the networks of allied and participating countries; networks of the civil society, the academic sector, the private sector and the populations that extend the governability.” “The effort of the Theater Campaign Plan will focus, among other aspects, in developing greater capacity to face contingencies: “To manage the initial 72 hours of chaos under any circumstance (…) If necessary, we must be prepared to execute it all by ourselves until additional help arrives.” The answer in cases of contingencies includes:

Defense of the Panama Canal and its area Migration control operations Humanitarian assistance and response in the face of disasters

(including response to epidemics) Unilateral, bilateral or multilateral military operations carried out by the

forces in response to any crisis The Southern Command of the United States, with an area of responsibility that covers our entire region, has everything required to attempt to accomplish these tasks. It is formed by:

the Southern Army, located at Fort Sam in Houston, Texas the Southern Air Force, located in the Davis Air Force Base in Monthan,

Arizona. the Southern Naval Forces Command, located in the Mayport Naval

Base, Florida, seat of the Fourth Fleet the Southern Marine Infantry Forces established in Miami, Florida. The Southern Commando for Special Operations deployed at the

Homestead Air Reserve Base, near Miami, Florida The main publicly admitted military installations in our region are:

MAIN OPERATIVE BASES (MOBs)

Naval Base of Guantánamo, Cuba, where the Guantánamo Joint Task Force and detention camps of the Base are located

FORWARD OPERATIVE SITE (FOS)

Enrique Soto Cano Airport in Palmerola, Honduras, where the Land-Air Special Purpose Task Force is located

COOPERATIVE SECURITY LOCATIONS (CSL)

Queen Beatrice International Airport, Aruba, The Netherlands Hato International Airport, Curazao, Netherlands Antilles, The Netherlands Aeropuerto Internacional Comalapa, El Salvador.

COOPERATIVE SECURITY LOCATIONS IN COLOMBIA Palanquero Naval Base, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia (the

USA invested $42 million to improve the runway and installations) Apiay Air Base, Department of Meta, Colombia Malambo Air Base, Atlantic Department, Colombia Larandia Military Base, Department of Caquetá, Colombia Tolemaida Military Base, Department of Tolima, Colombia Bolívar Naval Base, Cartagena de Indias, Department of Bolívar,

Colombia (Caribbean) Mágala Naval Base, Málaga Bay, Department of Valle del Cauca.

Colombia (Pacific) IM River Brigade of Puerto de Turbo, Department of Antioquia Larandia Military Fortress, municipality of Florencia, Department of

Caquetá Nevertheless, it is already known and has been timely denounced that the military presence in the region has been increased through the bidding, contracting or occupation of new military installations (which are essentially cooperative security locations) in:

Mexico: 3

Honduras: 3

Panama: 12

Peru: 8

Paraguay: 2

FRENCH MILITARY PRESENCE IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

FRENCH GUIANA

Third Foreign Infantry Regiment in Korou Ninth Marine Infantry Regiment in Cayenne Police Adapted Overseas Military Service

CARIBBEAN

41 Marine Infantry Battalion in Guadeloupe 33 Marine Infantry Regiment in Martinique

BRITISH MILITARY PRESENCE IN LATIN AMERICA Malvinas Islands (Argentina): 1,010 troops

5

THE CULTURE OF PEACE IN THE STRATEGY OF EDUCATIONAL PREVENTION IN ZONES OF THE SECOND RING OF CONTENTION WITH THE GUANTÁNAMO NAVAL BASE

By Dr.C. Noemí Díaz González

This work is a tribute to the founder of the Commission for Prevention and Social

Care and President of the Federation of Cuban Women, Vilma Espín Guillois,

who dedicated her fruitful life to promote public policies for the care of children,

adolescents, youth and their families, with emphasis in the most vulnerable ones,

favored with an education for Peace as educational process of training and

constant development, permanently dynamic, interactive, equitable and critical at

different levels of human relations without any distinction, so that each subject

may live in harmony with himself, with the others and with nature, and transform

his/her reality and the social environment. Gender equality, the empowerment of

women in the Cuban society, the right of women to political participation and the

open combat against the forms of violence, and the defense of the advances

achieved in all social spheres are also promoted from this perspective. It is a

reflection of the potentialities displayed by the Network of Popular Educators in

defense of world PEACE.

