coreano avanzado

8/7/2019 Coreano avanzado

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Pgina | 1

Advanced Grammar

Advanced Grammar

Comparatives & Superlatives

Imperatives - ,

Have to -

Allowed to -

I like doing - ,

I think - ~ (Opinion)

I think - (General)

Special Expressions

Are you doing? - ~ ? [Informal]

Are you doing? - ~ ? [Polite]

Are we doing? - / ?

To do something - ~

Try doing -

Of course, I've done it before -

Give the favour of doing -

Would you like to go? - ?

Shall we do something? - ?

It's cold, isn't it? - ?

Let's do it -

Easy to do / Difficult to do - ~ / ~

I know how -

I'm in the habit of - ~ ~

Miscellaneous

Addressing people
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Pronunciation

Comparatives & Superlatives Comparatives [~ ]

~ is used to compare two persons or things. The person/thing that is referring to is the one that comes after "~er than" inEnglish. The "~ " phrase can also come before a subject. So the sentences below have the same meaning.

Note: / particles are more frequently used than / particles, and in the spoken Korean, almost exclusively / are used.

= I am taller than (my) younger sibling. = "I" am taller than (my) younger sibling. = I am taller than (my) younger sibling. = I am taller than (my) younger sibling. [spoken form] = I am taller than (my) younger sibling. [formal spoken form]

= than younger sibling= younger sibling

= height= big

= tall = short

= I= changes to before / = the honorific form of used in formal expressions

is usually added before an adjective. = more

More examples

= Man is cleverer than an animal. = The Nile River is longer than the Amazon River. = Iron is stronger than copper. = Blood is thicker than water.

= Jinsu is faster than Jinho. = My older brother does it better than me. = I like rice more than bread.

Superlatives [ ]

is added before an adjective to make it a superlative.

= Jinsu is the fastest = The cheetah is the fastest among the land animals. = Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. = Pizza is the most delicious food in the world. = The most beautiful thing is love. [formal spoken form] (Nouns - Present, Past )

= world= delicious= delicious [descriptive form] Adjectives - Descriptive

= beautiful [descriptive form]

= thing
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Imperatives Imperatives - ,

Imperative Positive Negative

Informal

Formal

Honorific

The informal form is used among very close friends or when talking to a younger person who is very close to you in informalsituations.

The formal form and the honorific form are used in formal situations. However, if I were to choose which one to use, I would choosethe honorific form because the formal form is a bit casual-ish. It is safe to use the honorific form if you are unsure which one to use.

Note: The honorific form of verbs is present in Korean such as:

= eat = sleep = die, pass away

's honorific form is . It is usually used when talking to people above your age or in formal situations.

Rules

Informal positive (Imperative) = Present positive (spoken Korean)

! = Do! ! = Go over there! (Leave me alone!) . = Eat some of these snacks. . = Drink some water.

Informal negative = Take off a plain form of verbs and attach to it.

! = Don't go! ! = Don't watch this movie! . = Don't eat this. . = Don't read this book.

Formal positive and negative = Attach to informal forms

Honorific positive =1. Take off a plain form of verbs and then attach to verbs without a final consonant.2. Attach to verbs with a final consonant.3. For verbs with a final consonant of , drop it off and attach to it.

! = Please go!

. = Please come here. ! = Please leave quickly! . = Please eat already.
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. = Please catch the fish with your hands. ! = Please wave your hands! ( = wave) ! = Please turn round and round! ( = turn round, spin)

Honorific negative = Take off a plain form of verbs and attach .

! = Please don't fool around!

. = Please don't go to that place. (Keep away from that place.) . = Please don't touch things in the museum.

Have to - Have to -

Informal form

Informal Have to Had to

Written

Spoken

Informal Don't have to Didn't have to

Written

Spoken

Note: The words in bold are the more commonly used alternative of the two in each box.

Rules 1. Attach / / / etc. to the informal spoken form of verbs. Verbs - Present, Past

= have to do = have to go = have to come = have to see = have to eat = have to drink

2. Take off a plain form of verbs and then attach / / etc. to it.

= don't have to do = don't have to go = don't have to come = don't have to see = don't have to eat = don't have to drink

3. Attach and / to the front and back of the informal spoken form of verbs respectively. Verbs - Present,Past

= don't have to do = don't have to go
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= don't have to come = don't have to see = don't have to eat = don't have to drink

Example sentences Written Form

. = Seong-min has to go to Seoul today. . = Min-ju doesn't have to go to school tomorrow. = Because of her sickness, Ashley had to take (lit. eat) medicine everyday last year.

Spoken Form

= I have to finish the science assignment by this Thursday. = Because Ashley has been healed now, she doesn't have go to the hospital. = If the chillies are too spicy, you don't have to eat them.

Formal form

Formal Have to Had to

Written

Spoken

Formal Don't have to Didn't have to

Written

.

Spoken

Note: The rules for the conjugation are the same as above.

Example sentences Written Form

. = Seong-min has to go to Seoul today. . = Min-ju doesn't have to go to school tomorrow. = Because of her sickness, Ashley had to take (lit. eat) medicine everyday last

year.

Spoken Form

= I have to finish the science assignment by this Thursday. = Because Ashley has been healed now, she doesn't have go to the hospital. = If the chillies are too spicy, you don't have to eat them.


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Allowed to - Allowed to -

Informal Form

Informal are allowed to were allowed to

Written

Spoken

Informal aren't allowed to weren't allowed to

Written

Spoken

Note:

means "allowed to do" and means "don't have to do," NOT "not allowed to do." This needs someexplanations.

