cop 22 side event: improving mrv for agricultural emission reductions in the livestock sector:...
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Zewdu Eshetu CSC, AAUCarolyn Opio, Livestock Policy Officer, FAO
CSCAgricultural GHG ResearchCenter, New Zealand Climate and Clean Air Coalition
COP 22 Side Event Improving MRV for Agricultural emission reduction
in the livestock sector: Ethiopian Dairy Sector07 Nov. 2016
Mediterranean Room Marrakech
Production system characteristics Productivity (l/cow/day)
Share AZ
Rural mixed crop-livestock Traditional crop-livestock farming system in rural areas
2.4 72% Mid-high land> 1500 m
crop-livestock farm with intensive cropping
Small-scale commercial urban and peri-urban
Intensified dairy-crop/livestock farming
5.9 3%
Peri-urban farms in secondary towns
Medium-scale commercial Intra-urban dairy farms in AA 15-20 1%Urban dairy in secondary towns
Pastoral and agro-pastoral Pastoral and agro-pastoral in rural areas
1.5 24% Low/dry land <1500
DairyProductionsystem
Livestock Resource : 143, 987, 000Cattle > 53 mil with Dairy population of >32
CONTRIBUTION OF ETHIOPIAN DAIRY SECTOR TO EMISSIONS by production system: 161 MILLION TONNES CO2 eq. PER ANNUM
55.7%
43%
1.1% 0.2%
EFFICIENCY IN DAIRY SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIA: EMISSION INTENSITY AND MILK YIELD
Drivers: Feed efficiency
Genetics Herd structure
Herd management , health
CONTRIBUTION OF ETHIOPIAN DAIRY SECTOR TO EMISSIONS: 161 MILLION TONNES CO2 eq. PER ANNUM
CONTRIBUTION OF ETHIOPIAN DAIRY SECTOR TO EMISSIONS by production system: 161 MILLION TONNES CO2 eq. PER ANNUM
55.7%
43%
1.1% 0.2%
CONTRIBUTION TO EMISSIONS BY SOURCE
MILK PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA: 3.8 BILLION LITRES OF MILK FROM DAIRY CATTLE HERD
Size of bubble: number of milking cow
Rural mixed crop-livestock
Pastoral and agro-pastoral
Small-scale commercial
medium-scale commercial
o Feed constraints • feed availability – dependent on rain-fed forage - feed availability highly seasonal• low forage quality• poor access to quality feed• high feed costs
o High incidence of disease (fertility, milk production, growth rates): FMD, Mastitis, Trypanosomosis, Bovine tuberculosis, etc
o Poor management and limited know-how
o Inadequate extension, vet services, high cost of credit
o Water availability and quality
CONSTRAINTS LIMITING MILK PRODUCTIVITY
SELECTEDTECHNICALMITIGATIONINTERVENTIONSPractice Objective Constraintaddressed Benefits1.
1.Supplementationwithleguminousshrubs
Improvemanagementofforageresourcesbybettermatchingavailableresourcestoanimalrequirements/herdnutrientdemand
Addressesfeedscarcityandqualityconstraints
ImprovedanimalandherdhealthHigherconceptionratesImprovedweaningweights
2.Useofurea-molassesmulti-nutrientblocks(UMMB)
Increasequalityofdiet Lowquantityandqualityofforage ImprovednutritionIncreasedintakeImprovedgrowthrates
3.Useofurea-treatedcropresidues4.Supplementationwithlow-costhighprotein/energyconcentrates
Addressenergyandproteinconstraintsduringperiodsoflowavailabilityandquality
Addressesthelackofsufficientandqualityfeedresources.
ImprovednutritionImprovedcowconditionImprovedreproductiveperformanceHigherconceptionrates
5.Diseasecontrol(trypanosomiasis)
Improvethehealthstatusoftheherd
Highmortalityandmorbidity ReductioninmortalityandmorbidityIncreaseinanimalproductivityImprovementsinreproductiveperformance(fertility,ageatfirstcalving)
6.Useofsexedsemen Useofsexedsemencanprovideanincreasedsupplyofreplacementheifers,therebyreducingdairyheiferpurchasecosts
Shortageofreplacementheifers BettermanagementofheiferreplacementReductionincostforheiferpurchaseGeneticallysuperiorfemales
7.Conventionalartificialinseminationusingsuperiorgenetics
Increasethenumberofhighyieldinganimalsthroughgeneticmanagementtoimproveproductionandreproductivetraitssuchasgrowthrate,milkyield,etc.
Milkproductionconstrainedbylowproductivityoftheindigenouscattlebreeds.
Improvedconceptionrates,calfsurvivalIncreasedweaningweightsIncreasedfinalweights
Practice Benefits1.Supplementationwithleguminousshrubs Improved animal and herd health
Higher conception ratesImproved weaning weights
2.Useofurea-molassesmulti-nutrientblocks(UMMB) ImprovednutritionIncreasedintake
3.Useofurea-treatedcropresidues Improvedgrowthrates
4.Supplementationwithlow-costhighprotein/energyconcentrates ImprovednutritionImprovedcowconditionImprovedreproductiveperformanceHigherconceptionrates
5.Diseasecontrol(trypanosomiasis) ReductioninmortalityandmorbidityIncreaseinanimalproductivityImprovementsinreproductiveperformance(fertility,ageatfirstcalving)
6.Useofsexedsemen BettermanagementofheiferreplacementReductionincostforheiferpurchaseGeneticallysuperiorfemales
7.Conventionalartificialinseminationusingsuperiorgenetics Improvedconceptionrates,calfsurvivalIncreasedweaningweightsIncreasedfinalweights
SELECTED TECHNICAL MITIGATION INTERVENTIONS
Activitydatasources• Multistageactivitydatasetofprimaryandsecondary
• Totalcattleanddairypopulationbyproductionsystem• Feedbasketbyproductionsystem• Parametersoffeedmaterials
• digestibilityandcrudeproteins
• Manuremanagementsystem(percentofmanureburned,stored,slurry,solid,dried,spreadoverfieldsetc.)
• Cattleherdparametersbyproductionsystem• Bulltocowration,deathrate,replacement,liveweight,dailyweightgains,etc.
• Sourcesofactivitydata:CSA,Published,expertsopinion,measured
• Constraintslackofuniformityinmanure,feedandcattlemanagement
EmissionfactorsGHG=AXEfEmissionfactorsarederivedfrommultistageapproachi. Methaneproductionpermilkcowproductionii. MethaneproductionpermeatbullproductionConstraints:Methaneproductionisaffectedby:
LivestockhealthFeedqualityManagementMilkproductivity
i. forlowemissionsproductionsystems?• Orproblemsthatyouface,e.g.weknowfromILRIthatIPCCefs probablydon’treflectemissionsofanimalsonsubmaintenance diets
InstitutionalcoordinationResearc
hInstituteEIAR,ILRI
MoLF(ExtensionDept
University(CSC)
Small/mediumscale
farmers
Development
association/Unio
ns
Development
partners(USAID
THANK YOU