The Prevention Project is the result of more than 30 years of research and

innovation, which favored the defense of a doctor thesis in Guantánamo,

conceived from the ethical-political-juridical, organizational-methodological, and

psycho-pedagogic dimensions, where methodological workshops are conducted

to counteract violence, promoted by the Education for Peace and Respect to

Human Rights (EPDH) in schools of the above-mentioned territory, with emphasis

in those located in the Second Ring of Contention with the U.S. Naval Base.

San Antonio del Sur is located in the south, in the topographic zone known as

southern coastal strip or Cuban semi-desert. It borders to the north with Baracoa,

to the east with the municipality of Imías, to the south with the Caribbean Sea,

and to the west with the municipalities of Caimanera and Manuel Támes. By land

it has access to three municipalities of the eastern and easternmost part of the

island, and is located 62 km away from the provincial capital. Its territory covers

51,585 sq.km with a population of 27,172 inhabitants and a population density of

48,5 inhabitants per sq.km. Its six Popular Councils are considered rural or rural

mountainous. Two of them are located on the coast, with three settlements in the

zone of the second Contention Ring due to their proximity to the US Naval

Base. It has six silence zones, where television and radio transmissions are

received with difficulty or not at all. 85% of its population lives in mountainous

zones.

Faced with this reality, it was necessary to display a strategy of prevention in

order to facilitate the education of the inhabitants of vulnerable zones, in order

to achieve a responsible, committed and capable resilience that will enable

them to develop a culture of PEACE in their family, social and national

environment, taking as reference the fact that Cuba assumes the struggle for

peace and human rights in the context of its social project, in correspondence

with its genuine policy of humanist education. This is reflected in the policy of

the National Education System (SNE) with the purpose of enabling the

development of ethical and moral values in a just and supportive society of

ethical and moral values, starting from the education of the new generations

that must assimilate, exercise and practice these approaches. That is why it

was classified as scientific problem: How to contribute to the

improvement of the culture of peace and prevention of violence in

educational institutions of Guantánamo province?

The educational prevention is a way to counteract the violence that affects

the school; to promote an education for peace and respect of human rights

starting from the school toward the diverse agencies of socialization,

supported by the dialogue, signs of tenderness and understanding from the

members of the educational community, mainly of the adults toward the

students; and from the analysis of the formulas employed to educate in the

discipline.

The culture of peace and human rights in civic education is transmitted

intentionally in Cuba. Thought is given to the fact that prevention acquires new

characteristics in correspondence with the social demands, and aims

progressively at welfare, quality of life, and education as values to widen

culture and foster an attitude according to the norms and principles of society

and the active participation of its members for the benefit of children,

adolescents, and youth.

Hence, the peace education directs its efforts to the fulfillment of the principles

formulated by Viciedo, C. EDUPAZ S/F, p. 234.

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The peace and human rights education is part of the integrally conceived education, both in its formal and informal expression.

We regard as peace educators all those persons that in some way contribute to the education of the population, among whom we highlight mothers and fathers, family in general, personnel working in teaching centers, healthcare personnel, writers and artists, cultural promoters, social communicators, scientists and state leaders, as well as members of social, political, and mass organizations.

The peace and human rights education should start out from an ideal of human being that responds to our best traditions and to the present and future needs and aspirations of the Cuban people, based on the rights-duties link.

The peace and human rights education is based on Martí’s concept of the full dignity of man, and is one of the most important forms of the education in values.

We understand human rights in their comprehensive concept: civil, economic, social, cultural, and of solidarity.

The peace education denounces the blockade imposed by the United States to our country because it is an act of war and intolerance that influences negatively on civic life and particularly in the development of the educational processes.