First of all, means "ok or allowed." literally means "doing is ok." literally means "not doing" therefore literally means "not doing is ok" which means "don't have to do."

means "not allowed to do." literally means "if I do" and means "not ok" therefore literally means "if Ido it, it's not ok" which can be expressed as "not allowed to do"

Compare this with Have to -

However, you don't have to know these explanations to use them. Actually, I've never thought about why these mean what theymean until today. The best way to learn them is to use them frequently until they become memorised.

Rules

1. Attach / / / to the positive informal spoken form of verbs Verbs - Present, Past

= allowed to do = allowed to go = allowed to see = allowed to hear = allowed to eat = allowed to drink = allowed to run = allowed to sit

= allowed to play/muck around

2a. Take off a plain form of verbs without a final consonant and attach / / / to it.(Includes verbs with as a final consonant)

= aren't allowed to do = aren't allowed to go = aren't allowed to dance = aren't allowed to play/muck around = aren't allowed to push = aren't allowed to spin

2b. Take off a plain form of verbs with a final consonant and attach / / / to it.

= aren't allowed to eat
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= aren't allowed to sit = aren't allowed to hide = aren't allowed to catch = aren't allowed to pick up = aren't allowed to fold

Exceptions

= aren't allowed to listen = aren't allowed to walk

Example sentences Written form

= At a buffet (restaurant), people are allowed to eat as much as they want. = Those who have finished the exam can go home. . = It is not allowed to speak loudly in the library. . = Infants are not allowed to eat solid food. = Until last year, students were allowed to use a stall vending machine.

Spoken form

TV = You are allowed to watch TV. (You can watch TV.) = You are allowed to eat this cake. (You can eat this cake,) = You are not allowed to buy alcohol and tobacco. = Until yesterday, I was allowed to muck around. = Until last year, people were not allowed to enter the Victoria park.

Formal Form

Formal are allowed to were allowed to

Written

Spoken

Formal aren't allowed to weren't allowed to

Written

Spoken

Note: The rules are the same as above.

Example sentences Written form

= At a buffet (restaurant), people are allowed to eat as much as they want. = Those who have finished the exam can go home. . = It is not allowed to speak loudly in the library. . = Infants are not allowed to eat solid food. = Until last year, students were allowed to use a stall vending machine.


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Spoken form

TV = You are allowed to watch TV. (You can watch TV.) = You are allowed to eat this cake. (You can eat this cake,) = You are not allowed to buy alcohol and tobacco. = Until yesterday, I was allowed to muck around. = Until last year, people were not allowed to enter the Victoria park.

I like doing - , I like doing -

is a contracted form of ( ) means "doing" and if you remember, " / " is an identifier particle. I'd also like to call it a specificity particle.

For example,

= I like eating a sandwich at lunch (among a variety of things to eat at lunch, a sandwich is mychoice)

= I like living in the country (Although I could live in the city or urban area, I like living in the country)

means two things

1. I like 2. It's good

Usually, its meaning is "I like doing" in spoken Korean. In written Korean, " " is more likely to mean "it's good to dosomething." However, the meaning depends on the context.

Informal Positive Negative

Written

Spoken

Formal Positive Negative

Written

Spoken

Note: The words in bold are the more commonly used alternatives of the two in each box.

Rules 1. Take off a plain form of verbs and then attach 2. If a verb has a final consonant of , it is omitted.

= I like doing, it's good to do = I like eating, it's good to eat = I like watching, it's good to watch = I like listening, it's good to listen = I like walking, it's good to walk = I like writing, it's good to write = I like reading, it's good to read
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= I like making, it's good to make = I like living, it's good to live = I like wrapping, it's good to wrap

Example sentences

= I like exercising. It's good to exercise. = I like going to the beach at weekends. It's good to go to the beach at weekends.

= On a Friday night, I like eating pizza. On a Friday night, it's good to eat pizza. = When I'm bored, I like watching movies. When you're bored, it's good to watch movies.

I like doing -

is a contracted form of and is an object particle. just means "I like doing"

Informal Positive Negative

Written

Spoken

Formal Positive Negative

Written

Spoken

Note: is a contracted form of .

Rules are the same as above.

= I like doing = I like eating = I like watching = I like listening = I like walking = I like writing = I like reading = I like making = I like living = I like wrapping

Example sentences

= I don't like exercising. = I like going to the beach at weekends. = On a Friday night, I like eating pizza. = When I'm bored, I like watching movies.


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I think - ~ (Opinion) I think - ~ (Opinion)

is usually used when you are expressing your opinion on something like what people should and shouldn't do and whatpeople should and should not be allowed to do etc.

Refer to Have to - , Allowed to - and I like doing - , to learn following examples.

Rules

Attach to the present informal written form of verbs. eg.

= I think we should do it. = I think it's OK to go to a park. = I think it's good to drink milk

Note: = , =

Example sentences

.= I think people should go to bed early at night and get up early in themorning.

. = I think people should eat a lot of fruits and vegetables to becomehealthy.

TV = I think it's allowable to watch a lot of TV. = I think it's not acceptable to be late for an appointment = I think it's good to read a lot of books. = I think it's not good to drink a lot of soft drinks.

Posted by Luke at 6/24/2009 09:13:00 PM Labels: Grammar

3 comments:

..

Thanks for another useful post!

This sentence pattern can only be used to express what I think, right? What do I do if I want to say what someone else thinks? WouldI use the - pattern? Or can I do something like this:

, .

(I'm trying to say, "My friend thinks that I should eat more/a lot of fruit." A more literal translation might be, "In my friend's opinion, Ishould eat more/a lot of fruit.")

I'm not sure, so please correct my mistakes! Thank you in advance!

