contract closeout . part 1 • general 1. upon completion … · upon completion of the work and...

01700CONTRACT CLOSEOUT .

PART 1 • GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. Clean-Up

1. Upon completion of--the Work and before a Certificate of 'SubstantialCompletion is issued by the ENGINEER to the CONTRACTOR, the Work site,storage areas., _ and other areas pccjipied by the CONTRACTOR duringconstruction shall be cleaned, and all surplus and discarded materials, falsework, and rubbish shall be disposed by the CONTRACTOR at afacility/location approved by the ENGINEER. No separate payment will bemade fortlean-up as all such costs shall be included in the Bid.

B. Warranties and Guarantees .

1. Upon completion of the Work and before a Certificate of SubstantialCompletion is issued by the ENGINEER to Tthe CONTRACTOR, ! Warrantiesand Guarantees shall be submitted to the ENGINEER,

2. - Warranties and Guarantees shall include, at a minimum, a warranty of guaranteeof performance sufficient to meet or exceed the technical requirements of thesite-specific Record of Decision.

C. J. 'ProjecVRecord Documents . ., ;.-.-. ;.;

,1. .Upon Completion of the Work _and before a Certificate of SubstantialCompletion Is issued" by the ENGINEER to the CONTRACTOR, all "as-built"Drawings and project record documents shall be complete and submitted to theENGINEER. . . '' ' . "..""

2. Project record documents include, but .are not limited to, the following:

a) Drawings; " '" " 'b ) Specifications; - : . . - - . • . .c) Addenda;d) Site Work Orders, field orders, and other modifications to the Contract;

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e) Approved Shop Drawings;f) Product data and samples;g) ''As-Built" documentation; and,h) Other approved documents submitted by the CONTRACTOR in

compliance with these specifications.

1.02 CLOSEOUT PROCEDURES

A, When the CONTRACTOR considers that the work is substantially complete, it shallsubmit written certification that the Contract Documents have been reviewed, theWork has been inspected, and that the Work is complete in accordance with theContract Documents and is ready for the ENGINEER'S final inspection. .

B, CONTRACTOR shall provide to the ENGINEER "as-built" drawings, all submittalsper Section 01300 of the Specifications, warranties, and other submittals required bythese Specifications or governing authorities.

C. ENGINEER shall, within a reasonable time after receipt of written certification fromCONTRACTOR, conduct-an inspection to determine the status of completion. If theENGINEER determines that the Work is not complete, it shall notify CONTRACTORin writing giving the reasons thereof. The CONTRACTOR shall remedy thedeficiencies noted and submit certification to the, ENGINEER for reinspec on.

D. The CONTRACTOR shall submit project Record Documents to the ENGINEER forOWNER with claim for Final Application for Payment.

E, Evidence of payment and release of liens shall be performed in accordance with therequirements provided in the General Conditions, Article 14.00. " "

PART 2 -PRODUCTS(not used)

PART 3 -EXECUTION(not used)

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6, 1998

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A R 3 1 ! I9UGERAGHTY<S? MILLER. TNC

DIVISION 2 - SITE WORK

02110 ' ' 'SITE CLEARING ..:_ _ . . . . . .

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The Work covered by this Section consists of furnishing all equipment, tools, andlabor necessary for clearing and/or grubbing; stripping surficial vegetation, andstripping and stockpiling vegetated soils; and disposal of trees, brush and perishablematerial of whatsoever nature. All Work shall be performed in accordance with thelimits set forth in the Drawings.. . - " ' / . . :

. B. In the event that this Section conflicts with OWNER'S Engineering Standards, thisSection sftairtake' "precedence; however, the ENGINEER shall be immediatelynotified'for ultimate resolution.

1.02 RELATEDWORK : ;~ ;:;; -

A. Section 01050 V .. • ." Field Engineering

B. " Section 01150. .'. ' Measurement and Payment

C... Section 0220tT "'"" "Earthwork

D.' ... Sectibri 0229.0..." . 1 "Erosion and Sediment Control .

PART 2-PRODUCTS

(not used)

PART 3-EXECUTION

3.01 CLEARING AND GRUBBING REQUIREMENTS

A. Clearing and grubbing shall be performed within the limits of disturbance aSindicated 'on 'the Drawings and only in those areas that require construction activity,such as filling, excavation or construction access. Clearing and grubbing shall be

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performed in such a manner as to minimize as much as possible the overalldisturbance to the site.

B, In the areas to be cleared and grubbed, all trees, stumps, roots, brush, and othervegetation shall be removed. If the trees, stumps, roots and brush are more than twoinches in diameter, they will be removed to a depth of not less than two feet belowthe existing ground surface. All other removal shall be to a depth of 8 inches.

C. All trees, logs, brush, crops, grasses and debris of all kinds, both standing and fallen,shall be cleared and disposed in accordance with Paragraph 3.03 of this Sectionwithout damage to adjoining areas. " 7 "

D. Areas outside of the limits of disturbance shall be protected from damage and no.equipment or materials shall be stored or perform work in those areas.

E. Excess soil resulting from clearing and grubbing operations shall be made free ofstumps, roots, brustu and other vegetative refuse and may be reutilized as fillmaterials beneath the cover system in the foundation layer to achieved delineatedcontours, if the soil meets the requirements of Section 02200. " "_; ]".. =

3.02 STRIPPING VEGETATED SOILS

A. The areas designated by the Drawings to receive fill material shall first be strippedof the surficial 4 to 6 inches of soil. The stripped soils shall be tested in accordancewith Section 02200 and the soils that meet the criteria of Section 02200 shall bestockpiled for re-use as fill material in the foundation layer.

B, The areas designated by the ENGINEER or "the Drawings to be stripped shall firstbe cleared of all vegetation. Grasses may be cut prior to clearing and stripping,

C. The stripped soils that do not meet the criteria set forth in Section 02200 -EARTHWORK, of the specifications shall be disposed of in accordance with part3,03 of this Section.

3,03 DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS

A. All trees, brush, limbs, and other yard waste materials shall be segregated fromgeneral refuse and stockpiled in an area designated by the ENGINEER. These

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materials shall he,- processed,. recycled and/or disposed by CONTRACTOR inaccordance with the State and county requirements and regulations.

B. General refuse and~de~5~ris~ shall be transported to containers located at the transferstation for disposal. Refuse shall be accumulated for a minimum of weeklydisposal. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the hauling and disposal ofdebris and refuse accumulated in the designated areas and containers located on-site,arid which cannot be burned as yard waste.

C. "" Stripped soils thafdo not meet the~criteria set forth in Section 02200, except for thecriteria set forth in Section 1.07, and shall not be used in the foundation layer, unless

. otherwise directed by the ENGINEER. Soils that do not meet the criteria of Section02200 shall not be incorporated into the foundation layer. These materials shall bedisposed by CONTRACTOR in accordance with the State and county requirementsand regulations. No soil shall be utilized without approval of the ENGINEER-

D. - No soils shall be removed from "the site unless otherwise instructed by theENGINEER. --—-——----.-=-- :" ' - . .V ' ' .

END OF SECTION

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02200 _ ' ... .EARTHWORK' . . . . . .

PART 1 • GENERAL1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The Work covered by this Section consists of furnishing all materials, labor, tools,equipment and transportation necessary for all construction as it pertains to theexcavating, stockpiling, backfilling, compacting and grading of earthwork. The Workincludes all hauling., stockpiling, covering, wetting, or drying, dewatering, compactingand other operations pertaining thereto for constructing and preparing the earthworkcomplete in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the ENGINEER

B. The Work shall include, but not be limited to, the following activities:

1. . Clearing and grubbing of site; '_2. Excavation .and. maintenance of' diversion " ditches, inlet, structures, and

sedimentation and erosion control structures; '3. Excavation of perimeter outlet trenches;4. Site grading; " . . . . . . .5,- - Hauling, testing, placing and compacting foundation layer materials to meet

subbase grade and achieve positive gradient for drainage;6. - Hauling, _testing1'and placing protective cover material above the geosynthetic

materials;7. Stockpiling excess soils for future use;

• t . 8. Furnishing and placing vegetative soils; and,9. .' Establishing vegetation. . . '.

C, No soils shall be removed from the site unless otherwise instructed by theENGINEER. .. .... .. : .:..: :: : " : . .... ;

D. All soil types shall consist of material approved by me ENGINEER from on-site oroff-site sources!which have previously been accepted, and/or approved materialsremoved from excavation. During construction, the construction area shall be welldrained. No materials shall be backfilled when either the material or the surfaces onwhich it is to be placed is wet or frozen. When the Work is interrupted by heavy rain,fill operations shall not be resumed until the ENGINEER determines that the moisturecontent and density of the previously placed materials are as specified. -

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1.02 DEFINITIONS

A. foundation Layer** includes a 24-inch thick proof-rolled on-site and, as necessary,off-site common borrow materials to support the geosynthetic materials, as defined bythe ENGINEER.

B. ' Protective Cover Layer" is the soil placed above the geosynthetic layers to serve as"the frost protection layer.

C. Vegetative soil" include soils utilized at the fill surface to support vegetative growth.

D> **Waste material" consists of all excess excavated refuse and debris, removedstructures, or other undesirable materials.

1.03 RELATED WORK

A. Construction Quality Assurance Plan

B, Section 01050 Field Engineering

C. Section 01150 Measurement and Payment

D. Section 02232 Granular Materials

E Section 02711 Geotextile

F, Section 02712 Geocomposite

G. Section 02713 Synthetic Membrane

H. Section 02936 Seeding

1.04 REFERENCES

A. ASTM D-422 Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

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B. ASTMD-2488 , . Visual Description ' r. '

C. ASTM D-1140 ~~" " Soil Particle Size Finer than #200 Sieve

D. ASTMD-1557 - - Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-AggregateMixtures Using 1 0 Pound Rammer and 1 8-Inch Drop,

E. . ..: ASTMD-2216 " Standard Me&od for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil, Rock, and, Soil-Aggregate Mixtures

F. ' ASTM D-2434. , Permeability of Granul'ar Soils (Constant Head)

G. - ASTMD-2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes -

H. " ASTMD-2922-- ;T'"::D nsityof Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by NuclearMethods {Shallow Depth)

I. .ASTMD-2974' ""] "Standard test Metkod'for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic Soils

J. ASTMD-SOIT" "J" M"bisrjjre"Co"ntenfoTSo an"2"SoTl-AggNuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

Kv ASTMD-4318 " " '' Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils

L. ASTMD-4972 ' Test Method fcrpH of Soils"

M. SOILCHEI CAIITIST. RCRA Metals (EPA-SW846, 3050/6010 or Equivalent)Target Compound List VOCs (EPA-SW846, 3550/8240 or Eq.)Target Compound List SVOCs (EPA-SW846, 3550/8240 or Eq.) '

\ ' J1 1 r ff> — \f '"1.05 QUALITV' ASSURANCE :"'" """ ---------- : — c Lu . tfi>- " '*- _

• d.i^it *<• p°' \\'( I'-**

A. All materials, procedures, operations, and methods shall be in strict conformance withthe Drawings and Specifications, and shall be subjected to strict quality control.monitoring as detailed herein, and in the Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan

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prepared for this project. The placed fill soils shall conform exactly to the Drawingsand Specifications, except as otherwise authorized in writing by the ENGINEER

B. The CONTRACTOR shall comprehend and anticipate the CQA activities and accountfor these activities in the installation schedule.

C. Certification of new material evaluation testing shall be performed by meCONTRACTOR on representative soil samples obtained from borrow sourcelocations or from the stockpiles for each material used. All tests shall be documented,and the material shall be accepted or rejected according to the results of these tests.The results of the test shall be submitted to the ENGINEER for review and approval.No imported materials shall be brought on site or used without priorapproval/acceptance of the soil materials/sources for the ENGINEER.

1.06 SUBMfTTALS

A. The CONTRACTOR shall submit to the ENGINEER for review the proposedmethods of construction, including dewatering, excavation, filling, compaction, andbackfill ing for the various portions of the work. Review shall be for method only.The CONTRACTOR shall remain responsible for the adequacy and safety' of themethods.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall submit to the ENGINEER stockpiling plan prior tocommencement of earthwork activities. The plan shall indicate the location andcontents of each stockpile.

C, The CONTRACTOR shall submit the location of all on-site and off-site borrow pits tothe ENGINEER no less than two weeks prior to the anticipated placement of an}'general soil materials.

D. The CONTRACTOR shall submit a 50-pound sample from each of the on-site andof stie borrow pits proposed to furnish the required quantity of general soil materials.The samples shall be submitted to the ENGINEER no less than two weeks prior to theanticipated placement of any general soil materials.

E. The CONTRACTOR shall submit the results of the ASTM tests listed below no lessthan two weeks prior to the anticipated placement of any materials for each borrow pit

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location and designated fill classification to verify that the soil materials meet thetechnical requirements of Section "022QO. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsiblefor determining that all borrow materials are uncontaminated and meet therequirements specified in Section 02200. No materials shall be placed withoutapproval by the ENGINEER. - ,

F. The CONTRACTOR shall submit Jhe results of the test pit investigation to theENGINEER no" less man. one week prior to the anticipated placement of foundationlayer. . - . - . . . . _ . . . . .

PARAMETER ASTM TEST FREQUENCY FILL CLASSIFICATION___________ METHOD __________ - ______________ ,

Moisture Content ' D-2216 ' ' One per S.OOO.cy or each Foundation and Protectivechange in Material Type """" ' Cover soils

Soil Classification. " D-2487 One.per5.OMcy or "each ~~ " Foundation and Protectivechange in Material. Type Cover soils

Particle-Size - - — D-422 One per 5,000 cy "or each " Foundation and ProtectiveAnalysis -. ••-.---..- . change in Material Type ' Cover soils •

Atterberg Limits _=./ .... D-43.18 Oneper 5.000 cy breach "" Foundation and Protectivechange in. Material Type " Cover soils

Modified Proctor . .D-1557 ' .'.. - One per 5,000..cy br'each Foundation and Protectivechange in Material Type . . Cover soils

pH - - - . . - - - - ~ :---'-' -'•"•$ g'2"-"-- Oneper%6dOcy "" """"" 'Vegetative soil

Organic Content "_"="7_ "'~ 15.-iS4 ""-"" One per 2,0*00 cy ' • Vegetative soil

Hydraulic . J __ D-2434 One per 1,000 cy or each " 'VGas Vent Trench soilConductivity • change in Material Type

The test results shall be submitted to the ENGINEER no less than one week prior to the anticipatedplacement of any genera] soil materials furnished from off-site.

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1,07 CLEAN SOIL CRITERIA

In addition to the tests specified in 1.06. the contractor shall perform pre-construction materialevaluation to confirm the adequacy of procured materials for each soil type from each source area.The material evaluation shall include the review of existing source area certification of testing or theperformance and review of testing for the parameters specified in 1.04(M). Standard testing methodsand criteria to be used for the determination of the acceptability of the material shall be inconformance with those specified in 1.04 (M). One sample for testing will be collected per 5,000cubic yards of soil, unless specifically indicated otherwise, shall be performed on each material typeor source,

The landfill cap soil material shall be free of hazardous materials, trash or other deleterioussubstances. All imported soil shall be certified clean by suppliers). .Prior to accepting borrowmaterials, representative soil samples shall be analyzed for heavy metals, volatile compounds (VOCs)and semi-volatile compounds (SVOCs). Analytical results' shall demonstrate that the cleanmaterials'SQurces do not exceed acceptable health base levels of heavy metals and contain nodetectable VOCs and SVOCs. The certifications and analytical data of clean soil materials/sourcesshall be reviewed by the USEPA and the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) prior toimport. Contractor shall be solely responsible for obtaining and utilization of the clean imported soil.The Owner may conduct a material audit including sampling and testing for suspected substances inthe borrow material/sources.

For the purpose of This project, acceptable health based levels (USGS 1984) of heavy rnetais (RCRAmetals) are: . . t \ • . -

'' *~ Aisenic <*

Barium <600mg/kgCadmium <4mg/kgOiromium (total) <40mg/kgLead <50 mg/kgMercury <5 mg/kgSelenium <80 mg/kg ". " ".Silver <7 mg/kg . . . ... "

The clean soil criteria for organic compounds are specified as no detectable VOCs and SVOCs or asotherwise approved by ENGINEER.

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1.08 SOILTESTING _ •_——-—-.--_----——-. -

• A. • -Prior to. the general placement of soil, and during such placement,, the ENGINEERshall select areas within the limits of the fill for testing the degree of compactionobtained. The CONTRACTOR shall cooperate My to allow the ENGINEER toperform testing. .' ' " " ~~~ """ ' " "" ~""."" " " ~~

B. -Payment for~lri-place tesung will be made by the OWNER. If test results areunsatisfactory, all costs involved in correcting deficiencies in compacted materials tothe satisfaction of the ENGINEER,.." and any additional costs for re-testing will beborne by the CONTRACTOR - '^ "\- --"'"."" •.".=:~*"""." . -

C.-~.- -,Tlielestrrrg""frequency required in Paragraph 1.06 of this Section may be increased atthe discretion of the ENGINEER when visual observation or constructionperformance indicate a potential problem.

D. Any penetrations'iii'the foundation layer as a result of testing (i.e.,. field testing) mustbe repaired by the CONTRACTOR using compacted on-site common borrowmaterial.

PART2-MATERIALS

2.01 FOUNDATION LAYER '"_ :.---= ._-.-.---- -' :

Foundation layer. shall consist of proof-rolled and graded in-place (at the time of closure) soil,substantially free from" organic materials, loam, wood, trash, and other objectionable materialswhich may be compressible _ or which cannot be properly compacted. Foundation layermaterial shall not contain concretions larger than one half (1/2) inch in largest diameter. Thefoundation shall not contain debris, such as rock, blocks, broken concrete, masonry rubble or

. other similar materials.. It shall have physical properties such that it can readily spread and becompacted during filling. Prior to placement of the foundation layer, the trenches for the gascollection pipes shall be installed within the waste. These trenches shall be backfilled with aclean gravel material, to prevent clogging of the. pipe perforations. Snow, ice, and frozenmaterial shall not be permitted. . ~. ~- -"- ----- — --- - .---" -

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The Foundation Layer shall have a minimum'thickness 24" throughout the site, with threelandfill gas collection trenches located as shown on Drawing No. B5. The average depth ofthe existing random fill over the landfill is 12". The existing random fill shall be regraded,after clearing and grubbing to allow placement of a minimum of 6" of common fill underthe geomembrane to achieve a thickness .of 24" for the foundation layer. TheCONTRACTOR shall be responsible for installing test pits prior to regrading activities todetermine the thickness of the existing random fill. A minimum of-two test pits per acreshall be required; the need for additional test pits shall be evaluated by the ENGINEERbased on the degree of variability in thickness of the random fill in each acre. TheCONTRACTOR shall obtain approval by the ENGINEER prior to installing additional testpits. The 6" of common fill shall be "select fill" and be cohesive but not highly plastic, i.e.:SC-SM SC, CL-ML and CL, as classified by ASTM D 2487 (Unified Soil ClassificationSystem) and not contain material that will cause damage to the geosynthetics. Materialsunsuitable for use a select fill will include debris, roots, brush, sod, organic or frozenmaterials or soils classified as PT, OH, or OL'by.ASTM 2487. The select fill will becompacted and test pits will be recompacted to 90% of maximum density, standard Proctoranalysis.

2,02 PROTECTIVE MATERIAL

Protective materials shall consist of common borrow or other approved materials substantiallyfree from organic materials, loam, wood, trash, and other objectionable materials which maybe compressible. Protective materials shall not contain material larger .than one (1) inch toprotect the underlying or overlying geosynthetics and shall lie .within the supplied gradationlimits (see Figure 2200-1). Materials shall not be excessively wet or saturated. Snow, ice andfrozen soil also shall not be permitted. Protective material shall be a miriimum of 18 inchesthick.

The soils proposed shall be "select fill" and be cohesive but not highly plastic, i.e.: SC-SM,SC, CL-ML and CL, as classified by ASTM D-2487 (Unified Soil Classification System) andnot contain material that would cause damage to the geosynthetics. Materials unsuitable foruse as select £11 would include debris, roots, brush, sod, organic or frozen materials or soilsclassified as PT, OH, or OL by ASTM 2487.

2.03 VEGETATIVE SOIL

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Vegetative soil shall consist of loose,, friable,, and loamy soil material (loam, sandy loam, siltyloam, sandy clay loam, clay loam) and shall be free of debris, trash, stumps, rocks, roots, andweeds. Vegetative soil shall be a minimum 6-inch thick layer of topsoil which shall be placedover the protective.cover layer to support healthy vegetation and shall not contain substanceswhich .may be toxic to humans or plants. The fraction of particles passing through the 10-mesh sieve shall not contain more than 40 percent clay. Organic matter content shall begreater than 3. percent but.less than 20 percent by weight, and pH shall be within the range 6.0and 7.5. Lime shall be added'appropriately if the pH is less than 6.0.

2.04 GAS VENT TRENCHMATERIALS . . . . . .

A. Gas vent trench materials shall consist of washed" gravel that are tree of any materials,roots, trees, stumps, concrete, construction .debris, other organic matter and deleteriousmaterials.. The material shall meet the gradation requirements defined in Section02232,. Part 2.0T. and set forth by the Maryland. Department of Transportation,Construction and Material Specifications. "

B. The gradation foil clean gravel to be_ used; in the gas venting trenches shall be, granular material..no coarser than .0.375" and classified as sand-poorly graded (SP);

it shall be smooth and rounded and should contain no debris nor should it containfines that could reduce permeability. Hydraulic conductivity should be no less than1 x l.O"2 cm/sec as deterirnned by ASTM D-2434-. :-

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 "GENERAL . • . .. . . ....... ... . .... ..... .. .

A.. . Wet, soft, frozen or otherwise unsuitable subgrade shall be excavated and backfilledwith subbase fill, so that fill materials will ultimately be placed on a firm foundation.

B... . Where the conveyance benches, diversion ditches, and stormwater management pondsrequire-excavations, they shall be cut accurately as directed by the. ENGINEER. Allroots, stumps, rock and foreign matter in the sides and bottom of excavations shall beremoved.. Excavations and filling shall conform to the slope, grade, and shape of thesection shown. Care shall be taken not to excavate below the grades indicated.Excessive'excavation shall be backfilled to grade with suitable, thoroughly compacted

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fill material as directed by the ENGINEER, with no "additional cost 10 the OWNER.All trenches, benches, ditches, and structures excavated under this Section shall bemaintained until final acceptance of the Work.

C, Off-site structures, utilities, roadways, and other facilities shall be protected fromdamage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, wash-out and otherhazards created b}' the earthwork operations or delivery of'fill materials.

D. The integrity of all electrical lines, piping, and any other utilities is. the responsibilityof the CONTRACTOR. If damaged, they shall be repaired at CONTRACTORSexpense.

E Pumping and Drainage

1. At all times during construction and up to the point of actual turnover toOWNER, the CONTRACTOR shall provide and maintain proper equipmentand facilities to remove all water generated from construction activities, andkeep the work area dry so as to obtain a satisfactory undisturbed subgradefoundation condition until the synthetic system and overlying fill have beencompleted to such extent that they will not be floated or otherwise damaged byallowing water levels to return to natural levels. Where required, design of anappropriate dewatering system will be the responsibility of theCONTRACTOR, submitted to the ENGINEER for review prior tocommencing work.

2, Dewatering shall at all times be conducted in such a manner "as to preserve the-undisturbed bearing capacity of the subgrade soils.

F. If the moisture content of the fill material is outside the accepted range, the soil shallbe wetted or dried, as appropriate.

1. Fill material that is too wet to permit compaction shall be removed andstockpiled or spread and allowed to dry. Drying time may "be decreased. bydisking, harrowing, or pulverizing until moisture content .is reduced to asatisfactory level.

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2.... Fill material that is too dry. shall be wetted uniformly so as to prevent free,' water appearing on the surface during or subsequent to compaction operations.

G. '" Any delays in progress" due'to wetting or drying 'of soil shall be the responsibility oftheCONTMCTQR- . \:;.w:;"_.;,..... : r " :zi:r;. . ....;.

H, - Soils placed in fill areas shall be .graded, to smooth true lines, strictly conforming togrades indicated on "the Drawihgsr ...;-.;..' """.""--""-;"-" ", , " -

I. . The CONTRACTOR shall subcontract a Professional Land Surveyor registered in theState of Maryland to certify that .all soil material has been placed to the lines, grades,and elevations presented on the Drawings. "The CONTRACTOR may use in-housepersonnel for the certification, provided the certification is performed by a surveyorregistered in the State of Maryland. ~ " .: ". " :"~:~~~ ""

J. Fill materials shall be placed in such a manner as to facilitate drainage at all times.Ponding of sur'face-'water run-off shall not be permitted.

K. . If compaction "or other tests, indicate that any portion of the work does not meet thespecified requirements, then the CONTRACTOR shall remove that section, replaceand re-compact at no additional cost to. the.OWNER. Determinations of the extent ofremoval and the acceptability of the in-place. fill materials shall be made by theENGINEER;- - -v-s-r::; .~- .: .zir rr ™.,:,::..,. . . . .

L. . If significant jjrecipitalion causes wet conditions placement and compaction activitiesshall be suspended until the conditions have .dried sufficiently to. continue as approvedby the ENGINEER: -.' .- .-;--: —-: —- -..----- • - -..- .

M. Equipment of vehicles shall not be allowed to travel in a single track or form ruts. Anyruts or .irregularities, formed .shall .be scarified and re-compacted by the•CONTRACTOR at his. expense as required and directed by the ENGINEER. ..

N. Prior to backfilling fill materials, the areas shall be prepared in accordance withSection "02110. .The foundation "layer shall be proof-roiled to achieve a compact,uniform grade, and the surface shall be free of stones", limbs, or other debris.. Prior toplacement of fill material, the surface, must be cleared of vegetative material and proof

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . .. : .:=.T:: T":7~.". "::;~: ... ___... .... ".."REVISION NO. 01CECIL "COUNTY, MARYLAND . . . JUNE 17,. 1998

02200-11 " "--™-- -- -

ARCADlSGERAGHTY&MiLLER fl.R 3 t 1208

02200 - - - - -EARTHWORK

rolled using compaction equipment 40.000"to" 70,000- Ib. in weight, to meet thespecified compaction requirements defined in Section 02200. §3.02.

0. Inspection:

1. Prior to implementing any of the Work in this Section, the CONTRACTORshall carefully inspect the installed Work of all other Sections and verify thatall Work is complete to the point where the Work of this Section may properlycommence without adverse impact. . -

2. If the CONTRACTOR has any concerns regarding the installed Work of otherSections, CONTRACTOR shall notify the ENGINEER in writing! Failure tonotify the ENGINEER prior to conducting Work within this or other Sectionswill be construed as CONTRACTOR'S acceptance of the related Work of allother Sections. , . -" "

3,02 BACKFILLING

A. Foundation Layer

1. Foundation material shall meet the requirements of Part 2-01 of mis Section,

2.. The entire landfill surface shall be proof-rolled prior to. the placement of thefoundation layer. The ENGINEER shall inspect the area for any soft orcompressible areas. Any defective areas shall be corrected accordingly.

3. Foundation shall be graded to the contour elevations shown on the Drawings.Additional material shall be placed, if necessary, to achieve the rninimumfoundation layer depths, as shown on the Drawings. The CONTRACTORshall be responsible for conducting a test pit investigation to determine thethickness of the existing random fill prior to regrading activities. A minimumof two test pits per acre shall be installed.

4. The surface shall be finished with a smooth roller at the end of each day sothat the surface is smooth and without indentations or depressions.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND • JUNE 17,1998

02200-12ARCADISGERAGHTY&MILLER . A R 3 I 1.209

02200 .EARTHWORK .'....,

5. The CONTRACTOR shall not place, spread, or compact material. duringheavy rain or snow (sufficient to cause ponding, run-off or accumulation), highwinds as determined by the ENGINEER, or while the subgrade is frozen. Ifwork is interrupted by heavy, rain, operations shall be resumed using onlymaterial which still meets the specifications for moisture and density.

6. At the end of "each work day, the entire area shall be left in a state thatpromotes surface drainage off and away from'the subbase and areas soon to befilled.-.. ,. „ " . - - " - " ........... .- .. . :.;.;.;;.;„ .

7. Foundation layer shall be compacted to 90 percent of maximum dry densityobtainable or more. The soil shall _be compacted at a range of 1 percent belowto 3 percent above the optimum moisture content "as determined by, ASTM D-1557; ~ '". ' - - -"..'"". " • • " , •

8. . .A maximum 5 percent of all field moisture content test results are permittedoutside the specified range. The outliers are. however, not permitted to beconcentrated in one lift or one area, and no. "moisture content shall be less than 2percent or more than 4 percent of the optimum moisture content. The area!extent is at the discretion of the ENGINEER.

9. .A.maximum 5 percent of all field dry density, test results are permitted outsidethe outside the specified range. The outliers axe, however, not permitted to be •concentrated in one lift or one area, and no dry density less than 87 percent asdetermined by ASTM D-1557 is permitted. The areal extent is at the discretionoftheENGiNEER. ..:;.:;:;.:::..".;,. .,..-,,_.

101 . The.: criteria set forth .in (8) and (9) of* this'part have been exceeded, theCONTRACTOR shall remove the failing foundation' soil and replace, compact,and grade new, acceptable soil at no cost to the OWNER.

B. . -Protective Cover Layer . " - • • • - • -

1. ' Protective cover layer material shall meet the requirements of Part 2,02 of thissection. . "

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . _;. .... , . . . . . . . . REVISION NO. 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND /- ..:_:.,",.:...... "...::::r :.:;:;.....,, .... . . . JUNE.17,1998

022.0.0,13ARCAD1S GERAGHTY&M1LLER A R 3 II 2 I Q

02200 " ' :" -EARTHWORK - ' . . _ _ . - .

2. Protective cover soil shall be placed in two lifts composed of compacted lifts of9 inches. The remaining 6 inches of soil will be comprised of vegetative soil.Compaction of the cover soil shall be accomplished by any appropriate meansrequired to achieve the minimum in-place densities; however, a minimurn offour passes of the dozer is required.

3. Cover "soil shall be compacted to 85 percent of maximum dry densityobtainable as determined by ASTM D-1557." The soil shall be compactedwithin a range of 1 percent below to 3 percent above the optimum moisturecontent as determined by ASTM D-1557.

4. A maximum 5 percent of all field moisture content test results are permittedoutside the specified range. The outliers are, however, not permitted to beconcentrated in one lift or one area, and no moisture content shall be less than 2percent or more than 4 percent of the optimum .moisture content. The arealextent is at the. discretion of the ENGINEER. -'

5. A maximum 5 percent of all field dry density test results are"permjtted outsidethe specified range. The outliers are. however, not permitted to be concentratedin one lift or one area, and no dry density less than 82 percent as determined byASTM D-1557 is permitted. The areal extent is at the discretion of theENGINEER.

6. If the criteria set forth in (4) and (5) of this part have been exceeded, theCONTRACTOR shall remove the failing cover soil and replace, compact, andgrade new acceptable fill at no cost to the OWNER. , -

C, Vegetative soil

1. Vegetative soil shall meet the requirements of Part 2.03 of this Section. Soilmixing is permitted to achieve the desired characteristics. Soil mixing shall beconducted prior to placing the material, and the mixed material shall be testedin accordance with this Section.

2. Vegetative soil layer for the cover system shall consist of a 6-inch thick soillayer. This layer shall be placed and graded to the contour elevations shown

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION.NO. 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND - -JUNE 17, 1998

02200-14 : :

ARCADISGERAGHTY&M1LLER AR3 1 I 2 I I

02200-".,- -- . . . . . . . . . .• EARTHWORK..- .....--::." "

on the Drawings." The soil shall be capable of supporting vegetation on acontinuing basis with a perennial, stand of native grass,

3. All ground areas disturbed by construction under this contract and not builtover, paved or otherwise surfaced. - - *

4. Prior to placing vegetative spilv vegetation shall be removed from the area andthe ground surface cleared of all other materials that would hinder propergrading, tillage or subsequent maintenance operations.

5.' • Previously constructed grades shall be repaired,, if necessary, so that the areasto be covered with vegetative soil shall conform to the section indicated on theDrawings upon completion of vegetative "soil.placement.

6. " Subsequent to grading, "grpunds areas" tojpe. covered with vegetative soil shallbe thoroughly scarified by approved means to a depth of at least 3 inches forbonding of vegetative soil with the. subsoil.. The work shall be performed onlyduring periods..when beneficial results are likely to be obtained; i.e. whenconditions are such, b}' reason of drought, excessive moisture, or other factors,that satisfactory results are not likely to be obtained, the work will be stoppedby the ENGINEER and'shalTbe resumed only when directed. Undulations orirregularities .in the surface that would interfere with further constructionoperations or maintenance shall be leveled before the next specified operation.

7. The vegetative soil layer shall be uniformly.distributed on the designated areasand evenly spread to. a minimum loose thickness of 6 inches. The spreadingshall be performed in such manner that planting can proceed with littleadditional soil preparation or tillage. In areas where.slopes are steeper than5H:1V, some light compaction (one coverage by a bulldozer) of the. topsoillayer is required to prevent surface sloughing. The surface resulting from"placing vegetative soil ..shall . meet. the final grades as indicated on the.DrawingsT "Vegetative soil shall not be placed when the subgrade is frozen,excessively wet, extremely dry, or in. a condition otherwise detrimental toproper grading or the proposed planting.

3.03 -(NOT USED)

WOODLAWN""LANDFILL" " '.:::.!.......::: " - . REVISION NO. 01CECIL COUNTY,. MARYLAND "::: ' •"..".". ....../;:_::::.. ,.:: ' JUNE 17:1998

02200-15. ' . , . .

ARCAD1S GERAGHTY&MILLER A R 3 I I 2 I 2

02200 .EARTHWORK

3,04 EXCESS MATERIALS

A. No excavated materials snail be removed from the site, except as specified by theENGINEER. All general refuse or debris shall be placed in containers located at thesite entrance or at other location as specified by the ENGINEER. Yard waste shall besegregated and stockpiled in an area designated by the OWNER for subsequentburning. All clearing and grubbing waste and soil waste shall be disposed inaccordance with Section 02110.

B, Suitable materials, as determined by tests discussed in these specifications, shall beclassified and stockpiled in approved areas for immediate or future use.

C, Stockpiles shall be graded to drain; no surface-water ponding is permitted onstockpiles. Stockpiles shall be covered with plastic sheeting "or other material topreserve soil integrity. . ' .. - .. • .

D. -Inactive stockpiles shall be covered as discussed in Part 3.04 C.

3,05 GRADING

A, Rough grading of the site shall be performed to establish a base upon which £11material and each component of the final cover system can be adequately placed.

B. Uneven areas and low spots which may develop in the backfill operations.shall beeliminated via minor excavations or placement of subbase fill material. Levels,profiles and contours of the final site configuration shall be maintained as establishedon the Drawings. - . ..

