flow (m/s)0.235Discharge (m3/h)362.25Discharge (m3/h)29130Discharge (m3/h)20.358Discharge (m3/h)31.1Discharge (m3/h)320.76Discharge (m/h)0Discharge (m3/h)28.72

Discharge (m3/h)30886.34Discharge (m3/h)362.25Width (m)55Width (m)15Width (m)1.3Width (m)6Width (m)1.2Width (m)15Average flow (m/s)0Width (m)6

Width (m)64.4Width (m)55Average depth (m)0.9Average depth (m)0.18Average depth (m)0.05Average depth (m)0.5Average depth (m)0.27Average depth (m)3.5Discharge (m3/h)0Average depth (m)0.3




Temperature (C)25.7

D.O. (mg/l)7.23

D.O. (%)87.1

pH7.7


T.D.S. (mg/l)154

Substrate (%)

Boulders0

Cobbles60

Pebbles20

Gravel7

Sand0

Silt20

Clay3



Width (m)6


Sheet2

Sheet3

KATANTI ANATOLIKO

Sheet1

KATANTI ANATOLIKOAXIOUPOLI - CANAL INGORGOPIS DOWNSTREAMGORGOPIS SIDE CHANNELAXIOUPOLIS- MAIN FLOWGORGOPIS UPSTREAM MIDDLE

ORDERSNO OF INDIVIDUALS%

AMPHIPODA3558.33DIPTERA35278.57ODONATA159.15DIPTERAEPHEMEROPTERA315DIPTERA

TRICHOPTERA35.00OLIGOCHAETA9621.43EPHEMEROPTERA2112.80OLIGOCHAETAAMPHIPODA15

COLEOPTERA35.00448PLECOPTERA42.44PLECOPTERAGASTROPODA15

MYSIDACEA1016.67TRICHOPTERA1911.59EPHEMEROPTERACOLEOPTERA15

OLIGOCHAETA610.00DIPTERA9960.37AMPHIPODATRICHOPTERA210

CHIRONOMIDAE23.33OLIGOCHAETA31.83ODONATADIPTERA1260

CAENIDAE11.67HETEROPTERA10.61HETEROPTERA20

TOTAL60COLEOPTERA10.61GASTROPODA

GASTROPODA10.61TRICHOPTERA

164HEMIPTERA

Sheet2


EVZONIAXIOUPOLI CANAL INAXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOWAXIOUPOLI CANAL OUTGORGOPI UPSTREAMGORGOPI MIDDLEGORGOPI DOWNSTREAMGORGOPI SIDE CHANNELKATANTI ANATOLIKO


EPHEMERELLIDAE9322410

EPHEMERIDAE3

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE1


HEPTAGENIIDAE281023


LEPTOCERIDAE3113

RHYACOPHYLIDAE1


TIPULIDAE22

TABANIDAE12

CERATOPOGONIDAE4

DOLICHOPODIDAE1

SIMULIIDAE13

LIMONIIDAE8

STRATIOMYIDAE1

BLEPHARICERIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE61310152



PHYSIDAE111



DYTISCIDAE3

GYRINIDAE1


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE5

CORIXIDAE2

HETEROPTERANEPIDAE1

MESOVELIIDAE2

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE10

EYZONI

EYZONI

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

GOMPHIDAE2%

gorgopi up

2

6

5

118

81

61

3

59

6

gorgopi middle

810

310

110

138

37

15

34

74

14

13

53

192

gorgopi downstream

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

6

gorgopi side chanel

1

10

3

4

15

4

16

3

3

2

1

1

1

97

3

katanti anatliko

23

13

2

10

1

3

8

2

13

61

1

8

1

2

1

2

2

29

32

katanti

35

3

1

3

2

6

Sheet3

356

35

14

33

22

61


























GYRINIDAE3GYRINIDAE3CHIRONOMIDAE22CAENIDAE14GYRINIDAE13

PLECOPTERALEUCTRIDAE10GERRIDAE3OLIGOCHAETA61LIMONIIDAE84NEPIDAE13

HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE3CORIXIDAE3STRATIOMYIDAE14CHIRONOMIDAE972






OLIGOCHAETA321

COMPARISON OF BIOTIC INDICES AT KATANTI-ANATOLIKOKatanti- AnatolikoindexComparison of Greek index and ASPT at Katanti- Anatoliko

Chart1

3.5

2

Chart3

3.5

2

Sheet1

GR INDEX3.5

ASPT2

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1


No. of BMWP taxaGreek ScoreGreek IndexQualityBMWP ScoreL.Q.I.LQI interpretation

Side Channel517.53.5Moderate152Poor




Sheet2

Sheet2

Greek Index

BMWP Index

Sampling site

Index Score


Sheet3

The poor quality of this part of the river could be explained by the fact that it is towards the end of the river and so all the diffused pollution is accumulated at this point. Furthermore there is clay substrate, low flow and high conductivity which also contribute to the degradation of the sites quality.