2:43 AM, July 02, 2009

ke said...
http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/have-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/have-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/have-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/have-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/have-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/have-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/allowed-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/allowed-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/allowed-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/allowed-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/allowed-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/allowed-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.html?showComment=1246459435460#c8139638618811535930http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=37101546&postID=6808092354663990561http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.html?showComment=1246459435460#c8139638618811535930http://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-like-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/allowed-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/have-to.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.html


11/34

Pgina | 11

When talking about a third person's opinion, changes to , and is a contracted form of .

For eg.have to go = = .

or

=

is more commonly used than in spoken Korean.

Have to - / Allowed to - They/he/she like(s) doing or It's good to -

. = My friend (thinks/told me) that I should eat a lot of fruit.

. = The P. E. teacher (thinks/told me) that it's good to do a lot of physical exercise.

[BTW = The P. E. teacher likes doing a lot of exercise.][ is an honorific form of ]

Like what you did in your example, you can add .

.

I've also noticed that your sentence contained both formal and informal forms. is formal and is informal. Watch theseout! It is very easy to mix them up, I know.

. or

.

Thank you again for bringing it up! It makes me to think about subtle grammar points!

9:59 AM, July 02, 2009

Juanita said...

Thank you so much! I couldn't find this anywhere! Yes, I need to watch out for the formal and informal forms. Actually, I originallytyped " " at the end of my example sentence, but I must have erased it by mystake before publishing my comment. Oops!

I think - (General) I think - (General)

[Verbs]

Written Form Present Past

Positive

Negative

Spoken Form Present Past
http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.html?showComment=1246485581695#c4070866797238560207http://www.blogger.com/profile/03845854492895104097http://www.blogger.com/profile/03845854492895104097http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03845854492895104097http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03845854492895104097http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-opinion.html?showComment=1246485581695#c4070866797238560207


12/34

Pgina | 12

Positive

Negative

Note: In spoken Korean, is pronounced as for the ease of pronunciation.

Rules

1. Take off a plain form of verbs and attach / etc. to it. 2. Drop off a plain form of verbs that have as a final consonant. 3. Take off a past tense form of verbs and attach / etc. to it.

= I think they do = I think they eat = I think they get up = I think they sleep = I think they watch = I think they wash

= I think they run = I think they muck around = I think they live

= I think they did = I think they ate = I think they watched = I think they lived = I think they mucked around

Example Sentences

= I think people are playing soccer over there. = I think this dog lived in that kennel. = I think this dog used to live in that kennel. = I think a baby is sleeping in that room. = I think I don't eat (a meal) fast .

[Adjectives]


Positive

Negative


Positive

Negative


13/34

Pgina | 13

Rules

1. Attach a descriptive form of adjectives to . 2. Take off a past tense form of adjectives and attach .

= I think it's good = I think there's a lot = I think it's big = I think it's small = I think it's pretty = I think he's clever = I think she's honest = I think it was good

= I think it was delicious = I think it was fun = I think it was easy = I think there was a lot

Example sentences

= I think Thai food is delicious = I think this house is enormously big. = I think the maths test was really easy. = According to my memory, I think there were a lot of flowers on that hill.

[Nouns]


Positive Negative


Positive ( )

Negative ( ) ( )

Note: The object particle, / , is usually omitted in spoken Korean. is also usually omitted.

's original meaning is "look like." Therefore, phrases can have alternative translations but essentially they mean the samething.

= I think they're doing. It looks like they're doing. = I think it's pretty. It looks pretty. = I think it's a chicken. It looks like a chicken (food).

Rules

Attach / / / to a noun.


14/34

Pgina | 14

( ) = I think it's a puppy (It looks like a puppy) ( ) = I think it's a cat ( ) = I think it's a cuckoo ( ) = I think it's a tree ( ) = I think it's a person ( ) = I think it's a school

Example sentences

: ? = Do you know what that animal is? : . = I think that is a lion. (That looks like a lion) : . . = I don't think that is a lion. I think it's a tiger. : ? ? = Is it? Then what is that over there afar? : . . = I don't think it's a human. I think it's an animal. : . = It's a chimpanzee. : . = I thought that was a chimpanzee. (It looked like a chimpanzee)

Note: 's past tense is and so = I thought it was a cat.

Formal Forms

Rules

Written Korean = Change to .Spoken Korean = Attach to the end of a sentence.eg.

= I think Thai food is delicious = I think this house is enormously big. = I think the maths test was really easy. = According to my memory, I think there were a lot of flowers on that hill.

They/he/she think(s) = ~

is a shortened form of and it is used to express what they/he/she think(s). is usually used in spoken Korean.Attach to to make it formal.

= Grandma thinks this dog lived in that kennel. = Grandma thinks this dog used tolive in that kennel.

= Mum thinks a baby is sleeping in that room. = My friend thinks I eat (a meal) fast .

= Paul thinks Thai food is delicious = According to my younger (brother/sister)'s memory, He/she thinks there

were a lot of flowers on that hill.

( ) = They/he/she think(s) it's a puppy (It looks like a puppy) ( ) = They/he/she think(s) it's a cat

Posted by Luke at 6/25/2009 11:55:00 AM Labels: Advanced Grammar , Grammar

7 comments:

said...
http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Advanced%20Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Advanced%20Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Advanced%20Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=37101546&postID=3466108824470745489http://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Advanced%20Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2009/06/i-think-general.html


15/34

Pgina | 15

Thanks. I've been wondering about this for a while.

2:32 AM, June 28, 2009

anita said...

This is very useful! Thank you! However, I have a question? Is the short form of ?

1:59 PM, June 30, 2009

Luke said...

No, is not the short form of .

But whereas is used to express what "I" think, is used to express what "they/he/she think(s)" when talking to someone.

And is usually shortened to in spoken Korean.