C. The areas to be backfilled shall be uniformly graded to within the limits of gradingunder this Section, including adjacent transition areas. ;~A smooth finished surfaceshall result within specified tolerances, compact with uniform levels or slopes betweenpoints where elevations are indicated, or between such points and existing grades tothe satisfaction of the ENGINEER.

D, Constructed slopes shall be blended into existing undisturbed areas gradually in orderto provide neat, clean transition zones. Feathering of constructed slopes into existing

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO, 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND JUNE 17, 1998

02200-16 .ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER « R 3 I i 2 I 3

02200" :.:".._".. . .":,." - -EARTHWORK. .

grades shall be accomplished to promote natural drainage and to eliminate possiblesurface-water ponding..'

E. . ..:' The right is reserved by the ENGINEER to" make, minor adjustments or revisions inlines or grades if found necessary'as the work progresses'" due to discrepancies on theDrawings or in order to obtain satisfactory construction. CONTRACTOR shall reportany suspected discrepancies'to'the ENGINEER as soon as detected.

3,06 CRITERIA AND TOLERANCES

A. Compaction and moisture content criteria and tolerances are'discussed in Part 3.02 ofthis Section. """ . " "/" . . " ' ". • " " -

-?- . - ' - . .

B. :.[... - Final grades shall be within two tenths of one (0.2) foot below to five tenths of one(0.5) foot above (-0,2 _to.-KL5) the grades and contours indicated on the Drawings.

C. ..-In recognition of the moisture-density relationship of soils, the ENGINEER maydirect that the compaction and moisture content tolerances be modified if required byvariabilities in the soils. This decision, if required, will be based on the ENGINEER'Sinterpretation of the laboratory analyses for each soil.

3.07 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. The CONTRACTOR shall test the in-place density and moisture content of the.foundation layer and. protective cover layer, in accordance with ASTM D-2922 andASTM D-3017, respectively. CONTRACTOR", testing" shall be conducted at afrequency of not less man five tersts per acre per"HftT The" designated CQA personnelwill confirm these test results through independent testing. Every 25th nuclear densityand moisture test shall be verified in accordance with ASTM D-1556 and ASTM D-2216, respectively, and "shall be performed by. the ENGINEER, or designated CQApersonnel.

B. '.. "..CONTRACTOR shall provide field control, i.e.. grade stakes, to determine layerthickness. ..The ENGINEER, will perform verifying thickness measurements in thefield as specified in the Construction Quality' Assurance (CQA) Plan.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL v T T"t\!ra:.:'~-.V '--'_"' .:::r :-::'r:/ REVISION NO. 01CECIL COOTTY7MARYLAND " ' " . . . . . . '.' . . JUNE 17,1998

02200-17 " •

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER A R 3 M 2

02200EARTHWORK

C. The CONTRACTOR shall provide a rninirnum of 24 hours notice to the ENGINEERwhen each compacted lift is ready for confirmation testing by the ENGINEER.CONTRACTOR shall have previously, determined through independent testing, thatthe area is complete and adequate for confirmation testing.

D, The CONTRACTOR shall provide access and repair any damage to the subgradecaused by correctly performed tests, and cooperate in other ways necessary to permitthe ENGINEER to conduct confirmation testing when and. where desired and asexpeditiously as possible.

E, Fill material shall not be placed over a lift which has not been tested and approved bythe ENGINEER.

F. All placement operations shall comply with all requirements of the CQA Plan.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL - REVISlbNKO. OTCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND - - JUNE 17,1998

02200-18

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER S R 3 I I 2 I 5

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A R 3 I 121 6

02232GRANULAR MATERIALS

PARTI-GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The Work covered by this section consists of furnishing all labor, materials, tools,equipment and incidentals necessary for obtaining and placing the granular andriprap components as indicated on the Drawings and specified herein.

1.02 RELATED WORK

A. . Construction Quality Assurance Plan

-B. Section 01050 - Field Engineering

C. Section Oil50 -Measurement and Payment

D. .-Section 02200 - - Earthwork

E, "; Section "02290" '- . Erosion and Sediment Control

F; ". "SectionT627li~" Geotextiles

1.03 REFERENCES " . : - - -" . " " : -" . '

A. - ASTM C-136 "... . J Stanclarci Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Aggregates .

B. ASTM Db2434" - Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)

1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. All materials, procedures, operations, and methods shall be in strict conformancewith the Drawings and these Specifications, and shall be subjected to strict qualitycontrol monitoring as detailed herein, and in the Construction Quality Assurance(CQA) Plan prepared for this project. The placed fill soils shall conform exactly tothe Drawings and these Specifications, except as otherwise authorized in Writing bythe ENGINEER. .-'- ' - -:

B.- - The CONTRACTOR shall comprehend and anticipate the CQA activities andaccount for these activities in the installation schedule.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL ' " " " " " „ - . . . ., . REVISION NO. 00 : "CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6,1998

, 02232-1

GERAGHTY # MLLLER.INC. . . O

02232GRANULAR MATERIALS

1.05 SUBMITTALS

A. The CONTRACTOR shall submit the location of all borrow pits to the ENGINEERno less Than two weeks prior to the anticipated placement of any granular materials.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall submit a 50-pound sample from each of the borrow pitsproposed to furnish the required quantity of gravel and riprap materials. Thesamples shall be submitted to the ENGINEER no less than two weeks prior to theanticipated placement of any granular materials.

C. The CONTRACTOR shall submit the results of the particle-size analysis conductedin accordance with ASTM C-136 for every 1,000 cubic yards of materials broughtto the site. The test results shall verify that the material meets the technicalrequirements of these specifications. The test results shall be submitted to theENGINEER no less than one week prior to the anticipated placement of anygranular materials.

D. The CONTRACTOR shall provide, two (2) weeks prior to delivery, riprapgradation information from the material supplier.

E, The CONTRACTOR shall submit the results of permeability testing conducted hiaccordance with ASTM D-2434 for every 1,000 cubic yards of material brought tothe site. The test results shall verify that the material meets the technicalrequirements of these specifications. The test results shall be submitted to theENGINEER no less than one week prior to the anticipated placement of anygranular materials.

PART 2 - MATERIALS ;

2.01 GRANULAR MATERIALS

A. GRAVEL

1. Gravel shall consist of hard, strong, durable, sub-rounded to well-roundedparticles that are free of any materials, roots, trees, stumps, concrete,construction debris, other organic matter, and deleterious materials.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . . APRIL 6, 1998

02232-2

GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. A_R 3 I I 2 I 8

02232 ' • . .GRANULAR MATERIALS

.The gravel used on the main access road shall meet the gradationrequirements set forth by the Maryland Department of Transportation,Construction and "Material Specifications for AASHTO M43; No. 57aggregate as given below and as determined by ASTM C-136:

Sieve Size Percent Passing

1-/a inch ' . . . I'OO ./1-inch '95-100 ..%-inch - ------ —-inch 25-6Q " ' '.

3/8-inch . — -. - -m4__._ ._ ^ _ - _ ' _ . _ _ _ . . . . D-1Q. .

.--No, 8 .. . ... ..... ..0-5

:The gravel used in the. construction of the perimeter outlet design shallconsist of coarse aggregate, size 4-inch tp_.7-jnch.

4. Gravel used in the gas vent trenches shall have, a minimum permeability of1x10'3 cm/sec as'determined by ASTM D-2434. Material shall be no coarserthan 0.375" and classified as sand-poorly graded (SP).

B. RIPRAP

1. .Riprap shall consist of hard, durable non-friable rock that is free of anymetals, roots, trees, stumps, concrete, .construction debris, other organicmatter and deleterious materials. . " .

2. The riprap used for sedimentation structure inlet and outfall protection as •shown on the Drawings shall be. Riprap, D^ = 12 inches, D85= 6 to 18inches. . . - . . • - . ' . . . - . , . ' .

3. . .:The riprap used for flood protection, i.e" lining the'perimeter berm anddrains, shall be Riprap, D50 = 6 inches,DgS- 3 to 12 inches.drains, snau oe saprap, u50 = o mcnes, UgS= j 10 i . m ncs.

4. The riprap shall be visually inspected by the ENGINEER priorinstallation to verify that the riprap meets the sizing requirement.

to

WOODLAWNLANDFILL..-../::/-.,- ::;;::-::.:...,.,..:.:_: .. / .. REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND... ...., _". '_'_ """"_:"•"." '" " _"" JUNE 17; 1998

02232-3 . :..:>.; . . . .

ARCAD1S GERAGHTY&MILLER , S R 3 I I 2 I 9

02232 . '.. ... - - -GRANULAR MATERIALS

C. FILTER AGGREGATE .: _ ..-.!:__*....:_ '.:,.. . -.:: : __

1, Graded filter diaphragm and graded filter outlet drain material shall conformto ASTM C-33 fine aggregate, as given below.

Sieve Size Percent Passing

%-mch 100No. 4 90-100 .No. 10 70-100No. 20 . 50-85No. 50 25-50No. 100 8-30 'No. 140 0-15No. 200 . " 0-5.

2. The filter aggregate shall have a maximum particle size of 3 inches.

PART 3-EXECUTION

3,01 INSPECTION

A. Before applying granular materials, verify that underlying geotextiles are free oftears, holes, wrinkles, and foreign objects, and are .securely anchored.

B. Verify that finished grades, slopes and elevations conform to specifiedrequirements. Misgraded work shall be corrected at no additional cost to theOWNER. Notify the ENGINEER immediately if a specified grade, slope orelevation appears inconsistent with the others specified.

C. - At the beginning of each day's work the ENGINEER shall inspect the previouslyplaced granular material and take whatever corrective action, if any, that theENGINEER deems appropriate, at no extra cost to the OWNER, unless the actionrequested is clearly beyond the scope of this contract This may include, but is notlimited to removal of layer(s).

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . . ; r .: JUNE 17.1998

02232-4 - :.--

ARCAD1S GERAGHTY&MILLER ^ R 3 i I 2 2 0 .

02232. ... - . . . .• GRANOLAR MATERIALS ..

3.02 PLACEMENT OF GRANULARlVlATERIAL - - ,.

A. CONTRACTOR shall not allow heavy equipment to operate directly on exposedgeotextile. Construct a platform of the granular material from which additionalmaterial can be spread. ; . - . _ - - . . . . . . .; _.

B. - -- Materials shall be placed, not dumped, to limits and grades shown on Drawings.

C. CONTRACTOR shall not operate equipment in a manner that will cause equipmentto dig into "the geosynthetics, _If this.occurs, even inadvertently, the area shall be

! cleared to demonstrate LO the satisfaction of the ENGINEER that the geosynthetics"have not been damaged. Any damage will be immediately repaired at theCONTRACTOR'S expense. , - . " .:...::. . ;;; ,w. .

D, .. --Material shall be spread "and "graded in one lift to the thickness shown on thedrawings. " -..;"_._"_. /. ; :."."__ 1^._^.L_^L_. ' - - - - ' - '.'.".'. _-"

E... ". . Granular material shall be placed, in conformance with of Section 02711(GeoTextiles). . . . . :. ,

F. Excess granular material, resulting' from the decornrnissioning of the temporarysedimentation basin shall be reutilized at the'outlet of the regraded ditches. . .

G; Graded filter diaphragm and graded, filter, outlet drain material .shall be installed byplacing material in.4-inch .thickL horizontal layers, as measured prior to- compaction.Each layer shall be compacted using a minimum-of two passes with a hand-operated.vibrating plate-type compactor. . . '

3.03- CRITERIA ANB-TOLERANCES -

A. Final grades shall .be within two tenths of oiae_(04) foot below to five tenths of one(0.5)"foot above (-0.2 to +0.5)' the'grades and contours indicated on the Drawings.These tolerences do not apply for riprap.

B. A maximum 5 percent of .all sieve analysis results for the No. 57 stone are permittedoutside the specified range. No, 57 stone shall not contain' particles greater than 2-inches and particles less-than the No. 16 sieve. .The outliers are, however, notpermitted to be concentrated in one area. The areal extent is at the discretion of theENGINEER.:.: . v ". . ' . . : Z" '"".'"V-.v:.:.:. .

WOODLAWN LANDFILL ....,:,..:...::..;..::.-.;" _,'. .....-.._....... REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND""." .. ."."" . •'.'.".".:.';' - - - - - JUKE 17,1998

• 02232-5

• - , - -ARCAD1S GERAGHTY& MILLER fl R 3 I i 2 2 t

02232 . —- . _... . . . . .GRANULAR MATERIALS

3.04 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL - . . . . . . " " : . : " . .

A. The ENGINEER will perform thickness measurements in the field to determinecompliance with the design specifications.

B. CONTRACTOR shall comply with all requirements of the Construction QualityAssurance (CQA) Plan.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . , REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND JUNE 17,1998

02232-6

ARCAD1S GERAGHTY&MILLER ^ R 3 t I 2 2 2

- - 02290- . .....—..;EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

PART 1 • GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The Work covered by this Section consists of furnishing all materials, equipment,tools and labor to construct erosion and sediment control systems.

B. The Work to be performed includes, but is not limited to, silt fences, diversion ditches,earthen berms, and site surface drainage as specified herein and as shown on theDrawings. . . - : • • . - . . - • - .

1.02 RELATED WORK

A. Section 01150 Measurement and Payment

B.. Section'02200 Earthwork

C-. Section02711 ."""" GeoTexules

1.03 REFERENCES " " • "-"--""

A. Maryland Standards and Specifications for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control (1994).

B. USEPA Technical Guidance Document: FinaTCovers on Hazardous Waste Landfillsand Surface impoundments (1989). " " •

1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE " ' "''. '

A. All materials, procedures, operations, and methods shall be hi strict conformance withthe Drawings and these Specifications, and shall be subjected to strict quality controlmonitoring as detailed herein, and in the CQA Plan prepared for this project. Theinstalled erosion and sediment controls shall conform exactly to the Drawings andthese Specifications, except as otherwise authorized in writing by the ENGINEER.

B. "The CONTRACTOR shall comprehend and anticipate the CQA activities and accountfor these activities in the installation schedule.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL ~ :. . . : . REVISION NO. ooCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND.." ' / " , ' " . " APRIL 6,1998

02290-1

GERAGHTY# MILLER,INC. '' A R 3 I I 2 2 3

02290EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

1.05 SUBMITTALS

A. Product data shall be submitted as indicated in Section 01300 - SUBMITTALS.

B. CONTRACTOR shall submit manufacturer's product data for silt fence to theENGINEER for approval. .

PART2-PRODUCTS

2.01 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MATERIALS

A. Silt Fence: CONTRACTOR shall supply silt fence to control surface-water runoffand sediment. Acceptable silt fence material shall be Geotextile Class F that meets orexceeds the criteria provided in Table 02290-1.

B. Riprap: CONTRACTOR shall supply riprap in the locations indicated to "aid inerosion and sediment control. Riprap shall be sized and installed as indicated on theDrawings and in Section 02232 - GRANULAR MATERIALS or as specified by theENGINEER. Geotextile underlying the riprap shall be in accordance with Section02711 of these Specifications.

PART 3-EXECUTION

3.01 TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING AND STORAGE

A. Materials shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent damage to .the material.Materials shall not be dropped or dragged over the ground. Any materials damagedshall be replaced at no expense to the OWNER.

3.02 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURES

A. Silt Fence: CONTRACTOR shall install silt fence in accordance with theSpecifications and installation instructions provided by the manufacturer or on theDrawings, or as directed by the ENGINEER. Presiding authority shall be as follows,


02290-2

. A R 3 I I 2 2 1 *GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC.

02290 : "EROSION ANT) SEDIMENT CONTROL

hi descending order: ENGINEER'S direction, Drawings, Specifications,rrianufacturer's installation instructions.

B. Riprap: CONTRACTOR shall install riprap in the locations indicated on thes Drawings, or as directed by the ENGINEER, and in accordance with Section 02232 -.GRANULAR MATERIALS of these Specifications.

C. - Earthen Berms and Diversion Ditches: CONTRACTOR shall construct earthen bermsand/or conveyance ditches in accordance with the Drawings or as directed by theENGINEER. :. '-: .-.. _.._.._._-"i_ ' .':.: :.~ ~ ....

WOODLA WN LANDFILL- ^ J " " 7 " -" : ^ REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND :.::::;:::":::-: : -:._: ::__.,_•.:. .. --" -" APRIL 6,1998"

02290-3- : - . - - ; - . :

GERAGHTY^ MILLER,INC.

02290EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

Table 02290-1

SILT FENCE PROPERTIES1

PROPERTIES QUALIFIER

Tensile Strength minimum

Tensile Modulus minimum

Flow Rate - maximum

Filtering Efficiency minimum

SPECIFIEDVALUE TEST METHOD

50 Ibs/in MSMT1 509.

20 Ibs/in MSMT 509

0.3 gal/fr/min/ . MSMT 322

75% MSMT 322

Notes:

1. MSMT - Maryland Standard Method of Tests

Sources:

* Maryland Standards and Specifications for Soil Erosion and SedimentControl (1994).

» USEPA Technical Guidance Document: Final Covers on Hazardous WasteLandfills and Surface Impoundments (1989).

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . APRIL 6,1998

02290-4

flR3M226GERAGHTY <S? MILLER,INC,

,.02611•PLASTIC PIPING

PARTI-GENERAL

1.01 WORKEVCLUDED

A. Ihe CONTRACTOR is responsible for the supply and installation of all venting pipingand accessories, including, but not limited to clean gravel material, corrugatedperforated high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe and pipe fittings shown on the

1.02 RELATED WORK

A. Section 01010 .-.Summary of Work.

B. Section'02711-Gebtextiles"" - — ; • - — - - -

1.03....REFERENCES . ' ..-;/':"•'-= r-~J"'"-""- ,-~,.-~ -"-.:: :. -.

A. • ASTM D-1248 - Polyethylene Plastic Molding and Extrusion Material.

B. ASTM F-405 -.Standard Specifications for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing andFittings.' •"".-"" .'_ . " ' - ""."'•". :"l/""'Tr."- :;.-

C. ASTM F-449 - Standard Recommended Procedure of Subsurface Installation ofCorrugated .Thermoplastic Tubing.

1.04 PERFORMANCE STAiNDARDS

A. Unless otherwise specified in this section, the installation of PE pipe, joints, andconnections required to complete the Work shall be performed in accordance withSection P-514.0 of the Building Officials & Code Administrators (BOCA) NationalPlumbing Code. . . . ; ....j ...

B. Joints between pipe and fittings of different materials that are required to complete theWork shall be completed in accordance with Section P-518.0 of the BOCA NationalPlumbing Code. Pipe sealants of appropriate material shall be used wheneverthreaded connections are made.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL " """ ~ . .--.----- REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND - ' .::: - APRIL 6,1998

02611-1

GERAGHTY # MTLLER,INC. A R 3 I 1227

02611PLASTIC PIPING

C, Installation of all piping shall be accomplished by an installation. contractor,approved by the manufecturer and the ENGINEER, having a minimum of three (3)years experience in the satisfactory performance of similar work.

D, Any substituted material and equipment provided by the CONTRACTOR shall bereviewed and approved by the ENGINEER two weeks prior to installation.

1.05 SUBMITTALS

A. The CONTRACTOR shall submit product cutsheets in accordance with Section01300. . - -

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

A. Materials and equipment supplied for this Work shall conform to the requirements ofthese Technical Specifications and Construction Drawings. Suggested suppliers areindicated in some cases, however, the CONTRACTOR may substitute Material and.Equipment that is equivalent in all respects to that indicated after receiving writtenauthorization from the ENGINEER and after a review has been made of supportingtechnical data submittals from the CONTRACTOR..

2.02 GAS VENTING PIPE: HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PIPE

A. All gas venting pipes shall be made from HDPE resin compound qualified as Type III,Grade P33, Category 4, Class C by ASTM-D-1248.

B. Landfill gas collection pipe shall be manufactured by Advanced Drainage Systems Inc.(ADS), N-12 LF, landfill grade perforated pipes, of the size indicated on the drawings,or equal. - ==

C, The resin compound shall contain no additives, adulterants, extenders, or reworkedcompounds and. shall contain an effective antioxidant

D. All fittings shall be standard manufactured items as produced by ADS or equal.


02611-2

GERAGHTY tf MILLER,INC. - C

02611-PLASTIC PIPING.

E. Jointing Method: All joints shall be made with split couplings, corrugated to match thepipe corrugations, and shall engage a minimum of four corrugations. All joints shallinclude a standard manufacturers neoprene gasket

F. At the top of each gas vent, a "U" joint shall be added as shown on the drawings. Thepipe joint shall be made of the same material as the gas venting pipes.

G. ' Gas venting trenches shall be wrapped with a protective, geotextile filter fabric asshown on the Drawings. .

PART 3- EXECUTION

3.01 PREPARATION

The CONTRACTOR shall:

A. Inspect for defective or damaged pipe and/or spool pieces prior to assembly.

B. Remove:scale and dirt, inside and outside, prior to assembly../

C. - Mark pipe sections with required identification prior to assembly.

3.02 PIPE INSTALLATION

A. The CONTRACTOR shall: "

1. Backfill the trenches with clean gravel material for the trenches where the gascollecting piping is installed.

2. Route piping in an orderly manner maintaining the required elevations. .

3. Connect the flexible piping at connections outside the gas venting wells as shownon the Construction Drawings. _ . - . -

WOODLAWN LANDFILL _ '... .'".'".'.1^'--^ - -1 '---V "- REVISION NO. 00 "CECIL COUNTY,. MARYLAND ^ _ . ' - - - ...";..".'. APRIL6,1998

02611-3

M D O I | O O Q- ~ . GERAGHTY & MILLE lNC. " O

02611PLASTIC PIPING

3,03 TREATMENT SYSTEM

A. The length and diameter of all piping within the treatment system shall be sized asneeded to ensure proper operation of treatment system equipment, and shall beinstalled as shown in the Drawings.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . APRIL 6,1998

02611-4

flR3i 1230GERAGHTY tfMELLER,INC. .

02711GEOTEXTILE

PARTI-GENERAL ,

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish all labor, materials, tools, supervision,transportation, and installation equipment necessary for the noanuiacturing, storage,delivery, installation, and testing of the geotextile portions of the sediment anderosion control systems, including installation as herein,specified and as shown onthe Drawings.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall perform the installation of the geotextiles in conjunctionwith construction of the sediment and erosion control systems.

1.02 RELATED WORK DESCRIBED ELSEWHERE

A. Construction Quality Assurance Plan . • . .

B. Section!) 1150" Measurement and Payment

C Section 02200 " Earthwork """ .

1.03 .REFERENCES ~: ' ' ~.~~: "r.V ..'.""7." . . : • " • -- •

A. ASTM D-5261 , Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Areaof Geotextiles,

B. ••V.ASTftp-4491 Standard Test Method for Water Permeability ofGeotextiles by the Permittivity MethojL

C. "ASTM D-4533 ' Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength ofGeotextiles.

• D. ASTMD-4632" Standard Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation ofGeotextiles (Grab Method).

E. ASTMD-4751 Standard Test Method for Determining Apparent OpeningSize of a Geotextile. .

WOODLAWN LANDFltL . . . " "i'-'T: """ "T_:: ",\,".; ," REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . ; : "'" APRIL 6? 1998

02711-1

A R 3 I I 2 3 IGERAGHtY<S? MILLER.iNC. '

02711GEOTEXTILE _

F. ASTM D-4833 Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeotextiles and Geomembranes

G, AS1M D-5321 Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient ofSoil-Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic-Geosyn&etic Friction bythe direct Shear Method


A. All materials, procedures, operations, and methods shall be in strict conformancewith the Drawings and Specifications, and shall be subjected to strict quality controlmonitoring as detailed herein, and in the CQA Plan prepared for this project. Theinstalled geotextiles shall conform exactly to the Drawings and Specifications,except as otherwise authorized in writing by the ENGINEER.

B, The CONTRACTOR shall comprehend and anticipate the CQA activities andaccount for these activities in the installation schedule.

1.05 SUBMITTALS

A. Prior to shipment of any geotextile materials, the CONTRACTOR shall submit thefollowing infonnation on the geotextile production to the ENGINEER:

I. Roll numbers and identification numbers.

2. Quality control certificates that .provide reference to the roll numbers andidentification numbers, sampling procedures, test methods and test resultsand other items such as: . .

a) Name of Manufacturerb) Chemical Compositionc) Product Identificationd) Statement of Compliancee) Signature of Authorization

All certificates shall be signed by a representative of the manufacturer.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00 .CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6,1998

02711-2A R 3 I 1232

GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC. " O

02711....GEOTEXTILE

3. Geotextile quality control tests include:

Test ..._'_"."_ _ Procedurei

Flow Rate ' ASTMD-4491Permittivity ASTMD-44'91Fabric Weight ' ASTMD-5261Direct Shear . ASTM D-5321Trapezoidal Tear Strength ASTMD-4533 .Grab Elongation . ASTMD-4632Apparent Opening Size ASTM D-4751Puncture Strength ASTM D-4833

4. - - Unless otherwise specified, the quality control tests shall be conducted at thefrequency of one per lot or one per each 50,000 square feet. One lot isdefined as a group of consecutively numbered rolls or panels from the samemanufacturing line.

5. - The geotextile manufacturer shall replace any rolls that are rejected becausethey do not comply with these specifications.

6.. If a sample fails to "meet the quality control requirements, the manufacturershall test each roll manufactured from the same resin batch or at the sametime as the failing roll. Testing shall be at the manufacturer's expense and.shall continue until a pattern of acceptable test results is established.

C. . Upon delivery to the site, the CONTRACTOR and the ENGINEER, orENGINEER'S designee shall inspect the physical condition of each roll of material.If the protective wrapping is damaged, or if, damage to the roll is suspected by theENGINEER, the roll shall be separated from the lot for more detailed inspections.

PART 2 • MATERIALS

2.01 GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL

A.. -GeneralRequirements . -' . .

WOODLAWN LANDFILL. : .----.;_,-::: .: REVISION NO, 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND " . . " . APRIL 6, 1998

• ' 02711-3 .

A R 3 I I 2 3 3GERAGHTY <S?MILLER,INC. .'...:

02711GEOTEXTILE

1. Unless otherwise noted on the Drawings, geotextiles suppliers shall furnishmaterials whose "Minimum Average Roll Values", as defined by the FederalHighway Administration (FHWA), meet or exceed the criteria specified inTable 02711-1. The geotextiles provided by the supplier shall meet orexceed the property value specified and shall be stock products; i.e., unlessauthorized, the supplier shall not furnish products specially manufactured tomeet the specifications of this project.

2. The supplier shall furnish test results for the design criteria, as well aswritten certification that the materials meet the specifications in accordancewith Section 01300 - SUBMITTALS.

3. The geotextile material shall also perform the following:

a) Retain its structure during handling, placement and long-termservice;

*.b) The material shall be capable of withstanding direct exposure to

sunlight for 30 days with no measurable deterioration; and,

B. Labeling

1. Geotextile shall be supplied in rolls wrapped in relatively impermeable andopaque protective covers.

2. Geotextile and rolls shall be marked or tagged with the followinginformation:

a) Manufacturer's name;b) Product identification;c) Lot number;d) Roll number; and,e) Roll dimensions.

3. Additionally, if any special placement is required, it shall be so marked onthe geomembrane or material roll; e.g., "This Side Up", or "This SideAgainst Soil to be Retained".

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6", 1998

02711-4

AR3M23UGERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. ,

02711 ;GEOTEXTILE:

2.02 TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, AND STORAGE

A. .Transportation of the CONTRACTOR-supplied geotextile materials is theresponsibility of the CONTRACTOR., the CONTRACTOR shall be-liable for alldamage to the materials .incurred prior to and during transportation to the site.

B. ..Handling, storage, and care of the CONTRACTOR-supplied geotextile materialsprior to and following installation at the site is the responsibility of theCONTRACTOR. The OWNER snail designate adequate storage space at. the site.The CONTRACTOR shall be liable for all damages to the materials incurred duringtransportation, storage and installation, and prior to final acceptance of the cover

- system'by the OWNER. " .

C. During"shipment and storage, geotextiles .shall be protected from ultraviolet light. exposure, precipitation, or other inundation, mud, dirt, dust, punctures, cutting orany other damaging or deleterious conditions. Any additional storage proceduresrequired by the geotextile manufacturer shall be the CONTRACTOR'Sresponsibility.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 HANDLING AND PLACEMENT

, A. The CONTRACTOR shall handle all geotextiles in such a manner as to ensure 'theyare. not damaged in any way.

B. In the presence of wind, all geotextiles shall be weighted with sandbags or theequivalent. Such sandbags shall be installed during placement and shall remainuntil replaced with earth cover materials. . • _ . . :

C. Inspection: -

1, Prior to implementing any of the Work hi this Section, the CONTRACTORshall carefully inspect the installed Work of all other Sections and verify that

WOODLAWN LANDFILL .....: :v ."::. _:n_:.._. :.:._::__..._. REVISION NO. ooCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND' " . - - - - - -- - - - — - - -

02711-5 ,

AR3N235GERAG"HTY< MLLER,INC.

02711GEOTEXTILE

all Work is complete to the point where the Work of this Section mayproperly commence without adverse impact.

2. If the CONTRACTOR has any concerns regarding the installed work ofother Sections, CONTRACTOR shall notify the ENGINEER in writingprior to the start of the Work of this Section. Failure to inform theENGINEER in writing will be construed as CONTRACTOR'S acceptanceof the related Work of all other Sections.

D, During placement, care shall be taken not to entrap in the geotextile stones,excessive dust, or moisture that could damage the synthetic membrane, generateclogging of drains or filters, or hamper subsequent seaming.

E. An examination of the geotextile over the entire surface, after installation, shall beconducted to ensure that no potentially harmful foreign objects, such as needles, arepresent. Any foreign objects so encountered shall be removed by theCONTRACTOR or the geotextile shall be replaced.

F. Geotextile shall only be cut using a geotextile cutter or other methods approved bythe ENGINEER.

G, After unwrapping the geotextile from its opaque wrapping, the geotextile shall notbe left exposed for longer than fourteen (14) days, sinless approved by theENGINEER.

3.02 SEMIS AND OVERLAPS

A. All geotextiles shall be continuously sewn (i.e., Spot- sewing is not allowed).Geotextiles shall be overlapped 6 inches prior to seaming. Alternate methods to.seaming geotextiles, such as overlapping, crimping, or tacking, may be approved bythe ENGINEER, at the request of the CONTRACTOR. It is the responsibility ofthe CONTRACTOR to provide verification that any alternate method achieves therequirements of these Specifications.

B. Horizontal butt seams shall not be permitted on side slopes of 10 percent or greater.


02711-6

AR3II23.6GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. -

02711"." •.T':.."GEOTEXTILE

C. The" CONTRACTOR shall pay particular attention at seams to ensure that no earthcover material could be inadvertently inserted beneath a geotextile.

D, Any sewing shall be done using polymeric thread with chemical and ultraviolet lightresistance properties equal to or exceeding those of the geotextile. The color of thethread should contrast the color of the geotextile. The seams shall be sewn with a"flat", "J", or "butterfly" seam using a two-thread chain stitch (stitch type 401) and adouble row stitch (Federal Standard Type SSa-2).

E. -Seams shalLbe sewn a minimum of one (1) inch from the edge and shall have anaverage stitch count of 3 to 7 stitches per inch, or as approved by the ENGINEER. . -

F. The Geosynthetic Materials Installer shall maintain at least one spare operableseaming "apparatus on site.

3.03 REPAIR

A. Any holes or tears in the geotextile shall be repaired by one of the followingmethods:..', r :....-..-,.._™J,.:\~-':-'./"'.. . _..:. ...

1. Liestering a patch made from the same geotextile over the affected area,with a rnmimum of 1 foot overlap in all directions.

2. Sewing a patch made from the same geotextile over the affected area with aminimum of 6 inch overlap in all directions.

3.04 PLACEMENT OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. .The CONTRACTOR shall place all soil materials located on top of the geotextile insuch a manneras to ensure;

1. No damage of the geotextile or underlying layers;

2. Minimal slippage between the geotextile and the underlying layers; and,

3. - No excess tensile stresses in the geotextile.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL .. , . " ~" _.~ "" REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND / ": ' :: - r;- • r' ' • APRIL 6,1998

02711-7fl p o i i o o "j

GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC. O

02711GEOTEXTILE

B. On the sideslopes, soil placement shall proceed from the bottom of the slopeupward, unless otherwise approved by the ENGINEER.

C. Equipment shall not be driven directly on the geotextile. Unless otherwise specifiedby the ENGINEER, all operational equipment assessing areas where geotextile isplaced shall adhere to the following soil thicknesses:

Maximum Allowable Equipment Soil Thickness AboveGround Pressure (psi) Geosvnthetics (feet)

<5 1.0<10 1.5<20 2.0>20 3.0


02711-8

HR3M238GERAGHTY <S? MILLER,INC. .

02711GEOTEXTILE

Table 02711-1

REQUIRED PROPERTY VALUES FOR GEOTEXTILES

PROPERTIES '-QUALIFIER"

Polymer Composition minimum

Flow Rate " "~~':~ " " mminium

tf

Trapezoidal Tear Strength minimum

Grab Elongation . rniriimum.

Fabric Weight _.. _ _ _ _ _ . _ minimum

Apparent Opening Size minimumf A f i iI Jl< X-» • L_J . J

Puncture Resistance . . minimum

SlPECMED VALIJE

95% wei it polypropyleneor polyester

nOgpm/sq.ft.

;"75ibs;";; .. .:.,... .; :_._.50% ,;". . ..... : -7.25 oz/sq. yd'

Sieve Size" 100-70 (0.15-" 0.2imm)'

' 901bs' . ' "".:

TEST METHOD

——

ASTMD-4491

ASTMD-4491

ASTM D-4533

ASTM D-4632

. ASTMDr5261

"ASTMD-4751

'ASTMD-483.3.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . _ _ _ " - " REVISION NO. 00CECIL COtMT /MA YLAND ".'."". '~-~-;" ; ' = ..---.- ^^ ^ 199g

02711-9

AR3I 1239GERAGHTY SMELLER, INC.

02712.GEOCOMPOSTOS

PARTI-GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish all labor, material, tools, supervision,transportation, and installation equipment necessary for the manufacturing, storage,delivery and testing of the geocomposite drainage layer for the cover system asherein specified and as shown on the Drawings.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall perform the installation of the geocomposite inconjunction with construction of the synthetic membrane, foundation materials,cover materials, and other components of the cover system.

1.02 RELATED WORK

A. Construction'Quality Assurance Plan

B. Section 02200 Earthwork

C. Section 02713 Synthetic Membrane

1.03 .REFERENCES ' J ." " ' "":" : ' " ' ' : - "" ' '~

A. ASTM D-1238 "Standard Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics byExtrusion Plastometer.

B, - - ASTM D-751 Standard test Method for Coated Fabrics (Section 6).