Proposal of strategy for the improvement of prevention through education

employing the peace culture and gender approach in educational institutions of

Guantánamo

Four essential stages are conceived in the structure of the strategy: the first,

aimed at diagnosis; the second at planning; the third at execution, and the fourth

at evaluation.

Experiences and impact obtained from the practical implementation of the

strategy

The conducted methodological workshops had their impact on the attention to the

integral education of the students, concretized in preventive actions during the

entire pedagogic process carried out by the school with an approach to the culture

of peace, emphasizing on the class, friendly spaces, morning meetings, and

schools of family education.

Their evaluation is satisfactory and confirms their validity, and they are quite

necessary for the preparation of the teachers, facilitating the evaluation,

diagnosis, help and follow-up of the personal and group needs of the

socializing agents.

Thirty students of Pedagogy, Psychology and Speech Therapy and 10

professors from the University of Guantánamo were selected. In their

assessment of the methodological workshops, the totality of the students

proved to have gained a better understanding of the importance of preventing

through education by employing a culture of peace and the gender approach,

and to be committed with the traced educational policy. Five integrationist

exercises were made where the students showed their abilities in making the

diagnosis and giving subsequent educational orientation, promoting the

culture of peace, relations of cooperation, socialization, respect, and help, and

solidarity. Fifty-nine observations were made of the school dynamics, and it

was verified that 98.7% of the students are committed with the preventive

approach in each of the teaching tasks they perform.

Changes occurred in the students’ activities, evidencing greater dedication

and commitment to learn the adequate methodology for a comprehensive

diagnosis of the pupils, the pedagogic labor and the psycho-pedagogic

strategies to be followed in their professional practice. Eight conferences and

workshops were held on juridical culture in relation with article 85 of the Family

Code on the obligations and rights in the exercise of paternal authority. The

students were connected to the “Mártires de Barbados” conduct school, where

the teachers received a course on educational work with the collaboration of

psycho-pedagogues in training, where they obtained excellent results. The

results of that work were published in the APC book “Unidos para educar”

2017, related to the culture of peace and civic education.

CONCLUSIONS

In Cuba, the culture of peace, the gender approach, and human rights in civic

education are assumed as part of its social project, in correspondence with a

genuine policy of humanist education reflected in the policy of the National

Educational System (SNE) with the purpose of enabling development in a just,

supportive society, with ethical and moral values based on the training of the

new generations that must assimilate, exercise, and practice these

approaches.

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PRESENTATION BY THE U.S. PEACE COUNCIL

By Henry Lowendorf

Thank you Silvio and MovPaz for organizing this seminar. We have attended

several of these seminars and appreciate the wealth of information and

analysis provided. We enjoy the opportunity to visit and be welcomed in

Caimanera.

We must first of all denounce the financial blockades and the ongoing economic

sabotage on Venezuela and Cuba - Nicaragua and Iran as well - and the U.S.

government’s intensification of its economic warfare. We also denounce the

Trump administration’s threats of armed aggression against our neighbors. The

United States has made such aggressions around the world its normal foreign

policy. Through its actions the United States daily violates International Law, the

UN Charter and its own Constitution. We urge everyone here when you return

to your country to build visible, forceful, political opposition to these vicious, anti-

people policies of the United States.

Since 2017, the U.S. Peace Council initiated two broad peace coalitions to

address foreign military bases and demand that they be closed. The first was

focused on U.S. foreign military bases. It held a very successful conference in

Baltimore, Maryland, USA, in January 2018. One of the actions arising from this

conference was the call to peace groups throughout the United States to

commemorate February 23, 2018, the anniversary of the date that Guantánamo

was formally stolen from the Cuban people by the United States. As a result,

different local and national peace forces held vigils and demonstrations on that

day. Also from this conference grew a second, Global Campaign that organized

another successful conference in Dublin, Ireland, last November. Its focus

expanded to demand the closing of over 850 U.S. and NATO military bases on

foreign soil.

The conference in Dublin specifically endorsed and recommended participation

in the Seminar we are now attending. We are encouraged that some

participants at this seminar responded to that recommendation.