For eg, . = Minsu thinks I'm tall.

= Sarah thinks that Transformers is fun.

. = Jun-min thinks that the last seminar was successful.

3:59 PM, July 01, 2009

Luke said...

Thank you for bring it up, Juanita! I've added an additional explanation on .

4:41 PM, July 01, 2009

Special Expression

Are you doing? - ~ ? [Informal]

Are you doing? - ~ ?

is commonly used in situations where you see somebody doing something and you want to ask them what they are doing.Again, can only be used when you are actually watching somebody doing something, and you want to ask them what theyare doing.

Rule

Take off a plain verb and add ?

? = Are you doing? ? = Are you going? ? = Are you reading? ? = Are you watching? ? = Are you writing? ? = Are you eating?
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16/34

Pgina | 16

? = Are you drinking? ? = Are you sleeping? ? = Are you sending?

Eg.

? = Are you working? ? = Are you doing school homework?

? = Are you having lunch? ? = Are you going home? ? = Are you going to church? ? = Are you drinking water? ? = Are you watching a movie? ? = Are you writing an essay? ? = Are you sending a txt message? ? = Are you sleeping already?

You can add , , , , or [when, where, who, what, how or why] in front of ~ ? to make thesesentences.

? = What are you doing? ? = What are you reading? ? = What are you watching? ? = What are you writing? ? = What are you eating? ? = What are you drinking? ? = What are you sending? ? = Where are you going? ? = Who is sleeping? ? = Who is doing? ? = How are you writing?

? = Why are you doing?

Are you doing? - ~ ? [Polite] Are you doing? - ~ ? [Polite]

is commonly used in situations where you want to ask somebody what they're doing.

can only used when you're actually seeing somebody doing something, and you want to ask them what they are doing.

Rule

Take off a plain verb and add ?

? = Are you doing? ? = Are you going? ? = Are you reading? ? = Are you watching? ? = Are you writing? ? = Are you eating? ? = Are you drinking? ? = Are you sleeping? ? = Are you sending?

Note: Irregular verbs

? NOT ?
http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.html


17/34

Pgina | 17

? NOT ? ? NOT ?

Eg.

? = Are you working? ? = Are you having lunch? ? = Are you going home?

? = Are you going to church? ? = Are you drinking water? ? = Are you watching a movie? ? = Are you writing an essay? ? = Are you sending a txt message? ? = Are you sleeping already?


? = What are you doing?

? = What are you reading? ? = What are you watching? ? = What are you writing? ? = What are you eating? ? = What are you drinking? ? = What are you sending? ? = Where are you going? ? = Who is sleeping? ? = Who is doing? ? = How are you writing? ? = Why are you doing?

Are we doing? - / ?Are we doing? - / ?

/ ? is usually used when you want to ask someone what you (both singular and plural) are doing, or will be doingimmediately.

For example, when you are in a group of people who are doing things as a group, and you want to ask a leader of the group whatyou all will be doing.

? = Are we going there? [Informal] ? = Are we going there? [Polite]

Note: ? = Are you/we doing?HOWEVER, the polite form of "Are you doing?" usually uses " ?" whereas the polite form of "Are we doing?" uses "

?"See Are you doing? - ~ ? , Are you doing? - ~ ?

Rule

Take off a plain verb and add / ?

/ ? = Are we doing? / ? = Are we going? / ? = Are we reading?
http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/are-you-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/are-you-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/are-you-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/are-you-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/are-you-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-you-doing-polite.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/are-you-doing.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/are-we-doing.html


18/34

Pgina | 18

/ ? = Are we watching? / ? = Are we writing? / ? = Are we eating? / ? = Are we drinking? / ? = Are we sleeping? / ? = Are we sending?

Example Sentences

? = Are (we) exercising? ? = Are (we) going there? ? = Are (we) going by this car? ? = Are (we) eating this? ? = Are (we) eating with this? ? = Are (we) sleeping here? ? = Are (we) watching that movie today? ? = Are (we) watching with this?


? = What are we doing today? ? = What are (we) reading? ? = What are (we) watching? ? = What are (we) writing? ? = What are (we) eating? ? = What are (we) drinking? ? = What are (we) sending? ? = Where are (we) going? ? = Where are (we) sleeping? ? = Who is doing? ? = How are (we) writing? ? = Why are (we) doing?

More Example Sentences

? = Where are we going? , . = Ah, we're going to the city. ? = Are (we) going by this car? , . = Yes, please get in. ? = What will we eat? Verbs - Future [Will] . ? = We will eat spaghetti. Do you like it? , . = Yes, I like it.

To do something - ~ To do something - ~

This is the expression used to show that you purpose to do something. For example,

= To go to college, Abraham studied hard.

In the sentence above, the reason why Abraham studied hard is because he's purposed to go to college.

= To eat lunch, we went into the restaurant.
http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/08/verbs-will.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/08/verbs-will.html


19/34

Pgina | 19

We went into the restaurant because we'd purposed to eat lunch.

Therefore, the clause containing ~ is the reason for doing something revealed in the rest of the sentence.

Rules

Add to a nominalized verb. Also see (Nouns - Nominalizing Verbs )

= To read

= To write = To listen = To speak = To go = To come = To watch = To eat = To sleep = To run = To buy = To sell = To stand

= To sit = To live = To die

Eg.

. = To read Korean words, I studied Korean. . = To see the Statue of Liberty, we went to New York. . = To go to the Philippines, she bought a flight ticket. = Ruth, who arrived in Judah, to support her mother-in-law, she worked. (An

excerpt from )

= Korean (writing)= Korean (language)

= The Statue of Liberty= The Philippines

= flight ticket= Judah

= Ruth= Mother-in-law

= support = To support

Posted by Luke at 9/07/2008 01:46:00 PM Labels: Grammar , Special Expressions

4 comments:

said...