C. . . ASTMD-792" "~" "Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity (RelativeDensity) and Density of Plastics by Displacement.

D: ASTM >-1004 . Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of PlasticFilm and Sheeting.

E. ASTMD-1204 Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperature.

WOODLAWNLANDFEr ." J^ ——— ~- —- - ; - - REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY,"MARYLANDr " " -.-...,-. - APRIL 6,1998

07717-1: A R 3 I I 2 I * 0GERAGHTY MILLER;INC. .

02712GEOCOMPOSITES

F. ASTM D-1238 Standard Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics byExtrusion Plastometer.

G. ASTM D-5321-92 Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient ofSoil-Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Friction bythe direct Shear Method

H. ASTTvI D-1505 Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by Density-Gradient Technique.

I, ASTM D-1603 Standard Test Method for Carbon Blank in Olefin Plastics.

J. ASTM D-1693 Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Cracking ofEthylene Plastics.

KL ASTM D-3015 Recommended Practice for Microscopical Examination ofPigment Dispersion in Plastic Compounds,

L. ASTM D-3083 Standard Specification for Flexible Poly (Vinyl Chloride)Plastic Sheeting for Pond, Canal, and Reservoir Lining."

M, ASTM D-4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles,Geomembranes, and Related Products..

N. ASTM D-1505 Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique.

O. ASTM D-1603 Standard Test Method for CarbonBlack in Olefin Plastics.

P. ASTM D-47I6 Standard Test Method for Constant Head HydraulicTransmissivity (In-Plane Flow) of Geotextiles and GeotextileRelated Products.

Q. ASTM D-3776 Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area ofGeotextiles.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL SITE REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6,1998

02712-2 - - - .A R 3 I I 2 M

GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC..

- 02712GEOCOMPOSITES

R. ASTM D-4491 " Standard Test Method for Water Permeability of Geotextilesby the Permittivity Method.

S. ASTM D-4533 'Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength ofGeotextiles,

T. ASTM D-4632. " Standard Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation ofGeotextiles (Grab Method).

U, ASTM 0 4751 Standard Test Method for Determining Apparent OpeningSize of a Geotextile.

V. ASTM D-4833 .Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeotextiles and Geomembranes. •

W. ASTM F-904 "" ""."Standard Test Method for Comparison of Bond Strength orPly Adhesion of Similar Laminates Made from Flexible

Materials.

1.04 QUALIFICATIONS

A. The Geosynthetic Materials Installer, either the CONTRACTOR or a subcontractor,shall be trained and qualified to install a geocomposite drainage system. Theinstaller will be approved and/or licensed by the manufacturer or the fabricator ofthe material. A copy of the approval letter or license shall be submitted by theinstaller to the ENGINEER. Prior to confirmation of any contractual agreementwith the construction contractor, the Geosynthetic Materials Installer shall providethe ENGINEER with the following written information:

1. equipment and personnel to be utilized;2. daily anticipated installation rate;3. quality control manual for installation; and,4. samples of seams and certified test results.

B. The personnel to perform the seaming operations shall be qualified by experience.The field crew foreman must have documented experience of successfully installing"at least 50 acres of comparable geocomposite systems on a total of at least five

WOODLAWN LANDFILL SITE . ™ " _ REVISION NO. 00."CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . " " 7 " ' ' APRIL 6,1998

02712-3 - . - , . ' .

GERAGHTY '& MILLER,INC..'. ' ' ** " 0 I I 2 I* 2

02712 - -GEOCOMPOSITES

different projects. He/she shall also have experience seaming geocomposites usingthe same method of seaming that will be used for this project The field crewforeman shall provide direct supervision over less experienced seamers; no fieldseaming shall be performed without the foreman being present


A. All materials, procedures, operations, and methods shall be in strict conformancewith these Specifications, and shall be subject to strict quality control monitoring asdetailed herein, and in the CQA Plan prepared for this project. The installedgeocomposite drainage system shall conform exactly to the Specifications, except asotherwise authorized in writing by the OWNER or their representative

B. The CONTRACTOR shall comprehend and anticipate CQA activities"and accountfor these activities in the installation schedule.

1.06 SUBMITTALS

A. Prior to shipment of any geocomposite materials, the CONTRACTOR shall submitthe following information on the raw materials to the OWNER:

1. Origin and production date of the resin;

2, A copy of the quality control certificates issued by the resin supplier;

3, Reports of tests conducted by the manufacturer to verify that the quality ofthe geocomposite is in conformance with all requirements identified in thissection; and,

4. Certification that no reclaimed polymer is added to the resin.

B. Prior to shipment of any geocomposite materials, the CONTRACTOR shall submitthe following information on the geocomposite production to the OWNER: •

1. Roll numbers and identification numbers.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL SITE REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND - APRIL 6,1998

02712-4 AR3GERAGHTY#MILLER,INC.

02712 -GEOCOMPOSITES

2. Quality control certrScates that provide reference to the roil numbers,identification numbers, sampling procedures, test methods and test results.

3, Geocomposite" rnanufacturer quality control tests- shall demonstrate that itsproperties conform to the values specified in Table 02712-1, and shallinclude, at a minimum, the following tests:

Component Test. ._.„. ..... , Procedure

Geotextile Flow Rate . ASTM D-4491- - - ' • Permeability ASTM D.-4491

Fabric Weight . . ASTMD-3776Direct Shear . ASTM D-5321Trapezoidal Tear Strength" ASTM D-4533Grab Elongation ASTMD-4632Apparent Opening Size ' ASTM D-4751Puncture Strength ASTM D-4833

Geonet ' " ^ :Specif!c~Gravity '" " ASTM D-1505. ..Carbon Back Content" ASTM D-1603Nominal Thickness _ ASTMD-374C

Geocomposite" """"" PeeT Strength " ASTMF-904Transmissivity ". ' 'ASTMD-4716"

4. - Unless otherwise specified, quality control tests shall be conducted at thefrequency of one per lot or one per each 50,000 square feet One lot isdefined as a group of consecutively numbered rolls or panels from the samemanufacturing line. - .

5. One transmissiviry test (ASTM D-4716) in Tahle 02712-1 will be performed'The manufacturer shall certify that this test has been performed on a sampleof geocomposite identical to the product that will be delivered to the site.

6. . The geocomposite manufacturer shall replace any rolls that are rejectedbecause they do not comply with these Specifications.

7. If a sample fails to meet the quality control requirements, the manufacturershall test each roll manufactured from the same lot, or at the same time as

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the failing roll. Testing shall be at the manufacturer's expense and shallcontinue until a pattern of acceptable test results is established.

D. Upon delivery to the site, the Geosynthetic Materials Installer and the ENGINEERshall inspect the physical condition of each roll of material. If the protectivewrapping is damaged, or, if damage to the roll is suspected by the ENGINEER, theroll shall be separated from the lot for more detailed inspections.

PART 2 -MATERIALS

2.01 GEOCOMPOSITE MATERIAL

A. General Requirements . *

1. Geocomposite material shall consist of a geotextile thermally bonded toeach side of a geonet component The thermal bonding shall notcompromise the geotextiles and geonet to the point -where proper function isimpeded. Adequate, not excessive, bonding of the geotextiles to the geonetis necessary. Refer to the minimum peel strength provided in this section,

2. The geotextile, geonet, and geocomposite components shall meet or exceedthe property- values specified in Table 02712-1. The supplier shall furnishthe test results for these procedures as well as certification that the materialsmeet the specifications.

3. The geocomposite material shall also perform the following:

a) Retain its structure during handling, placement, and long-termservice; and,

b) Shall be capable of withstanding direct exposure to sunlight for 30days with no measurable deterioration.

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B. Labeling

1. Geocomposites shall be supplied in rolls wrapped in relatively impermeableand opaque protective covers.

2. Geocomposite arid rolls shall be marked or.tagged with the followinginformation:

a) Manufacturer's name;b) Product Identification;

- c) Lot Number;d) Roll Number; and,e) Roll Dimensions.

-3. -..Additionally, if any special placement is required, it shall be so marked onthe geocomposite material; e.g., "This Side Up", or "This Side Against Soilto be Retained". .

2,02 TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, AND STORAGE

A. Transportation "of the CONTRACTOR-sup'plied geocomposite materials is theresponsibility of the CONTRACTOR. The CONTRACTOR shall be liable for alldamage to the materials incurred prior to and during transportation to the site.

B. Handling, storage,/ and cafe of .the CONTRACTOR-supplied geocompositematerials prior to and following installation at the site is the responsibility of theCONTRACTOR, the' CONTRACTOR shall inform the ENGINEER of requiredarea needed for storage and obtain acceptance on a designated storage area on thesite. The CONTRACTOR shall be liable for all damage to the materials incurredduring transportation, storage and installation, and prior to final acceptance of thelining system by:the"OWNER.""".",..- -.._"_ ".~1_^. ..""•

C. During shipment and storage, geocomposites shall be protected from ultravioletlight exposure, precipitation or other inundation, mud, dirt, dust, puncture, cutting orany other damaging or deleterious conditions.

WOODLAWN LA FmL:sil5~ ' " ' -1 —— —^ ' ^--'•"-^—•-' REVJSION NO, 00CECIL" COUNTY, MARYLAND '"..'."."". '" ; ;~ V: -;-" APRIL 6,1998

027 P.7 . ...flR3GERAGHTY SMELLER, INC. . :

02712GEOCOMPOSITES

PART 3 -EXECUTION

3.01 HANDLING AND PLACEMENT

A, The CONTRACTOR shall handle all geocomposite materials in such a manner as toensure they are not damaged in any way.

B. The geocomposite shall be placed in such a manner as to continually keep thegeocomposite in tension. If necessary, the geocomposite shall be positioned byhand after being rolled to xrditimize wrinkles.

C. In the presence of wind, all geocomposites shall be weighted with sandbags or theequivalent. Such sandbags shall be installed during placement and shall remainuntil replaced with cover material.

D. Geocomposiie shall only be cut using hooked utility blade or other methods..approved by the ENGINEER.

E, The CONTRACTOR shall take any necessary precautions to prevent damage tounderlying layers during placement of the geocomposite.

F. During placement, care shall be taken not to entrap in the geocomposite stones,excessive dust, or moisture that could damage the underlying synthetic membrane,generate clogging, or hamper subsequent seaming.

G. An examination of the geocomposite over the entire surface, after installation, shallbe conducted to ensure that no potentially liaimful foreign objects, such as needles,are present Any foreign objects so encountered shall be removed by theCONTRACTOR or the geocomposite shall be replaced.

H. Unless otherwise specified, geocomposites shall not be welded to the liner.

I. Care should be taken not to leave tools on the geocomposite.

J, After unwrapping the geocomposite from its opaque wrapping, the geocompositeshall not be left exposed for longer than 30 days, unless approved by theENGINEER.

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. 02712GEOCOMPOSITES

3.02 SEAMS AND OVERLAPS

A. . The geotextile and geonet components of the geocomposites shall not be bonded atthe ends and edges of the rolls for a length sufficient to permitseaming and overlapsas discussed in mis section.

B. Horizontal butt seams shall be minimized.

C. "Each component (geotextile or geonet) shall be secured or seamed to a similarcomponent of the adjacent panel as described in the following discussion.

D. Geonet Components: "Adjacent geonets shall be joined according to theseSpecifications. As a minimum, the following requirements shall be met:

1. Adjacent rolls shall be overlapped by at least 4 inches. The geotextilecomponent shall be unbounded from the geonet, if required, to expose thegeonet to achieve the rninimum 4 inch overlap.

2. Overlaps shall be secured by tying.

3. Tying can be achieved by plastic fasteners or polymer braid. Tying devicesshall be white or yellow for ease of inspection. Metallic devices are notallowed. .- .. - - --- - -— -

4. Tying shall be every 5 feet along Lthe slope, every 2 feet across the slope(horizontal butt seams), and every 6 inches in the anchor trench.

5. In .corners and difficult areas where overlaps between perpendiculargeocomposite strips are required, ah extra layer of geocomposite shall beunrolled along the slope, on top of the previously installed geonets, from topto bottom of the slope.

E. - Geotextile Components

1. The bottom layers of geotextile shall be overlapped. The top layers ofgeotextile shall be continuously sewn (i.e., spot sewing "is not allowed).

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Geotextiles shall be overlapped 4 inches prior to seaming. Horizontal seamsshall be minimized (i.e., seams shall be along, not across, the slope).

2. The CONTRACTOR shall pay particular attention at seams to ensure thatno earth cover material could be inadvertently inserted beneath a geotextile.

3, Any sewing shall be done using polymeric thread with chemical resistanceproperties equal to or exceeding those of the geotextile. Seams shall bedouble stitched.

3.03 REPAIR

A, Any holes or tears in the geonet shall be repaired by placing a patch extending 2 feetbeyond the edges of the hole or tear. The patch shall be secured to the originalgeocomposite by tying every 6 inches, with approved" tying devices, through thebottom geotextile and geonet of the patch, and through the top geotextile and geonetcomponents of the geocomposite needing repair. Other methods shall requireapproval from the ENGINEER. An additional geotextile patch shall be placed andliestered to the top geotextile of the geocomposite needing repair. If the hole or tearwidth across the roll is more than 50% the width of the roll, the damaged area shallbe cut out and the two portions of the geocomposite shall be joined as indicated.

3.04 PLACEMENT OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. The CONTRACTOR shall place all soil materials located on the top of thegeocomposite "in such a manner as to ensure:

1, No damage of the geocomposite or underlying layers;

2, Minimal slippage between the geocomposite and the underlying layers; and,

3, No excess tensile stresses develop in the geocomposite.

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B. Equipment shall not be operated directly on the exposed geocomposite. Unlessotherwise specified by the ENGINEER, all operational equipment accessing areaswhere geocomposite is placed shall adhere to the following soil thicknessesoverlying the geocomposite:

Maximum Allowable Equipment Soil Thickness AboveGround Pressure (DSI> _ Geocomposite ffeefl

<5 1.0<10 1.5<20 2.0>2Q . ' 3.0 .

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Table 02712-1

Geocomposite Property Values

Properties Qualifier Specified Value _ Test Method

Geonet Component:Polymer Composition — 95% weight polyethylene —Polymer Specific Gravity1 minimum 0.935 .... ASTM D-1505'Polymer Melt Index range 0.1 -1.0 g/10 minutes ASTM D-1238.Carbon Black Content range 2-3% ASTM D-1603:Foaming Agents _ maximum 0.0%. .-._ —Nominal Thickness minimum 200 mil ASTM D-374C

Geotextile Components:Polymer Composition minimum 95% weight —

polypropylene polyesterFlow Rate minimum 110 gpm/sq. ft - ASTM D-4491Hydraulic Conductivity minimum 0.30 cm/sec. ASTM D-4491Trapezoidal Tear Strength minimum 70 Ibs. . - ASTM D-4533-Grab Elongation minimum > 50 % ASTM D-4632Fabric Weight minimum 7.0 oz/sq. yd. - .. ASTM D-3776Apparent Opening Size minimum Sieve Size 100-70 ASTMD-4751(AOS) . (0.15-0.21 mm)

Puncture Resistance minimum 90 Ibs. ASTM D 833

Geocomposite:Transmissivity2 minimum i.o gal/ft.min. ASTM D-4716Peel Strength minimum 500 g/in. ASTMF-904

1, The specific gravity of die net polymer shall not exceed that of the synthetic membrane.2, Ail values except transmissmty represent minimum average roll values (i.e., any roll in a lot should meet or exceed

the values in this table). The hydraulic transmissivity of the geocoraposite shall be measured using water at 68° F±3° F with a hydraulic gradient of not more than 0.1, under a compressive stress of not less than 300 psf. For thetest, the geocomposite shall be sandwiched between a layer of protective soil cover and a LLDPE geomembrane.The minimum test duration shall be 24 hours and the report for the test results shall include measurements at 6-hour intervals over the entire test duration.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL " REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND - APRIL 6,1998

02712-12 J J R 3 1 I 2 5 IGERAGHTY # MILLER, INC. .

,02713 ..._ -.,SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE .. ,

PARTI-GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish all labor, materials, tools, supervision,transportation, and installation equipment necessary for the manufacturing, storage,delivery, installation, and testing of the textured Linear Low Density Polyethylene(LLDPE) synthetic membrane portion of the cover systems, including installation asherem specified and as shov/n on the Drawings.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall perform the installation of the 40-mil thick LLDPE.(textured on both sides where so indicated on drawings, and smooth elsewhere, asalso indicated on drawings) synthetic membrane in conjunction with construction ofthe geocomposite, cover soil, and other components of the cover systems.

1.02 RELATED WORK DESCRIBED ELSEWHERE

A. Construction Quality Assurance Plan

B. Section 01150 Measurements and Payment

C. Section02200 Earthwork'

D. Section 02711 Geotextiles, .

E. Section 02712 Geocomposite ' .......

1.03 REFERENCES . . . . . " . - . . " . ' -

A. ASTM D-570 Standard Test Method for Water Adsorption of Plastics. .

B. ASTM D-638 :TensHe Properties of Plastics.

C. ASTivfD-792 test" Methods for Specific Gravity (Relative Density) and Density. , of Plastics by Displacement

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D. ASTM D-1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics of Density-Gradient Technique

E. ASTM D-1238 -Test Methods for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by ExtrusionPlastometer

F. ASTM D-1603 Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin Plastics

G. ASTM D-3015 Practice for Microscopical Examination of Pigment Dispersion inPlastic Compounds

H. ASTM D-1693 Test Method for Environmental Stress Cracking of EihylenePlastics

I. ASTM D-746 Test Method for Brittleness, Temperature of Plastics andElastomers by Impact

J. ASTM D-1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film andSheeting -

K. ASTM D-1204 Test Method for Liner Dimensional Changes of Non-RigidThermoplastic Sheeting on Film at Elevated Temperature

L. ASTM D-5321 Standard Test Method for Deterrnining the Coefficient ofSoil-Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Friction bythe direct Shear Method

1.04 QUALIFICATIONS

A. The Geosynthetic Materials Installer shall be trained and qualified to install atextured LLDPE synthetic membrane cover system. The installer shall be approvedand/or licensed by the manufacturer or the fabricator of the material. A copy of theapproval letter or license shall be submitted by the installer to the ENGINEER--Prior to confirmation of any contractual agreement with the construction contractor,the Geosynmetic Materials Installer shall provide the ENGINEER with thefollowing written information:

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL.6,1998

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02713 . ... . .SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE

1. equipment and personnel to .be utilized;'2. daily anticipated installation rate;3.. quality control manual for installation; and,4. samples of seams and certified test results.

B. . -The' personnel to" pefform" the seaming operations under the supervision of ..the' Geosynthetic Materials Inspector will.be qualified by experience. The field crewforeman must have documented experience "of successfully installing at least 50acres of landfill or comparable geosynthetic systems on a total of at least fivedifferent projects. He/she .shall also.have experience seaming LLDPE syntheticmembranes using the same method of seaming that will be used for this specificproject. The field crew foreman will provide direct supervision over ' lessexperienced seamefs; no field .seaming shall be performed without the foremanbeing present. . * " " - . *" _ .. --"" " " , :":

ix>5 ....QtJALrrv ASSURANCE': "." """./":': -—-7—-—'--- • _ - •A. All materials, procedures, operations; and methods shall be in strict conformance

with the Drawings and Specifications, arid shall be subjected to strict quality controlmonitoring Las detailed herein and in the CQA Plan prepared for this project. Theinstalled synthetic membrane system shall conform .exactly to the Drawings andSpecifications,. except as otherwise authorized in writing by the ENGINEER:.

B. : The CONTEACTOR* shall comprehend and anticipate" the CQA activities andaccount for these "activities uf the installation schedule. Materials will themselvesconform'to ASTM D-475'9, "Standard Practice for I)efeiinining the SpecificationCorifotmariC'e.ofGeoSynthen'cs.''. . . , . " . . . , .

1.06. WARRANTY " ™" " ' ' "" " """"_" '

A. The Synthetic Membrane Manufacturer and Geosynthetic Materials Installer shallfurnish. a 20-year warranty for the integrity of and installation of the products,Warranty conditions shall be those acceptable by the OWNER. ...

WOODLAWN LANDFILL .. , . . . . . . .... . .. . ...,. .. _ - - REVISIONNO. 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND - - JUNE. 17, 1998,

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02713 . . -SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE

1.07 SUBMITTALS

A. Prior to shipment of any LLDPE synthetic membrane, the CONTRACTOR shallsubmit the following information on the raw materials to the ENGINEER:

1. Origin and production date of the resin;

2. A copy of the quality control certificates issued by the resin supplier;

3, Reports of tests conducted by the manufacturer to" verify the membrane is inconfonnance with all requirements" identified in this section; and.

4. Certification that no reclaimed polymer is added to the resin.

B, Prior to shipment of any LLDPE synthetic membrane, the CONTRACTOR shallsubmit the following information on the synthetic membrane production to theENGINEER:

1. Roll numbers and identification numbers.

2. Quality control certificates that provide reference to the roll numbers andidentification numbers, sampling procedures, test methods and test results.

3, LLDPE synthetic membrane manufacturer quality control test results, including:

Test Procedure

Thickness ASTM D-5199Yield Strength ASTM D-638'Elongation at yield ASTM D-638Break Strength ASTM D-638 . .Elongation at break ASTM D-638Tear Resistance ASTMD-1004Density ASTM D-1505Carbon black content ASTM D-1603 or 4218Carbon Black Dispersion ASTM D-3015 or 5596Direct Shear ASTMD-5321

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . REVISION NO. 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND JUNE 17,1998

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02713 ' •SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE

Resin Density . " " ' 'AS7ME>:1505 . .'- Melt Flow Index - .ASTM D-1238

Puncture Resistance AStMDr4833

4. -The CONTRACTOR shall perform "one direct shear test for each source ofmaterials. The entire cross section" of the cover system will be tested in the directshear box assembly. . The results of the shear test shall lie hi the "acceptablerange" of .the failure envelope for the entire cover system depicted on Figure

. 02713.1. ' " • " ' • •"

5:. Unless otherwise specified, the quality control tests shall be conducted at thefrequency of one per lot or one per each 100.000 square feet. One lot is defined.as a -group of consecutively numbered rolls or panels from the samemanufacturingline. ... . ..__ ." _. L_.. . :

6, The LLDPE synthetic membrane manufacturer shall replace any rolls that arerejected because, they do not comply with these specifications.

7. If a sample fails to meet the quality control requirements, the manufacturer shalltest each roll manufactured from the same resin batch or at the same time as thefailing.roll.. Testing.shall be 3$, . je_mariufacturers_s.expense and shall continueuntil a pattern of acceptable test results is established.

C. . Upon delivery to the site, the Geosynthetic iMaterials" Installer and the ENGINEER,or his designee,. shall inspect the physical condition of each roll of material. If theprotective wrapping is' damaged, or if damage to the roll is suspected by theENGINEERrthe roll shall be separated from the lot for more detailed inspections. .The CQA Manager will require that all rolls be .stored out of direct sunlight andprotected from precipitation" and physical damage."

D._ = A minimum "of "two. ;(2). weeks" prior to the anticipated placement of syntheticmembrane material, the CONTRACTOR shall submit the synthetic membranepanel diagram to the ENGINEER 'and any variance or additional details, whichsupplement or "deviate from the Drawings. ' ' . \

E. —Throughout the synthetic membrane installation process, the Geosynthetic MaterialsInstaller shall provide the ENGINEER with subbase acceptance certificates, signedby the installer, for each area to be.covered by LLDPE synthetic membrane.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL:: __:::-.. , :__________, .. ... .REVISION NO. "01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND" " " " " : '"" ' - "y "*- ' " - JUNE 17_ 1998

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PART 2-MATERIALS . _ . , , ' . . .

2,01 LLDPE SY1NTTHETIC MEMBRANE

A. Resin:

1, The polyethylene synthetic membrane shall be manufactured from new, first-quality polyethylene resin, and shall be designed and manufactured specificallyfor use in synthetic membranes. The polyethylene resin shall meet thefollowing specifications:

Specific Gravity: ><X935, ASTM D-792, Method A, orASTM D-1505

Melt Index: ASTMD-1238.1-1.1 g/10 min.Condition 190/116 """ ' -" ' . . " ' "

2, Reclaimed polymer shall not be added to the resin. f t

B, Synthetic Membrane Rolls: - --

1. The synthetic membrane for this project shah1 consist of a 40-mil linear lowdensity polyethylene textured on both sides for slopes greater than 10 percent.The remaining portion of the site shall consist of a smooth 40-mll linear lowdensity polyethylene as shown in Drawing Nos. 5 and 6.

2. Tne synthetic membrane shall meet the specifications shown in Table 02713-1.The supplier shall furnish test results for. these procedures, as well ascertification that the materials meet the specifications. In addition, the syntheticmembrane shall: - - -

a) Be non-textured for most of the site and textured on both sides for theremainder. •

b) Contain a maximum of 1 percent by weight of additives, fillers orextenders (not including carbon black).

WOODLAWN LANDFILL -REVISION NO. 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND JUNE 17, 1998

02713-6.

ARCAD1S GERAGHTY& MILLER ft R 3 1 I 2 5 7

30

Figure 02713-1Failure Envelope for Shear Box Test

25

? rr!£&4i-jr"' - "Tf j"-j>»vi'*, •ij''ti-,*iS9fii-v "i"1? / ^ ?*"M*!urt3

P.I' 'iC ^ j SjWr* s.iT-«fiJ-• - - y ^ - ?£&&• •f- - "-7 s*- _;*<.I* !P

0,'35 .. . 60 , . . . . . " r ...j 95 - • - 135

Cohesion (psf)

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER ' . ' fl R 3 ! ] 2 5 8


c) Contain 2 to 3-percentfcarbon black for ultra-violet light resistance.

d) Not have striations, roughness, pinholes, or bubbles on the surface.

e) Be produced so as to be free of holes, blisters, undispersed rawmaterials, or any sign of contamination, by foreign matter.

3. The synthetic membrane shall be supplied to the site as factory panels or in rolls.

.4. All panel sizes shall be determined by approved plans indicating the layout anddimensions of field panels in the structure. - All seams shall conform to therequirements of TaHe 02713-1. _ . . ,_ •

C. Labeling: „ .

1. Labels on each roll or factory panel shall identify:

a) Thickness of the material;b) Length and width of the roll or factory panel;c) Manufacturer;d) Directions to unroll the material;

. e) Product identification;f) Lot number; and,g) Roll or field panel number.

2.02 TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, AND STORAGE

A. Transpbrtatibri"or the CONTTLACTOR-supplied-LLDPE synthetic membranematerials is the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR. The CONTRACTOR shallbe liable for all damage to the materials incurred prior to and during transportationto the site.

B. Handling, storage, and. care of the CONTRACTOR-supplied LLDPE syntheticmembrane materials prior to and following installation at the site is theresponsibility of the CONTRACTOR. The OWNER will designate adequatestorage space at the site. The CONTRACTOR shall be liable for all damage to the

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A R 3 I 1259GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC. O


materials incurred during transportation, storage and installation, and prior to finalacceptance of the cover system by the OWNER.

C During shipment and storage, the synthetic membrane shall be protected fromexcessive heat or cold, puncture, cutting direct sunlight or other damaging ordeleterious conditions.

PART3-EXECUTION3.01 EARTHWORK

A. Surface Preparations: . . . .

1. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for approving the supporting "layer,and shall certify in writing that the surface on which the synthetic membranewill be installed is acceptable. This certification of acceptance shall be given to-the ENGINEER prior to commencement of synthetic membrane installation inthe area under consideration.

Z Special care shall be given to marntaining the prepared soil surface andunderlying geotextile material. .

3, No synthetic membrane shall be placed onto an area which has become softenedby precipitation or which has cracked due to desiccation. The soil surface shallbe observed daily to evaluate desiccation cracking and/or softening. The dailyobservations shall ascertain the effects of surface desiccation cracking and/orsoftening upon the integrity of the foundation layer.

B, Soil Placement:

1. No loose soil shall be allowed beneath the synthetic membrane.

2. Prior to placement of protective cover, the geocomposite and syntheticmembrane shall be protected by an approved means to create minimal damageto the geosynthetic materials as approved by the ENGINEER.


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02713 . - . -' -SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE

3. The installation of the cover soil shall be supervised and inspected by theENGINEER. Care shall be taken when placing and compacting the cover soil toprevent any damage to the synthetic membrane.

3.02 SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE DEPLOYMENT : - - - - - - - - -

A. Layout Drawing: '

1. The CONTRACTOR shall produce layout drawings prior to syntheticmembrane deployment. These drawings shall indicate the panel configurationand location of seams. Field seams shall be differentiated from factory seams (if

• any). . .

2. The layout drawings must be approved by the ENGINEER prior to theinstallation of any synthetic membrane. The layout drawings shall includedimensions, details, etc. The layout drawings, as modified and/or approved bythe ENGINEER shall become part of these Specifications.

B. Panel Identification: , •

1. Each panel must be given an identification code .(number or letter-number)'consistent with the layout plan. This identification code shall be. agreed upon bythe ENGINEER and CONTRACTOR. .The field panel identification code shallbe related, through a table or chart, to the original resin and the constituent rollsand factory panels.

C. "Location: ' --------- ...----..-:. . -:---

1. Panels shall be installed as approved or modified at the location and positionsindicated on the layout drawings. Instruction on the boxes or wrappingcontaining the synthetic membrane materials shall be followed to assure mat therolls and/or factory panels are unrolled and/or unfolded in the proper directionfbrseaming. : - -•- -•• ----- ---» - ---—-.-• ----- •

WOODLAWN LANDFILL _,-"" ".-"."."."I. ._-_',..... ~.... / -™ J "..".: V --REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY,MARYLAND "-- -- -, ;. -,,-.r -:--:,,:,.,.-. , APRIL6,1998

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D. Installation Schedule:

1. Field panels may be installed using any one of the following schedules:

a) All field panels shall be placed prior to field seaming (in order to protectthe underlying soil from erosion by rain).

b) Field panels shall be placed one at a time and each field panel shall beseamed immediately after its placement (in order to minimize thenumber of unseamed field panels exposed to wind).

c) Any combination of the above, provided all in-place panels are seamedat the completion of each working day.

E. Weather Conditions:

I. Synthetic membrane placement shall not proceed at an ambient temperaturebelow 40° F (4° Q unless otherwise authorized.

2. Synthetic membrane placement shall not be done during any precipitation, in the Jpresence of excessive moisture (e.g., fog, dew), in an area of ponded water, or inthe presence of excessive winds.

F. Method of Placement:

1. The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that:

a) No equipment used shall damage the synthetic membrane by handling,trafficking, leakage of hydrocarbons, or other means. No vehicular trafficshall be in direct contact with the synthetic membrane.

b) No personnel working on the synthetic membrane shall smoke, weardamaging shoes, or engage in other activities which could damage thesynthetic membrane.

c) The method used to unroll the panels shall not cause scratches or crimps inthe synthetic membrane and shall not damage the supporting soil.

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d) The prepared surface underlying the synthetic membrane must not beallowed to deteriorate after acceptance and must remain acceptable up to thetime of synthetic membrane placement

e) All elements immediately underlying the synthetic membrane must be keptclean and free of debris.

f)' The method used to place the panels shall minimise wrinkles (especiallydifferential wrinkles between adjacent panels).

g) Adequate temporary loading and/or anchoring (e.g., sand bags,, tires), notlikely to damage the synthetic membrane, shall be placed to prevent upliftby wind (in case of high winds, continuous loading is recommended alongedges of panels to minimize risk of wind flow under the panels).

h) Direct contact with the synthetic membrane shall be niinimized; i.e., thesynthetic membrane in.excessively high traffic areas shall be protected bygeotextiles, extra synthetic membrane, or other suitable materials.

G, — -Damage:

Any field panel or portion thereof which becomes seriously damaged (torn,twisted or crimped) shall be replaced at no cost to the OWNER. Less seriousdamage may be repaired at the ENGINEER'S option and at no cost to theOWNER. Damaged panels or portions of damaged panels which have beenrejected shall be removed from the work area.

3.03 FIELD SEAMING

A. Seam Layout:

.1. In general, seams shall be oriented, parallel to the line of maximum slope; i.e.,along, not across, the slope. In comers and odd-shaped geometric locations, thenumber of field seams shall be minimized; if horizontal seams are necessary, a~full panel shall be located on either side of the two partial panels to be buttseamed. " ".-7: -:~."

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2. Horizontal butt seams shall be niinimized. No horizontal seam shall be alongthe toe, crest or across the side slope. No seams shall be located in areas ofpotential stress concentrations.

B. Seam Preparation:

I. Prior to seaming, the seam area shall be clean and free of moisture, dust dirt,debris of any kind, and foreign material.

2. If seam overlap and appear dirty grinding is required, the process shall becompleted according to the mamifacturer's instruction within one hour of theseaming operation and in a way that does not damage the synthetic membrane.

3. Seams shall be aligned with the fewest possible number of the wrinkles and"fishmouths".

C. Seaming Equipment and Products:

I. Approved processes for field seaming are extrusion welding and fusion welding.Only apparatus of make and model which have been specifically approved bythe membrane manufacturer'and subsequently approved by the ENGINEER,shall be used. The CONTRACTOR shall submit to the ENGINEERdocumentation describing the apparatus and the approval granted by thesynthetic membrane manufacturer.

D. Weather Conditions for Seaming:

1. Unless authorized in writing by the ENGINEER, no seaming'shall be attemptedat ambient temperature below 40° F (4° C) or above 104° F (40° C) measured onefoot above the membrane. At ambient temperatures between 40° F (4° C) and50° F (10° C), seaming shall be allowed if the synthetic membrane is preheatedby either sun or hot air device, and if there is no excessive cooling resultingfrom the wind. At ambient temperatures above 5C°F, no preheating shall berequired. In all cases, the synthetic membranes shall be dry and protected fromwind damage.

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2. If the CONTRACTOR intends to use methods which may allow seaming atambient temperatures below 40° F (4° C), it shall be demonstrated that the seamso produced is equivalent to those produced under normally approvedconditions, and that the overall quality of the synthetic membrane is notadversely affected. In addition, an addendum to the contract between theOWNER and the CONTRACTOR is required which specifically states that theseaming procedures do not cause any physical or chemical modification to thesynthetic membrane that will generate any short or long term damage to the

• synthetic membrane.