Thus we have examples of two actions that these coalitions and conferences

have generated that individual peace organizations participated in without

requiring a lot of coordination. Collectively we are far stronger.

The fact that the United States after over one hundred years still maintains

colonial control over the Guantánamo military base is an abomination. The fact

that the Guantánamo base is universally condemned for becoming a center of

torture reflects the despicable actions of the United States on Cuban territory

and around the world.

But condemnation is not enough. Informational seminars are not enough to end

this abomination.

The US Peace Council strongly believes that we in this room, with our friends

and colleagues in our own nations and around the world, can build grass roots

pressure that will mobilize millions of people to demand that the U.S. turn

Guantánamo back to the Cuban people and close all U.S. and NATO foreign

military bases.

How can we do that?

• Let us here today declare that every February 23 become an international day

where we demand the U.S. return Guantánamo base to Cuba, and to imagine

the day we will celebrate that victory. Let us commit to educate and mobilize

many people to join us. Let this education include referring to this Seminar and

recommending our friends attend and participate in the next Seminar in Cuba.

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MILITARY BASES AND NATO IN THE SPANISH STATE. THE ROLE OF

THE MEDIA AND CULTURE IN SOCIAL MOBILIZATION

By David Rodríguez Fernández

Our thankfulness and warm greetings of solidarity from the José Martí

Association of Friendship with Cuba in Valencia to the Cuban Movement for

Peace, ICAP, Martin Luther King Study Center, and all the institutions that

made it possible to celebrate this meeting. And to the Nicolás Guillén

Foundation, which put us in contact with Silvio Platero and his team at the

Cuban Movement for Peace. Nicolás Guillén was one of the founders of the

World Peace Council, together with other well-known Spaniards like Picasso

and other peace activists and in favor of a better world 70 years ago, in midst

of the Cold War.

The presence of the USA and NATO military bases in the Spanish State can

be defined as a history of criminal complicity with imperialism and of loss of

national sovereignty since its start in 1953 under Franco’s dictatorship up to

the present, going through the ill-named transition to democracy or ’78 regime.

It is necessary to recall its origins and evolution to date in order to understand

the necessary struggle to leave NATO, take the bases out of Spanish territory,

and reform the self-defense policy, away from imperialist aggressions.

At present, the participation of Spanish troops in military campaigns against

alleged enemies that have never attacked us, and the cession of our territory

to allow the USA to launch their operations against third countries entail a

scandalous political, economic and military cession of the national

sovereignty.

In this process, the role of the mass media has been essential to ensure

Spain’s subordination to the USA interests and the militarist EU, in detriment

of the sovereignty of the Spanish State and of course of the interests and

needs of the working class and the peoples that form it.

The mass media have been another weapon, an essential one, of this warlike

policy characterized by lies and fake news to generate the climate of shock,

fear, and terror, and to clear the way for any military intervention, military

expenditure, or repression against peaceful protest or violation of human

rights. The cultural war has become the threshold of the military war.

• Let us here today agree to build, within the framework of the Global Campaign

we have created, a regional No US/NATO Bases network in Latin America and

the Caribbean. This coalition will focus on identifying the location and activities

of all the U.S. and NATO bases in this region and mobilizing our peoples to

demand that they be closed.

• Conferences are time consuming to organize and expensive to travel to and

attend. How can we communicate and share strategies and actions between

conferences? One way could be organizing regular video conferences to

coordinate our work and exchange information. We should also send updates

about these military bases and the peoples’ struggles against them to the

Global Campaign Against US/NATO Military Bases to be posted on the

Campaign’s web site.

• Let us commit ourselves to creatively imagine more that we can do together,

to build common goals and actions. Let us shut down these bases of

imperialism and reclaim their territory and the resources that maintain them for

the betterment of humanity, our planet, our common future.

In peace and solidarity,

Thank you from the U.S. Peace Council.

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Thought must be given as to how to construct a new culture. We have examples

in our history. In 1937, with the Second Meeting in Defense of Culture, the most

advanced representatives of the intellectuality and culture worldwide (including

the Cuban) served the just cause in defense of the Republican lawfulness and

against the Fascism that razed Europe.