Thank you so much for the lessons! I haven`t come across one like this yet..you`re so generous for making it free foreverybody..again you`re doing a good job!

4:13 AM, October 01, 2008

ke said...
http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/nouns-nominalizing-verbs.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/nouns-nominalizing-verbs.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/nouns-nominalizing-verbs.htmlhttp://www.joybook.com/dongwha/data/D/DA/DA00010/book.swfhttp://www.joybook.com/dongwha/data/D/DA/DA00010/book.swfhttp://www.joybook.com/dongwha/data/D/DA/DA00010/book.swfhttp://www.joybook.com/dongwha/data/D/DA/DA00010/book.swfhttp://www.joybook.com/dongwha/data/D/DA/DA00010/book.swfhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Special%20Expressionshttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Special%20Expressionshttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Special%20Expressionshttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.html?showComment=1222787580000#c3342108695130121355http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=37101546&postID=4101037578111458852http://www.blogger.com/profile/12870381040575333203http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.html?showComment=1222787580000#c3342108695130121355http://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Special%20Expressionshttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/search/label/Grammarhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/purpose-to-do-something.htmlhttp://www.joybook.com/dongwha/data/D/DA/DA00010/book.swfhttp://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/nouns-nominalizing-verbs.html


20/34

Pgina | 20

Thank you! I appreciate your comment.I hope you're getting most out of my lessons.

And if there is any grammar or phrase that you'd l ike to know more about, please leave it in your comment.

12:47 PM, October 01, 2008

Anonymous said...

thank you so much... i really learn from this... could you please when and how to use "hal teh" because if ofter hear it but i dont knowthe meaning....

12:35 AM, January 16, 2009

Luke said...

basically means, "when I do something."

= When I study, I listen to music.

Please refer to "Conjunctions - When"http://parksguide.blogspot.com/2008/09/conjunctions-when.html

Try doing - ~ Try doing - ~

means "see" and ~ is a special expression which means "try doing". This expression is used very commonly inordinary conversations.

Rule

Add to a spoken form of a verb. (Verbs - Present, Past )

= try doing = try going = try eating = try drinking = try reading = try listening = try buying = try sitting = try seeing/looking/watching = try going up = try playing (the instrument)

The tables below is showing the written and spoken forms, and their respective positive and negative forms. Remember that theplain form of verbs is the most basic from which many other forms of verbs derive and the plain form itself is rarely used in bothwritten and spoken Korean. I have omitted the present negatives for both written and spoken forms because people never use it inthis way. Instead of saying, "don't try eating", people would say, "don't eat" which is . There are two ways of expressing pastnegatives and one is more common than the other. " ~" form is more commonly used.
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Factual/Declarative (Written)

Plain Present Past

Positive

Negative

Dialogue/Conversation (Spoken)

Plain Present Past

Positive

Negative

Eg.

. = Anna tried eating Chinese food. . = Charles tried reading Jonathan Edwards' book.

= Because I tried eating it before, I tried buying a coconut again. (Conjunctions - Because, So )

= in the past, before= again

! = Try listening to this music! ! = Try drinking this tea! . . = Try going up this hill! And try looking at the blue sky!

? = Tried going to Germany? (= Have you been to Germany?) ? = Tried sitting on this old sofa? ? = Tried playing the piano?

Formal Form Refer to Verbs - Formal [Present, Past]

Eg. Written Form

= try eating = tried eating = haven't tried eating = haven't tried eating

Spoken Form

= try eating = tried eating = haven't tried eating = haven't tried eating

Of course, I've done it before - (Of course), I've done it (before) - ( ) ( )

= Of course= before
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= I've done it

Usually, when we use , and are implied and omitted. So if I say, " ," it means, " (Of course), I'veplayed soccer (before). "

When is used as a question like " ?" , it means, "You have played soccer before, haven't you?"

is a formal form and is an informal form.is a contracted form of .

Eg.

. = (Of course), I've played soccer (before). [Informal] ? = You have played soccer (before), haven't you? [Informal]

Usually, form is used as an answer to a question.

Eg.

? = Have you played soccer (before)? = (Of course), I've played soccer (before). = (Of course), I haven't played soccer (before).

Alternative answers

( ), = (Yea), I've played soccer (before). ( ), = (No), I haven't played soccer (before).

References: Try doing - , It's cold, isn't it? - ?

Rule

Informal present spoken form of verbs +

Eg.

= (Of course), I've done it (before) = (Of course), I've tried[eaten] it (before) = (Of course), I've been[gone] there (before) = (Of course), I've bought it (before) = (Of course), I've tried it on[worn it] (before) = (Of course), I've lived there (before)

Example Sentences

( ) ? = Have you tried kimchi (before)? ( ) . = (Of course), I've tried kimchi (before). ? = Have you been to Seoul (before)? . = (Of course), I've been to Seoul (before). . = (Of course), I've lived in the States (before). . = (Of course), I've made pasta (before). [Therefore, I know how to cook pasta.]

? = You've been to Japan, haven't you? ? = You haven't been to China, have you?

? = You haven't tried curry before, have you? ? = You've never lived in Ecuador before, have you?
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Note: Kimchi is traditional Korean food. It is a hot and spicy pickled cabbage dish. Link to photos of kimchi

Give the favour of ~ - ~ Give the favour of ~ - ~

This is an important lesson because ~ is very frequently used in ordinary conversations. First of all, means "give" andwhen we attach the spoken form of a verb in front of , it means someone "gives the favour of doing something forsomeone". For example, means "give the favour of helping to somebody" which essentially means "I help someone".