E. . Trial S'eams: . • : . - . . : • ; . '

1. Trial seams'shall be made on fragment pieces of synthetic membrane to verifythat seaming, conditions are adequate. Such trial seams shall be made at thebeginning of each seaming period; if me seaming'apparatus is turned off duringseaming operation; and at least once each four hours, for each seamingapparatus used that day. Also, each seamer shall make at least one trial seam-each day. Trial seams shall be made under the same conditions as actual seams.The trial seams sample shall be at least 3 feet long by 1 foot wide, after seamingwith the seam centered lengthwise. Seam overlap shall be as previouslyindicated. . . . : _ . . - = - • - . •

2. Two adjoining specimens, each 1.0 inch wide, shall be cut for the trial seamsample by the CONTRACTOR The specimens shall be tested respectively inshear and peel using a field tensiometer capable of providing measurable results.If a specimen fails, the entire operation shall be repeated two additional times.If the additional specimen 'fails, the entire operation shall be repeated twice. If.either of the additional specimens fail, the seaming apparatus or seamer shall notbe accepted and shall not be used for seaming until the deficiencies are correctedand two consecutive successful trial welds are achieved.

3. After completion of the above described tests, the remaining portion of the trialseam sample can be discarded. Alternatively, the remaining portion of the trialseam can be subjected to destructive testing. If a trial seam sample fails" a-test,then a destructive test seam sample shall be taken from the seams completed bythe seamer during the shift related to the considered trail seam. These samplesshall be forwarded to the ENGINEER and, "if they fail the tests, the procedure

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indicated in Subsection 3.03 shall apply. The conditions of this paragraph shallbe considered as met for a given seam if a destructive seam test has already beentaken from the considered seam(s).

F. General Seaming Procedures:

1. The general seaming procedures used by the CONTRACTOR shall be asfollows:

a) Seaming shall extend to the outside edge of panels to run out beneath theperimeter benches.

b) If required, a firm substrate shall be provided by using a flat board, aconveyor belt or similar hard surface directly under the seam overlap toachieve proper support.

c) If seaming operations are carried out at night, adequate illuminationshall be provided.

d) Fishmouths or wrinkles at the seam overlaps shall be cut along the ridgeof the wrinkle in order to achieve a flat overlap. The cut fishmouths orwrinkles shall be seamed and any portion where the overlap isinadequate shall then be patched with an oval or round patch of the samesynthetic membrane extending a minimum of 6 inches beyond the cut inall directions.

G. Seaming Process:

1. Approved processes for field seaming are extrusion welding and fusion welding.Seaming equipment shall not damage the synthetic membrane. Only apparatuswhich the ENGINEER has specifically approved by make and model shall beused.

2, Extrusion Procedures:

a) The Geosynthetic Materials Installer shall maintain at least one spareoperable seaming apparatus on site. .....:

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02713.SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE

. b) Extrusion welding apparatus shall be equipped with gauges giving thetemperature in the apparatus and at the nozzle.

c) Prior to beginning a seam, the extruder shall be purged until all heat-degraded extrudate has been removed from the barrel. 'Whenever theextruder is stopped, the barrel shall be purged of all heat-degraded

- - extrudate.

d) The Geosynthetic Materials Installer shall provide documentationregarding the welding rod or resin to the ENGINEER and shall certifythat the welding rod or resin in compatible with the Specifications, andconsists of the same resin as the synthetic membrane.

3. Fusion Procedures: , .

a) The Geosynthetic Materials Installer shall maintain at least one spareoperable seaming apparatus on site. .

b) Fusion-welding apparatus shall be automated vehicular-mounted devicesequipped with gauges giving the applicable temperatures and pressures,

c) The edges of cross seams shall be abraded to a smooth surface, including(top and bottom) prior to welding.

d) A movable protective layer may be used directly below each syntheticmembrane overlap to be seamed to prevent the buildup of moisturebetween the panels.

H. Nondestructive Seam Continuity Testing:

1. The CONTRACTOR shall nondestructively test all field seams over their fulllength using a vacuum test unit, air pressure (for double fusion seams only), orother approved method. Continuity testing shall be conducted as the seamingwork progresses, not at the completion of all field seaming. All non-destructivetesting will be observed by the ENGINEER, or designee. The GeosyntheticMaterials Installer shall complete any required repairs in accordance ~ with

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Subsection 3.03. The following procedures shall apply to locations wherescams cannot be non-destructively tested:

a) All such seams shall be cap-stripped with the same synthetic membrane.

b) If the seam is accessible to testing equipment prior to final installation,the seam shall be non-destructively tested prior to final installation.

c) If the seam cannot be tested prior to final installation, the seaming andstripping operations shall be observed by the ENGINEER for uniformityand completeness.

Vacuum Testing:

a) The equipment shall be comprised of the following:

1) Energize the vacuum box assembly consisting of a rigid housing,a transparent viewing window, a soft neoprene gasket attached tothe bottom, porthole or valve assemble, and a vacuum gauge;

2) Steel vacuum tank and pump assembly equipped with a pressurecontroller and pipe connections;

3) A rubber pressure/vacuum hose with fittings and connections;

4) A bucket and wide paint brush; and,

5) A soapy solution,

b) The following procedures shall be, followed:

I) Energize the vacuum pump and reduce the tank pressure toapproximately 10 inches of mercury; i.e., 5 psi gauge.

2) Wet a strip of synthetic membrane with soapy solution on anarea approximately 6 inches larger in each dimension than thevacuum box being utilized.


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3) Place the box over the wetted area.

4) Close the bleed valve and open the vacuum valve.

5) Ensure that a leak tight seal- is created.

6) For a period of not less Than 30 seconds, examine the syntheticmembrane through the viewing window for the presence of soapbubbles.

7) If no bubble appears after 30 seconds, close the vacuum valveand open the bleed valve, move the box over the next adjoiningarea with a minimum 3 inch overlap, and repeat the process.

8) All areas where soap bubbles appear shall be marked andrepaired in accordance with Subsection 3.03.

3. Air Pressure Testing (For Double Fusion Seams Only):

a) The following procedures are applicable to those processes whichproduce a double seam with an enclosed space.

b) The equipment shall comprise the following:

1) An air pump (manual or motor driven), equipped with a pressuregauge, capable of generating and siistaining a pressure between25 to 30 psi," mounted on a cushion to protect the syntheticmembrane.

2) A rubber hose with fittings and connections.

3) A sharp hollow needle, or other approved pressure feed device.

c) The following procedures shall be followed:

1) Seal both ends of the seam to be tested.

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2) Insert needle, or other approved pressure feed device, into thetunnel created by the fusion weld.

3) Insert a protective cushion between the air pump and thesynthetic membrane.

4) Energize the air pump to a pressure between 25 and 30 psi, closevalve, and sustain the pressure for not less man 5 minutes.

5) If loss of pressure exceeds 3 psi, or does not stabilize, locatefaulty area and repair in accordance with Subsection 3.03.

6) Remove needle, or other approved pressure feed device, and sealrepair in accordance with Subsection 3.03. - - -

I. Destructive Testing:

I. Destructive seams tests shall be performed at selected locations. The purpose ofthese tests is to evaluate seam strength. Seam strength testing shall be done asthe seaming work progresses, not at the completion of all field seaming.

a) Location and Frequency

1) Destructive test samples shall be collected at a minimum averagefrequency of one test location per 500 feet of seam length.Samples, in addition to the minimum average frequency, shall betaken by the CONTRACTOR at locations selected by theENGINEER. Test locations shall be determined during seaming,and may be prompted by suspicion of excess crystallinity,contamination, offset welds, or any other potential cause ofimperfect welding. The CONTRACTOR shall not be informedin advance of the locations where the seam samples will betaken. The ENGINEER, at the recommendation of theENGINEER, reserves the right to increase the frequency inaccordance with actual performance results of samples taken.


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b) Sampling Procedure

1) Samples shall be cut by the CONTRACTOR at locationsdesignated by the ENGINEER as the seaming progresses inorder to obtain laboratory test results before the syntheticmembrane is covered by another material. Each sample shall benumbered and the sample number and location identified on thepanel layout drawing. All holes in the synthetic membraneresulting from the destructive seam sampling shall beimmediately repaired in accordance with the repair proceduresdescribed in Subsection 3.03. The continuity of the new seamsin the repaired area shall be tested according to Subsection 3.03.

c) Size of Samples

1) The samples shall be at least 12 inches wide by 42 inches longwith the seam centered lengthwise. One 1-inch wide strip shallbe cut from each end of the sample, and these shall be tested inthe field. The remaining sample shall be cut into three equalparts and distributed as follows:

A. One portion to the CONTRACTOR for laboratorytesting, 12 inches x 12 inches,

B. One portion to the ENGINEER for laboratory testing, 12inches x 18 inches. • .

C. One portion to the OWNER for archive storage, 12inches x 12 inches. .. .

d) Field Testing

1) The two 1 inch wide strips shall be tested in the field, by hand ortensiometer, capable of providing measurable results, for peeland shear respectively and shall not fail in the seam. If any fieldtest sample fails to pass, then the procedures outlined inSubsection 3.03 I.l.F shall be followed.

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e) Laboratory Testing

1) Testing by the ENGINEER shall include "Seam Strength"(ASTM D-638 with type M-l specimen 0.5 inch wide, tested at 2inch per minute) and "Peel Adhesion" ASTM D-413 as modifiedin NSF Appendix A). The rninimum acceptable values to beobtained in these tests are those indicated in Table 02713-1. Atleast 5 specimens shall be tested for each test method.Specimens shall be selected alternately by test from the sample(i.e., peel, shear, peel, shear, etc.). The CONTRACTOR shallprovide the ENGINEER test results no more than 48 hours afterthe samples are received at the laboratory.

f) Procedures for Destructive Test Failure

1) The following procedures shall apply whenever a sample failsthe destructive test, whether the test conducted by theENGINEER'S Laboratory, the CONTRACTOR'S Laboratory, orby field tensiometer. The CONTRACTOR shall have twooptions:

A. The CONTRACTOR can reconstruct "the seam betweenany two passed test locations.

B. The CONTRACTOR can trace the welding path arninimum of 10 feet in each direction from the failed testand take a small sample for an additional field test ateach location. If these additional samples pass the tests,the full laboratory samples shall be taken. If theselaboratory samples pass the tests, then the seam shall bereconstructed between these location. If either samplesfails, then the process shall be repeated to establish thezone in which the seam should be reconstructed. In anycase, ail acceptable seams must be bounded by twolocations from which samples passing laboratorydestructive tests have been taken. In cases exceeding 150


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feet of reconstructed seam, a sample taken from withinthe reconstructed zone must pass destructive testing.Whenever a sample fails, additional testing may berequired for seams that were seamed by the same seamerand/or seaming apparatus, or seamed during the sametime shift

J. Defects and Repairs

1. Identification: 'All seams and non-seam areas of the synthetic membrane will beexamined by the ENGINEER for identification of defects, holes, blisters,undispersed raw materials and any sign of contamination by foreign matter. Thesurface of the synthetic membrane shall be clean at the time of examination.The synthetic membrane surface shall be broomed or washed, by theCONTRACTOR if the amount of dust or mud inhibits examination. TheCONTRACTOR .shall ensure that this examination of the synthetic membraneprecedes any seSrning of that section.

2. Evaluation: Each suspect location, both in seam and non-seam areas, shall benondestructiveiy tested using "the methods described in Subsection 3.03 Happropriate. Each location which fails the. nondestructive testing shall bemarked by the ENGINEERjnd repaired by me CONTRACTOR. Work shallnot proceed with any materials which will cover locations which have beenrepaired until laboratory test results with passing, values are available.

3. Repair Procedures: "-,;.".,.""... __',.-^. „ i..",'. ,,

a) Any portion of the synthetic membrane exhibiting a flaw, or failing a.destructive or nondestructive test, and. locations of destructive seamsampling shall be repaired by the CONTRACTOR. Several proceduresexist for the repair of these areas. The final decision as to theappropriate repair procedure shall be agreed upon between theENGINEER and" the' CONTRACTOR! The procedures availableinclude:

1) Patching, used to repair large holes, tears, undispersed rawmaterials, and contamination by foreign matter.

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2) Grinding and rewelding, used to repair small sections ofextruded seams.

3) Spot welding or seaming, used to repair small sections ofextruded seams.

4) Cap strips used to repair large lengths of failed seams.

5) Removing bad seam and replacing with a strip of new materialwelded into place used with a large lengths of fusion seams.

b) An addition, the following provisions shall be satisfied:

1) Surfaces of the synthetic membrane which are to be repairedshall be abraded no more than one hour prior to the repair.

2) All surfaces must be clean and dry at the time of repair.

3) All seaming equipment used in repairing procedures must beapproved.

4) The repair procedures, materials, and techniques shall beapproved in advance of the specific repair by the ENGINEER,-'the ENGINEER and the CONTRACTOR.

5) Patches or caps shall extend at least 6 inches beyond the edge ofthe defect, and all comers of patches shall be rounded with aradius of at least 3 inches.

6) The synthetic membrane below large caps should beappropriately cut to avoid water collection between the twosheets.

4. Verification of Repairs: Each repair shall be numbered and logged. Each repairshall be nondestructively tested using the methods described in Subsection 3.03H as appropriate. Repairs which pass the nondestructive test shall be taken as an

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indication of an adequate repair. ~ Large caps may be of sufficient extent torequire destructive test sampling, at the discretion of the ENGINEER. Failedtests indicate that the repair shall be redone and retested until a passing testresults. ' •

5. Large Wrinkles: When seaming of the secondary synthetic membrane iscompleted (or when seaming of a large area of. the secondary syntheticmembrane is completed) and prior to placing overlying materials, theENGINEER shall identify all" excessive liner wrinkles. The CONTRACTORshall cut and reseam all wrinkles so identified. The seam thus produced shall betested like any other seam.. The same process will be repeated for the primarysynthetic membrane.

3.04 MATERIALS IN COOTACt AVITH THE SYNTHETIC MEMBRA?^

A. The following provisions require the CONTRACTOR to take all necessaryprecautions so that the installation of these materials does not damage the syntheticmembrane. Installation on rough surfaces such as. concrete shall be carefullyperformed to minimize damage. If approved, additional loosely placed geotextilesections may" be used by- the CONTRACTOR as protection for the syntheticmembrane.

B. Equipment shall not be driven directly on the synthetic membrane. Unlessotherwise specified by the ENGINEER, all operational equipment utilized to placedverlying soil materials shall adhere to the following soil thicknesses:

Maximum Allowable Equipment Soil Thickness AboveGround Pressure .... ..Synthetic Membrane

<5psi • • • " • " " . " • " " • " " " 1.0 ft

<10psi 1.5ft ,._

<20 psi 2.0 ft

>20psi ' 3.0ft " "

C. Placement shall be such as to prevent wrinkles, snags and tears. Placement shall bein the presence of the ENGINEER, or designated CQA personnel.

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D. The- CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the placement of the syntheticmembrane without wrinkles, folds or extraneous materials that would inhibit thesynthetic membrane complete.

3.05 SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE INSTALLATION ACCEPTANCE

A. The CONTRACTOR shall retain all ownership and responsibility for the syntheticmembrane installation until acceptance by the OWNER.

B. The synthetic membrane installation shall be accepted by the OWNER when:

1. The installation is finished.

2. All documentation of installation is completed, including the ENGINEER'S finalreport.

3. Verification of the adequacy of all field seams and repairs, including associatedtesting, is complete.

4. Written certification documents, including record drawings, sealed by aregistered professional engineer under the auspices of the CONTRACTOR,have been received by the OWNER.

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Table 02713-1

Required Property Values for Textured and Smooth Synthetic Membranes

SpecifiedProperty Qualifiers Units Values Test Method

Thickness - — : "" minimum mils 40 ASTMD-5199Density ";" "^minimum ~~g/cm* ' 0.~935 ASTM D792 Method A or

ASTM D-1505Melt Index :. rninimum g/10 mm. 1.0, . ASTM D-1238Tensile Strength at break _ „__„._:_nuvnirmirn ; .lb/in,_ . . 100V170b ASTM D-638Tear Resistance^" '" ' WmU i ' ^ "lb ' ' "" 29 A5tMD-1004Puncture Resistance . miromum"'" ' lb 70 ASTMD-4833Carbon Black Content irMhlum % "~'~ " 2 ASTMD-4218Carbon Black Dispersion rating" ' ~ ''_~\:BQT&~'~'" S,A2,Bi. ASTMD-5596/

otes: ' .. ." " - .' .". . " - - ":::. ".-".-,:":.- --"',- T.:"::.:_;:-) Minimum Tensile Strength at break value for textured LLDPE.b) MinimunxTensile Strength at break value for smooth LLDPE.

END OF SECTION

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g p o | (077GERAGHTYfif ME,LER,INC.

02831CHAIN LINK FENCES AND GATES

PARTI-GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

•A. The CONTRACTOR shall remove existing chain-link fence; install a 6-foot highchain link security fence as required to secure the project site during and followingconstruction activities, as shown on the Drawings; and provide a swing gate andpersonal gate as depicted on, the Drawings.

B. The Work includes, but is not limited to removal and stockpiling of existing fencecomponents, and installing new fence, posts, gates and appurtenances around theproject site, as shown on the Drawings.

*1.02 RELATED WORK

A. Section 03300 - Cast-in-Place Concrete"

1.03 - REFERENCES

A. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extentreferenced. The publications are referred in the text by the basic designation only.

B. Federal Specifications (Fed. Spec.):

RR-F-191K/GEN Fencing, Wire and Post Metal (and Gates, Chain Link FenceFabric, and Accessories) (General Specification)

RR-F-191/ld .'-" FencingrWire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Fabric)(Detail Specification)

RR-F-191/2d Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Gates)(Detail Specification)

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RR-F-!9I/3d Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Posts, TopRails and Braces) (Detail Specification)

RR-F-191/4d Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link FenceAccessories) (Detail Specification)

C. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Publications:

ASTM A 123 Zinc (Hot Galvanized) Coatings of Products Fabricated fromRolled, Pressed, and Forged Steel Shapes, Plates, Bars andStrips,

ASTM F 567 Installation of Chain-Link Fence.

ASTM A 120 - Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-dipped Zinc-coated (Galvanized)welded and Seamless, for Ordinary Uses.

ASTM C 94 . Ready-mixed Concrete. - :

ASTM B 429 Framework. .

ASTM A 569 Steel Carbon (0.15 Maximum, Percent), Hot-Rolled Sheetand Strip Commercial Quality.

ASTM A 570 Steel, Sheet & Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled Structural Quality.

D. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Inc. Publication:

UL 467 Grounding and Bonding Equipment "" ~"

%

1.04 QUALITY CONTROL

A. In accordance with Section 01400-QUALITY CONTROL.


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——--_,--- 02831CHAIN LINK FENCES AND GATES

B. .-Installation of the chain link fence and gates shall be accomplished by an installationsubcontractor, approved by the manufacturer, having a rninimum of three (3) yearsexperience in the satisfactory performance of similar work.

1.05 SUBMTTTALS

A. .- In accprdance-wrtrrSection 01300 -SUBMTTTALS.

B. -Specific work history of the chain link fence installer shall be provided.

C. " The CONTRACTOR'S submittals shall include" a plan layout; spacing ofcomponents; and a schedule of components.

D. - The CONTRACTOR shall submit "manufacturer's installation instructions.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 GENERAL

A. All new materials shall conform to Fed. Spec. RR-F-191 and detailed specificationsforming the various parts thereto. Chain link security fence shall be constructed atthe locations and alignment shown on the Drawings. All chain link security fencematerials shall be the standard product of one manufacturer who is regularlyengaged in the manufacture of chain link security fencing. Products which differonly in non-essential details from those specified herein will be acceptable.Drawings shall be submitted fp_r_any deviations to. the ENGINEER

B." Delivery. Storage and Protection. Materials..slialLbe delivered to the site in anundamaged condition. Materials shall be carefully stored off the ground to provideproper protection against oxidation caused by ground contact. - .

C. Storage and ProtectLQn.of Existing Fence Materials. Materials obtained through theremoval of existing chain link fence(s) to be reused shall be stored and protected as

WOODLAWN LANDFILL. _! . ..\7.,;=_ ,:..._. ,:.^--—. - . REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND ::: : " , - - - . - - - - _ . : • , - ,---.--- - - - ^^ 199g

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stated in Paragraph B above. All materials stored for reuse shall be cleaned andrecoated as necessary in accordance with the following specifications at thediscretion of the ENGINEER prior to storage.

2.02 POSTS, RAILS, AND BRACES

A, Fed Spec. RR-F-I91/3, galvanized steel, 1.8 ounce per square foot, except asmodified herein.

B. Post Braces and Truss Rods. For each gate, comer, pull or end post." Truss rodsshall be provided with turnbuckles or other equivalent provisions for adjustment.

C. Intermediate Posts. C-section line posts of the same dimension as H-post, 0.120inch wall thickness, and fabricated from steel conforming to ASTM A570, Grade 33may be furnished in lieu of H- or round posts.

D. Posts, Braces, Rails, and Gate Frames. Steel pipe manufactured from steelconforming to ASTM A 569, cold-rolled. Steel pipe shall be of the same externaldimension and minimum wall thickness-as Class 1 - steel pipe as listed in Fed.Spec. RR-F-191/3. Post, brace, rail and gate frame sizes shall be as indicated on theSteel Post and Gate Post schedules on the Drawings.

2.03 CHAIN-LINK FABRIC

A, Fed. Spec. RR-F-191/1; Type I, 1.2 ounces per square foot coating, or Type n, 0.40ounce per square foot coating, and shall be.9-gauge wire woven in a 2-inch mesh.Fabric width shall be as indicated.

B. Attach fabric by method standard with the manufacturer, except that welding willnot be permitted.

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2.04 SWING GATES

A. • Fed, Spec. RR-F-191/2; gates shall be the type shown on the Drawings. Gateframes and accessories shall be galvanized steel, 1.8 ounce per square foot. Gatefabric shall be as specified for chain-link fabric.

B. Gate leaves equal to or more than 8 feet wide shall have either intermediatemembers and diagonal .truss rods or shall have tubular members as necessary toprovide rigid construction, free from sag or twist. Gate leaves less than 8 feet wideshall have truss rods or intermediate braces.

C. Gate fabric shall be attached to the gate frame by method standard with themanufacturer except that welding will not be permitted.

D. Latches shall be arranged for padlocking so that padlock will be accessible fromboth sides of the gate regardless of the latching arrangement. Gates shall beprovided with stops for holding gates in the open position.

E. Hinges shall be ball" and socket offset type allowing gates to swing parallel with lineoffence; to be of malleable iron or forgings.

F. Gate hardware shall be fork-type latch with gravity drop with three 180--degreehinges per leaf and hardware for padlock.

2.05 CONCRETE - " "*"~~"'. '. ^-- --- :' ."""~7:~" - -..

A. ASTM C 94, .using 3/4-inch maximum-size aggregate, and having minimum. compressive strength of 3,000 psi at 28 days, in accordance with Section 03300.-CAST-IN-PLACECONCREtBofthese Specifications. :

WOODLAWN LANDFILL ' '_ '..' ..__ .__.__-.-., _ REVISION NO, 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . APRIL 6,1998

02831-5

A R 3 I 1282GERAGHTY # MDLLER,INC. " " "'


2,06 COMPONENTS

A. Top, bottom, and upright gate frame members shall be minimum l5/,-inch OX).steel pipe,

B. Fence fabric shall be 1.75-inch diamond mesh, galvanized steel wire, interwoven 9-gauge thick with top selvage twisted tight and bottom selvage knuckle and closed.

C. Caps shall be galvanized steel sized to post dimension.

D. All sleeves, bands, clips, rail bends, tensions, bars, fasteners and fittings, shall begalvanized steel.

E, Tension Wire shall have a minimum tensile strength of 75,000 psi, zinc-coated foruse with zinc-coated fabric and aluminum coated for use with aluminum-coatedfabric. Minimum weight of aluminum coating shall be 0.40 ounce of aluminum persquare foot of wire.

F. Tie Wire shall be nine gauge galvanized steel wire for attaching fabric to rails,braces, and intermediate posts.

G. Hog Rings shall be nine gauge (minimum) galvanized steel wire for attaching fabricto bottom reinforcing wires.

H. Padlocks shall be Fed. Spec. FF-P-101, type EPB, 1-3/4-inch size, with chain. Allpadlocks shall be keyed alike.

2.07 FINISHES

A, Frame components shall be galvanized at a rate of 1.8 ounces per square foot inaccordance with ASTM A 123.


02831-6

A R 3 I 1283GERAGHTY & ME-LER,INC.


PART 3-EXECUTION

1.01 INSTALLATION

A. CONTRACTOR shall install framework, fabric, gates, and accessories inaccordance with ASTM F 567 and as shown on the Drawings. •

B. - .The fence shall be installed on previously prepared surfaces to line and gradeindicated. Fence installation.shall be as specified and in accordance with the fencemanufacturer's written installation instructions.

C. . Excavation for "concrete-embedded' items shall be of the dimensions indicated. Postholes shall be cleared of loose materials. Spoil material shall be spread wheredirected by the ENGINEER! The ground surface irregularities, along the fence lineand in areas" not-being altered by area grading, shall be eliminated to the extentnecessary to maintain a 2-inch clearance between the bottom of the fabric andsurface. , . . . - - -

D. Contractor shall provide 6-foot nominal height fence with line posts not exceeding10 feet center-to-center. ' '

E All posts shall be set plumb and in alignment in concrete floorings with top offooting a minimum oftwo inches above the finished surface. Posts shall be set in aconcrete base a minimum of.24 inches. Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted asto be free of voids and finished in a dome. Concrete shall cure 3 days prior toinstallation of fabric. Straight runs between braced posts shall not exceed 500 feet.

F. . .. Each gate"and corner post shall be braced back to adjacent line post with horizontalbrace and rail and diagonal truss rods.

G. CONTRACTOR shall furnish center and bottom brace rails on corner posts and gateleaves. , •

H. Tension wire shall be stretched taut between terminal and corner posts.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL"" 7T"T.___r""~ "_'_'.'_'_"_" ~.~~ ~ --REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND '.... .- -- ,.. ..". -' APRIL 6,199,8

02831-7

A R 3 I 12814GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. O

02S31CHAIN LINK FENCES AND GATES

I. • Bottom tension wire shall be installed before installing chain-link fabric and shall bepulled taut.

J. Post caps shall be of the design as required to accommodate the top rail. Post capssh«H be installed as recommended by the manufacturer.

K. Supporting arms shall be of the design as required to accommodate the top rail.Supporting arms shall be installed as recommended by the manufacturer.

L. Top rail shall be installed before installing chain-link fabric and shall pass throughintermediate post caps. Expansion coupling shall be provided and spaced amaximum of 100 feet on center.

M. Fabric shall be placed two inches above finished grade surface and mechanicallypulled taut and secured to the top rail and bottom wire close to both sides of eachpost and at intervals of not more than 24 inches on center. Fabric shall be secured toline posts using ties at the top and bottom at intervals of not more than 15 inches.Fabric shall be secured to end, corner, pull, and gate posts for "the full length byintegrally weaving to fastening loops or by using stretcher bars and bands. Fabricshall be twisted and barbed on the top selvage and knuckled on the bottom selvage.

R Gates shall be hinged to swing through 180 degrees from closed to open. Gatesshall be complete with latches, stops, keepers, fabric, braces, and locks and shallconform to the Drawings. Hinge pins and hardware shall be welded or otherwisesecured to prevent removal.

O. Padlocks shall be furnished for gate openings and shall have chains that are securelyattached to the gate or gate posts. Padlocks shall be keyed alike and five keys shallbe provided by the CONTRACTOR to the ENGINEER

3.02 RELOCATION OF EXISTING CHAIN LINK SECURITY FENCE AND GATES

A. The removal of existing fence and gates designated for relocation or temporaryremoval shall be in accordance with the requirements hereinbefore specified for

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. ooCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND : APRIL 6,1998

02831-8

GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. A R 3 II 2 8 5

02831CHAIN. LINK FENCES AND GATES : :

removal thereof. All fence materials to be reinstalled in the Work shall be jointlyinspected by the CONTRACTOR ".and the ENGINEER prior to dismantling orremoval by the CONTRACTOR. An agreement briefly setting forth the currentcondition of the fence and gates to be reinstalled shall be prepared by theCONTRACTOR and signed by the CONTRACTOR and the ENGINEER. .

B. :___Reinstallation shall be as specified under paragraph 3.01 of this Section. TheCONTRACTOR shall supply such new parts conforming to the requirements of thisSection as are necessary "to" complete the installation of the relocated fences andgates. - - - - - _ - -— . . . " . . . . . .

3.03 GROUNDING " . " .'. .

A. :Fence.fabric shall be grounded at each site of every gate, at points 150 feet each sideof overhead power-transmission lines, at intervals of every 1,000 to 1,500 feet oflength when fences are located "in isolated places, and every 500 to 750 feet when inclose proximity (100.feet or less) to public roads, highways, and buildings. Fenceshall be grounded at locations where the fence alignment changes more than 15degrees. *. " ~~ v "- .* . ------' ' ." " -

iB. . —Each fence post to be grounded shall be connected to a ground electrode consisting

of O/4-inch diameter copper-clad steel ground rod 10 feet long, driven not less than11 feet into the ground .with rod located at the fence line or as near the fence line asis practical. Penetrations of the geosynthetics comprising the cover system shall bemechanically fastened to appropriate synthetic boots seamed to the geosynthetics,and shall be approved by the ENGINEER prior to "installation. Alternately, groundelevations shall be measured outside the perimeter of the cover system. Ground

. rods shall conform to UL 467. Connection of fence post to ground electrode shallbe made below grade with not less than No. 4 AWG stranded-copper wire with TWinsulation by approved clamp-type fitting of copper on fence post and electrode.Each gate panel shall be bonded with a flexible bond strap to its gate post.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL. ._ . .... . _. ....:.. ' REVISION NO. 00CECILCOUNTY;MARYLAND r;". ",:; ...:."":.::.;:.".".":.:„""~:_"'" ~, APRIL6,1998

02831-9

- . A R 3 I 1 2 8 6GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. - .

- '-:•--,..- Q29QL- - - -'"-.>... .MISCELLANEOUS WORK AND SITE CLEANUP

• • • :'-'• PART 1 - GENERAL ;.;.;._

1.01 SCOPE OF \VOkK- . • ' " - , - ' ' i ' - ' - * ' • . '

A. - Furnish all labor, , materials, equipment, and incidentals required to performmiscellaneous Work not specified in other sections,, but necessary for the propercompletion of the work as shown, on the Drawings.

' B. When applicable, the CONTRACTOR_shaU_perform .the Work hi accordance withother sections, of these Specifications. When no applicable specification exists theCONTRACTOR shall perform the work in accordance with established industrypractice and/or as directed by the ENGINEER. ". i i - , j • ^

C. - The work of this Section includes, but is not limited tcs the foilowing:t '- . ^

•I. Cleanup.

2. Incidental work.

3. Restoration of disturbed areas."

4. , Restoring easement and right-of-ways.

: 5.

6. -.-. Protection of existing underground utilities.- • . --- " •' -- "

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS " " -~:: ---------_ ----- ------^------- - -

A. Materials required for this section shall be the same quality of materials that are tobe restored. Where possible, the CONTRACTOR. may re-use existing materialsthat are removed subject to the approval of the ENGINEER,

WOODLAWN LANDFILL ^" -C T" ""-'""_: "-"'3":" ~": T """" REVTSIONNO.OOCECIL cbumr; MARYLAND;''' ~ •——••-- — • - -•-• _ - - — - - -' ' '

, . -, j a n o I 1 O Q "7

MILLER,INC. ' fl " M

02901MISCELLANEOUS WORK AND SHE CLEANUP

PART 3- EXECUTION

3,01 CLEAN UP

A, The CONTRACTOR shall remove all construction material, excess excavation,buildings, equipment and other debris remaining on the project except as otherwisespecified, as & result of construction operations and shall restore the site of the workto a neat and orderly condition.

B, During the course of the work, fee CONTRACTOR shall keep the site of operationsin as clean and neat a condition as is possible. CONTRACTOR shall dispose of allresidue resulting from the construction work.

C. At the completion of the work, the CONTRACTOR shall;

1. Remove waste materials, rubbish, tools, .equipment, machinery, andsurplus materials.

2, Rjemove grease, dust, dirt, stains, labels, and other deleterious orforeign materials from project area.

3, Repair, patch, and touch up marred or otherwise damaged surfaces,

4, Prior to handling over the completed project, conduct an inspectionof surfaces, and all work areas, to verify that the entire site is hi anorderly condition.

D. In. order to ptevent environmental pollution arising from the construction activitiesrelated to the performance of this Contract, the CONTRACTOR and Subcontractorsshall comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws and .regulationsconcerning waste material disposal, as well as, the specific requirements stated hithis section aad elsewhere in these Specifications.

E. The CONTRACTOR is advised mat the disposal of excess excavated material in.wetlands, stream corridors, and plains is strictly prohibited. Any violation of thisrestriction by the CONTRACTOR or -any "employee, will be brought to theimmediate attention of the responsible regulatory agencies, with a request that

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL6,I998

02901-2

GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC - . O

02901 ••"*"•MISCELLANEOUS WORK AND SITE CLEANUP

appropriate action be taken against the offending parties. Therefore, theCONTRACTOR will be required to remove the fill and restore the area impactedwithout additional cost to the OWNER.

3 02 INCIDENTAL WORK

A. CONTRACTOR shall perform all incidental work not otherwise specified, butnecessary to the proper completion of the Contract as specified and as shown on the

' Drawings. . . .

3.03 RESTORING EASEMENTS AND RIGHT-OF-WAYS

A. Existing" vegetated "surfaces damaged by construction shall be replaced. TheCONTRACTOR shall restore the areas with an equivalent depth and quality ofloam, seed and fertilizer as necessary to produce a stand of grass at least equal tothat existing prior to construction. These areas shall be maintained and re-seeded, ifnecessary, until the Work has been completed and accepted. Any additional Workrequired to, restore property to the original condition shall be performed by theCONTRACTOR. '" :" "

3.04 PROTECTION OF EXISTING UNDERGROUND UTILITIES

A. Underground utilities, (telephone, sewer, culverts, etc.) may exist within the projectarea.' Locations of these utilities may or may not be shown on the Drawings. Priorto starting work the CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for determining utilitylocations by contacting the utility owners and/or digging test pit excavations asdirected by the" ENGINEER. " """."..'" " T" ""

B. The "CONTRACTOR" shaS cooperate with the OWNER, and other utilitycomparnes;~and shall not allow utility service to be disrupted or relocated withoutthe permission'ofme ENGINEER and the written permission of the utility owner.

C. =,. - -In the event that an existing utility must be relocated in order to avoid a conflictwith the Work, the CONTRACTOR shall notify the ENGINEER and the OWNERpromptly.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL - -.:::""." .. ~: _-:-"---,,- .... - REVISIONNO.OQCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND -- " . - - - - - - APRIL6, 1998

02901-3 - - ". .'

A D O j I O O QGERAGHTY # MHXER,INC " n o i i £ O 3

02936 . - . / - -SEEDING '.-,-, -

PART 1 • GENERAL

1.01 WORK INCLUDED

A. The Work covered by this section consists of furnishing all equipment, tools, materials,and labor necessary for establishing temporary and permanent vegetative cover; e.g.,seeding, fertilizing, and mulching, on all areas disturbed at the site.