Background. From the military bases to the integration of NATO. Brief

chronology.

1953. Signature of the pacts of Madrid, September 26

The Madrid pacts from 1953 between the USA and the Franco regime were low-

rank agreements, but allowed Franco to receive international recognition from

the UN as well as from the new Vatican concordat. In the practice, they entailed

the loss of sovereignty, which was never recovered. The USA obtained strategic

control in its cold war logic, and granted support to the dictator to avoid the leftist

victory. In exchange, Franco was to receive military support in defense,

technique, finances and the economy, although he should liberalize the

economy.

Present time

Today there are important displays of Spanish troops in combat missions in the

Baltic countries, Lebanon, the African Horn, Turkey, the Mediterranean Sea, and

several African countries, in addition to other training missions of local forces in

Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sub-Saharan Africa. All of them are under the NATO

umbrella or at the service of the colonial interests of the allied countries,

benefiting from their infrastructure.

In all the military interventions in Africa, the Near East and Middle East, and

Eastern Europe, the Spanish bases have been a refueling point for the USA

military forces. But in addition, in recent years the offensive role of the Rota and

Morón bases has been reinforced with the establishment of the four destroyers

of the AEGIS system and of the Rapid Air-Land Intervention Force of the USA

Marine Corps. To be added to it is the role of Torrejón as Combined Air

Operations Center for the entire NATO south flank.

Press Freedom Made in NATO

Cubainformación denounced the role of censor played by the capital when it

does not control some media, especially in the case of imperialist wars and

aggressions as in Syria and recently Venezuela. There is hegemony of the

published information and opinions, controlled by a few media and

governments. But already in recent years the public media of some countries

have started to break that informative hegemony. That is why the USA and the

EU have decided to stop them.

In 2013, the Iranian channels Hispan TV (in Spanish) and PressTV (in English)

were eliminated from the schedule of the EUTELSAT and ARQUIVA satellites.

The Spanish government, in turn, withdrew them from the HISPASAT satellite

and from the TDT issue in Madrid.

The Lebanese cannel Al Manar was eliminated from the NILESAT (Egypt) and

ARABSAT (Saudi) satellites, and declared terrorist and anti-Semite by the

USA State Department. Meanwhile, ALJAZEERA, channel of the absolute

monarchy of Qatar, has been supporting for years armed groups against the

Syrian government, with the applause of Western governments and media.

In March, 2016, the present rightist government of Argentina withdrew the

multinational channel TELESUR from the free and public broadcasting of the

so-called Open Digital Television.

A few months ago, the White House imposed the obligation to declare

themselves foreign agents to the Russian channels Sputnik and Russia

Today, which prevents them de facto from performing their journalistic work in

public institutions such as Congress.

In Internet, the US multinational Google announced the penalization of Russia

Today news in its searchers. Meanwhile, Twitter decided to veto its

advertising. Such is the press freedom Made in NATO.

Other elements that evidence Spain’s complicity with imperialism:

Banca Armada, NATO criminal turns 70 years, arms sales, TRUMP budget

2% of GDP (neoliberal policy), Saudi Arabia and its support to terrorism, EU

directive of shame, violation of clauses of the 1986 referendum.

10

We denounce the complicity of the current Spanish government. We shame

for its position with regard to Venezuela. We demand the recognition of the

legality of President Maduro, and the handing over of Leopoldo López to the

Venezuelan authorities. The aggression to the brotherly people of Venezuela

must cease.

What to do?

Mobilize consciences and the population. We will present these campaigns at

the State Meeting of Solidarity with Cuba in Madrid next June, as well as in

the world action day against the bases on February 23.

Include the themes of the struggle against NATO and the military bases in the

political agenda of all organizations.

Gather the experience of the anti-imperialist struggles and international

solidarity with Cuba, Venezuela, Palestine, Syria, the Sahara, with strong

implementation in the Spanish State.