= Min-hee gave the favour of helping to Mom. (Min-hee helped Mom)

In the sentence above, Min-hee helped her Mom and this helping has been done to her and for her. The concept of giving isprofound in the Korean language. In many occasions where somebody does something for somebody or to somebody, thesentences invariably includes ~ .

Rule

Attach the spoken form of verbs in front of .

= give the favour of doing

= give the favour of going = give the favour of coming = give the favour of eating = give the favour of drinking = give the favour of reading = give the favour of writing = give the favour of seeing = give the favour of listening = give the favour of buying = give the favour of selling = give the favour of teaching = give the favour of helping

Sentences

= Young-ho gave (me) the favour of going to town together (Young-ho went to town with me.)

= town= together

= Elliot gave (us) the favour of coming to our home. (Elliot came to our house.)

= we= house

= I gave my little brother/sister the favour of eating his/her meal. (I ate my little brother's/sister'smeal for them.)

= little sibling (gender neutral)= meal, rice

= Professor Piper gave the favour of teaching John Calvin'stheology to us. (Professor Piper taught us John Calvin's theology.)

= professor= honorary suffix (usually attached to the name of professions which involve teaching)
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For eg. = teacher, = pastor, = professor= theology

= (someone) gave the favour of reading a letter to me. [(someone) read a letter to me (for me)]

= letter= Particles - / / = the contracted form of

= Peter gave the favour of listening to my song. [Peter listened to my song for me.]

= song= the contracted form of (which is the spoken form of )

= Some middle-aged man gave the favour of helping to me (Some middle-aged man helped me.)

~ = some ~ (random, passer-by)= middle-aged man (a general term for every married men or men aged between approx. 27~55. On a side note, some men

who are actually young get offended if some children call him because that means that young man looks older than heactually is.)

= some middle-aged woman= a middle-aged woman (a general term for every married women or women aged between approx. 27~55. Again, almost

all women who are actually young get offended or even hurt if some people call her because that means that young ladylooks old. Let us have some discernment.)

= some child

Would you like to go? - ?Would you like to go? - ?

~ ( ) ? is used when you express your desire to do something together with someone, or when you want someone to dosomething. So it is similar to "Would you like to do something?/Do you want to do something?" in English.

Rule

1. For verbs without a final consonant, add .

= ? = Would you like to do? = ? = Would you like to go? = ? = Would you like to buy? = ? = Would you like to drink?

2. For verbs with a final consonant, add .

= ? = Would you like to eat? = ? = Would you like to sit? = ? = Would you like to read?

Eg.

? = Would you like to drink coffee? ? = Would you like to eat lunch?

? = Would like to go to the cinema together?

= cinema, theatre= lunch, noon
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= together

Note: If you omit off ( ) , ie. ( ) it becomes an informal form.

? = Would you like to drink coffee? ? = Would you like to eat lunch?

? = Would like to go to the cinema together?

Shall we do something? - ? Shall we do something? - ?

Rules

1. For verbs without a final consonant, attach as a final consonant and add .eg. ? = Shall we buy?

2. For verbs with a final consonant, attach .eg. ? = shall we wear?

Irregulareg. ?

? = Shall we do? ? = Shall we go? ? = Shall we eat? ? = Shall we drink? ? = Shall we watch? ? = Shall we listen to? ? = Shall we hang out/muck around?

Example Sentences

? = Shall we go to a theme park? ? = Shall we drink coffee at Starbucks? ? = Shall we go have lunch together? ? = Shall we go watch the Harry Potter movie? ? = Shall we go to a gym to exercise?

Note: Attach to / to make it formal.

? = Shall we go to a theme park? ? = Shall we drink coffee at Starbucks? ? = Shall we go have lunch together?

? = Shall we go watch the Harry Potter movie? ? = Shall we go to a gym to exercise?

It's cold, isn't it? - ?It's cold, isn't it? - ?

is used similarly to "isn't it?" of English. For example, means "cold", and means "It's cold, isn't it? or It's cold,eh? or It's cold, right?" This is used when you want to chat up somebody or when you are looking for a confirmation.

Rule
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Take off an adjective and add to it.

= It's cold, isn't it? = It's hot, isn't it? = There is a lot, isn't there? = There is little, isn't there? = It's high, isn't it?

= It's low, isn't it? = It's large, isn't it? = It's small, isn't it? = It's good, isn't it? = It's bad, isn't it? = It's deep, isn't it? = It's delicious, isn't it?

Note: is often contracted to in speech. Therefore .

= It's cold, isn't it? = It's hot, isn't it? = There is a lot, isn't there? = There is little, isn't there? = It's high, isn't it? = It's low, isn't it? = It's large, isn't it? = It's small, isn't it? = It's good, isn't it? = It's bad, isn't it? = It's very deep, isn't? = It's delicious, isn't it?

Sentences

? = The weather is cold, isn't it? ? = The weather in Thailand is very hot, isn 't it?

? = Mount Halla is high, isn't it? ? = The river water is very deep, right?

? = The house is small, eh? ? = Kimchi is delicious, isn't it?

= weather= Thailand

= Mount Halla= river water

= house= kimchi (A traditional Korean fermented dish made of cabbages with spicy seasonings)

Let's do it - Let's do it -

This should be easy to learn. Just replace of a plain verb with to make a phrase, "Let's (verb)". Note: This is an informal form.