1.02 RELATED WORK

A. Section 01300 " Submittals

B. Section 02290 Erosion and Sediment Control

1.03. . REFERENCES '. " .," " "^ " " ' "" :

A. The following publications of the issues listed below form a part of this specification tothe.extent referenced. The publications are.referenced In the text by basic designationonly. * - .

1. US. DEPARTMENT OF AGRlCULtURE (USDA)Federal Seed Act of 9 August 1939 (53 Stat 1275)

2. 1994 Maryland Standards and Specifications for Soil. Erosion and SedimentControl

1.04 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. The specified seed varieties and quantities shall be uniformly distributed over thedisturbed area in such a manner that will produce an even stand of grass .over the entire

, area seeded. The CONTRACTOR shall notify the ENGINEER at least ten (10) daysprior to seeding operations. ' ". . " . . . . . .

1.05 SOlLTESt ~":' -:-------•—-

A. The CONTRACTOR shall perform agricultural soil Jests to determine lime andfertilizer requirements for permanent seeding.. Soil tests shall be performed by arecognized commercial laboratory. Test reports shall be submitted to the ENGINEERor their representative in accordance with Part 1.06 of this Section.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL - ,-..'.: l -, .,-=- ---.-,—- r.s—w_ — REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND'""".' " ."" """• APRIL 6, 1998

02936-1 -

a n O I I O Q flGERAGHTY & MEXER,INC.

02936SEEDING

1.06 SUBMIT! ALS

A, In accordance wfth Section 013QO - SUBMTTTALS. the CONTRACTOR shall submitthe following items:

1. Certificates of Compliance or Reports:

a) Seed;b) Fertilizer;c) Lime; and,d) Agricultural Soil Test Report

1.07 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Delivery:

1. During delivery, seed shall be protected from any drying or contamination bydetrimental material.

2. Seeding material shall be inspected upon arrival at the site; unacceptablematerial shall be immediately removed from the site by the CONTRACTOR.

3. Fertilizer shall be delivered to the site in the original, unopened containersbearing the manufacturer's guaranteed chemical analysis, name, trade name,trademark, and conformance with State of Maryland and federal law.

4, Pesticides and herbicides shall be delivered to the site in the original unopenedcontainers. Containers without labels and United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency (USEPA) registration numbers and the manufacturer'sregistered uses will be rejected by the ENGINEER. :

B. Storage:

1. Seed and fertilizer shall be stored in cool, dry locations away fromcontaminants.

2. Pesticides and herbicides shall not be stored with other landscape materials andshall be handled and stored following manufacturer's directions.

3. Materials shall be stored in areas designated or approved by the ENGINEER.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6r 1998

02936-2 - ,-: -

B R 3 I I 2 9 IGERAGHTY # MILLER,!NC. V

02936SEEDING

PART 2-MATERIALS

2.01 MATERIALS .. : " . :" "... . .

A, Seed shall be of the latest season's crop and shall be delivered in original sealedpackages bearing the producer's guaranteed analysis for percentages of mixtures,purity, germination weed-seed content, and inert material. Labels shall conform withUSDA Federal Seed Act, Rules & Regulations and applicable State of Maryland seedlaws. Wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged seed will be rejected.

1. Temporary" Seed Mixture

Temporary seeding shall be as described in.Table 02936-1: TemporarySeeding Rates, Depths, and Dates, or as directed by the ENGINEER ;

2'. "Permanent "Seed Mixture

The permanent"seed mixture shall be one of the mixtures outlined in Table02936-2: Permanent Seeding Requirements, or as directed by the ENGINEER.

B. Fertilizer shall be controlled-release. commercial grade, granular free flowing, uniformin composition, delivered in fully labeled sealed containers, and shall conform toapplicable State of Maryland and federal regulations. Fertilizer shall bear themanufacturer's guaranteed statement of analysis. .

C. -Natural limestone shall contain not less than 85% of total carbonates and ground tosuch fineness that not less than 98% passes a No. 20-mesh sieve and not less than 50%passes aNo. 100-mesh sieve.

D. Soil Conditions ~. .

The soil shall meet the following ininimum conditions for permanent vegetativeestablishment: ....' . . . . . . ..._,___._._

I. Soil pH shall be between 6.0 and 7.0.2. Soluble salts shall be less than 500 parts per million (ppm).3,. ... -The soil shall contain less than 40% clay but enough fine-grained niaterial to

maintain moisture. , - -4. Soil shall contain 1.5% minimum organic matter by weight.5. Soil must contain sufficient pore space to permit adequate root penetration.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL - . . ' REVISION NO. 00.CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND * . ' ' ' . ' ' ~ APRIL 6, 1998

02936-3:.- •"•.'-: .-• . !; •: . - ..'

GERAGHTY 6* MILLER,rNC.

02936SEEDING

6. If these conditions cannot be met by soils on site, adding topsoil or soilamendments is required after approval by the ENGINEER.

E. Mulch

1. Straw Mulch shall be unrotted stalks from oats, wheat or rye that are free fromnoxious weeds, mold, or other objectionable material. The straw mulch shallcontain at least 50 percent by weight of the material to be ten (10) inches orlonger. Straw shall be in an air-dry condition and suitable for placing withblower equipment.

2, Hydro-Mulch Overspray Tackifier shall be the same as, or equal to, a recycledslick paper (containing wood cellulose and kaolinite clay), shall not contain anygrowth or genrnnation-inhibiting factors, and shall be dyed an appropriate colorto facilitate visual metering during application. Slick paper composition on air-dry weight basis: 8 percent moisture maximum, pH 4.5 - 6.5, When added towater, it shall form a homogenous slurry specifically for use in hydraulicmulching equipment. This material when sprayed on the straw mulch becomesa tackifier/binder and provides a stable bed for seed germination.

F, "Water shall be of a quality suitable for irrigation. ;

G. Chemical Treatment Material shall be USEPA-registered and approved herbicides andpesticides. These materials shall comply with all applicable State of Maryland andfederal laws and regulations. ;

PART3-EXECUTION

3.01 DATES FOR SEEDING

A. Temporary seeding shall be performed when exposed soil surfaces are anticipated notto be disturbed for a period of 45 days to one year, or as directed by the ENGINEER.Temporary seeding shall occur from March 1 through November 15, in accordancewith Table 02936-1.

B. Permanent seeding shall be performed when exposed soil surfaces are not anticipatedto be disturbed for periods up to one year or upon completion of all site work.

1. From March 1 to November 15, permanent seeding shall occur in accordancewith Table 02936-2.


02936-4 . . . . . = ,

AR3M293GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC.

02936 "SEEDING.

3.02 PREPARATION OF SEEDBED

A. Tillage ... . . .....:. . . . . -

1. The soil shall be tilled to a depth of at.least 3 inches by plowing, disking,harrowing, or rototiUing. When drought, excessive moisture, or otherunsatisfactory conditions prevail, the Work shall be stopped. The soil surfaceshall be leveled to meet finish grade requirements before seeding. Seedbedpreparation shall be performed on the contour to reduce soil loss. Sloped areasgreater than 3:1 shall be tracked with ridges running parallel to the slope.

B." . Application of Fertilizer and Lime

L. Fertilizer shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of 3 inches duringseedbed preparation. " ' " " . ' " "

C. Fertilizer and Lime Rate -

1. Fertilizer and Lime shall be applied at the rate determined.by the results of theCONTRACTOR'S Agricultural Soil Test. The following rates are provided as acomparison to the Agricultural Soil Test results.

a. For temporary seeding, the fertilizer :shall be .applied at a rate of 15pounds per 1,000 square feet or 600 pounds per acre of 10-10-10 or 12-12-12 analysis or equivalent. The lime shall be applied at a rate of 2tons p e r acre. . / • - • • • •

b. , For permanent seeding, 10-20-20 fertilizer shall be applied at a rate of90 Ibs/ac"N, 175 Ibs/ac P205, and 175 Ibs/ac K20. The lime shall beapplied at a rate of 2 tons per acre.

3.03 "PLANTINGSEED" '" " '"" •' ." '" V""

A. . Prior to seeding, any previously prepared seedbed areas compacted or damaged byinterim rains, traffic, or other cause, shall be reworked to restore the ground conditionpreviously specified. Seed shall be planted at the rate specified herein.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL : _ _ '^^.-^--~----I~--i.-~^==^L- ;-:,»- «v,-- - - RE VISION NO.. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND"" ; . ; : - : - APRIL6,1998

02936-5 '•" •"" •.--.;•••'- .' -

AR3! 1291*GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC.

02936 • • - . . . - • "SEEDING

B. Seed planting shall be accomplished by:

1. Broadcast Seeding

The CONTRACTOR shall broadcast seed by hand or with approved gravity orcyclone types of spreading equipment. Broadcast seedings shall be covered toan average depth of 1A to Va-inch. Completed seeding shall be mixed into soilwith a harrow or rake and compacted with a cultipacker-type roller providing60 to 90. pounds weight per linear foot of roller, or by equivalent approved handrolling or compacting methods. Broadcast seeding will not be permitted whenwind velocity is such as to prevent uniform seed distribution.

2. Drill Seeding

The CONTRACTOR shall plant seed with a Brillon-type grass seed drillequipped with seeding mechanisms, agitator, double disk furrow openers andpacker wheels. The seed drill shall plant, cover and compact the seedbed in thesame operation. The distance between drill rows shall not be more than 3 to 4inches apart with planting depth of !/4 to 'A-inch. Drill seeding is recommendedover broadcast for large areas of seeding.

3. Hydroseeding

If hydroseeding is used and the seed and fertilizer is mixed, they shall be mixedon site and the seeding shall be immediate and without interruption.

4. Mulching

The CONTRACTOR shall perform mulching on the same day as planting seed.

a. Applying Mulch

Straw mulch shall be spread uniformly in a continuous blanket of auniform loose depth of 1 to 2 inches over the seeded areas, using aminimum of 2 tons per acre, or as directed by the ENGINEER. Themulch shall be spread in such manner as to prevent bunching.

b. Securing Mulch

Immediately following (the same day) the spreading of the mulch, thematerial shall be anchored securely to the soil by use of the Hydro-

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6,1998

02936-6 : " " :. .. • •;-- - ; -

ftR3 I 1295GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC.

02936 . . . , . . - • : , - •SEEDING - - - - - .

Mulch Overspray Tackifier material. The material shall be applied by ahydroseed blower, or as approved by the ENGINEER. The material

v shall be applied .in a raining" technique to prevent bunching anddisplacement of the straw mulch.

3.04 PROTECTION AND CLEANUPi

After seeding and mulching operations have been completed, barricades and approved warningsigns shall be erected by the CONTRACTOR as required to provide protection against trafficand trespass. Excess material from seeding and mulching operations, and all debris, shall becleaned up and disposed off-site by CONTRACTOR, unless otherwise directed by theENGINEER. ...... - ~ - """V:":"-" .-- '~ .*..'.-.. ..~ ."-

3.05 ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE PERIOD

A. Establishment Period ~

The CONTRACTOR-is responsible for the establishment and maintenance ofpermanent .seeding for a'minirrium period of one year from the date of application.

B'. Maintenance Period

The CONTRACTOR snail be responsible for maintenance of temporary andpermanent seeding until receiving the Certificate of_Fjnal Acceptance. Maintenanceactivities performed by the 'CONTRACTOR shall include:

1. The CONTRACTOR shall repair and reseed patches of dead vegetation whichare the result of improper seeding practices.

2. —Eroded or damaged seeding shall be repaired and reseeded by theCONTRACTOR " .

WOODLAWN LANDFILL" 7" ' "7 .' V"" 7'. "TI . .:."~'.'.: , REVISIONNOJOOCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND .- -- - - -'-=:.;"."-- - APRIL 6,1998

02936-7' . • '- .-' ., - .-

f l R 3 i 1296GERAGHTY <SP MILLER, INC. "

02936 .... . :.SEEDING

Table 02936-1 Temporary Seeding Rates, Depths, and Dates

SPECIES

CHOOSE ONE;BARLEYOATSRYE"

BARLEY ORRYE PLUSFOXTAIL MILLET40

WEEPINGLOVEGRASS41

ANNUAL RYEGRASS

MILLET3

MINIMUM SEEDINGRATES

PER ACRE

2.5 BU. (122 Ibs)3 BU. (96 Ibs)

2.5 BU. (140 Ibs)

150 Ibs

4 Ibs

50 Ibs

50 Ibs

LBS/1000SQ.FT.

2.82.213.22

3.45

0.9

1.15

1.15

PLANTINGDEPTH37

INCHES

1-21-21-2

1

1/4 - 1/2

1/4-1/2

0.5

SEEDING DATES33

3/1-4/30

XXX

XX

X

-

5/1-8/14

-- --

XX

X

_

X

8/15-11/15

BY10/15

-X

10/15X

11/01

-

37 Applicable on slopes of 3:1 or flatter.

38 Between fall and spring seeding dates, use mulch only if ground is frozen and reseed whenthawed.

39 May be used as a nurse crop for late fall/early winter permanent seedings, add 56 Ibs/ac to thepermanent seeding mixture.

40Mary land State Highway Administration Temporary Seed Mix.

41 May be used as a nurse crop for mid-summer permanent seedings. Add 2 Ibs/ac to permanentseed mix.

42 May be used as a nurse crop for mid-summer permanent seedings. Add 10 Ibs/ac to thepermanent seeding mix.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO- 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6, 1998

02936-8

fl D ^ I I O Q "7GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC, .

02936;. .:_.."• ... .: .=SEEDING

Table 02936-2 Permanent Seeding Requirements

MIX

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

SEED MIX '(USE CERTIFIED MATERIAL IF AVAILABLE)

TALL FESCUE.(75%); ' "CANADA BLUEGRASS (10%),KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS (1 0%),REDTOP(5%)

KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS (50%),CREEPING RED FESCUE OR A HARD FESCUE (40%),REDTOP (10%)

TALL FESCUE (85%),PERENNIAL RYEGRASS -(10%),KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS (5%)

RED FESCUE OK . . . . . . . . . .--CHEWINGS FESCUfe (80%) . ~PERENNIAL RYEGRASS " ——

TALL FESCUE (.85%) OR,PERENNIAL RYEGRASS (50%) ... . • . .PLUS CROWNVETCfi OR .FLATPEA- - - — -- — -

WEEPING LOVEGRASS (17%)SERECIA LESPEDE2A (83°)PERENIAL RYEGRASS (25%)OAT (50%) " ""DUTCH WHITE CLOVER (25%)

PLANTINGLBS/AC

150

150

125 .1510

606015

110202020

420102010

LBS/10DOSQFT

3.4

3.4

2.90.340.23

0.920.920.34

2.50.460.460.46

0.090.460.230.460.23

SITECONDITIONS

MOIST TODRY

MOIST TOMODERATELYDRYDRY TO. DRYMOIST TODRY

MOIST TODRY

MOIST TODRY

DRY TO VERYDRYMOISTTODRY

NOTESA

B

C

D

E

F

F'

NOTES: ..'. - , •.;;,.. -.;:;:;~"..,.;:,,.......•" .:;-;':".,.... .,...._.,_.=.,-+.- . :- ., , ,..--_A, USED ON SLOPED AREAS; ADD A LEGUME FOR SLOPES1 > THAN 3-? 'B. SHADETOLERANT ".-.:".;,~~;,.".;.„.__'„_ "\"_ _._.:.;,. "7" "-"." - "c. .POPULAR MIX - >Ror3ucis" E~RMAN ^ 'BLUEGRASS THICKENS

STAND, /:..__..,-,- . :.""." . :1_--v" ~ ." ". :~ ;. ."D. USED ON SHADY SLOPES, NOT ON POORLY-DRAINED CLAYs! ' "JE. USED ON LOW MAINTENANCE'STEEP SLOPES; USE TALL FESCUE IN DRAUGHTY CONDITIONSF, SUITABLE FOR SEEDING 3/15 THRdlJGH 5/15 AND 8/15 THROUGH 11/15.

::T: - - • . - - . . -REVISIONNO.01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND " . JANUARY 1'6, 1998

02936-9 . •

GERAGHTY(Ss"MiLLER,rNC. ', , " ' '

02936 - -' .SEEDING

Table 02936-2 - Permanent Seeding Requirements (Continued)

MIX

3

9

10

II

12

SEEDMLXCUSt CERTIFIED MA 1 HR1AL 13= AVAILABLE)

TALL FESCUE (83%)WEEPING LOVEGRASS (2%) PLUSSERECIA LESPEDEZA (15%)

\RFFD fANA&Y GRASS (7 %1 iRJSTC cew) PLUSBIRDSFOOT TREFOIL" (19%)

TALL FESCUE (36%)POA TPJVIALIS (7%)BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL )

TALL FESCUE (80%)HARD FESCUE (20%)

HARD FESCUE (100%)

PLANTINGLBS/AC

no320

403 .

1251010

12030

75

LBS/1000SQFT

2.5.07.46

.92

.07

2.9.23.23

3.4.69

1.7

SITECONDITIONS

DRY TO VERYDRY

WET TOMODERATELYDRY

WET TOMODERATELYDRY

WET TO DRY

MOIST TODRY

NOTESH

I

J

K

L

NOTES: . .- -H. WEEPING LOVEGRASS WAY BE SEEDED WITH TALL FESCUE IN MID SUMMERI, USED ON POORLY DRAINED SOILS; E.G., DITCHES OR WATERWAYSJ, USED IN AREAS OF MOIST SHADE. POA TPJVIALIS THRIVES IN WET SHADY AREAS.K. TALL FESCUE MAY BE SEEDED ALONE; THE HARD FESCUE PROVIDES BETTER SHADE

TOLERANCE AND PRODUCES A BETTER STAND.L, LOW FERTILITY GRASS; REQUIRES INFREQUENT MOWING, GOOD COMPANION FOR

W1LDFLOWERS. -

" LEGUMINOUS SEEDS SHALL BE INOCULATED OR TREATED WITH UNEXPIRJED APPROVED CULTUREFOR THE SPECIFIC LEGUME, IN THE PROPER PROPORTIONS, AS SPECIFIED ON THE PACKAGE LABEL.THE INOCULANT SHALL BE STORED AT ROOM 'TEMPERATURE, OUT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT ANDAWAY FROM HEATING UNITS. WHEN SEEDING DRY WITH MECHANICAL SEEDERS, THOROUGHLYMIX THE POWDER FORM OF THE INOCULANT WITH THE SEED BY WETTING THE SEED WITH ASMALL AMOUNT OF WATER AND THEN ADDING THE POWDER. THE INOCULATED SEED IS THENMDCED WITH OTHER SEEDS AND PLANTED WITHIN 48 HOURS. SEEDS INOCULATED WITH LIQUIDCITLTURES SHALL BE PLANTED WITHIN 24 HOURS. INOCULATED SEED NOT PLANTED WITHIN THESPECIFIED TIME WILL BE REINOCULATED. WHEN USING HYDRAULIC SEEDERS, USE 10 TIMES THEAMOUNT OF INOCULANT SPECIFIED FOR DRY SEEDING. INOCULATED SEED SHALL NOT BEEXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT OR LEFT IN A SLURRY FOR MORE THAN ONE HOUR, OTHERWISE RE- :INOCULATION WILL BE NECESSARY.

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL SITE : REVISION NO. 01CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . JANUARY 16, 1998

02936-10 .j\ p O j j O Q Q

GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC. ' O

02950. ... '.:" .TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER

PART 1 • GENERAL

1.01 WORK INCLUDED i

A. . The, work covered by this section consists of furnishing all equipment,tools, materials, and labor necessary for the planting of 'trees andunderstory on the landfill surface, and protecting existing trees duringconstruction activities.

1.02 RELATED WORK

A. Section 01300 Submittals

B. Section 02290 Erosion and Sediment Control

C- .-Section02936.. := .:;, Seeding _. ' " . " . *

1.03 'REFERENCES' " "-*"•-;'"- ~ ' •""'-"- ' . ;-:'"" ' :""

A. ' The following publications of the issues listed below form a part of thisspecification to the extent referenced. The publications are referenced inthe text by basic designation only.

1. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Federal Seed Act of 9August 1939 (53 Stat 1275),

1.04 SOILTEiST^~ "" ,,.-:-,--,.-., ....._,

A. The CONTRACTOR shall perform agricultural soil tests to determine soilamendment and fertilizer requirements. Soil tests shall be performed by arecognized commercial laboratory. Test reports; shall be submitted to theENGlNEEITor their representative in accordance with Part 1.05 of thisSection, -

1.05 SWMTrTALS " '"" " "'. "" •" •" " " " " " ^ /

A. . In accordance with Section 01300 - SUBMITTALS, the CONTRACTORshall submit the following items:; ;. .' . . " " " " " *

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . : . . . ' _ '. """..:..I/, REVISION NO. 00CECIL COtlOTYri ARlfLAl /.'Z-. ' - .- .. APRIL 6, 1998

02950-1/i P o i i Q n n

GERAGHTY^ MILLER.INC. « " J 1 I O U U

02950TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER. - - __.. .. .

i. Certificates of Compliance, Clearance or Reports:

a) Trees;fa) Soil Amendments;c) Fertilizer,d) Compost;e) Understory Seed; and,f) Agricultural Soil Test Report.

2. A planting schedule indicating the dates for each type of work. Uponacceptance by the ENGINEER, dates shall only be revised as accepted inwriting.

1 .06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Delivery:

1. During delivery, trees and seeding materials shall be protected fromany drying or contamination by detrimental material.

2. Trees and seeding materials shall be inspected upon arrival at thesite; unacceptable materials shall be immediately removed from thesite by the CONTRACTOR . :

3. Fertilizer and soil amendments shall be delivered to. the site in theoriginal, unopened containers bearing the manufacturer's guaranteedchemical analysis, name, trade name, trademark, and conformancewith State of Maryland and federal law.

4. Pesticides and herbicides shall be delivered to the site in the originalunopened containers. Containers without labels and USEPAregistration numbers and the manufacturer's registered uses, will berejected by the ENGINEER. .

B. Storage:

1. Trees, seeding materials, fertilizer, and soil amendments shall bestored in cool, dry locations away from contaminants.

2. Pesticides and herbicides shall not be stored separate from othermaterials and shall be handled and stored following manufacturer'sdirections.


02950-2a n o I 1 Q fl IH n 0 1 i 0 U tGERAGHTY & MTLLER,INC

02950'- """'' -—-;---TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND .COVER .

3. Materials shall be stored in areas designated or approved by theENGINEER.. . .' . " . '

PART 2-MATERIALS

2.01 MATERIALS - - - - - - - . .

A. Trees shall be true to .type and nomenclature and typical of their species orvariety. They shall be planted as whips (cuttings) able to develop a normalhabit of growth with well-developed branch systems. and vigorous rootsystems. They shall be sound, healthy and vigorous, free from defects,disfiguration, injury, disease of any kind, insect eggs, borers and anyinfestation. All whips shall be nursery grown. They shall be acclimated tothe conditions to those of the locality of this project for at least 1 year priorto planting. It will be the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to inspectthe whips before removal from the nursery where they have been grown to .make sure that they meet these requirements. All whips shall be fresh andno heeled in or cold storage whips will be accepted. Trees shall be deeprooting poplar type. They shall be hybrid poplars of the variety Deltoides x.Nigra. The candidate varieties shall be DN-21, DN-34, or OP-367 asdetermined.by the ENGINEER. . -

B. -Seed shall be of the latest season's crop and shall be delivered in originalsealed packages bearing the producer's guaranteed analysis for percentagesof mixtures, purity, germination, weed-seed, content, and inert material.Labels shall conform with USDA Federal Seed Act, Rules & Regulationsand applicable State of Maryland seed laws. . Wet moldy, or otherwisedamaged seed will be rejected. Hie seed shall be the following types,applied at the following rates: Oat Nurse (20 Ibs/acre), Perennial Rye (10Ibs/acre), and Dutch White Clover (10 Ibs/acre).

C. Soil shall be mixed with compost to provide nutrients and retain moisture.Soil amendments and fertilizer shall be added at the rates determined by theagricultural soil test . .

D. -Fertilizer shall be controlled-release, commercial grade, granular freeflowing, uniform .in composition, delivered in fully labeled sealedcontainers, and shall conform to1 applicable State of Maryland and federalregulations. Fertilizer shall bear.the manufacturer's guaranteed statement ofanalysis. .' "

WOODLAWN LANDFILL " - . " _ REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND' '— -"'-'"" " ~ . . . " APRIL6,1998

02950-3.... __ vflRSI 1302^ 1 V O L L E R , I N C . "~ ; "

02950TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER

E, Natural limestone shall contain not less than 85 percent of total carbonatesand ground to such fineness that not less than 98 percent passes a No. 20-mesh sieve and not less Than 50 percent passes a No. 100-mesh sieve.

F. Soil Conditions

The soil shall meet the following minimum conditions .for permanentunderstory vegetative establishment:

I. Soil pH shall be between 6.0 and 7.0.2. Soluble salts shall be less than 500 parts per million (ppm).3. The soil shall contain less than 40 percent clay, but sufficient fine-

grained material to maintain moisture.4. Soil shall contain 1.5 percent minimum organic matter by weight.5. Soil must contain sufficient pore space to, permit adequate root

penetration.6. If these conditions cannot be met by soils on site, adding topsoil,

compost or other soil amendments should be required after approvalby the ENGINEER. "' - . "

G. Mulch

1. Straw Mulch shall be unrotted stalks from oats, wheat or rye that arefree -from living vegetation, pathogenic viruses, fly larvae,insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, mold, or other objectionablematerial or poisonous chemicals that would inhibit plant growth.The straw mulch shall contain at least 50 percent by weight of thematerial to be ten (10) niches or longer. Straw shall be in an air-drycondition and suitable for placing with blower equipment.

2. Hydro-Mulch Overspray Tackifier shall be the same as, or equal to, arecycled slick paper (containing wood cellulose and kaolinite clay),shall not contain any growth or gennination-inhibiting factors, andshall be dyed an appropriate color to facilitate visual metering duringapplication. Slick paper composition on air-dry weight basis: 8percent moisture maximum, pH 4.5 - 6.5. When added to water, itshall form a homogenous slurry specifically for use in hydraulicmulching .equipment This material when sprayed on the strawmulch, becomes a tackifier/binder and provides a stable bed for seedgermination,

H. Water shall be of a quality suitable for irrigation and such that it willpromote germination of seeds and growth of plants.


02950 -- -.- *--— -a p o i i Q n Q

GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. .... ... ,_ . .

02950TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER .

L Chemical Treatment Material shall' be USEPA-registered and approvedherbicides and pesticides. These materials shall comply with all applicableState ofMaryland and Federal laws and regulations.

PART 3-EXECUTION

3.01 SOIL- ".".I" -•""—" =

A. The soil shall be placed in the locations and to the grades indicated on theDrawings. The thickness shall be 3 feet thick as indicated on the Drawings.

B. . Soil shall have all appropriate soil amendments and fertilizer.

C. "." "The soil shall be placed in two eight (8) inch lifts. Each lift shall have five(5) inches of compost ripped into it Ripping shall occur in the north-southand east-west direction. The soil, and compost shall be rototilled afterplacement. . - • - "

3.02 'SEEDING

A. Understory seeding shall be. performed when the final grading has beenaccomplished and prior to tree planting. Seeding shall be performed onlyfrom March 1 to November 15.

B. Tillage . " ' . " . ' " , -

1. The soil shall be tilled to a depth of at least 3 'inches by plowing,disking, harrowing, or rotottlTing. When drought, excessivemoisture, or other unsatisfactory conditions prevail, the Work shallbe stopped. The. soil surface shall be leveled to meet finish graderequirements before seeding. Seedbed preparation shall beperformed on the contour to reduce soil loss. Sloped areas greaterthan 3:1 shall be tracked with ridges running parallel to the slope.

D. - Application of Fertilizer and Lime

1. Fertilizer shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of 3 inchesduring seedbed preparation.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL" " :_.... - ,? .. REVISIONNO. 00CECIL COUNTY," MARYLAND - APRIL 6, 1998

02950-5 ••"•-- 'A D O {

MTLLER,rNC. H

02950 . .TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER

R Fertilizer and Lime Rate

!. Fertilizer and Lime shall be applied at the rate determined by theresults of-the CONTRACTOR'S Agricultural Soil Test Thefollowing rates are provided as a comparison to the Agricultural SoilTest results.

a. For permanent understory seeding, 10-20-20 fertilizer shallbe applied at a rate of 90 Ibs/ac N, 175 Ibs/ac P205, and 175Ibs/ac K20. The lime shall be applied at a rate of 2 tons peracre.

F. Prior to seeding, any previously prepared seedbed areas compacted ordamaged fay interim rains, traffic, or other cause, shall be reworked to restorethe ground condition previously specified. Seed shall be planted at the ratespecified herein.

G. Seed planting shall be accomplished by:

1. Broadcast Seeding

The CONTRACTOR shall broadcast seed by hand or with approvedgravity or cyclone types of spreading equipment. Broadcast seedingsshall be covered to an average depth of V* to /z-inch. Completedseeding shall be mixed into soil with a harrow or rake andcompacted with a cultipacker-type roller providing 60 to 90~poundsweight per linear foot of roller, or by equivalent approved handrolling or compacting methods. Broadcast seeding will not bepermitted when wind velocity is such as to prevent uniform seeddistribution.

2. Drill Seeding

The CONTRACTOR shall plant seed with a Brillon-type grass seeddrill equipped with seeding mechanisms, agitator, double diskfurrow openers and packer wheels. The seed drill shall plant, coverand compact the seedbed in the same operation. The distancebetween drill rows shall not be more than 3 to 4 inches apart withplanting depth of V4 to V2-inch. Drill seeding is recommended overbroadcast for large areas of seeding.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL . REVISION NOTOOCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6,1998

02950-6;

GERAGHTY & M3LLER,INC. A H J M J U D

02950 .;:-:""•.-- .TREES', PLANTS AND GROUND COVER

3. Hydroseeding

If hydroseeding is used and the seed and fertilizer is mixed, theyshall be mixed on site andTthe seeding shall be immediate andwithout interruption.

4. Mulching

The CONTRACTOR shall perform mulching on the same day asplanting seed.

a Applying Mulch

Straw mulch shall be spread uniformly in a continuousblanket of a uniform loose depth of 1 to 2 inches over meseeded areas, using a'rriinimurrrdf 2 tons per acre, or asdirected by the ENGINEER. -The' mulch shall be spread insuch manner as to prevent bunching.

b. . Securing Mulch

Immediately following (the same day) the spreading of themulch, the material shall be anchored securely to the soil byuse of the Hydro-Mulch Overspray Taddfier material. Thematerial shall i>e applied by a hydroseed blower, or asapproved by the ENGINEER. The material shall be appliedin a raining technique to prevent bunching and displacementof the straw mulch.

3.03 TREES

A. Tree (whip) planting shall be performed only from March. 1 to November 15and only after sufficient foliation of the plants has occurred to feed foragers.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall plant trees hi locations as indicated in thedrawings and as directed by the ENGINEER. The trees shall be planted at aminimum rate of 1,450 per acre. Cover "areas riot indicating trees shall beseeded and, as determined in the field, may also contain existing trees.Proposed locations of trees may be altered in the field by the ENGINEER ifconflict with existing tree locations. Plants shall be handled with care at alltimes to avoid damage to the roots and branches. Trees with broken leaderswill be rejected. Plants shall be protected from sun and wind; whips -shall bekept damp or wet. during the interim period from delivery to planting. When

WOODLAWN LANDFILL. "-..'.._...." _____/—_ REVISION NO.OOCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND -,- - APRIL 6, 1998

02950-7flR3l i 306

GERAGHTY # MILLERJNC. -

02950TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER

transporting plants to the site, provisions shall be made to protect thematerial from wind damage. Plants damaged by wind may be rejected bythe ENGINEER

C, Existing trees shall not be damaged in any way. No plant shall betransported to the planting area that is not thoroughly wet. Any plant mat, inthe opinion of the ENGINEER, is dry or in a wilted condition whendelivered to the planting area, or has been damaged, will not be accepted,and .shall be replaced by the CONTRACTOR at his expense.

D, Each plant shall be handled and packed in the approved manner for thatspecies or variety, and all necessary precautions shall be taken to insure thatthe plants will arrive at the site of the work in proper condition forsuccessful growth. Trucks used for transporting plants shall be equippedwith covers to protect plants from windburn,

E. Trees and shrubs shall be delivered after preparation for planting has beencompleted, and shall be promptly planted. If planting is delayed more than 6hours after delivery to the planting area, trees and shrubs shall be set inshade, protected form weather and mechanical damage, and roots shall bekept moist by covering with mulch, burlap, or other'acceptable means ofretaining moisture.

F, All plants shall comply with federal and State laws requiring inspection forplant diseases and infestations. Inspection certificates required by law shallaccompany each shipment of plants, and certificates shall be delivered to theENGINEER. -

G. Plants furnished by the CONTRACTOR shall be healthy, shapely, and well-rooted, and roots shall show no evidence of having been restricted ordeformed at any time. Plants shall be well-grown, free from insect pests anddisease, and shall be grown in nurseries which have been inspected by theState Department of Food and Agriculture and have complied with theregulations thereof.

H. The CONTRACTOR shall obtain clearance from the County AgriculturalCommissioner before planting plants delivered from outside the county inwhich they are to be planted. Evidence that such clearance has beenobtained shall be filed with the ENGINEER. ".

I. Condition of plants furnished by the CONTRACTOR in containers will bedetermined by examination of not less "than 2 plants nor more than 2 percentof the total number of plants of each species or variety, hi case the sample

WOODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6,1998 _

02950-8 R p o i | o n 7GERAGHTY S MRXER.INC, ° ' ' ° U ' O

02950: ; : ; ;::"TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER

plants inspected are found to be defective, the ENGINEER may reject theentire lot or lots of plants represented by the defective samples. Any plantsrendered unsuitable for planting because of this inspection will beconsidered as samples and will not be paid for.

'J. Whipsshall be set in the center of trenches, plumb and straight. Backfill soilshall be worked into the trench and water-settled to eliininate air pockets.Any wire or nylon twine tied or wrapped around the base of the plant shallbe removed.

K. -Trees"shall be planted at three (3) feet in-row spacing and ten (10) feetbetween row spacing. Trees shall be planted in rows along, contours toreduce erosion. Rows shall be measured and flagged to assure requiredspacing.' • ' / :""i ""' -"'" . •-—-

L. - " As planting is completed,, each tree and shrub shall be watered thoroughly tosettle the plants and eliminate air pockets. All plants shall be watered afterplanting regardless of soil moisture conditions. .

M. When all planting operations are complete, the CONTRACTOR shall notifythe ENGINEER and "request's, "final acceptance inspection." Uponcompletion of this -inspection,, and -correction of any discrepanciesdiscovered., the one year "correction period" shall commence.