Grant impulse to a new State debate on security and defense. The present

expenditure is 18,776 million Euros while the neoliberal policies empty the

State and abandon the citizens.

Battle of ideas in social networks, mass media, in the streets.

We are in full disposition to activate the battle of ideas and the political action.

Only unity will make us invincible. Peace is everyone’s issue, and our life

depends of it.

Thank you for the attentions received during these days, and receive our full

solidarity with the revolutionary Cuba and all just causes of Humankind, from

this first anti-imperialist trench.

They will not come through!

No to NATO! Bases Out!

Long live international solidarity!

PALESTINE TODAY: REALITY AND PRESENT OF ZIONIST

OCCUPATION

By Bassel Ismail Salem

A few days ahead of the 71st anniversary of the catastrophe and tragedy of May

15, 1948 and of the first occupation of Palestine, the Palestinian people and their

cause are going through very critical, complex and dangerous historical

moments due to the constant and escalating Israeli Zionist aggression against

the national Palestinian aspirations and rights to liberation, independence, and

sovereignty. The Israeli Zionist State, through its terrorist practice of permanent

wars and expansion to Palestinian and Arab territories, pretends to liquidate the

Palestinian cause and prevent the creation of a Palestinian State.

With the arrival of Donald Trump to the presidency of the United States of

America and his racist and imperialist policy, the rightist and extremist Israeli

political elite and its reelected Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu received a

strong, unconditional endorsement from the USA in a context of imperialist

strategic alliance, first with the recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel, and

later of the Israeli sovereignty over the Syrian Golan Heights.

11

But with the beginning of his mandate, Trump and his advisors launched

possible points or guidelines as ideas of the alleged “Agreement of the

Century” that will not be officially proclaimed until after the religious month of

Ramadan next June. On the ground, the reality and events of the Israeli

occupant continue advancing with more colonies and colonizers in the

achievement of the 800 km-long wall and the 839 Israeli military control

points, in addition to the geographic and demographic extension of the

“Great Jerusalem” as its capital.

The construction of the Wall has a colonial and expansionist nature, with

two objectives:

- to steal more Palestinian land that will be included in the territory of the

Zionist State

- to promote a policy of brutal suffocation and isolation against the

Palestinian population

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As alternative to the annexation of the most part of these 515 colonies,

whether large, small or groups with more than 834,000 Zionist colonizers

and the expansion of the walls, work has been conceived and is carried out

with a view to:

- exchange Palestinian territories for others in the Negev desert and Sinai, thus

only leaving scarcely 9% of the Upper Bank for the Palestinian in isolated

and separated zones (such as the Bantustans were for the black population

in the era of racist South Africa), and the Gaza Strip, which represent only

1% of Palestine;

- offer to improve the living and economic conditions of the Palestinian

population in exchange for renouncing to their national rights and renouncing

to fight, accepting Israel and its “security”;

- not allowing the creation of a separate Palestinian state, reducing it to an

autonomy or semi-autonomy with no true, independent control or national

Palestinian sovereignty;

- not accepting the return of the Palestinian refugees to their lands and

homes.

The Israeli war crimes against the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip,

Jerusalem and the Upper Bank equal the number of crimes committed against

the civil population in the return marches in Gaza, against the more than 6,500

prisoners and arrested Palestinians in Zionist prisons, the hardships and

robbery of vital natural resources such as water, fishing and even air, in

addition to the prohibitions of moving from one place to the other in Palestine,

and still more difficult the trips for study purposes or medical attention. In short,

to turn the Palestinian zones and places into the centers of villages or cities

known as Zone A according to the Oslo Agreement, but these zones are

blockaded, isolated and separated one from the other.

Chronology of the Occupation of Palestine

Asking: What is left from Palestine? What is left for the Palestinians?

The Gaza Strip is already the largest prison in the world, in the open, blockaded

by land, sea, and air, even by the underground, with rigorous control of the

arrival of fuel, foodstuffs, construction materials and medicines.