ORDERS AND FAMILIES IN EACH STATION

Sheet1

EVZONI

ORDERSFAMILIES

EPHEMEROPTERABAETIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE

TRICHOPTERAHYDROPSYCHIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

GASTROPODALIMNAEIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

ORDERSFAMILIES

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

DOLICHOPODIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL OUT

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOW

ORDERSFAMILIES

EPHEMEROPTERACAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


COLEOPTERAELMINTHIDAE

GORGOPI UPSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

GASTROPODAPHYSIDAE

PLECOPTERALEUCTRIDAE

HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

GORGOPI MIDDLE

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

EPHEMERIDAE

CAENIDAE

TRICHOPTERALEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


GORGOPI DOWNSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

COLEOPTERAGYRINIDAE


HETEROPTERANEPIDAE


ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


RHYACOPHYLIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

SIMULIIDAE

LIMONIIDAE

STRATIOMYIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


PHYSIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


HEMIPTERACORIXIDAE

HETEROPTERAMESOVELIIDAE

KATANTI- ANATOLIKO

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

COLEOPTERADYTISCIDAE

Sheet2





EPHEMERIDAE3

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE1


HEPTAGENIIDAE281023


LEPTOCERIDAE3113

RHYACOPHYLIDAE1


TIPULIDAE22

TABANIDAE12

CERATOPOGONIDAE4

DOLICHOPODIDAE1

SIMULIIDAE13

LIMONIIDAE8

STRATIOMYIDAE1

BLEPHARICERIDAE




PHYSIDAE111



DYTISCIDAE3

GYRINIDAE1


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE5

CORIXIDAE2

HETEROPTERANEPIDAE1

MESOVELIIDAE2

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE10

EYZONI

EYZONI

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

GOMPHIDAE2%

gorgopi up

2

6

5

118

81

61

3

59

6

gorgopi middle

810

310

110

138

37

15

34

74

14

13

53

192

gorgopi downstream

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

6

gorgopi side chanel

1

10

3

4

15

4

16

3

3

2

1

1

1

97

3

katanti anatliko

23

13

2

10

1

3

8

2

13

61

1

8

1

2

1

2

2

29

32

katanti

35

3

1

3

2

6

Sheet3

356

35

14

33

22

61


































OLIGOCHAETA321

Sheet1

EVZONI

ORDERSFAMILIES


CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

ORDERSFAMILIES

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

DOLICHOPODIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL OUT

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOW

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE



GORGOPI UPSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

GASTROPODAPHYSIDAE


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

GORGOPI MIDDLE

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

EPHEMERIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


GORGOPI DOWNSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

COLEOPTERAGYRINIDAE


HETEROPTERANEPIDAE


ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


RHYACOPHYLIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

SIMULIIDAE

LIMONIIDAE

STRATIOMYIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


PHYSIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


HEMIPTERACORIXIDAE


KATANTI- ANATOLIKO

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


Sheet2





EPHEMERIDAE3

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE1


HEPTAGENIIDAE281023


LEPTOCERIDAE3113

RHYACOPHYLIDAE1


TIPULIDAE22

TABANIDAE12

CERATOPOGONIDAE4

DOLICHOPODIDAE1

SIMULIIDAE13

LIMONIIDAE8

STRATIOMYIDAE1

BLEPHARICERIDAE




PHYSIDAE111



DYTISCIDAE3

GYRINIDAE1


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE5

CORIXIDAE2

HETEROPTERANEPIDAE1

MESOVELIIDAE2

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE10

EYZONI

EYZONI

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

GOMPHIDAE2%

gorgopi up

2

6

5

118

81

61

3

59

6

gorgopi middle

810

310

110

138

37

15

34

74

14

13

53

192

gorgopi downstream

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

6

gorgopi side chanel

1

10

3

4

15

4

16

3

3

2

1

1

1

97

3

katanti anatliko

23

13

2

10

1

3

8

2

13

61

1

8

1

2

1

2

2

29

32

katanti

35

3

1

3

2

6

Sheet3

356

35

14

33

22

61


































OLIGOCHAETA321

Sheet1

EVZONI

ORDERSFAMILIES


CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

ORDERSFAMILIES

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

DOLICHOPODIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL OUT

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOW

