The students don’t haveanything to say on the topic.

The students are nervousabout talking because they are

worried about makingmistakes.

The students are embarrassedor shy about talking.

The students are worried aboutnot having enough language to

complete the activity.

The students are reluctant towork in groups.

The students tend to resort totheir first language in speaking

activities.

Some students dominate andother students don’t participate

fully.

The students race to finish theactivity as quickly as possible.

The students don’t haveanything to say on the topic.

The students are nervousabout talking because they are

worried about makingmistakes.

The students are embarrassedor shy about talking.

The students are worried aboutnot having enough language to

complete the activity.

The students are reluctant towork in groups.

The students tend to resort totheir first language in speaking

activities.

Some students dominate andother students don’t participate

fully.

The students race to finish theactivity as quickly as possible.

Allow time for students toprepare for a task and providea lead in activity for speakingtasks, eg brainstorming etc.

Don’t include correction at theend of every speaking activity,and don’t interrupt speakingactivities to correct students.

Create a supportive classroomenvironment and provide

students with a lot of positivereinforcement and praise.

Pre teach any necessarylanguage but try to select tasksthat will allow students to use

any language that they alreadyhave.

Be very clear about thebenefits of groupwork and

ensure students know that thisis an expectation of the class.

Set clear rules about this, andalso make sure that students

know helpful phrases in English eg. “how do you say that…”

Assign a member of the group

to manage participation andencourage all the group tospeak. Nominate students

randomly to give feedback onthe group’s work.

Set clear time limits for tasks,check instructions carefullywith students before they

begin and monitor to makesure students are at the right

stage at the right time.

TTIM

reading a book at home alone

LENA

having a drink at the

pub with EllenELLEN

having a drink at the pub with Lena

JOSHUA

jogging in the park

JOANNA

at the party

DAVIDplaying tennis with

his friends

TIMreading a book at

home aloneLENA

having a drink at the pub with Ellen

ELLENhaving a drink at the

pub with LenaJOSHUA

jogging in the park

JOANNA

at the party

DAVID

playing tennis with his friends

TIMreading a book at

home aloneLENA

having a drink at the pub with Ellen

ELLENhaving a drink at the

pub with LenaJOSHUA

jogging in the park

JOANNA

at the party

DAVIDplaying tennis with

his friends