3.04 PROTECTION AND CLEANUP

After seeding and mulching operations have been completed, barricades, fences, andapproved warning" sips "shall be erected by the CONTRACTOR as required to

. provide protection against traffic and trespass. Excess material from tree plantingand seeding operations, arid all debris, shall be cleaned, up and_disposed off-site byCONTRACTOKSress omerwise directed by the ENGINEER.

3.05 CORRECtlbNPERJOD

A. The CONTRACTOR is responsible for the establishment and maintenanceof the seeding and trees for a rninimum period of three years from the dateof final acceptance.

B. The CONTRACTOR .shall inspect new plant material at least every threemonths during the correction period and perform the following:

1. The CONTRACTOR shall'repair and reseed patches of dead.vegetation. :... __,. .. ._ ...._._.. = . _ - _ . - " . . '

WOODLAWN LANDFILL ' \ — '^\ " -----.--——^-- -- - v; _MVISION NO> 00CECIL COUT TYjMARYLA fD . - . . ----- APRIL6,1998

02950-9 A P O I i Q A Q. „- ....- ...-.—. ........ fiRo M 308GERAGHTY<SPMILLER?INC.

02950" , .TREES, PLANTS AND GROUND COVER

2. Eroded or damaged seeding shall be repaired and reseeded by theCONTRACTOR.

3. The CONTRACTOR shall replace any tree that dies or partially diesto the point mat the main leader has died back or there is 25 percentor more of the crown dead. Upon the approval of the ENGINEER,the replacement shall be planted at the start of the next planting anddigging season. . .

END OF SECTION

WOODLAWN LANDFILL _ REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6,1998

02950-10MILLERJNC. - A R 3 M 3 0 9

03300 :.: " •:.-"CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTIOiV

A. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish and place the cast-in-place concrete base at thespecified locations and in the manner indicated on the Drawings, or as directed bythe ENGINEER. - .;

B. -."-.: The cast-in-place concrete base shall be installed along the perimeter of thelandfill along the alignment indicated in Section 02831-CHAIN LINK FENCESAND GATES and on the Drawings.

1.02 REFERENCES " * "."" " " " "" " ""- •

A. ACI-301 ' Specifications of Structural. Concrete for Buildings.

B. ACI-211.1 . Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,Heavyweight, and Mass" Concrete.

C. ACI-318 Building Code Requirements of Reinforced Concrete,

D. - -ACI-MCP-1-74 Manual of Concrete Practice.

E. - ASTM C 31 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens'in the Field.

F:. ASTM C"33- . -",,-Concrete Aggregates. " ,." "" ,

G. ASTM C 39 , Test Method for Comprehensive Strength of CylindricalConcrete Specimens.

H. ASTM C 94" - V Ready-Mixed Concrete.

L ASTM C 136 - 'Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

J- ASTM C .143 "" "" '.' Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic CementConcrete.

wooDLAWN;LANDFiLL;- 7__.;:;, :'.; . ,;,,/;,:. -,. _; : REVISION NO'OQCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND ""7 - ', ' APRIL 6, 1998

'03300-1

GERAGHTY^ M3GLLER,rNC. S R 3 M 3 1 0

03300 .

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE " .

K. ASTM C150 Portland Cement

L, ASTM C 172 Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly-Mixed Concrete

M. ASTM C 173-78 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric Method.

N. ASTM C 227 Potential Alkali: Reactivity of Cement - AggregateCombinations.

O. ASTM C 309 - Liquid Membrane - Forming Compounds For CuringConcrete.

P. ASTM C 494 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. In accordance with Section 01300 - SUBMITTALS

B. The CONTRACTOR shall provide, two (2) weeks prior to delivery, a statementof the proportions proposed for the .concrete mixture formula. The statement shallinclude coarse and fine aggregate gradations, water/cement ratio and admixturesto be used by the CONTRACTOR for cast-in-place concrete. Materials and ratiosidentified in the submittal shall be the same in all respects to those of the cast-in-place concrete delivered to site. Work shall not commence until submittalacceptance is provided.

1,04 QUALITY CONTROL

A, CONTRACTOR shall perform the placement of concrete in accordance withSection 01400 - QUALITY CONTROL and ACI301.

B. CONTRACTOR shall obtain materials from the same source throughout theWork,

C, Any concrete found to be defective from any cause whatever, at any time beforethe final acceptance of the Work, shall be either repaired, or removed and replacedat the expense of the CONTRACTOR ' .

WOODLAWN LANDFILL • REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6, 1998

03300-2a p O I I I 1

GERAGHTY<S? MILLER,INC. ~ ~® . ' O

03300. .... . . ...

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 CONCRETE MATERIALS

A. --Cement: ASTM C 150 - Type I - All cement shall be dry, free from lumps,contain a maximum "15 percent amount of tricalcium alurninate, and its color shallb e a uniform bluish-gray. : ' . . ' . . _ " .

B. -Ready-Mix ConcreteT Type I General Purpose.

C. Fine Aggregates: ASTM C 33 - The fine aggregate shall be clean, siliceous sand,having not more than, three (3) percent by weight of foreign matter such as loam,clay, dirt, or other impurities and shall be free from injurious amounts of organic.impurities. . :-"~~ - - - - - • . . " . . , " - "

D. Coarse Aggregates: ASTM C-.3'3,-,The coarse .aggregate nominal maximum sizeshall not exceed one-fifth of the narrowest dimension between the sides of theforms: - "••---"-—--:—T--- -_ •- ^.----------------

E. Admixtures: Admixtures to the concrete may not be used unless otherwiseapproved by the ENGINEER. " ' "

F. Water: The water used in mixing concrete shall be .clean .and accurately measuredfor each batch. All .water for inixmgjind-cjjring purposes shall be provided by theCONTRACTOR as a nearby source is not available. Water contaminated withsewage of oil, or .water containing dirt, clay, filth or vegetable matter, or river orlake water, shall not be. used. . -

2.02 CONCRETE MIXTURE

A. Proportions: Concrete.shall be composed of a thorough mixture of cement andfine and coarse aggregates with mixing water.

B. Cement: Unless specifically'permitted by lie ENGINEER, the cement content ofthe concrete shall not be less than the following:

WOODLAWNCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND ' - . APRIL 6, 1998

033.00-3fi D Q | I O | O

GERAGHTY <S?MILLER,INC. ' J '

03300 . - - .....


Class A - 5 bags per cubic yard . .

The weight of a bag of Portland cement will be taken as ninety-four (94) pounds.

C. Aggregates: The relative volume of fine and coarse aggregates shall be subject toadjustments by the ENGINEER to obtain the concrete mix best suited to the useintended, but except as otherwise required, the fine aggregate shall constitute notless than thirty (30) percent nor more than fifty (50) percent of the total volume ofaggregates.

D. Water: The amount of water used in concrete, inclusive of free water contained inthe aggregates but exclusive of water absorbed by the aggregates, shall not exceednine (9) gallons per sack of cement for Class A concrete. So long as the water-cement ratio is kept below this maximum, the water content may be varied by theCONTRACTOR, to obtain desired consistencies and a measured "slump" not toexceed 4 inches for Class A concrete determined by the procedures of ASTM C143-Standard Test Method for Slump of Portland Cement Concrete,

E. Average minimum compressive* strengths of the Class A concrete shall be 3,000psi, 28 days after placement

2.03 FORMWORK

A, The forms for exposed surfaces shall be of metal or plywood, adequatelysupported, or shall be lined with plywood, masonite board of similar lining,and/or with metal. The design of the forms shall be satisfactory to theENGINEER, but need not be submitted for approval unless specifically requested.

B. Twisted wire ties will not be permitted: Concrete blocks or other approved meansmust be used to maintain proper distance between steel and forms.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL " REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6, 1998

03300-4

GERAGHTY # MELLER,INC. A R 3 I I 3 1 3

03300


PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 PREPARATION

A. Concrete shall either be batched and .mixed on-site or shall be furnished from aready-mixed concrete plant. Ready-mix concrete shall be batched, mixed, andtransported in accordance with ASTM. C94, except as otherwise specified.Approved batch tickets shall be furnished for each load of ready-mix concrete.

B. All forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and wetted just before placing the concrete,and if necessary to secure a smboth surface, they shall be coated with an approvednonstaining substance. Suitable .moldings or bevel strips shall be placed in theforms to prevent inside or outside sharp edges as directed by the ENGINEER, Nosharp edges will be permitted in the finished Work.

C. , .The CONTRACTOR shall verify anchors, reinforcement, and other items to becast into concrete are accurately placed, held securely, and will not cause hardshipin placing concrete.."."."""" ------- _ ----- . ,

3.02

A. The CONTRACTOR/shall notiry the ENGINEER or OWNER a minimum of 24hours prior to commencement of formwork construction and concrete placementoperations. - - •:....._—-.-. ..--. - --' ' -• --

B. - --Delivery; Weigh-tickets shall be prepared for each truck showing the normalbatch size; the actual weights of cement, aggregate, and water; and the tune ofloading at the plant. . *

1 . A blank shall also be provided on the weigh ticket for the time of arrival atthe site, to be filled in and initialed by the CONTRACTOR'SSuperintendent or Foreman.

2. A copy of the weigh-ticket shall be delivered to the ENGINEER orOWNER, for each batch of concrete delivered to the site.

WOODLAWN LANDFILL V _ - ~ -....- - ---"-". , .. REVISION NO. 00CECIL COUNTY7MARYLAND . " . . . . . . - - APRIL 6, 1998

03300-5 •

GERAGHTY <Sr MILLER,INC. . "fl R 3 I t 3 I U

03300 .

CAST-IN-PLACE"CONCRETE

C. Rejection of Concrete: Ready-mixed concrete (central-mixed and transit-mixed)will be rejected if there is evidence of any of the following:

1. Improper proportions of ingredients, inclusive of water;

2. Initial set;

3. More than forty-five (45) minutes transpires after batching or mixingbefore concrete is placed; ——

4. Mixers or trucks are overloaded; and/or

5, Successive batches are not uniform.

D, All costs associated with the rejection of any ready-mixed concrete will beentirely at the CONTRACTOR'S expense.

E. Except as provided herein, water shall not be added to the concrete mixtures at thesite unless approved by the ENGINEER for each instance. ^

F, The CONTRACTOR shall ensure reinforcement, inserts, embedded parts, andformed joints are not disturbed during concrete placement.

G. In no case shall the concrete have a free fall sufficient to cause segregation of theaggregate. In general, the limit of free fall shall be six (6) feet.

H. The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the curbing is continuous along the perimeterof the asphaltic pavement. To enable stormwater run-off to the flumes, the curbingshall be tapered to allow discharge, but continuous in the areas.where the flumes arelocated. The placed concrete shall conform to the Drawings and these Specifications,or as determined by the ENGINEER. The placement of the concrete shall becontinuous and at a uniform rate without unscheduled stops except for equipmentfailure or other emergencies.

L Concrete shall be placed between either stationary or slip forms.

1. Concrete shall be deposited as close as possible to its final position.


03300-6 ~: ;:" : : v

GERAGHTY (STMTLLER.INC. . ., - O

03300 . . . .


2. The placement of the concrete shall be continuous and at a uniform ratewithout unscheduled stops except for equipment failure or other emergencies.

3. Concrete shall be spread immediately after placement. Workmen with foreignmaterial on their footwear or construction equipment that might depositforeign shall not be permitted to walk or to operate in the concrete duringplacement and finishing operations.

J. Spreading shall be by hand method. , .

1. Hand spreading shall be done with shovels; rakes shall not be used.

2. Where concrete is delivered to the form in truck mixers, suitable chuteswill be used, provided windrows cover essentially the entire area withinthe form. *

. 3. In no case is'the dumping of concrete at one.location and the running intoplace with vibration permitted.

4. The spreading of concrete shall be performed at such elevations, slightlyabove grades, that when properly consolidated, the surface will be at theelevation indicated.

K. Concrete placement shall be discontinued when the air temperature reaches 40degrees F and is. falling.

1. Placement may begin when the air temperature reaches 35 degrees F and isrising. " .._ ._.__..._.._. . _ " . . _ . . - - - - - ... ..

2. The underlying material shall be1 prepared and protected so .that it isentirely free of frost when the concrete is deposited.

3. Covering and other means shall be provided for maintaining the concreteat a temperature of at least 50 degrees F for not less than 72 hours afterplacing, and _at a temperature above freezing for the remainder of thecuring period. . . ". .......

L. During periods of hot weather when the maximum daily air temperature is likelyto exceed 85 degrees F, the following precautions shall be taken.

WOODLAWN LAKDFILL " .Tr """""Ivr.. "":.": .. REVISION NO. 00CECILCO.UNTY;MARYLAND ' ' " - "" " APRIL6J99S

03300-7 . . . . . : ' " • ' . .

a p Q j | O { C, GERAGHTY <SfMILLER,INC. = M H O t l O t O £*,

03300


1. The forms and the underlying material shall be sprinkled with waterimmediately before placing the concrete.

2, Concrete shall be placed at the coolest temperature practicable, and in nocase shall the temperature of the concrete when placed exceed 90 degreesF. Aggregates and mixing water shall be cooled as necessary. Concreteshall be placed continuously and rapidly.

3. The finished surfaces of the newly-placed concrete shall be kept damp byapplying a waterfbg or mist with approved spraying equipment until thepavement is covered by the curing medium.

M. Concrete shall be protected against loss of moisture and rapid temperaturechanges for at least 7 days from the beginning of the curing operation.

1. Unhardened concrete shall be protected from rain and flowing water,

2, All equipment needed for adequate curing and protection of the concreteshall be on hand and ready for use before actual concrete placementbegins.

Protection shall be provided as necessary to prevent cracking of thepavement due to temperature changes during the curing period.

4. If any selected method of curing do.es not afford the proper curing andprotection against concrete cracking, the damaged pavement shall beremoved and replaced, and another method of curing shall be employed asdirected.

N. A uniform coating of white-pigmented membrane-curing compound, which meetsASTM C 309 - Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds For Curing Concrete,shall be applied to the entire exposed surface of the concrete as soon afterfinishing as the free water has disappeared from the finished surface.

1. Formed surfaces shall be coated immediately after the forms are removedand in no case longer than 1 hour after the removal of forms.

2, Concrete shall not be allowed to dry before the application of themembrane. If any drying has occurred, the surface of the concrete shall be


03300-8a p o i i o j "7

GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC, ft H 0 I ! 0 i / _

05300" •:""• ."""""CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

moistened with a.fine spray of water, and the curing compound applied assoon as the free water disappears.

3. , • Spray equipment shall be maintained in first-class mechanical condition.

4. The curing compound shall be applied with an overlapping coverage thatwill give a two-coat application at a coverage of not more .than 400 squarefeet per gallon for each coat. The second coat shall be applied in adirection approximately at right angles to the direction of the first coat.

5. _ The curing compound shall form a uniform, continuous, cohesive film thatwill not check, crack, or peel and that will be free from pinholes and otherdiscontinuities. . " -"/"""" . • "

6.. . . If pinholes, abrasions, or other discontinuities exist, an additional coatshall be applied to the affected areas within 30 minutes.-

7. Concrete surfaces "that are subjected to heavy rainfall within 3 hours afterthe curing compound has been applied shall be resprayed by the methodand at the coverage specified above,.

8. -Areas where the curing compound is damaged by subsequent constructionoperations within the curing period shall be resprayed.

9. Concrete surfaces to which membrane-curing compounds have beenapplied shall be adequately protected during the entire curing period frompedestrian and vehicular traffic, except as required for joint-sawingoperations and surface tests, and from any Other possible damage to thecontinuity of the membrane.

3.03. /'FINISHING

A. ; Forms shall not be struck or removed until authorized by the ENGINEER orCLIENT. In general, forms shall not be removed until the concrete has attainedsufficient strength to assure structural stability under all dead and constructionloads, and until removal can be accomplished without marring concrete surfaces.

--.^- ;_ . . . - . . , . ..REVISIONNO, ooCECIL CO'UNTY, MARYLAND APRIL 6, 1998

03300-9 ' " . ; ' .an o i i n i r\R J I I 3 I 8

-GERAGHTY& MILLER.INC.

03300 ""7 .

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE ....

B. Rigid forms shall remain in place at least 12 hours after the concrete has beenplaced, and cured, or otherwise approved by the ENGINEER. When conditionsare such that the early-strength gain of the concrete is delayed, the forms shall beleft in place for a longer period as directed by the ENGINEER or CLIENT.Forms shall be removed without injuring the concrete. Bars or heavy tools shallnot be used against the concrete in removing the forms. Any concrete founddefective after form removal shall be promptly and satisfactorily repaired.

C, All form ties shall be carefully snapped back, to a depth of at least one and one-half (1-1/2) inches below the concrete surface. The tie holes shall be patched withthe driest 1:2 cement-sand mortar that can be made to stay in place.

D. Unless otherwise directed, all edges and corners which will be exposed in thefinished Work shall be beveled or rounded by the use of appropriate forms, forminserts, or edging tools and care shall be taken to prevent chipping or cracking offinished edges.

3.04 PROTECTION

A. Immediately after placement, CONTRACTOR shall protect concrete frompremature drying, excessively hot or cold temperatures, and mechanical injury.

B, CONTRACTOR shall maintain concrete with minimal moisture loss at relativelyconstant temperature for period necessary for hydration of cement and hardeningof concrete.

END OF SECTION

WGODLAWN LANDFILL REVISION NO COCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND . APRIL 6, 1998

03300-10g p o I j Q I Q

GERAGHTY tf MILLER,INC. ', , --

APPENDIX F

O&M PLAN - FML BARRIER

H p o i i o o nGEKAGHTYtf MtLLER,INC. ' . •

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLANLANDFILL COVER SYSTEMSINGLE BARRIER COVER

WOODLAWN LANDFILL SITECECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND

April 6,1998 =";

Prepared for

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.50 Century Boulevard

Nashville, Tennessee 37214-89"00'

Prepared by

ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller3000 Cabot Boulevard West, Suite 3004

Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047(215)752-6840

and

1131 Benfield Boulevard, Suite AMiUersville, Maryland 21108

(410)987-0032

f l R 3 l 1 3 2 1GERAGHTY & MELLER,INC.

Revision No. 00April 6, 1998

CONTENTS

1.0 mTROOTCTION..... ..................... ...,....._

2.0 PEMON3SIEL;.

2.1 UALiFiCAnoNs,....;..;..

3.0 O&M SECURITY .™...,............_......;._:...;..................;..,.................,........... 3-1

4.0 GROUND WATER, SURFACE-WATER AND SEDIMENT MONITORING .'SYSTEMS ,........™»vV.,...«_

5.0 GENERAL ~$5 W8ffTES'&$CE ACTIVITIES ;Z.1CL.....1,..............................5-1

5.1 -INSFECTIONS ... . ^5.1.1 Final Cover System.!.!........™..... ...„„„._„._...«.„...,.;..„.,..-....„.....,..„.........„„..... 5-25. 1.2 , .Drainage System. ...................„.„..„....„.„...„.......".„."„. ...................................... 5-25.1.3. Vegetation............,.....,.,,...........^5.1.4 Groundwater Monitoring System ................... „,...... ......,........... .................... 5-35.1.5 FinalGrading ....'...... .^ 5-3 .5. L6:.Gas Venting and Perimeter Monitoring System .........:.,J.,,.,_........,T.... ....... ..,„„......... 5-45.1.7 site sec:;;:r.!..;^

5.2 REPAIRS"AND MAJ TE ANC:! 5-5.5.2.1 Repair of Setflement Depressions . .....,.,........,..»,„...,;„....,. ......... ...................... ...5-6-5.2.2 Repair of Synthetic Membrane ............w.™.-..,..m....«...,....................................5-65.2.3 Repair of Erosion Control Structures. ........ ,...v,.............r.. ............................... 5-75.2.4 Groundwater Momtoring Well I aintenance. and.Replacement ........„...'....„...,... 5-75.2.5 Repaif of CksVente"!.r»l.l\ .v »v..5.2.6 Vegetation Repair and Maintenance................,........,..™....,...........................!..... 5-8

6.0: D&M PERIOD SITE

7.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN........„;.„.„.„„...„.„..„..............„........„.„„......„„„ 7-1

7.1 G£NERA£:~.. .....:...,.^

7.2 EMERGENCY

R p O [ I O O OGERAGHTY^ MILLER,INC. O

Revision No. 00April 6,1998

CONTENTS (continued)

73 IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSEPLAN™....,...,,__..........................................................................................7-2

7.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES.....«««...._.............™«w.._...«..7-2

7.5 POST-INCIDENT ACTIONS ........................................,...............,..™...™™,......» 7-3

7.6 AMENDMENTS TO THE PLAN...............,..,.....,..,....™™™__,........,..__»....-J-3*

8.0 O&M COST ESTIMATE,...,...,.......................................,,...,..^ 8-1

TABLES

8-1 Operation and Maintenance Costs for Composite Cover System " . ~~

A R 3 I 1323GERAGHTY & MILLER.INC.


1-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Plan has been prepared as an appendix to the

Final Design Report in accordance with the Unilateral Administrative Order (the Order) issuedby the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) on November 24, 1994, effective

December 27, 1994, and the record of Decision (ROD) signed September 28, 1993 (USEPA

1993), for'the Remedial Design (RD) of the Woodlawn Landfill Site (Site) in Cecil County,

Maryland. The Administrative Order issued by the USEPA requires Cecil County and

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. to perform Remedial Design/Remedial Action (RD/RA) activities atthe Site for the following activities: installation of a cover system, construction of a durable

_... . . . . - . , . . , , . . _....- -/ .. .surface cover over the cover system, and monitoring of the groundwater, surface water, and

sediment The RD activities are~~further outlined in the USEPA-approved Remedial DesignWork" Plan (RD WorlcPlan), dated August 31, 1995, which provides a.description and scheduleof design-related activities. - . - .........

. The objectives of this O&M Plan are as follows:

• Provide a plan for the inspection, maintenance and monitoring of the

implementation of the remedy at the Site throughout the maintenance period.

• Establish the baseline for the USEPA to verify that adequate and appropriate

activities are being performed. . - .. . . - - -

Maintenance of the Site will be performed for a period of not less than 30 years after the date of

completing the Remedial Action (RA) activities unless otherwise approved by the USEPA.

O&M activities will consist of the monitoring and maintenance of erosion and sediment

control; groundwater, surface-water'"and sediment monitoring; final cover system; and site

security measures. Site inspections and continuation of the various monitoring programs will

be performed throughout the O&M period, providing the basis for determining the termination

AR3M32UGERAGHTY & MTLLER.INC. - "-


1-2

of monitoring activities in accordance with provisions of the Administrative Order and the

regulations of the State of Maryland

A R 3 I 1 3 2 5GERAGHTY & MJLLER,TNC, O


2-1

2.0 PERSONNEL

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. . will maintain a qualified and adequate staff to

administer activities during the O&M period. This staff will be responsible for site

inspections and monitoring, implementation of any maintenance or remedial measures

warranted and indicated by the inspections and monitoring, and regulatory reporting asspecified in this O&M plan. The following individual- is currently designated to be

contacted regarding maintenance" arid monitoring activities:

Name: - Mr. Timothy BentProject Coordinator

Address: Bridgestone/Firestone. Inc.50 Century Boulevard ------P.O. Box 1408900Nashville, Tennessee 37214-8900

Telephone: (615)872-1426 •

Upon conclusion of the O&M period, the Project Coordinator will so notify the USEPA

by written certification to request that maintenance and monitoring activities beterminated. - .._.-—..-..- ----- -------- • • •• •-

2.1 QUALIFICATIONS

Bridgestone/Firestone,.:Inc. will assure mat the personnel responsible for the

inspection, monitoring, ancf maintenance programs, either internally or through contract

agreements,.are qualified to perform these functions throughout the O&M period as follows:

flR3!!326GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC. --.-.- •


2-2

Inspection - Routine site inspections will be performed by a qualified inspector

who possesses knowledge of the systems to be inspected, and experience in

performing similar duties.

Monitoring - The monitoring program will be used as a basis for evaluating the

groundwater surface-water, and sediment conditions throughout the O&M period.Techniques for sample collection, preservation and shipment, analysis and chain-

of-custody control are outlined in the Field Sampling and Analysis Plan. All

monitoring and collection of samples will be performed by a qualified individual

having knowledge of the proper techniques required to sample the various

systems, and experienced in performing similar duties.

- Personnel who possess the skills required for O&M period

maintenance in accordance with Maryland regulations will be employed in both

supervisory and performance roles. All activities will be conducted under the

direction of, and provided and accepted by, the responsible Bridgestone/Firestone,

Inc. Project Coordinator identified in Section 2.0 of this O&M Plan.

A R 3 I I 3 2 7GERAGHTY & MILLER.INC. .


3-1

3.0 O&M SECURITY

The Site will be enclosed by a chain-link fence during the RA and O&M periods.

Access will only be permitted to those performing inspection, monitoring and maintenance

activities, appropriate" regulatory agency personnel, property owners, and

Bridgestone/Eirestone. Inc. representatives. The location of the O&M Plan, the contact

individual, and a telephone number will be posted at the entrance of the Site for the duration

of maintenance activities. If any changes in land use are implemented during the 30-year

operations and maintenance period, the O&M Plan will be revised, as necessary, to address

any necessary modifications to on-going O&M activities, arid to ensure protection of the

underlying cover;; system.. Institutional controls and deed restrictions will help ensure

protection of the underlying cover system, Contact individual and telephone numbers willroutinely be updated to provide continuous site security information.

- f lR3l 1328GERAGHTY^ MILLER,iNC. -

Revision No, 00April 6, 1998

4-1

4.0 GROUNDWATER, SURFACE-WATER AND SEDIMENT MONITORINGSYSTEMS

A description of the groundwater, surface-water and sediment monitoring network is

provided in the RD Report This description will be amended, as necessary, throughout the

duration of the O&M period to respond to changes indicated by the resulting data and

regulatory requirements. Amendments may include modifications to existing systems'that

affect implementation of the approved O&M Plan.

A R 3 I 1329GERAGHTY # MILLER.INC. " O


• • 5-1

5.0 GENERAL SITE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES

5.t INSPECTIONS

To ensure the integrity of the remedial measures implemented and the continued properfunctioning ofthe monitoring systems, regularly scheduled site inspections will be performed

by a qualified inspector. Inspections will be conducted annually; however, during the first three

years of the maintenance period, additional inspections of the cover system will be conducted

following major storm events. In addition, the general condition of the site will be observed

during .the surface-water and sediment monitoring activities.

Inspection observations "will be recorded in a log book, with copies of all logs kept on

file for the entire O&M period, for review upon request by the regulatory agencies: The

inspector will also complete the Monitoring and Maintenance Site Visit Check List (see

Appendix D of the Intermediate Design Report) during each site visit. Included with the

inspection logs will be a summary and schedule for any activities necessary to maintain' compliance with the directives for maintenance in the O&M Plan.

The following sections provide a summary of activities to be performed during the site

inspections ofthe remedial components. "" •"•• •

A R 3 I I 3 3 0GERAGHTY # MILLERJNC.


5-2

5.1.1 Final Cover System

Inspection of the final cover system will include, but not be limited to visual

observations of the covered areas to determine the occurrence of any of the following

conditions:

• Settlement monitoring.• Cracks or surface wear.

• Surface desiccation.• Erosion at the perimeters, or along slopes.

* Formation of potholes.

» Breakage of end sections.

* Vegetative stress on the slopes. - • . _ . _ .

» Animal, rodent, or insect infestation.

Settlement monitoring plates shall be installed on a frequency of one per acre to monitor cap

settlement.

5.1-2 Drainage System

Inspection of the drainage system will include, but will not be limited to, visual

observations to determine the occurrence of any ofthe following conditions:

» Erosion.

• Excessive accumulation of silt.

• Settlement or subsidence.

» Inadequate vegetation.

• Presence of ponded water. .. -

SR3M33GERAGHTY & MILLERTINC. .


5-3

• Clogging'of drainage channels and erpsion control structures.•N

5.1.3 Vegetation _ ..._._.,....._.........„ ..._____..., ....

Inspection ofthe vegetation for the areas disturbed during construction and the slopes of

the final cover will include, but will not be limited to, visual observations to determine theoccurrence of any ofthe following conditions:

• Areas of poor vegetative coverage. "''..''

• Indications of animal, rodent, or insect disturbance.

* Defined areas of dead or stressed vegetation.

• Growth of seedTEgs of trees or shrubs. _• Growth of other undesirable plants. - .

5.1.4 Groundwater Monitoring System _ „

Inspection of fee groundwater monitoring system will include, but not be limited to thefollowing conditions: --': "-.;>; •'-'-.';--:- : -•---—•-—_-. ;.:.:.-;-":: :~ ...

• Monitoring well identification. '

• Locks on monitoring well casings.« Well subsidence. - . . . . . .

• Cracked well casing. . ' " .

• Blockages in the casing. ••;—•-•

• Construction material corrosion and deterioration.

5.1.5 Final Grading . T ; ", ^ "- "":"",."':"...

Inspection ofthe final grade will include, but not be limited to the following conditions:

A R 3 I 1332GERAGHTY &


5-4

• Presence of erosionai features, such as siltation.

• Surface-water ponding.• Differential settlement.

• Obstruction of access roads and access pathways.

• Integrity of permanent benchmark monuments.• Erosion of berms and swales.

If surficial settling is observed during the inspections ofthe final grade, the area of settlement

will be surveyed to quantify* the degree and extent of settlement.. The potential elongation ofthe

geosynthen'c materials La the cover system due to the settlement will be .calculated and.

compared to the results ofthe testing performed on the materials during installation (ASTM D-638), If the elongation caused by the settlement is greater than the acceptable limit determined

from the test results, the geosynthetic materials will be exposed and inspected. This procedure

will also be used if settlement is determined to have occurred from periodic visual observations.

5.1.6 Gas Venting and Perimeter Monitoring System

Inspection of the gas venting system will include, but will not be limited to, the

following conditions:

* Cracks or surface wear to PE Pipe.

• Inadequate amounts of aggregate around base of vent.

* Presence of any physical deterioration ofthe outlets.

• Evidence of any plugging ofthe pipes.

Sampling, monitoring, and analysis of the gas venting system will be performed inaccordance with the Field Sampling and Analysis Plan (see Appendix H).

SR3! 1333GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC.

Revision No. 0.0April 6, 1998

5-5

5.1.7 Site Security " ~ " "..'

Inspection of the site security features will include, but will not be limited to, the

following conditions: ,_ . . - . ' . . . . - ' . .i • '

• Locks - . . . _ . . . . _ . . . . . ... - . ..-.

- -- Functioning properly.

- Presence or absence.

- Corrosion. _- Damage. ~ ..V. - j .. .~ : .-..-:.-:„. _:..;;.i". ".; ..

- Presence.

- Quality of lettering (readability).

• Fencing

- Corrosion.

- Damage. • _ ... ___...

5.2 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE -._....._. ... l _:_.._. - .

Based upon the outcome ofthe visual observations, the inspection logs will recommend,

as needed, the repair and maintenance of security control devices, stressed vegetation, erosion

or desiccation of the final cover system, surficial settlement, erosion control structures, and

maintenance and/or replacement of groundwater monitoring wells. If a problem is identified

during the course ofthe site inspections, the situation will be .evaluated and necessary responses

will be initiated in an appropriate time frame. The method and results of the responses will be

recorded in the inspection logs. The following sections, describe the preventative and corrective

maintenance needs for the various components ofthe Site remedy.

A R 3 I l'33l*GERAGHTY<S? MILLER,INC. _ ".:. .


5-6

5.2.1 Repair of Settlement Depressions

Settlement depressions in the cover system will be repaired promptly when identified.

Depression on the side slopes will be evaluated to determine whether settlement is detrimentalto the functioning of the cover system. If positive drainage above the geomembrane is

maintained on the side slope, the settlement area will be monitored and repairs will be

performed as warranted to maintain positive drainage. Repairs will include regrading, theaddition of §11 material, and repaving or revegetation as necessary to prevent the ponding of

surface water. Depressions will be backfilled to the approved final elevation with on-site soil

511 material and reseeded where appropriate. Removal and repair of the cover system will

occur should other methods (i.e., filling, regrading) not provide positive .drainage in the

geocomposite system. In this case, the area surrounding the liner will be excavated, the liner

cut and laid back, and the foundation layer fill and recompacted in accordance with the

Technical Specificauony"and CQA Plan. Then the liner will be repaired, the cover system

reinstalled, and the disturbed area revegetated. Subsequent inspections will specifically address

repaired areas to assure that the problems have been corrected.

5.2.2 Repair of Synthetic Membrane

The final cover system was designed for protection of the compacted subbase. The 1-

foot thickness of the drainage layer mitigates the potential for damage to the synthetic

membrane. Additionally, the 40-mil thick low density polyethylene (LLDPE).is typically

capable of elongating 17 percent before reaching its yield point and greater than 1000% at its

break point. However, if, during inspections or maintenance activities, damage to themembrane is observed, the damaged area will be uncovered and a synthetic membrane patch

will be welded over the damaged area using extrusion procedures, similar to those utilized

during initial construction.

A R 3 I I 3 3 5GERAGHTY # MK.LERJNC. " "——" "


5-7

5.2.3 Repair of Erosion Control Structures ., ...,.-.

Breaches, excess erosion, and obstructions in the erosion control and final coverdrainage system will be addressed promptly when identified. Repairs may include ~ the

following: . . .... .

• Removal of excess silt or other obstructions to flow.

• Addition of fill material to restore eroded areas.

• Revegetation as necessary. " . . . • •... .

• , Placement of additional riprap or other erosion resistant materials.

5.2.4 Groundwater Monitoring Well Maintenance and Replacement

When the integrity of a groundwater monitoring well is suspect because of well

subsidence, tracked well casing, or other degradation; the well will be repaired or replaced-

The installation of a new groundwater mo.nitoring well will follow the procedures specified by

the current local and state requirements. The well being replaced will be abandoned in

. accordance with the State of Maryland requirements. A completed copy ofthe sample/core log

and well construction logs will be provided to the regulatory agencies.

5.2.5 Repair of Gas Vents ,-1.." . .."..:„. t:","... - .

Deteriorated or damaged gas vents will be repaired when identified. Repairs will

include addition of aggregate gravel at'the.base of the.gas vent, replacing any cracked or

damaged piping material and replacing rotary ventilators as necessary to prevent any further

damage to the vent. Subsequent inspections will specifically address, repaired items to assure

that the problems have been corrected.

f l R 3 1 1336GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC


5-8

5.2.6 Vegetation Repair and Maintenance

*The seed mixture utilized during the RA exhibits low maintenance characteristics.

However, mowing may periodically be necessary to assure the continuous operation of

drainage system components, and to gain access to the monitoring wells; requirements andprecautions for this maintenance are outlined below. The grass cover will extend over areaswhich were disturbed by construction. Grass cover height will generally be maintained

between 12 and 24 inches; grass mowing may begin in late March or early April, after thelast frost, and continue through the summer until after the first frost.