The Israeli Zionist regime speeds up its ethnic cleansing war against the

Palestinian people by declaring the Jewish nature of the State of the so-called

Jewish Nation, pretending to expel and transfer the more than one and a half

million Palestinians inside the Palestine occupied in 1948, and maintaining

the “A” Zones as concentration camps. To this Israeli Zionist enemy, not only

of the Palestinians and Arabs but of all the peoples of the world we say that

Palestine and its people (of almost 14 million) are standing, fighting and

resisting…

We must recall that 722 resolutions were issued by the United Nations

General Assembly and 86 by its Security Council, as well as a large number

of resolutions of international organizations of Human Rights in favor of the

Palestinian cause. None of them have been either acknowledged or applied.

The Israeli Zionist regime speeds up its ethnic cleansing war against the

Palestinian people by declaring the Jewish nature of the State of the so-

called Jewish Nation, pretending to expel and transfer the more than one

and a half million Palestinians inside the Palestine occupied in 1948, and

maintaining the “A” Zones as concentration camps.

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To this Israeli Zionist enemy, not only of the Palestinians and Arabs but of all

the peoples of the world we say that Palestine and its people (of almost 14

million) are standing, fighting and resisting…

We must recall that 722 resolutions were issued by the United Nations General

Assembly and 86 by its Security Council, as well as a large number of

resolutions of international organizations of Human Rights in favor of the

Palestinian cause. None of them have been either acknowledged or applied.

The Israeli Zionist State is the only State in the United Nations Organization that

does not have defined borders. The elements and meanings of its flag and

“national anthem” are based on a legend and religious text of the Old

Testament: in the flag, the two blue stripes represent that its borders are the

waters of the rivers from the Nile to the Euphrates, and the text of the hymn is

referred to the Jewish invasion to Jericho, killing and destroying. In short: they

are based on the assertion that they are “a chosen people for a promised land.”

In addition, it is important to recall the United Nations resolution from 1949 on

the acceptance of the Israeli State, which is based on three conditions:

- that Israel recognize the Palestinian State according to Resolution 181

(see the map with the division)

- that it accept and facilitate the return of the Palestinian refugees

according to Resolution 194

- that it recognize and comply with the Charter of the United Nations,

demonstrating that it is a peace-loving country.

Today (2019) we ask ourselves: Has Israel fulfilled these three conditions? Of

course not. Palestine urgently requires the end of the aggressions, the

dismantling of all the colonies and illegal walls, and the liberation of all

Palestinian prisoners; that Israel respect the right of Palestine to self-

determination, its independence with a State of its own, and respect its national

sovereignty.

Thank you very much.

MILITARY BASES IN COLOMBIA

By Ovidio Salinas

The rulers of the United States have always worked in favor of and developed

the policy of submission of Latin America and the Caribbean.

The Monroe policy “America for the Americans” was coined by the president of

the United States in a speech read before the Congress of the Union in 1823.

This doctrine had the pretext of stopping the Russians in the Northern Pacific

in order to ensure peace for the “Americans”. This policy consisted of the

following points:

1. Non-intervention of European powers in America.

2. Non-establishment of European systems in the continent.

3. Non-colonization of any territory by the Old Continent.

4. Non-intervention of the Union in European assaults

The United States contended with the European continent for the dominion of

Spanish America. Already in 1818 they passed laws to punish those who

helped the liberation cause of Latin America and the Caribbean; fines of 10,000

pesos and 10 years of imprisonment were imposed on those that violated that

law.

It should be highlighted that the Independence still had not been achieved; in

the practice it was an economic blockade, to which Bolívar answered: “It seems

that Your Excellency wants to oblige me to reciprocate the insults: I will not do

it, but I do protest to Your Excellency that I will not allow offense or contempt

against the government of Venezuela. A large part of our population has

perished in our defense against Spain, and the part that remains would have

the same fate.”

“Venezuela will fight against Spain as well as against the entire world if the

entire world offends it.”

Source: Rafael San Martín, Argentinian historian. “Biography of Uncle

Sam”, Vol. 1, p. 158, Ciencias Sociales Publishing House, Havana, 2006.

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