= Let's do it = Let's eat = Let's drink = Let's go = Let's sit
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= Let's see = Let's read = Let's write = Let's listen = Let's run = Let's walk = Let's buy = Let's sell

Example Sentences

= we= together

( ) ( ) = Let's do basketball. (Let's play basketball) ( ) ( ) = Let's eat a pizza (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's drink coffee (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's go to beach (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's sit on the bench (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's watch a movie (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's read a textbook (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's listen to ipod (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's buy new shoes (together) ( ) ( ) = Let's sell that fridge (together)

The formal form of "Let's (verb)" is exactly the same as that of the formal spoken present form. You may want to refer to Verbs -Formal [Present, Past] "Please" is implied in the phrase.

= (Please.) Let's do it = (Please.) Let's eat = (Please.) Let's drink = (Please.) Let's go = (Please.) Let's sit = (Please.) Let's see = (Please.) Let's read = (Please.) Let's write = (Please.) Let's listen = (Please.) Let's run = (Please.) Let's walk = (Please.) Let's buy = (Please.) Let's sell

Example Sentences

= we= together

( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's do basketball (Let's play basketball) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's eat a pizza (together) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's drink coffee (together) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's go to beach (together) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's sit on the bench (together) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's watch a movie (together) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's read a textbook (together) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's listen to ipod (together) ( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's buy new shoes (together)
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( ) ( ) = [Please] Let's sell that fridge (together)

Actually, the formal form is not the present form. The form is polite informal. The formal form is V + ( ) .

--> (Let's go)--> (Let's eat)

Also the formal present form can sound like a command rather than "let's ~"

12:01 PM, July 08, 2009

hris Kwon said...

Correction on the last post:"Also the informal present form(Verb + / / + ) can sound like a command rather than "let's ~" "

12:06 PM, July 08, 2009

Luke said...

Hi Chris,

I have classified those verbs that contain as formal forms and , etc as honorific forms.

The - form definitely means "(please) let's do something together" and in addition, it is also connotative of a command but more asa suggestion.

means "(please) let's play basketball."

If I said, , then its meaning is more obvious.

can also mean, "(I suggest) you play basketball."However, this meaning is almost exclusively used when it is used as an answer to a question. For eg,

. ? = I'm bored. What should I do?

= (I suggest) you play basketball.

But it can also mean, "let's play basketball." The meaning depends on the intonation of the speaker. However, I won't go into depthwith regard to the difference in the intonation as it can be less than accurate when described with words.

8:53 PM, July 08, 2009

Chris Kwon said...

I typed up a long explanation and not sure it's working since it's not appearing on the reload *sigh*

Guess i'll have to type it again
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Chris Kwon said...

I wouldn't say is a formal form. is just used to add more respect. On top of just being respectful to others, can be used to talkto someone who is the same age as me but Im unfamiliar with, a stranger who is younger than me, a coworker, a friend who is olderthan me, my relatives etc. When I talk with one of my coworkers outside of work, we still use even though she is the same age asme, we do it out of respect since we are not close friends. However the things we talk about are nothing of formal matter and thesituation is not formal either. Again just out of politeness. Couples often use , but sometimes they use , but that does notmean they are being formal. When I talk to my family members I use out of respect, not related to being formal whatsoever. WhenI meet someone new, regardless of age I use to be polite, no to be formal.

Next A/V + ( ) , A/V + ( ) , V + ( ) , V + ( ) are formal forms. You hear these forms on the news, onannouncements (i.e. subway announcements, school announcements etc), on instructional signs, and other formal situations. Whileusing the forms I mentioned above are more polite than , it's still a formal form. If was the formal form, then that's what youwould hearing on the news instead of ( ) and ( ) .

Next thing, you are giving your readers only two options:Low form - V + High form - V + / /

However even though V + ( ) can be used formally, it's also used in informal situations as the high form of V + (since

there is no V + ). In my opinion V + ( ) is used A LOT more than V + / / in saying "let's ~." In fact the examplesyou give in my opinion don't seem natural or even one of the best choices to use in those situations. For example:A: " "B: " ." That wouldn't be a common response to telling someone "Let's eat" and the fact this is the only alternative you'regiving your readers (most of whom who are beginners), it's likely to be misunderstood as a suggestion or command. More commonresponses would be:

-" ( ) "-" ?"-" ?"-" ?"

While some of the examples above don't directly mean "Let's ~" I'd use all of the above before using " " as to suggest Iwant to eat lunch with someone. If you add , or a time period to V + / / then it sounds more natural and a clearermeaning. Otherwise without it I would say it's just not a commonly used response and a beginner is going to make it sound like he'stelling the person to go eat since he's hungry.

If youre at work at and you want to tell your coworkers lets go eat together and you yell it wouldnt sound right. Themost common way would be to say ( ) , I know because I hear it all the time.

In short I think youre giving your readers a bad alternative due it not being the most common way to suggest to someone lets ~,not to mention a response thats likely to be misunderstood not only due to ambiguity, but due to the wrong intonation from a beginner. On top of that, V + ( ) is used way more frequently as the high form (in my opinion).

12:41 PM, July 10, 2009

Luke said...

I classify - as a formal form and - as an honorific form. I see that you call - as a polite informal form. It's the matter ofclassification and the definition of terms.

This is my classification.= Let's eat (informal)

= Let's eat (formal)

= Let's eat (honorific)

This is yours.
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= Let's eat (informal)= Let's eat (polite informal)

= Let's eat (formal)

is probably used most frequently in companies by a team leader who announces that it's time for lunch/dinner.

is a very awkward one to use between young adults because it sounds like one who uses this is talking down to the other.Younger people should not use to older people. It's rude. is only used by those who are older or has a higherposition in the company.

I have personally never used in my life. NEVER. I have only seen it used in the Korean dramas where workers in acompany go out to have lunch/dinner together or among adults approximately above the age of 30. / ? areprobably more commonly used alternatives as they sound less confrontational and demanding.

is usually used by a leader in a group talking to people who are younger and/or in a lower position in the group.

