contrast induced nephropathy

26
CIN CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY SUUB

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CIN - epiphenomenon or self existent?

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Page 1: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

CIN

CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY

SUUB

Page 2: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

PATOGENEZA PREVENTIE

EPIDEMIOLOGIE

CIN

Page 3: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

PATOGENEZA

Studii pe animale

Second hit injury

Context clinic

Context interventional

Dose dependent

Agent dependent

Cumulativ

Non linear

Marker si inductor de

prognostic negativ

mecanisme descrise in special in studii cu compusi “vechi”-generatie I

care este impactul real uman?

concluzii contradictorii si nerepetabile intre studii

CIN vs CAN

Page 4: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Probleme…

Un diagnostic de excludere chiar acolo unde este mai putin probabil sa il excluzi (ex. angio-ateroembolie).

Definitie heterogena cu impact heterogen asupra concluziilor de prognostic si preventie.

Efect nociv prezent teoretic (generatia I) dar neclar dpdv practic (generatiile noi).

Greu de cuantificat patogenetic (uman) cel putin din cauza comorbiditatilor asociate; dovezi indirecte; lot martor - ?

CIN este inlocuit cu CAN din cauza acestor neajunsuri.

Cat de real este CIN/CAN ? http://ccforum.com/content/16/2/R67

Page 5: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

AKIN reflecta cel mai bine prognosticul pe termen scurt si lung.

Page 6: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

DEFINITIA CREEAZA INCIDENTA

AKIN reflecta cel mai bine prognosticul pe termen scurt si lung.

3 intervale de timp

3 valori cut-off de Cr

9 definitii

Lakhal, Ehrmann J Crit Care 2011

Page 7: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

CONTEXTUL CREEAZA INCIDENTA

Incidenta creste cu gradul de afectare renala

Lakhal, Ehrmann J Crit Care 2011

Page 8: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

AKIN 1

∆Cr/Cri>50% ∆Cr>0.3mg/dl

Masa musculara ▼ Crs ▼

Afectare renala Crs ▲

Page 9: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

monomeri ionici inel benzen cu 3 I 1400-1800mosm/kg

dimeri nonionici 2 inele de benzen “unite” 290 mosm/kg

monomeri nonionici 500-850mosm/kg !ioxaglate este ionic

GENERATII

3

Page 10: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Agenti de contrast

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►Boala renala cronica-GFR<60ml/min ► Nefropatie diabetica ► examen efectuat in urgenta ► abord arterial versus venos ► balon de contrapulsatie ► ICC NYHA ¾ ► varsta>75ani ► Mielom

RISC

► Sepsis ► Ciroza ► Sdr. Nefrotic ► anemie ► hipovolemie ► instabilitate hemodinamica ► Sdr.coronarian acut cu Fej scazuta ► Alte nefrotoxine

Cantitate agent de contrast Tip agent de contrast Repetarea in < 2 saptamani

Page 12: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Calculator…

Calculator de risc

2004

Page 13: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Calculator imperfect

Contextul interventional-arterial vs venos(cut off ClCr diferit – 60 vs 45)

Tipul de agent (generatie 1,2 sau 3)

Intervalul de repetare

Asociere de nefrotoxine(ex. AG)

Ce risc calculeaza?

CI-AKI AKI

APASA Daca ai net

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6 7

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Page 16: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING? 2%

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PREVENTIE

TRATAMENT

Page 18: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

ANTIOXIDANTI

REPLETIE VOLEMICA

VASODILATATORI RENALI

HEMODIAFILTRARE

PREVENTIE

MODIFICAREA FACTORILOR DE RISC ATUNCI CAND E POSIBIL.

Page 19: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

VOLUM

NS 1-1.5ml/kg/h pentru 6h inainte si dupa contrast

Bicarbonat izoosmolar 3ml/kg/h cu o ora inainte si 1ml/kg/h pentru 6 ore dupa SC( efect antioxidant – ROS dependent de pH prin r. Haber-Weiss)

Page 20: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

NACC

600-1200 mg oral de 2 ori pe zi cu o zi inainte si in ziua adm. SC

Administrarea iv. este descurajata

Page 21: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Hemodiafiltrare

Imediat dupa adm. SC o poate inlatura dar nu previne CIN/CAN

Nu este recomandata profilactic de cei mai multi autori

Rol profilactic la CKD 5(ClCr< 15ml/min/1.73m2)

Page 22: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Nu au rol, cel putin in prezent

Fenoldopam

Dopamine

Bloc.can Ca

Furosemide

Manitol

PG.

Ac. ascorbic

ANP

ATP

L arginina

IECA

Nebivolol

Aminofilina

Statine

Page 23: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

METFORMIN SI CIN

Update ESUR 2011

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Page 25: Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Concluzii

Este un diagnostic de excludere

Patogeneza ce implica toxicitate directa si VC

Incidenta dependenta de agent,context clinic si interventional

Epidemiologie neclara si extrem de heterogena

Greu de separat de comorbiditati

Preventia implica repletie volemica, +/- NACC si influentarea cator mai multi factori de risc(ex. cantitatea de SC, agentul, raport risc/beneficiu).

ASIGURAREA VOLEMIEI

Page 26: Contrast Induced Nephropathy