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE



GORGOPI UPSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

GASTROPODAPHYSIDAE


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

GORGOPI MIDDLE

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

EPHEMERIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


GORGOPI DOWNSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

COLEOPTERAGYRINIDAE


HETEROPTERANEPIDAE


ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


RHYACOPHYLIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

SIMULIIDAE

LIMONIIDAE

STRATIOMYIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


PHYSIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


HEMIPTERACORIXIDAE


KATANTI- ANATOLIKO

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


Sheet2





EPHEMERIDAE3

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE1


HEPTAGENIIDAE281023


LEPTOCERIDAE3113

RHYACOPHYLIDAE1


TIPULIDAE22

TABANIDAE12

CERATOPOGONIDAE4

DOLICHOPODIDAE1

SIMULIIDAE13

LIMONIIDAE8

STRATIOMYIDAE1

BLEPHARICERIDAE




PHYSIDAE111



DYTISCIDAE3

GYRINIDAE1


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE5

CORIXIDAE2

HETEROPTERANEPIDAE1

MESOVELIIDAE2

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE10

EYZONI

EYZONI

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

GOMPHIDAE2%

gorgopi up

2

6

5

118

81

61

3

59

6

gorgopi middle

810

310

110

138

37

15

34

74

14

13

53

192

gorgopi downstream

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

6

gorgopi side chanel

1

10

3

4

15

4

16

3

3

2

1

1

1

97

3

katanti anatliko

23

13

2

10

1

3

8

2

13

61

1

8

1

2

1

2

2

29

32

katanti

35

3

1

3

2

6

Sheet3

356

35

14

33

22

61


































OLIGOCHAETA321

Sheet1

EVZONI

ORDERSFAMILIES


CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

ORDERSFAMILIES

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

DOLICHOPODIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL OUT

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOW

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE



GORGOPI UPSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

GASTROPODAPHYSIDAE


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

GORGOPI MIDDLE

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

EPHEMERIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


GORGOPI DOWNSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

COLEOPTERAGYRINIDAE


HETEROPTERANEPIDAE


ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


RHYACOPHYLIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

SIMULIIDAE

LIMONIIDAE

STRATIOMYIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


PHYSIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


HEMIPTERACORIXIDAE


KATANTI- ANATOLIKO

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA


Sheet2





EPHEMERIDAE3

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE1


HEPTAGENIIDAE281023


LEPTOCERIDAE3113

RHYACOPHYLIDAE1


TIPULIDAE22

TABANIDAE12

CERATOPOGONIDAE4

DOLICHOPODIDAE1

SIMULIIDAE13

LIMONIIDAE8

STRATIOMYIDAE1

BLEPHARICERIDAE




PHYSIDAE111



DYTISCIDAE3

GYRINIDAE1


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE5

CORIXIDAE2

HETEROPTERANEPIDAE1

MESOVELIIDAE2

MYSIDACEAMYSIDAE10

EYZONI

EYZONI

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

GOMPHIDAE2%

gorgopi up

2

6

5

118

81

61

3

59

6

gorgopi middle

810

310

110

138

37

15

34

74

14

13

53

192

gorgopi downstream

3

11

5

10

22

2

12

21

182

6

gorgopi side chanel

1

10

3

4

15

4

16

3

3

2

1

1

1

97

3

katanti anatliko

23

13

2

10

1

3

8

2

13

61

1

8

1

2

1

2

2

29

32

katanti

35

3

1

3

2

6

Sheet3

356

35

14

33

22

61


































OLIGOCHAETA321

Sheet1

EVZONI

ORDERSFAMILIES


CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE


OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL IN

ORDERSFAMILIES

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

DOLICHOPODIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI CANAL OUT

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA

AXIOUPOLI MAIN FLOW

ORDERSFAMILIES



DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE

AMPHIPODAGAMMARIDAE



GORGOPI UPSTREAM

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

CAENIDAE

HEPTAGENIIDAE


LEPTOCERIDAE

DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TABANIDAE

ODONATAGOMPHIDAE

GASTROPODAPHYSIDAE


HEMIPTERAGERRIDAE

GORGOPI MIDDLE

ORDERSFAMILIES


EPHEMERELLIDAE

EPHEMERIDAE

CAENIDAE


DIPTERACHIRONOMIDAE

TIPULIDAE

ODONATAG

corinthia- net.gr/ecology/axios.htm

Documents

axios river system

study areathe axios

river habitat survey

lowland river sites

greek territory

water quality

axios estuary

european union lazaridou