Among young adults approximately below the age of 30, it would be quite funny to use as it sounds declarative,domineering, decisive, masculine and old-ish.

sounds more colloquial, formal(or polite informal as you define it) and young-ish.

There are other ways of expressing "let's do something" but then it no longer means "let's."

For example,

? = Shall we have lunch together?

? = How about we have lunch together?

The sentences above are alternatives to . However, they are not translated into "let's."

I'm only considering "let's" in this post.

I also classify them as formal forms because they contain - (although you might call it polite informal form).

I have done so in all of my previous posts and so I'd like to keep consistency.

11:18 PM, July 10, 2009

Chris Kwon said...

Formal is defined as "used in serious, official, or public communication but not appropriate in everyday contexts".. is appropriatein everyday contexts so I think you're categorizing it wrong.

Honorific is defined as " phrase or word, e.g. a pronoun or a verb inflection, that is used to show respect to somebody of a higherstatus." While do function as honorific, they are also used in formal situations as I mentioned such as the news. Thenews doesn't say to show extra respect for it's audience, it does so because it's formal speech.

You might be right about the usage of , i'll have to look into it more.

Easy to do / Difficult to do - ~ / ~ Easy to do / Difficult to do - ~ / ~

This one is easy to learn. All you need to do is attach a nominalized verb to or to say that something is easy or difficult.

Written Forms

= easy to do = easy to understand
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Pgina | 31

= easy to solve = easy to see = easy to listen = easy to say = easy to go

Spoken Forms

= easy to do = easy to understand = easy to solve = easy to see = easy to listen = easy to say = easy to go

Written Forms

= difficult to do = difficult to understand = difficult to solve = difficult to see = difficult to listen = difficult to say = difficult to go

Spoken Forms

= difficult to do = difficult to understand = difficult to solve = difficult to see = difficult to listen = difficult to say = difficult to go

Eg. ? = Have you tried solving this problem? [Try doing - ] . . = Yes. This problem is really difficult to solve.

. = Let's go watch a circus.

= Because of the crowd, it's difficult to see.

= It's difficult to understand woman.. = No. Man is more difficult to understand.

? = Do you think so?. . = Yes. I surely do.

? = Can you hear me?. . = No. Because of the sound of music, it's difficult to hear.

= please teach me how to do fishing [Give the favour of doing - ] . . = Ok. Fishing is easy to do.

= problem
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Pgina | 32

= solve= try solving

= circus= man= woman

= think = think so

= really, very

= very= music= sound= fishing

I know how - I (don't) know how - /

Written Form I know how to do I don't know how to do Informal

Formal .

Spoken Form I know how to do I don't know how to do

Informal

Formal

Note: I include the written form of this expression for the sake of completeness. However, please focus on the spoken form as theexpression is mainly used in conversations.

Rules

1.Take off a plain form/past tense of verbs and attach .(Exception: For those verbs which contain as a final consonant, take it off. eg. )

2. Attach to / to turn it into a formal form.

= I know how to do = I know how to eat = I know how to go = I know how to see = I know how to listen = I know how to use = I know how to make = I know how to wear

= I don't know how to do = I don't know how to go

Example sentences
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Pgina | 33

. = Yong-jun knows how to make(cook) kimchi stew. " ! ?" = "Julia! Do you know how to boil(cook) noodle soup?" ? . = Do you know how I caught this big fish?

This fish has good strength and so I caught it with a lot of effort. . = I know how to plant a tree. ? = Do you know how to use this remote controller? ? = Do you know how to go(get) to Seoul?

. = I don't know how to go to Busan. . = I don't know how to tie a necktie. . = Grandpa doesn't know how to send a text message.

Note: and are honorific forms of and respectively. and are only used for second- andthird-persons.

For eg,

I know how to use the subway. . .

Do you know how to use the subway? ?

He/she already knows how to use the subway. .

Posted by Luke at 7/06/2009 10:13:00 PM Labels: Grammar , Special Expressions

1 comments:

...

"Positive Negative "

really?

I'm in the habit of - ~ ~ I'm in the habit of - ~ ~

This phrase has two parts. The first part is ~ , and the second part is ~ .

For example,

, = When(If) I go to the restaurant, I'm in the habit of ordering Bibimbap

= a restaurant= go

= When(if) I go= a Korean dish

= order (n.)= order (v.)

= I'm in the habit of ordering
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Note: The plain form of and is which means "to become." Therefore, the literal translation of the sentence above is:

, = When(If) it becomes that I go to a restaurant, it becomes that I order bibimbap

Also, in the first part when a noun is used instead of a verb, / is used instead.For example,

, = When it is morning, I'm in the habit of reading a newspaper

The literal translation of the sentence above is, "When it 'becomes' morning, I 'become' reading a newspaper."

This sentence doesn't make any sense in English, nevertheless I hope you get the nuance of the phrase.

Rule Take off a plain form of verbs and attach / to it.

(do) = When I do(do) = I'm in the habit of doing

= I'm in the habit of doing = I'm in the habit of going

= I'm in the habit of coming = I'm in the habit of eating = I'm in the habit of sleeping = I'm in the habit of speaking = I'm in the habit of listening = I'm in the habit of watching

Example Sentences

, = When(If) it is late at night, I'm in the habit of eating an icecream

= When(If) it is noon, because I'm tired(sleepy), I'm in the habit of dozing(sleeping).

, = When(If) I turn on the computer, I'm in the habit of listening to music.

, = When(If) I go to town, I'm in the habit of watching movies.

, = When(If) I exercise, I'm in the habit of drinking lots of water.

coreano avanzado

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