Obstacles at the site which must be avoided or extreme caution exercised during

mowing operations, include the following:

• Groundwater monitoring wells located throughout the site; and,

• Steep slopes located along the western perimeter ofthe cover system.

Mowing equipment will be employed in areas of especially dense growth or steep slopes,

hand operated equipment that can more easily cut the dense growth and are not subject to

turn-over will be employed as well.

Routine inspection ofthe areas surrounding the cover system will provide indications

of grass growth, thickness and overall health. In areas of limited growth, the topsoil will be

analyzed and measured for nutrient value, acidity, and depth. Erosion mat and fertilizers willbe used in accordance with the requirements ofthe specifications. Isolated reseeding may be

necessary during the first 2 to 3 years of growth to assure that the long-term grass cover is

adequately established. If subsequent problems persist with the, maintenance of the grass

cover, the local United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service(SCS) personnel will be consulted.

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6.0 O&M PERIOD SITE USE

During the active O&M period, no land uses other than maintenance ofthe landfill areanticipated at the Site, other than operations of the waste transfer station. Any anticipatedfuture active land uses will be submitted to Cecil County and the USEPA as they arecontemplated. -

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7.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

7.1 GENERAL

This Emergency Response Plan applies to the entire Site and serves to miniinize theeffects of an emergency or stress situation that could result in me uncontrolled discharge of

constituents into the environment or pose a hazard to human health or the natural environmentThe Emergency Response Plan requires, in the event of a fire, explosion, surface-water

discharge, or the release of constituents to the atmosphere, that specific emergency responses

outlined in the plan will be undertaken. The responsibility for implementation of the plan lies

with an emergency coordinator designated by Bridgestone/Firestone.

7,2 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR

The individual responsible for O&M activities at the site will serve as the emergency

coordinator and has the authority to designate an acting emergency coordinator to serve in

his/her absence. The individual listed below will be contacted in an emergency situation.

Name: Mr. Timothy BentProject Coordinator

Address: Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.50 Century BoulevardP.O. Box 1408900Nashville, Tennessee 3 7214-8900 . . . " -

Telephone: (615) 872-1426

The emergency coordinator will be authorized to expend, using emergency procurementprocedures, the resources necessary to prevent or mitigate fires, spills, explosions, surface-water

discharge, releases to the atmosphere, or other incidents or conditions that may threaten life,property, or the environment.

flR3M339GERAGHTY & MILLERJNC.


7-2

13 IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSEPLAN . . . . . . :..........., .V__. ._. . V

The decision to implement the Emergency Response Plan depends on whether or not

the impending or actual incident imminentiy threatens human health or the natural environment.

The purpose of this section is to identity the potential hazards and provide guidance to the

emergency coordinator in making this decision by providing decision-making criteria. The

Emergency Response Plan could be implemented in the following situations:.

• Fire could potentially damage the integrity ofthe cap system

- Fires spread and could possibly ignite materials at other locations on-site.

- • Fire could spread to off-site areas.. ""'"' "'"'"?"

7.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES

Whenever there is an imminent or actual emergency situation, the emergencycoordinator or designee "will respond immediately. The priority "of response activities is asfollows: .:._.-• •-..--_ .-r -; - \- — ^ .—- —--- = ^ ::_T - ~~ --:.:__-.-.- "r . .

»

1. . Assess potential hazards to human health or the natural environment.

2, Identify any substances released by the event.

3. Notify the applicable state and local agencies, if.required, and designated

response organizations with.response roles, if their assistance is required.

4. Notify the local fire department in case of"fire. .

5. = Arrange for proper storage of any recovered 'contaminated materials. . ,

6. Submit "after-incident" reports, as required.. - " " ~

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Whenever there is an emergency, the emergency coordinator will identify, to the extentpracticable, the character, source, amount, and extent of any released materials.- This will beaccomplished by visual observation of the material and the location of its release, or, if

necessary, by chemical analysis. Concurrently, the emergency coordinator will assess possiblehazards to human health or the natural environment that may result.

If the emergency coordinator determines mat the facility has had a release that could

threaten the public in the short-term, the Cecil County Police Department and local emergencymanagement personnel, Maryland Department of Environment (MDE), USEPA, and/or otherappropriate authorities will be notified. The emergency coordinator will be available to assist

officials in determining an appropriate course of action. During an emergency, the emergency

coordinator will take all reasonable measures necessary to ensure that releases do not occur..

7.5 POST-INCIDENT ACTIONS

Immediately after an emergency, the emergency coordinator will provide for the

treatment, storage, or disposal of all recovered contaminated materials, including contaminated

soil or surface water, or any other material that results. The emergency coordinator will ensurethat all appropriate regulatory and emergency response agencies are notified as.necessary. The

emergency coordinator will inspect the site for any damage that may have been caused to any

components of the cover or monitoring systems, and conduct any necessary repairs or

maintenance before returning to routine site O&M procedures. A post-inci"dent report, which

will summarize the incident and remedial measures implemented, will be submitted to theUSEPA and MDE.

7.6 AMENDMENTS TO THE PLAN

This Emergency Response Plan will be revised and, if necessary, amended wheneverone ofthe following applies:

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• Applicable regulations are revised, v

• The plan fails in an emergency.

• The remedial measures are changed in design, construction, operation,maintenance or other circumstances in a way that substantially increases the

potential for fires or releases of .contaminated materials, or changes in the• responses necessary in an emergency.

• The emergency coordinator changes.

The review"ah"d"amendment task is the responsibility ofthe emergency coordinator.

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8.0 O&M COST ESTIMATE

Activities during the O&M period will include groundwater, surface-water, andsediment monitoring, gas vent monitoring, site inspections, site maintenance, and site security,

Anticipated costs for the maintenance ofthe cover system is approximately $27,000 per year.A breakdown ofthe costs for monitoring is displayed in Table 8-1; the present worth cost over

30 years (at 5% interest rate) is approximately $420,000,

GApr)cis\bftcap t QO\finoAn«3oc

A R 3 I 13143GERAGHTY 6? MILLER,INC.

Table 8-1 SB

ANNUAL AND PRESENT WORTH O&M COSTSSINGLE BARRIER COVER

ANNUAL O&M COSTS (POST-CLOSURE CARE)

Cover Inspection and MaintenanceRoad MaintenanceFence Maintenance

SubtotalAdministration (5%)Annual O&M SubtotalContingency (15%)TOTAL ANNUAL O&M COSTS

$12,00055,00055,000

S22,00051,100523,10053,500$27,000

PRESENT WORTH O&M COSTS (POST-CLOSURE CARE)

Interest RatePeriod of PerformanceE.S. Present Worth P/APresent Worth

. 5%30-years15.37. ... .- . "

$420,000

. . . .GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC

Page 1

. - flR3

APPENDIX G

O&M PLAN - PHYTO-COVER

GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. A K J I I 0 U 0

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLANENGINEERED PHYTO-COVER SYSTEM

WOODLAWN LANDFILLCECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND

April 6,1998

Prepared for:

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.-, 50 Century Boulevard

Nashville, Tennessee 37214-8900

Prepared by:

ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller1131 Benfield Boulevard

Suite AMillersville, Maryland

(410)987-0032

_.._.._.. ._ ... _..-._-—._ . . . ...... . .

GERAGHTY^ MILLER,INC..


TABLE OF CONTENTS

i.o iKraoDucTioN ....:.::2.0 PERSONNEL .;J..:.::;;;..L::;J:

2.1 UALIFICATIONS*:::;.;;;: .:3.0 Q & M SECGHT?1™ ™. 3-1

4.0 GENERAL SltEMAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES „...„:..;..;.........„...„..„...„.............„........ 4-14.1 ENGINEERED PHYTO-COVER SYSTEM .,.....:....;......;..........;.................,...,........4-2

4,1.1. Year l-Establishment............................,......;..........................................4-24.1.2..Year 2 and 3—Active Maintenance........................................................4-34.1.3, Year 4—Passive Maintenance ........................................................... 4-4

4.2 LONG-TERMMAlr t ANCE.. ^4.3 SECURITY CONTROL AM) BENCHMAk|CS...... ^44 SAFETY AND PRE\Tz>mVE.MAlNTEN4.5 REPAIRS ANDMAINTENANCE ....,..,...".,........;„„„..,.„..;...........„..„„„................. 4-7

.l™...™...,..™»........L.....,.,r™.....».............,,.......5-l '.i.........;.™....;;.i;..i,...,..;......,...,................,.......5-i5.3 INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS'........ll'I.l......;l.....;.,.......,............................5-l5.4 SECURITY OONTROI/AND BpO3fvlAkl£S... 5-2 -

5,5.1. Monitoring and Sampling .....,.........~.....T................................................ 5-45,5,2. Sbu-rnoisture Monitoring ........._...„.....„.„„........,........„„..„...,......„.......... 5-55.5:3. Agro"ri6;mic Chemistry Sampling ........................................................ 5 6 .

6.0.O & MPERIOTJOTl'US&~J~:.'. J 6-1

7.0 EMERGENCY I?SPONSEPLAS rZ.l"....:..V.»..._.._....',........,,«.v..f.......f................7-l7.1 GENER&L\r;'.»: w;r.:7.2 EMERGENCY ( iAi; !7.3 IDENTTFICXTION "AND ;i LEI ffiNTATION. ...OF EMERGENCY

7.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE I C Er J 7-27.5 POST-INCIDENT"A(!?ff<Di7.6 AMENDMENTS TO THE fLAI;...... .!....!™.™.!.;..........................,........... 7-4

8.0 O&M cost ^ J.J.I\::Ii:~M: s-i

flR3l I3U7GERAGHTY# MILLER,INC. .: '- - =" W


TABLE OF CONTENTS fcon'U

TABLES

8-1. Opinion of Probable costs for Annual Operations and Maintenance 'Bridgestone/Firestone, Woodlawn Landfill, Cecil County, Maryland.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Operation anoT Maintenance (O&M) Plan has been prepared as an appendixto trie Final Design Report in accordance with the Unilateral Administrative Order (the

Order) issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) on November 25,

1994, and effective December 27, 1994, for the Remedial Design (RD) ofthe WoodlawnLandfill Superfund Site (Site) in Cecil County, Maryland. This O&M Plan was prepared

for an alternative cover sys'tefrTfcTthat prescribed in the Record of Decisiori (ROD). This

alternative remedy is a phyto-cover, which consists Of .densely planted, deep-- and

densely-rooted hybrid poplar trees and grasses that creates a "sponge and pump" waterremoval system. . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The objectives of this O&M Plan are as follows: . ...... •

• Provide a plan for the inspection, maintenance and monitoring of the implementation

ofthe remedy at the Site .throughout the maintenance period.

• Establish the baseline for the USEPA to verify that adequate and appropriate activities

are being performed. " " .- "_.;." ."..-."."_."7... : . _..,.._ - -" -" -"

Maintenance of the Site will be performed for a period of 30 years after the date

of completing the Remedial Action (RA) .activities unless otherwise approved by the

USEPA. O&M activities will consist of the monitoring and maintenance of erosion and

sediment controls; site security measures; benchmarks; and the phyto-cover system. Site

inspections and continuation of the various monitoring programs will be performed

throughout the O&M period, providing the basis for determining the termination of

monitoring activities in accordance with Consent Decree provisions.

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2.0 PERSONNEL

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. will maintain a qualified and adequate staff to

administer activities during the O&M period. This staff will be responsible for siteinspections and monitoring, implementation of any maintenance or remedial measureswarranted and indicated by the inspections and monitoring, and regulatory reporting as

specified in this O&M Plan. The following individual is currently designated to be the

Site Coordinator and contacted regarding maintenance and monitoring activities.

Name: Mr. Timothy A. Bent, CPGSenior Environmental Project Manager

Address: Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.50 Century BoulevardNashville,'TN 37214

Telephone: (615) 872-1426

Upon conclusion of the O&M period, the Site Coordinator will so notify the USEPA by

written certification to request that maintenance and monitoring activities be terminated.

2,1 QUALIFICATIONS

Bridgestone/Firestone will assure that the personnel responsible for the

inspection, monitoring, and maintenance programs, either internally or through contract

agreements, are qualified to perform these functions throughout the O&M period asfollows:

• Inspection - Routine site inspections will be performed by a qualified Inspector who

possesses knowledge of the systems to be inspected, and experience in performing

similar duties. The inspector will be trained in cover system management. Training

materials will include a manual, USDA Agricultural Handbook 677-A Guide to

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Insect, Disease, and Animal Pests of Poplars, along with technical publications,

unpublished papers," arid personal communications with practitioners in the field

knowledgeable with disease, vector, and pest control for hybrid poplars, tree coversystems, and vegetative cover systems in the eastern United States, __Monitoring - The_ monitoring, program established in Section 5.0 will be used as abasis for evaluating the phyto-cover and other Site considerations throughout the

O&M period. All monitoring and collection of samples will be performed by a

qualified individual having knowledge of the proper techniques required to sample

the various systems, and experienced in performing similar duties.

Maintenance - Personnel who possess the skills required for O&M periodmaintenance in accordance with Maryland regulations will, be employed in both

supervisory' ~aiid performance roles. All activities will be conducted under the

direction of, and provided and .accepted by, the responsible Bridgestone/Firestone Site

Coordinator identified in Section 2.0 of this O&M Plan.

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3.0 O&M SECURITY

The Site will be secured during the RA period and for three years after phyto-cover

system construction is complete. This will allow sufficient time for the trees to become

established to the point that vandalism will not be a concern. After a three-year security

phase, the need for ongoing security methods will be evaluated, and public access to the

site may be permitted.

The RA period and three-year security system of the Woodlawn Landfill will

consist of chain-link fencing around the entire site, locked gates, and posted signs. Access

will only be permitted to those performing inspections, monitoring and maintenance

activities: appropriate regulatory agency personnel; property owners; and

Bridgestone/Firestone representatives. The location of the O&M Plan, the contact

individual, and a telephone number will be in the existing on-site transfer station for the

duration of maintenance activities. If redevelopment of the site is implemented during

the O&M period, the O&M Plan will be revised, if necessary, to address reuse

components and any necessary modifications to on-going O&M activities, and to ensure

protection of the underlying cover system. It is important to recognize that

Bridgestone/Firestone'ifself does not own the Site and will not itself be redeveloping the

Site. Contact Individual and telephone numbers will routinely be updated to provide

continuous Site security.

flR3M352GERAGHTY<S? MILLER,INC. - - - -


4.0 GENERAL SITE MAINTENANCE ACTmTIES

To ensure the integrity of the remedial measures implemented and the continued

proper functioning of the monitoring systems, regularly scheduled site inspections will beperformed by a qualified inspector. Inspections will be conducted bi-weekly during the first

year of the O&M period, monthly during the second and third years of the O&M period,and quarterly thereafter throughout the O&M period; however, during the first three years

of the maintenance period, additional inspections of the cover system will be conductedfollowing major storm events. In. addition, the general condition of the Site will be

observed during monitoring activities. Inspection observations will be recorded in a log

book, with copies of all logs kept on file for the entire O&M period, for review upon

request by the regulatory agencies. Examples ofthe site inspection log form can be found

in Appendix A. Included with the inspection logs .will be a summary and schedule for any

activities necessary to maintain compliance with the directives for maintenance in the O&M

Plan.

Preventive and corrective maintenance will include the repair of security control

devices; erosion damage repair; correction of settlement, subsidence, and displacement; and

mowing, fertilization, .and other maintenance. Potential repairs are expected to consist of

occasional site regrading and re vegetation of erosion channels. The existing on-site storage

shed will be used to .store maintenance and monitoring equipment not supplied by outside

contractors. • '-"" • • • - • • " • "

Maintenance and repair needs -will be described in writing' to the responsible

responding party, as i necessary, after any inspection, as described in Section 4.5. After a

repair, a reinspection will be made and documented on an Inspection Form. If, upon

reinspection, it is "determined that corrective maintenance's necessary, prompt attention will

be given to .the .deficiency. The completed forms will be kept on file in the responsible

responding party Site Coordinator's office.

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4.1 ENGINEERED PHYTO-COVER SYSTEM

Following phyto-cover system installation, post-installation maintenance will be

divided into three distinct periods, as follows: Year 1-Establishment; Years 2 and 3-Active Maintenance; and Year 4 and succeeding years-Passive Maintenance. The

inspector will perform maintenance activities, and the local USDA Extension Service for

Cecil County, as well as the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) ForestService, will be accessed to provide periodic inspections and consultation services to

assist in the detection and control of diseases, vectors, and pests. Mr. Tom Fredrick ofthe Maryland DNR Forest Service has agreed to inspect the site prior to planting or

during site preparation, then provide recommendations for maintenance procedures. The

Maryland DNR Ayton Tree Nursery deals with hybrid poplars and has experts who can

provide consultation services, as needed, for monitoring and maintenance of these trees.

Other locally and regionally qualified expert personnel will also be utilized to

supplement governmental agency support for routine inspections and surveys of the site.

These personnel, with local jurisdiction experience and projects, will identify indicators

of disease and pests of concern that will affect the overall maintenance and health of the

cover system and, in particular, the hybrid poplar trees that will be planted at theSite.

Each maintenance period is discussed in the following sections.

4.1.1 Year 1-Estsbiishment

Management tasks for Year 1-Establishment will include the following activities:

1. The inspector will conduct bi-weekly site inspections yeaf-round and aftermajor storm events. . • . . . .

GERAGHTY & MELLER.INC.

Revision No. 00'• ' April 6, 1998.

4-3

2. Weed control will be practiced by an appropriate contractor, as required,for a healthy and visually acceptable site, with less cover for rodents.

3. Mowing by an appropriate contractor, as needed, will be conducted toprevent invasive annual weeds from overgrowing the trees and stunting thedesired clover and perennial rye grass..,

4. Herbicides will be applied by an appropriate contractor, as required,especially a grass control herbicide in the base of the tree rows, to controlnoxious or weed species.

5, - -Insecticide will be applied by an appropriate contractor, as required, forinfestations of Cottonwood Beetle, Eastern Tent Caterpillar or other peststhat pose potential problems.

6. - --Monitoring will include foliar and soil sampling during August of the firstyear; results will be analyzed for Year 2 fertilization requirements. Foliarand soil sampling will be conducted in accordance with the methods oftheAgricultural Research Service, USDA, to determine soil fertility status asit affects foliation and plant rooting patterns, including rooting depth, rootdensity, and rate of root penetration. Nutrient analyses of soils and leaveswill be used to determine the fertilizer addition necessary, includingorganic. content" analyses (American Society for "Testing .and Materials[ASTM] D-2974) and pH test (ASTM D-4972), among others (e.g.,nitrogen, phosphorous, etc.). A determination of appropriate nutrientsupplements, if necessary, will be made through consultation with theUSDA and Cecil County Extension Service staff. " .

7. Repair or replacement of erosion control features will be implemented, as.required, by an appropriate contractor. This will include surfaceapplication of compost mulch or shredded yard debris.

4.1.2 Year 2 and 3—Active Maintenance ,;.. .... .,w_ .... ...

The following tasks, will be performed for Year 2 and 3—Active Maintenance for

the phyto-cover system: ' - - •

1. The inspector will conduct monthly site inspections year-round and aftermajor storm events. ' - •

2. The inspector will apply fertilizer in April, as recommended by agronomicanalyses from the Year 1 August soil and foliar sampling.

' flR3.IJ3S5GERAGHTY <S? MILLER,INC. .


4-4

3, The inspector will supply weed control on an as-needed basis. (While thisis important it is less critical as the trees outgrow annual weeds.).

4. Mowing as needed will prevent invasive annual weeds from overgrowingthe trees and stunting the desired clover and perennial rye grass.

5. Herbicides are not expected to be needed.

6. Insecticides may be required. Spraying the leaf surfaces is especiallyimportant for an infestation of Cottonwood Beetle or Eastern TentCaterpillar, should it occur. Such insect infestations are normally apotential problem only during the first two years of establishment.

7. Monitoring will require August foliar and soil sampling for nutrientcontent. Results will be analyzed for the following year's springfertilization requirements, but the Site will require less fertilizer as the soilmatures and the site cycles leaves. '

8. Repair or replacement of erosion control structures will be implemented asrequired.

4.13 Year 4—Passive Maintenance

Passive maintenance of the phyto-cover system will be conducted beginning in

Year 4 and continuing for succeeding years. These tasks will include the followingactivities:

1, Quarterly site inspections will be conducted.

2, Fertilization will be applied, as required, based on the previous year'sagronomic analyses.

Weed control will not be required unless rodents infest the site.

4, Insecticides are not required, except for local infestations of insects, suchas the Eastern Tent Caterpillar; insecticides will be applied only ifnecessary'.

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4-5

5. August foliar and soil sampling may not be required, but nutrients may beapplied periodically in. following years to maintain the best growth andmaximum water uptake by the plants.

6. . Repair dfreplacement of erosion control features will be implemented asrequired.

Over the life of me phyto-cover, indigenous species will be allowed to invade in

several stages of forest community succession, leading to climax culture of a mature forest

predominant in the region (deciduous or coniferous/deciduous of the mid-Atlantic coastal

plain). This is inherent in the design of the system, leading to a self-sustaining biotic

community and providing an alternative to. harvesting and replanting. Furthermore, it

allows the slower growing, longer lived trees already populating the perimeter ofthe site to

colonize into the poplar stand as the poplar trees reach the end of their life expectancy of 50ormoreyears, . ..,-.-.. '•*.".-' "•' .-.-— -- ........--.--•• ••

The protection of human health and the environment that will be provided by the

phyto-cover system, designed, will be at least equivalent in performance to that of a

single-barrier cover, system. If it is "determined that the invasion of indigenous species does

not maintain the performance at an equal or better level of protection, these other species

will not be allowed to; establish themselves and supplant the design speciesj (poplars) until

the intent ofthe remediation objectives stated in the ROD have been achieved.

4.2 LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE " """"" ". - ~ -"

Long-term maintenance" of the phyto-cover system will require thinning of the

mature poplars at years 11 and 21 to maintain a healthy canopy and maximize thej-

. transpiration capacity of the trees. , This should maintain the function of the cover in

limiting percolation, through the first 30 years. An appropriate contractor will be hired to

perform the thinning. . . . . " '. . . - ~ •

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Revision No. 00April 6.1998

4-6

43 SECURITY CONTROL AND BENCHMARKS

Security controls and benchmarks will be inspected during regular phyto-covermaintenance activities. Corrective maintenance on the perimeter security fencing will beundertaken if any signs on the fencing are missing or unreadable, if any holes are noted in

the fencing, if any fence posts are loose or bent, if any gates are inoperable, or if any

missing or broken locks are noted. Corrective measures that do not require special

materials or equipment, such as replacing locks, will be made promptly as deemed

warranted by the inspector. Other corrective actions, such as replacing fencing, will be

performed by an appropriate contractor.

Weed trimmers and/or herbicides may be utilized to control the weed and brush

growth around benchmarks used to prepare the survey plat so that the benchmarks are

accessible and readable. Contractors with the appropriate equipment will be used for the

maintenance of any vegetative growth. In the event that the inspector identifies an

unreadable or inaccessible benchmark or monument, action will be taken to restore

accessibility or readability. This will likely only require Trimming of vegetation around

the benchmark or monument but may require reestablishing the benchmark or monument.

If the inspector has reason to believe that the benchmark or monument has been tampered

with or moved or if a benchmark or monument must be replaced, a surveyor will be

contracted to relocate or replace the benchmark or monument in the appropriate location.

4.4 SAFETY AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

During maintenance, all fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides will be broughton-site in ready-to-apply concentrations. No mixing of undiluted applications will be

permitted at the Woodlawn Landfill site. Any brush removed from the tree crop or

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4-7

harvested trees would be disposed off-site as neces~sary to avoid the development and

spread of diseases. ~ ~ . — : . -.._.-_ .

4.5 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE

Based upon the outcome of the visual observations, 1iie inspection logs will

conclude, and recommend as needed, the repair and maintenance of security control

devices, stressed vegetation, erosion or desiccation of the phyto-cover system, surficial

settlement, and erosion control structures. If a problem is identified during the course ofthe

site inspections, the situation will be evaluated and necessary responses will be initiated in

an appropriate time frame. The method and results ofthe responses will be recorded in the

inspection logs. ; ..... .: "iJ-;:":..--. ...____.;.,,.. • .-. .. .... . . .- ; - . . . .

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5.0 MONITORING PLAN

5.1 INSPECTION PLAN

Monitoring activities include the inspection of security control, benchmarks, and

the phyto-cover system; water chemistry, soil-moisture, and unsaturated zone monitoring;

and agronomic tree foliage chemistry sampling. Details of these monitoring activities are

described below. The Inspector will be trained and qualified in all disciplines that the

monitoring plan addresses.

5.2 INSPECTION FREQUENCY

During construction of the phyto-cover system and for the first year following

construction, bi-weekly inspections ofthe cover and erosion control devices (permanent and

temporary) will be performed. The purpose of these inspections is to ensure that the trees

are growing properly and that no erosion ofthe phyto-cover system is occurring.

Following the initial year, monthly inspection of the phyto-cover system will be

performed for the next 2 years. It should be noted that the erosion control devices will also

be durable after vegetation has been established. Quarterly inspections will take place

beginning in the fourth year after planting.

53 INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS

The instructions for inspection are provided in the' Inspection Form (see Appendix

A). The form will be completed by the Inspector to record any observations and to

document the need for any corrective action. Completed inspection forms wifl be kept on

file in the Site Coordinator's office. In the event that any corrective action is necessary, the

Inspector will also notify the Site Coordinator in writing to ensure that the necessary

procedures will be taken to correct the observed deficiency.

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5.4 SECURITY CONTROL AND BENCHMARKS

The Inspector will evaluate the security system during bi-weekly, monthly and.quarterly monitoring and when there is reason to believe that an unauthorized entry or

failure in the security system has occurred. The security system will be examined for thefollowing: = =;""~ -/ :- . - -_". - - - - - -

• Structural integrity of fencing .and fence posts.

• Operability of gates. ..._..,- .

• Holes in fencing or "signs of unauthorized entry.

• Integrity of locks,. - . . - . . ---,.- -. ------- .-,-——; •• -

• Readability of signs. . _ ..,.- .- . . - - -. •• . •

• Absence of signs. - ...... -.,".. . . . - • .*

If the Inspector finds any signs fnlssing of unreadable, holes in the fencing, loose or bent

fence posts, inoperable gates, or missing or broken locks, the Inspector will immediately

complete the Work Request Form, and corrective action will be undertaken. An appropriate

contractor will be employed to complete the repairs.

Inspection of any permanently installed Site benchmarks used to establish the

survey plat will also be conducted during the inspections. The Inspector will examine the

benchmarks and monuments for the following: .

• Visibility of the benchmark or monument

• Accessibility to the benchmark or monument.

* Readability ofthe benchmark or monument :

* Any evidence of tampering or movement of the' benchmark or monument.

..... flR3! 1361GERAGHTY & MULLER,INC. "


5-3

In the event that the Inspector identifies a benchmark or monument as unreadable orinaccessible, or if the Inspector has reason to believe that the benchmark or monument hasbeen tampered with or moved, restorative action will be undertaken. Responsible

responding parry will be notified in writing, and a local contractor will be employed to

complete the repairs.

5,5 PHYTO-COVER SYSTEM

To determine the condition of the phyto-cover system during routine inspections,

the Inspector will walk the perimeter and traverse the cover along a minimum of five rows

of trees. The Inspector will be trained and qualified for proper phyto-cover system

management

Erosion control features for drainage and surface-water runoff will be checked for

integrity, failure of any kind, or conditions that could lead to failure. Such conditions

will be noted and addressed. Any erosion mat that has been installed in the ditches and

benches, and other areas with potentially highly concentrated surface-water flow, will be

examined for wear, degradation, or movement that could present a potential for erosion ofthe phyto-cover system.

Conditions that the Inspector will note include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Surface disturbances or rutting caused by vehicles traversing the phyto-cover

system.

• Surface disturbances or rutting caused by other physical actions.• Gullies, washouts, or other cover disturbances caused by water erosion.• Settlement/subsidence.

• Wear, such as burrows due to animals.• Inadequate or stressed vegetation.

A R 3 I I 3 6 2GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. . "


5-4

• Precipitation ponding.

• Insects or pests. , -

The Inspector will require restorative actions if any ofthe following conditions are observed

during a visual inspection:

• Erosional gullies.

• Areas devoid of vegetation.

• Differential settlement mat could cause ponding or an excessive increase in

infiltration.

• Erosion that, could compromise the integrity of the phyto-cover system.

• Other conditions that may interfere with the proper performance of the phyto-cover system as denoted during site management training."

If the Inspector suspects that vehicles have traversed the phyto-cover system during the first

three years "after, mstallation, special attention will be given to inspecting and enhancing the

security system. •

5.5.1 Monitoring and Sampling

Monitoring the site will .aid.in determining the. effectiveness of the phyto-cover.

system establishment program. Monitoring will be conducted after cover completion and

will continue for at least 5 years. . . '.' " .

Local weather data, including mean daily temperature, precipitation, and relative

humidity, will be collected from the nearest weather station during water chemistry, soil-

moisture, and agronomic chemistry data collection activities. All data will be maintained

at the office of the Site Coordinator- Each" monitoring and' sampling activity is described

in the following sections... . . " . " " . . .. -

flR3!1363GERAGHTY <S?MILLER,INC.- "


5-5

5-5-2 SoU-moisture Monitoring

As the site matures, the trees will develop roots through the surficial soil zone andinto the underlying waste. The cover uses root uptake to dewater the root zone. Bymonitoring the soil-moisture content in this zone, the Inspector can monitor the waterremoval by plant uptake and the moisture replenishment through the dormant season.Soil moisture monitoring will be performed during the first 5 years after construction to

demonstrate that the cover system is controlling leachate generation.

Time Domain Refiectometry (TDR) will be used, to evaluate the moisture content

at various depths in the soil profile. TDR has advantages over other methods because it

offers a high degree of accuracy, provides spatial resolution, measures soil moisture close

to the surface, and yields rapid reading with minimum soil disturbance.

mThe moisture-point mstrument is a lightweight, soil-moisture measurement " ^

instrument that combines TDR with data processing and management technology to

overcome environmental limitations on field soil-moisture measurement. A single

operator can insert a probe into the soil and obtain a real-time profile of .volumetric water

content. Alternately, a meter and data logger can be connected to each probe to collect

and store moisture, readings at defined time intervals.

TDR probes are environmentally benign and designed for long-term exposure.

They are constructed of stainless steel, epoxy, and high density plastic. The probes are 4

feet in length and 0.75 inch by 0.5 inch in cross section, with five discrete sensingsegments separated by diodes located along the length of the probe. The segments from

top to bottom are 15 centimeters (cm), 15 cm, 30 cm, 30 cm, and 30 cm in length.

Standard probes measure soil moisture over a depth of 0 to 4 feet. Modified probes canbe installed deeper to sense soil moisture over increments of 4 feet

A R 3 I I 3 6 UGERAGHTY & MILLER,INC.


5-6

The TDR monitor connects "through a. plug to. the TDR probes and requiresapproximately 10 minutes to properly read each probe and record the data manually. Ameter and data logger configuration requires approximately 90 seconds to read each

probe. The moisture content is given as a'percentage ofthe total volume, including soil

and air. The TDR data can be compared to soil-moisture data measured independently hia laboratory from undisturbed samples collected on the site. The soils data would includeavailable water-holding capacity and field capacity.

Three TDR probes" will be rnstalleji at staggered depths to form a TDR cluster.

Five TDR clusters, approximately one per quadrant, will be installed aro.und the phyto-

cover system. "The fifth TDR instaliation'will be installed in an adjacent grassy area offthe phyto-cover afea~tx>~ provide reference to the water uptake of grasa. Multiple probes

will be connected to dne'metsr arid data logger through cables'.placed in flexible

watertight conduit beneath the ground surface. Each probe will have two cables. One

cable allows the meter to. switch between probes, and the other carries the meter's signal

to the probe. The tops of the probes will be buried to eliminate risk of damage due to

mowing and vandalism and risk of injury to humans due to tripping. A signal wire will

be placed in each conduit, and a magnetometer will be used to Locate the probes, when

required. A trained and qualified Inspector will download stored data with a portable .

computer during sampling events....... , . . . , . . . .... • - -- - - - -

5.5.3 Agronomic Chemistry Sampling . ,

Soil sub-samples will be collected in August'during the first 3 years. The phyto-

cover'sysfem will be divided into five equal sections by four transects perpendicular to

the tree rows. Ten soil sub-samples across each transect will be collected and combined

into one-sample. Tree leaves, including stems, will be collected from the same transects.

From each transect, a total of 20 leaves will be collected from 20 trees, one each from the

flR3j 1365GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC. O


5-7

apical stem in the 4th to I Oth leaf from the apex. These samples will be analyzed for 11

nutrient elements and related agronomic soil characteristics. These results will be

reviewed to determine necessarv fertilizer addition to the site.

*

S R 3 I 1 3 6 6GERAGHTY & MELLER,INC.


6-1

6.0 Q&M PERIOD SITE USE

During the active O&M period, the Site will not be used except for O&M

purposes. Future active land uses will be submitted to Cecil County and USEPA as theyare contemplated

A R 3 I 1367MILLER.INC..: : : -

Revision No. 00April 6, 1998::

7-1

7.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

7.1 GENERAL

This Emergency Response Plan applies to the entire Site and serves to mimmize theeffects of an emergency or stress situation that could result in the uncontrolled discharge ofcontaminants into the environment or pose a hazard to human health or the naturalenvironment The Emergency Response Plan requires that in the event of a" fire, explosion,

surface-water discharge, or the release of contaminants to the atmosphere, mat specific

emergency responses outlined in the plan will be undertaken. The responsibility forimplementation of the plan lies with an emergency coordinator designated by

Bridgestone/Firestone.

73 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR

The individual responsible for O&M activities at the site will serve as the Emergency

Coordinator and has the authority to designate an acting emergency coordinator to serve in his

absence. The individual listed below will be contacted in an emergency situation.

Name; Mr. Timothy Bent, CPG " ' " - --Senior Environmental Project Manager

Address: Bridgestone/Firestone50 Century BoulevardNashville, TN 37214

Telephone: (615) 872-1426 '

The Emergency Coordinator will be authorized to expend, using emergency procurementprocedures, the resources necessary to prevent or mitigate fires, spills, explosions, surface-water

discharge, releases to the atmosphere, or other incidents or conditions that may threaten life,property, or the environment.

A R 3 I I 3 6 8GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC.

. Revision No. 00' * - April 6, 1998

7-2

7.3 IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE

PLAN . - ~, .-:.-.— ..„-————— --- - •-

The decision to implement the Emergency Response Plan depends on whether or not

the impending or actual incident imminently threatens human health or the natural environment.

The purpose of this section is to identify the potential hazards and provide guidance to theemergency coordinator in making this .decision by providing decision-making criteria. The

Emergency Response Plan could be implemented in the following situations:

• Vandalism ' ' " . . . ^

-.- Destruction of property could result in improper performance of the

monitoring systems. " ; . . . ' . , . ,

—-Property damage could cause a contaminant release..• Fire

- Fire could cause the release of contaminants to the atmosphere.

- Fires spread and could possibly ignite materials at other locations on-site.

- Fire could spread to off-site areas.

—-The use of water or water and chemical fire suppressant could result in

contaminated run-off.

• Surface-Water Discharges. - - - .'

- Improper drainage could result in surface water contacting waste material

that could cause groundwater or surface-water contamination.

- Improper drainage could result in on-site ponding and flooding.

7.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES

Whenever there is an imminent or actual emergency situation, the emergency

coordinator or designee will respond immediately. The priority of response activities is asfollows:.. - .;--,-, " ----- --••- '" • —;---;.... . . . - ; . ::...,, .-..-• _. . ....

flR3M369GERAGHTY # MILLER.INC. . . ' . " . . .

Revision No. 00.April 6, 1998

7-3

1. Assess potential hazards to human health or the natural environment from

released materials.2. Identify any substances released by the event.

3, Notify the applicable state and local agencies, if required, and designated

response organizations with response roles, if their assistance is required.

4. Notify the local fire department in case of fire.5. Arrange for proper storage of any recovered contaminated materials.

6. Submit "after-incident" reports, as required.

Whenever there is a release, fire, or surface-water discharge, the Emergency Coordinator

will identify, to the extent practicable, the character, source, amount, and extent of any released

materials. This will be accomplished by visual observation of the material and the location of*its release, by a review of records, or, if necessary, by chemical analysis. Concurrently, the

Emergency Coordinator will assess possible hazards to .human health or the natural

environment that may result from the release, fire, or surface-water discharge. This assessment

will consider both direct and indirect effects of the event; examples include the effects of any

toxic, irritating, or asphyxiating gases that are generated, or the effects of anyTiazardous surface

water run-off from water or chemical agents used to control fire.

If the Emergency Coordinator determines that the facility has had a release, fire, or

surface-water discharge mat could threaten human health or the natural environment off-site,

and if the assessment indicates that the public will be affected in the short-term, the City ofColora Police Department and local emergency management personnel, USEPA, and/or other

appropriate authorities will be notified. The Emergency Coordinator will be available to assist

officials in deterrnining an appropriate course of "action. During an emergency, the emergency

coordinator will take all reasonable measures necessary to ensure that fires, surface-water

discharges, and other releases do not occur, recur, or spread to other areas of the Site, or toneighboring off-site properties.

flR3M3GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC.


7-4

7.5 POST-INCIDENT ACTIONS

Immediately after an emergency, the Emergency Coordinator will provide for the

treatment, storage, or disposal of all recovered contaminated materials, including contaminated

soil or surface water, or any other material that results from a release or fire. Specifically, the

emergency .Coordinator will ensure that all appropriate regulatory and emergency response

agencies are notified. The;_Emergency Coordinator will inspect the site for any damage that

may have been caused to any components ofthe cover or monitoring systems, and conduct anynecessary repairs or maintenance before returning to 'routine site O&M procedures. The post-

incident report, which will summarize the incident and remedial measures implemented, will be

submitted to the USEPA;" """""""" ~~:~"::r:;;~~~:"~~:::. ...._....„...... ... .

7.6 AMENDMENTS TO THE PLAN

This Emergency Response Plan will be revised and, if necessary, amended whenever

one of the following applies: . :" . " ~" 7 '

• Applicable regulations are revised.

* The plan fails in an emergency.

». The remedial measures are changed in design, construction, operation,

maintenance or other circumstances in a way that substantially increases the

potential for fires'or releases of contaminated materials, or changes in the

responses necessary in an emergency.

• The Emergency"Coordinator changes,

The. review and amendment task is the responsibility ofthe Emergency Coordinator.

AR3! 137GERAGHTY & MILLER,INC.


8-1

8.0 O&M COST ESTIMATE

Activities during me O&M period will include soil and foliar monitoring, including

analysis and reporting; vector and weed control; tree maintenance; mowing; cover

inspection and maintenance; and fence maintenance. Anticipated costs for the maintenance

of the cover system is approximately 597,000 per year; the present worth cost over 30 yearsis $460,000 (see Table 8-1).

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AR3M372GERAGHTY # MILLER,INC.

Table 8-1 (Phyto)

ANNUAL AND PRESENT WORTH O&M COSTS: PHYTO-COVER

ANNUAL O&M COSTS (POST-CLOSURE CARE)' . ._ .

Soil and Foliar Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting (I)Vector/Weed Control (1)Tree Maintenance (I)Cover Inspection and Maintenance (1)MowingRoad Maintenance

SubtotalAdministration (5%)Annual O&M SubtotalContingency (15%) " ! . .TOTAL ANNUAL O&M COSTS

$13,000$5,900$25,700516,000$9,360$5,000

$74r960$3,700$78,660$11,800$90,500

PRESENT WORTH O&M COSTS (POST-CLOSURE' CARE) ' '

Interest RatePeriod of Performance'E.S:7 Present Worth P/APresent Worth

5%" ....... - . . - -30. years ;" '' ''15.37 .. „

SI 390,000

. Page 1-. . .- .. . ... . - f l R S I I373

GERAGHTY fif MTLLER,INC. .

APPENDIX H

FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN

/j p o i 1071GERAGHTY<S? MTLLER,INC, - ' 4 O

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLANFOR STREAM AND WETLAND,

AND LANDFILL GAS MONITORING,WOODLAWN LANDFILL SITE,CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND

June 1998

Prepared for:

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.50 Century Blvd.P.O. Box 1408900

Nashville, Tennessee 37214-8900

Prepared by:

ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller, Inc.3000 Cabot Boulevard, Suite 3004Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047

(215)752-6840

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER fl R 3 ' ' 3 7 5


AND LANDFILL GAS IVJEO ITORING,WOODLAWN LAMJlLL SITE,CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND

June 1998

Prepared by ARCADIS GERAGHTY & MILLER, INC.

John O. Smith, P-E//Principal Engineer

TiriVS&ckSenior Scientist/Project Manager

Suthan S. Suthersan, Ph.D., P.E.Vice President/Project Officer

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER ' A R 3 M 3 7 6

CONTENTS

1.0 thTTRODUCTlON............™ ^2.0 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE.......™......,,,.,,™.,..,™™.™™™™,.,.,.,...,™.. 2-1

3,0 MONTTORINGAl M IhnLENANCEPROGRAM.............«3.1 COVER VEGETATION MONITORING .„.........«..;.:.„„„„„......„..„„..„„:.„.„:„....„,„. 3-1

3.1.1 Habitat Monitormg........................................................................,.....;.......................3-33,1.1.1 Visual Inspection Checklist.......................................................................... 3-43.1.1.2 Watch Locations ....,".."".......™.....™™™...,...,...™™...,....... ........................ 3-53.1.1.3 Visual Stream Inspection.............................................................................. 3-6

3.1.2 Stream Water, Sediment and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring ...................... 3-63,1.2.1 Stream Monitoring Locations........................................................................ 3-73,1.2.2 Surface Water and Sediment Analytical Parameters.................................... 3-93.1.23 Benthic Macroinvertebratre Sampling ..................................................... 3-10

3.1.3 Stormwater Discharge Monitoring .......„.....,.,....„„.„........„„.„...„„.. ................ ....... 3-10

3.1.4 Wetland Mitigation Monitoring and Maintenance................................................... 3-1 13,1.4.1 General Visual Observations ................................................................. .....3-113.1.4.2 Created Wetland Vegetation Monitoring ................................................. 342

3J.5 Landfill Gas Monitoring...................,.....,.,.™.™™.™. —— ..__„.„................„, 3-12

3.1.6 Contingency/Response Program................................. ,„.....„........„ ——— .._.......... 3-13

3.2 MOmTORINGSCHEDULE.™™™......,,,,""""""™"™..., ^3.2,1 Visual Inspection..................,..,,,.......................................™............™.™............."." 3-15

3.2.2 Unnamed Stream Sampling ................................................................................... 3-15

3.23 Stormwater Discharge Sampling.........................,..,..................,™ — ™.™.....,.,™.3-16

3.2.4 Landfill Gas Sampling Schedule .......................'.....................,....................,............ 3-16

4.0 METHODS AND FIELD PROCEDURES™............,,....™.,.,™™.™™....,..../.................,....™ 4-14.1 SEDIMENT AND SURFACE WATER SAMPLING....................................................... 4-1

4.1.1 Surface Water Sampling Equipment .......,.,......,.........™....,..........™...«.......,.™.™,,™.4-l4.1.1.2 Shallow Water Sampling Procedures....................................,..............™-.. 4-1

4, 1 .2 Sediment Sampling ............................,,....™.™.....,..™.....,.,,,,..™.™™.—.,,..™™»»»." 4-24.1.2.1 Sediment Sampling Eqiupment..........™.,.......................™.™.™™.™™.™.-. 4-24.1.1.2 Sedmient Sampling Procedures.......................................™...............™.""-.. 4-2

5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL..."™......™.,....™ ——— ..„_.—_ 5-1

6.0 REFERENCES......... _ ™m...™™..m""™™.™™"™"™™.™"""».....",""".."""""...."""..».6-l

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER A R 3 ! I 3 7 7

IICONTENTS (continued)

TABLES

H-l. Laboratory Analyses, Methods, and Data Quality Objectives, Woodlawn Landfill. Site,Cecil County, Maryland. . •

H-2. Field Parameters To Be Measured During Sampling Activities, Woodlawn Landfill Site,Cecil County, Maryland.

H-3. Sample Containers, Preservatives and^Shipping Requirements, Woodlawn Landfill Site,Cecil County, Maryland.

FIGURES _

H-l. Visual Habitat Monitoring Transects and Watch Locations.

H-2. StreamMo'mtoringLocations. __._ ...... ...•--.=

H-3. Drainage Basin Wetland Restoration Plan.

APPENDICES

A. Field Documentation Forms

B. Instrument Calibration Procedures.

C. .'..QA/QCPfbiocofiT'"""""™"""'" ~"~~"~' """"" :'- _

D. Description of Analytical Method for Landfill Gas Analysis.

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ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER flft3 1(378

Revision No. 01


AND LANDFILL GAS MONITORING,WOODLAWN LANDFILL SITE,CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) has been prepared on behalf of

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. as part of determining attainment of the performance standards

specified in the Record of Decision for the Woodlawn Landfill Site (site) in Colora, Cecil

County, Maryland. This SAP is focused on monitoring water quality in adjacent streams and

wetlands, and landfill gas at the periphery of the landfill. The SAP for groundwater will be

submitted separately following receipt of comments from the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) on the groundwater monitoring program proposed by ARCADIS Geraghty &

Miller, Inc. in the September 17, 1997 letter to EPA. The delay in the submittal ofthe SAP for

groundwater is consistent with comment number 52 ofthe March 17, 1998 letter from the EPA.

to Bridgestone/Firestone.

This SAP has been developed to assess and identify potential impacts from the landfill to

adjacent surface water and to determine if landfill gases are migrating off-site. The SAP

describes sampling rationale, sample collection procedures, and field and laboratory quality

assurance/quality contrpl measures.

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER A R 3 I I 3 7 9

Revision No. 01

2.0 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The Woodlawn Landfill site is located on a 37-acre property. Prior to 1960, the site was

operated as a sand and gravel quarry. In I960", Cecil County purchased the property and operated

a landfill that received agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastes until 1978. Reportedly from

1966 toT9~78, the Firestbne Rubber Company (Firestone) disposed of PVC sludge at the landfill.

In March 1978, PVC sludge was disposed in a designated disposal area, Cell A. On October 17,

1978, an industrial waste disposal permit was issued to Firestone authorizing the disposal of

PVC sludge in an additional area, designated as Cell B/C". .

In 1981, volatile organic compounds, including vinyl chloride, were detected in

groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells installed near Cell B/C. Additional site

investigations were conducted in the early 1980*s and EPA placed the site on the National

Priorities" List (NPL) on July 22, 1987. OrTDecemHer28, 1988 Bridgestone/Firestone, Cecil

County, Maryland, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency entered into a consent order

to conduct a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Stucly, consistent with requirements under

the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as

amended by the Superfund Amendments and. Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). Details

regarding the scope of work and findings ofthe RI are presented in the Remedial Investigation

and Feasibility Study reports (IT Corporation 1992; 1993).

A proposed Remedial Action Plan (RAP) was issued by EPA on May 26, 1993- and a

Record. of Decision (ROD) was issued on September 28, 1993. On November 25, 1994, an

Order was issued to Cecil County and Bridgestone/Firestone (BFS) to perform a Remedial

Design and Remedial Action (RD/RA). Remedial design activities are ongoing for the site.

Historical groundwater sampling data collected since 1978 at the site indicate several

organic and inorganic compounds have been detected in groundwater. After Preliminary

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ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER S R 3II380

Revision No. 012-2

evaluation of the historical analytical database, the compounds selected in the ROD .were

organized into contaminants of primary and secondary concern .with regard to the remedial

design. Contaminants of primary concern were those detected most frequently and/or will likely

drive groundwater recovery and/or treatment technologies. Contaminants of secondary concernwere those found only in a few wells or sporadically throughout the site and will likely not drive

recovery and/or treatment technologies. The following are the primary constituents of concern(COCs):

• the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons: vinyl chloride, trichloroethene (TCE),

tetrachloroethene (PCE), and 1, 2-Dichloroethene, (1,2 DCE), and;

• manganese, arsenic and mercury.

The following are the secondary constituents of concern:

• the PAHs: benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene,and faenzo(k)fluoranthene.

• bis(2~ethyihexyl)phthalate and pentachlorophenol.

• pesticides: Endosulfan I, aldrin, Alpha BHC, and heptachlor, and;

• cadmium and vanadium.

The majority of these constituents have been sporadically detected at low concentrations

and are limited to wells located in the central, interior portion ofthe former landfill. Constituents

which appear to be the most widespread include vinyl chloride and manganese.

A historical reduction in vinyl chloride concentrations in singular monitoring wells, as

well as a reduction in the extent of the vinyl chloride in 'groundwater provide preliminaryindications that monitored natural attenuation processes are active in groundwater at the site.

Groundwater fate and transport modeling results and preliminary results obtained using the

EPA's Bioscreen (V.I. 3) analytical biodegradation evaluation tool further indicate monitored

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER A R3 I I 38

Revision No. 012~i-j.

natural attenuation, including biodegradation, mechanisms, have resulted in the observed

reduction of vinyl chloride mass at the site. ----- . - - - - - - -

The purpose of this SAP is to propose methods and analytical requirements that are

consistent with published EPA protocols sampling adjacent streams and wetlands and sampling

landfill gases at the.landfill.perimeter. These data will be used to assess potential impacts of

remedial activities and to provide a basis for assessing compliance with ROD objectives.

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ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER A R 3 I 1382

Revision No. 01

3.0 MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

The following habitat, stream and gas monitoring program has been developed for the

single-barrier cover system. While regular maintenance will be required for the single-barrier

cover system vegetation, it is understood that this a living and dynamic, system which may

require response actions to maintain its performance throughout the operational period of the

cover. To monitor and evaluate potential site impacts during construction and post-construction

ofthe Cover System, regular visual inspections and full rounds of stream water, stream sediment

and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling will be conducted as described in Section 32. The goalof the monitoring program described in this Appendix is to ensure habitat protection and

minimize potential habitat impacts from the remedial activities at the site.

3.1 COVER VEGETATION MONITORING

• All vegetated areas of the cover system will be inspected in accordance with the O&M plan

for the single-barrier cover system, which is included in Appendix F of the final designreport. This O&M plan will be adopted and may be revised, as necessary, throughout the

operational period ofthe cover. The components of these inspections are presented below.

• During the first growing season, while the vegetation is becoming established, the seeded

areas will be inspected weekly in the first few months. The inspections will note signs of

poor growth, stress, erosion, unsuitable soil or hydrological conditions. The inspections willalso note changes in the vegetation and the presence of native vegetation not included in the

original seed mix.

• Appropriate actions will be taken to address areas identified by the inspections that do not

meet the specifications of the final vegetation plan. These actions may include erosion

control measures, regrading, nutrient input, pest control or re-seeding.

• Native trees or shrubs will not be allowed to establish on the single-barrier cover system.

The cover inspections will include identifying woody vegetation immigrating onto the single-

barrier cover system. While the rotating mowing schedule presented below will limit the

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER S R 3 I 1383

Revision No. 013-2

establishment of woody vegetation, the .final O&M plan will include procedures for the

removal of native woody vegetation that may begin to; establish on the cover.

Mowing ____.___.__"...._..._ ._..:._ -___.. ..-"...

The USFWS has suggested the following mowing activities for the Single-barrier cover

vegetation. Mowing should not be done during the nesting season (April 15-August 15).

First Growing Season: All planted areas should be mowed periodically to reduce annual

weed invasion and enable light to reach some ofthe warm season grass seedlings.

Second Growing Season: Mow all planted areas once during a period of normal

precipitation.

Third and Subsequent Growing Seasons: Mow 1/3 ofthe single-barrier cover system

vegetation once a year and T rotate so that each area ofthe site is mowed approximatelyonce every three years. '--"-"_ " :~~:-:-: ~~ ~~. _._--_;;-r-~.r -- " . . .

The remainder of this Monitoring and Maintenance section is organized as follows:

• Section 3.1.1 describes the regular visual habitat monitoring that will be conducted

within the habitat areas adjacent to the Cover. This monitoring will be conducted in

coordination with the wetland restoration monitoring described earlier.

• Section 3.1.2 describes the stream monitoring program.

# Section 3.1.3 describes the stormwater monitoring program

• Section 3.1.4 provides a monitoring schedule for .all ofthe monitoring components

presented in the Section. .._-...:.,

• Section'3.1.6 describes the organization and implementation of a response program,

as necessary.

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3.1.1 Habitat Monitoring

The forest habitats adjacent to the single-barrier cover system boundary and the unnamed

stream and associated wetlands downgradient of the single-barrier cover system will be visually

inspected regularly for indications of potential impacts, which may be related to the single-

barrier cover system. The area to be inspected will include the perimeter of the single-barrier

cover system and transects through the habitats downslope ofthe Cover.

To facilitate regular and consistent visual habitat monitoring, the following program will

be implemented prior to the beginning of Cover construction activities and once approved by the

EPA the program will be included in the Construction Management Plan and the O&M Manual.

This visual monitoring program will include the following components:

• The visual habitat monitoring will include a visual inspection of the habitats on the

perimeter of the Cover, and on three transects through habitats down-slope from thecover. The perimeter path and the visual monitoring transect lines are shown in

Figure H-l. On each of these inspection lines, three "watch" locations have been

identified based on a pre-construction reconnaissance ofthe habitats adjacent to the

Cover. Visual inspections of the perimeter inspection path, transects and watch

locations will be based on the Visual Inspection checklist presented in the Habitat

Impact Analysis Report/Environmental Restoration Plan and described later in this

Section.

» A baseline of visually identifiable ecological features will be recorded for the broad

habitat conditions on the perimeter inspection path, on the transects and at each ofthe

watch locations to set the specific visual inspection parameters and as a relative

comparison of conditions over time. The components ofthe baseline assessment and

the Visual Inspection Checklist are presented below in Section 3.1,1.1.

• After each monitoring round, the field checklists will be reviewed and compared

against previous results to determine whether a "consequential change" related to the

cover have occurred. Criteria for consequential change will be developed for

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Revision No. 013-4

assessing, these checklists, and any change detenniriedto be. consequential (caused by

the landfill and creating or likely to create problems which require a response action

and any observed destruction 4egradatipn "pf habitat) will be confirmed by additional

reconnaissance as "appropriate. -Response actions for confirmed consequential: changes (referred to ;as CCCL later in this report) will be implemented within the

framework presented in Section 3.1.6.

3.1.1.1 Visual Inspection Checklist

The visual inspection checklist developed under this plan is presented in the Habitat

Impact Analysis Report/Environmental Restoration Plan and will include the followingcomponents: •••• . .,.. ... ....;/. , , _ , _ : . .

Perimeter Inspection Path and Transects

Visual inspection of the Perimeter Inspection Path and Transects will be conducted

within 10 feet of the inspection path. The components of the visual inspection checklist,

presented in Appendix A, for the Perimeter Inspection Path and the Transects includes;,

• Unus.uaLSoil Erosion: Signs, of unusual soil erosion . associated with runoff from the

single-barrier cover system caused by altered hydrological conditions related to the

Cover. This may include new or enlarged erosion, gullies, undercut slopes or tree

roots, sediment deposits. or runoff heavily laden with sediments, stream channel

scouring and sediment deposits in or adjacent to the unnamed stream. .

• Increased Runoff: Signs of increased runoff volume or velocity related to the single-

barrier cover system. These signs would be similar to those noted above but will also

include evidence of increased elevation or frequency of flooding and turbid stream

water. Visual references for these conditions include such items as cloudy stream

water, ponded depressions, areas adjacent to the stream, drift lines, and sediment

marks on trees, - - . . . . _ _ _ . . . . _ - _ _

• Increased Sediment Loading or deposits: Signs of increased sediment loading or

deposits related to runoff from the single-barrier cover, system. Some of the

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Revision No. 013-5

conditions identified above will also -be used to identify sediment loading and

deposition. These conditions include cloudy stream water, clouded runoff discharges

to the stream, sandy deposits or formation of islands within the stream and changes inthe dominant grain size in the stream bed.

• Altered Hydrology: Indications that the hydrology of the areas downgradient of the

single-barrier cover system have been altered. Observations may include, among

others, dry conditions in existing wetlands, wet conditions in upland areas, new seeps,and dry or reduced seeps.

* Stressed or Dead Vegetation: Areas of stressed or dead vegetation will be noted.

Stressed vegetation will be identified by unusual wilting, damage, growth

morphology or discoloration.

• Species Composition Changes: Relative changes in the vegetation or wildlife species

composition ofthe area or invasion ofthe area by species from outside the area. This

will include invasion ofthe adjacent habitats by species planted on the single-barrier

cover system.

• Odors: Unusual odors which may be related to the Site.

3.1.1.2 Watch Locations

As shown on Figure H-l, there are 9 Watch Locations within terrestrial or wetland

habitats. At each of these 9 Watch Locations the following baseline physical and vegetation

conditions will be identified for comparison to later rounds of visual inspections:

• Over story and sapling species within a 10-foot radius of the Watch Location will be

identified.

• Shrub species within a 5-foot radius ofthe Watch Location will be identified.

• Dominant herbaceous species and ground conditions (leaf litter, barren etc.) will be identified

within a 3 foot radius ofthe Watch Location.

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All of these components will be noted on the Visual Inspection Checklist in the HabitatRestoration Report.

3.1.13 Visual Stream Inspection

As. shown in Figure H-2, visual inspection of the unnamed stream will be conducted

along the length ofthe steam &om_a point approximately 800 feet upgradient ofthe Site to a

point approximately 2000 feet downgradient of the Site, the visual stream inspection willinclude the following observations:

• Erosion bf'scdurmgWthe stream bank or bed. Unusual base flow conditions (volume orvelocity).

• Turbid water conditions, sediment deposits or other evidence of unusual sediment

loading. ... . _,:_ .._..___ . ..,. '..____._.. -

• Watercolor. . ... . .... ... ..... -— . .. . .

* Sediment color.

• Changes in existing stream bank seeps or new seeps.

• Stream bank vegetation will be observed for readily visible signs of stress.

• Unusual odors or readily visible signs :of wildlife stress. . . '

3.1.2 Stream Water, SedimenlaiuLBenthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring

Baseline stream habitat, water and sediment quality conditions have been established and

are presented in the following three technical memorandums for the Site: the Draft Phase I, TaskI. Technical Memorandum, Environmental Resources Inventory, Phase I (HLA, 1995), the Phase

I, Task, 3 Technical Memorandum, Baseline Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling (HLA,

1997,); and the Final Draft Phase I, Task 2 Technical Memorandum, Baseline Stream Sampling

Results (HLA, 1997).

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3*1.2.1 Stream Monitoring Locations

To monitor potential impacts during construction and after completed construction,surface water, sediment, and benthic macroinvertebrate samples will be collected from five

monitoring stations located upgradiet, adjacent to and downgradient of the Site. The streammonitoring stations correspond to the surveyed baseline stream sampling locations established by

HLA (HLA, 1997). These stream monitoring stations are shown on Figure H-2 and described

below in order from upstream to downstream. The descriptions include those non-Site relatedconditions observed in the field (HLA, 1996) which could have some impact on the analytical

results and field measurements. The sample parameters are identified later in this Section.

• Monitoring Station MS-1: This sampling station is within the unnamed stream

approximately 700 feet upstream ofthe site property boundary and approximately 150 feet

upstream of a rock outcrop in the unnamed stream. It was observed that weathered bedrockformed the stream bank at several locations within approximately 100 feet of MS-1.

(Corresponds to baseline Sampling Station SA-1).

• Monitoring Station MS-2: This sampling station is located in the unnamed streamapproximately 60 feet downstream ofthe Site property boundary and approximately 275 feet

downstream (west) of the Waibel Road bridge. A drainage channel from the Site is locatedapproximately 20 feet upstream of this location. Approximately 20 feet upstream of thislocation, the stream bank is composed of non-Site related landfill material. (Corresponds to

baseline Sampling Station SA-3)

Where it is exposed, the layer of landfill material appears to be approximately 8 feet

thick at the sample station and extends approximately 100 feet along the bank. The streambank is steep at this location (approximately 90°) and there is evidence of erosion from

surface runoff and scouring from the stream flow.

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During the collection ofthe soil sample from the stream bank at SA-3 (HLA, 1997),

HLA field personnel observed that the material collected appeared to contain a significant,

municipal waste, quantity of slag and ash. Most ofthe material appeared to be waste material

and did not contain a significant quantity of soil material" that typically forms the bank oftheunnamed streanvat other locations. "~ -

Monitoring Station MS-3: This monitoring station is.located within the unnamed stream

approximately 425 feet downstream of the Site property boundary. This station is located

downstream of surface runoITdischarges to the unnamed stream from the southern end ofthe

Site. Approximately 100- feet upstream of this location, an American Beech (Fagus

grandifolia) that was approximately 100 feet tall had fallen across the stream as a result of its

root system being eroded by the iinnamedLstream flow (HLA . 1997). The portion ofthe tree

in the stream channel had restricted the width of the channel flow from approximately 9 feet

wide to approximately 6 feet wide at this location. (Corresponds to baseline sampling station

SA-4). -

• Monitoring Station MS-4: This sampling station is located within the unnamed stream

approximately 2,000 feet downstream ofthe Site property boundary. This station is located

approximately 10 feet downstream of the surface runoff pathway confluence with the

unnamed stream. The surface runoff pathway originates on the north and west sides of the

Site property and then continues as a well-defined drainage channel offsite for a distance ofapproximately 1,600 /feet before meeting the unnamed stream' (Figure H-2) (Corresponds to

baseline sampling station SA-5).

On the day of baseline sampling (HLA, 1997), base flow was observed entering the

unnamed stream from the surface runoff pathway located approximately 10 feet upstream of

the sampling location, A visual reconnaissance of the surface runoff pathway identified the

source of the flow as groundwater entering the drainage "channel from approximately 100 feeti

upgradient of the confluence with the unnamed stream. Above this point, the surface runoff

pathway was dry. ' . . . . .

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• Monitoring Station MS-5: This sampling station is located within the unnamed stream,

approximately 40 feet upstream of an abandoned railroad grade and approximately 3,500 feet

downstream of the site property boundary. An accumulation of sediments 'and debris was

present in the sampling area as a result ofthe restriction ofthe stream channel created by the

three 4-foot diameter culverts installed under the abandoned railroad grade. When observed,

this debris dam completely covered three of the four culverts and channeled the surface

stream flow into the top few inches of the remaining culvert (HLA, 1995 and 1997).

(Corresponds to baseline sampling station SA-6).

3.1.2.2 Surface Water and Sediment Analytical Parameters

Unfiltered surface water and bottom sediment will be collected from the three sampling

locations and analyzed for Target Compound Lists (TCL) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs),TCL Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs), Target Analyte List (TAL) metals, TCL

Pesticides/PCBs and total organic carbon (TOC).

The surface water samples will also be analyzed for biological oxygen demand (BOD),

chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS),

alkalinity, hardness, and nitrate/nitrite. Temperature, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen

(DO), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), pH and flow rate will be measured in the field.

The stream sediment samples will also be analyzed for particle grain size. During

baseline sampling (HLA 1997), sediment samples were collected from visually identified

deposition areas at each ofthe seven sediment sampling locations. This upper perennial streamsystem has a substrate dominated by cobbles and gravel. Areas of finer grained deposits were

not common and the samples collected were not typical ofthe cobble gravel stream bottom. As

discussed in (HLA 1996a) the percentages of silt and clay present in the sediments were muchgreater at MS-4 (baseline sampling station SA-5) than at other locations on the unnamed stream.

Exposed areas of clays were relatively common within the banks ofthe stream channel upstream

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of this, location and upstream of the Site. Because of this, it is assumed this area around MS-4

has the potential to accumulate a portion ofthe silt and clay particulate from the entire watershed which extends approximately 4,800 feet upstream of this location.

3.1.2.3 Benthic Macroinvertebratre Sampling

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Samples will be collected from the same locations as the

stream water and the Stream sediment samples (Figure H-2). Sampling techniques and data

analysis for the Bentru'c Macroinvertebrate Monitoring will be identical to the procedures

detailed in HLA 1996b. Results from the construction and. post-construction stream monitoring

will be compared to the baseline conditions established by the baseline sampling program,

conducted during the predesign investigation. The surface water,' sediment, and benthic

macroinvertebrate sampling program is incorporated as an element of the. Contingency/Response

Program described .i

3.1.3 Stormwater Discharge Monitoring ^ ._. .

Regular visual inspections of the single-barrier cover system, stormwater management

system and water quality analysis of the point source discharges from this system will be

conducted as part of the single-barrier cover system Monitoring Plan. The components of this

system include the perimeter capture trenches, sedimentation basins, discharge control structures

a n d t h e discharge channels. . . . . . . . . . . .

The visual inspection checklist for the single-barrier cover system stormwater

management system submitted as part of the Environmental Restoration Plan includes the

following items: function and integrity of engineered structures, signs of erosion, clogging or

obstructions., water color, unusual odors, vandalism, and stressed vegetation in or adjacent to the

system's components. ' . . . : . . ' " • " - . . • : . - - . " • .

Baseline samples from the stormwater discharge from the single-barrier cover system to

the unnamed stream will be collected and analyzed for TCL VOCs, TCL SVOCs, TCL*

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Revision No. 013-11

Pesticides/PCBs, TAL metals, TOC, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, alkalinity, hardness, and

nitrate/nitrite. Temperature, turbidity, conductivity, DO, ORP, and pH will be measured in the

field. Once a baseline water quality has been established for the point source discharges,

analytical parameters will be established for long-term monitoring.

If sufficient flow is present during sampling the volume and velocity of the stormwater

discharge will be monitored. The stormwater management plan includes installation of ameasured weir in the discharge path to establish flow volumes. Flow velocity will be measured

with a portable instream flow meter.

3.1.4 Wetland Mitigation Monitoring and Maintenance

As shown on Figure H-3S four vegetation monitoring locations will be established in the

stormwater control basin wetland mitigation area. The planted basin wetlands.will be monitored

monthly for the first full growing season and then twice a year after that for two years. The entire

wetland area can be observed from a single vantage point on the rim of the drainage basin.

General visual observations of the overall wetland basin will be made from the basin rim.

Vegetation success monitoring will be conducted at the four monitoring locations. The wetland

monitoring checklist submitted as part ofthe Habitat Impact Analysis/Environmental Restoration

Plan includes the following components:

3.1.4.1 General Visual Observations

• Dead or stressed vegetation,

* Large or growing erosion channels,

• The condition and function ofthe inlet and outlet structures,

* Heavy sediment deposits or increases in bottom elevation on the littoral shelf,

» Observation or other evidence of wildlife utilizing the basin,

« Standins water elevations above or below the 409 foot elevation, and

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• Migration Q£desiraj?J_eand undesirable native vegetation into the basin.

Areas with dead or poorly established plants will be replanted at the beginning of each.

growing season with the same species or a species better suited to the as built basin conditions.

There will be a target goal of.80%. vegetation cover by the end of,the second year.

3.1.4.2 Created Wetland Vegetation Monitoring

To estimate" success of the planted vegetation, four sampling points will be established

within the created wetland. 'At each location the number and cover density of plants within a

one meter plot will be identified. The data from these plots will be compared to the 80% cover

criteria as a measure of success. If, at the end ofthe second full year, the 80% target is not met,

the decision will then be made to install more plants ofthe same species or to change the speciesin response to actual basin conditions. ,

During the development of the wetland, habitat, it is anticipated that native .species may

begin to invade the basin. Unless an invading species poses a concern for the function of the

basin, no attempt will be made to interfere with this process, as a stable vegetation population

must be a higher priority in the sediment.control basin than diversity or wildlife value. If noted

within the basin in quantities greater than 3% aerial cover .over the entire basin, undesirable

vegetation such as__Phragmites australis will be removed in an appropriate manner.

3.1.5 Landfill Gas Monitoring "

A network of landfill gas monitoring probes will be installed and monitored around the

perimeter ofthe landfill, and on-site gas vents will be monitored in order to initially evaluate the

potential for off-site' migration of landfill. gas and tq confirm adequate performance of the

remedial action in preventing the migration of landfill gas toward residences near the Site. After

the remedial action is complete, the probes are intended to function as an "early warning" systemof any unexpected lateral subsurface migration" of landfill, gas toward populated areas or off-site.

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Re vision No. 013-13

Gas monitoring probes will therefore be located primarily between the landfill and all off-site

residences, and secondarily in topographically upslope directions from the waste and along

potential migratory pathways. On-site gas vents will ultimately discharge generated gas through

these controlled outlets. The collection and analysis of landfill gas and the determination of flux

rates during landfill remedial construction and post-construction monitoring will provide the datanecessary to ensure that the closure objectives and performance criteria established in the Record

of Decision (ROD) are met. The field and laboratory analysis techniques during and after the

remedial action are described in Appendix D,

3.1.6 Contingency/Response Program

The visual inspection, surface water, stream sediment, benthic macroinvertebrate

stormwater, and groundwater sampling programs developed for the site will provide data for the

monitoring and assessment of potential impacts and performance of the remedial measures in

accordance with established ROD remedial action goals and objectives. Because ofthe scale and

complexity ofthe Single-Barrier cover, it is difficult to anticipate and develop specific responses

to potential effects the proposed Single-Barrier project may have on the adjacent habitats. Even

potential impacts that can be anticipated often have unique mitigation requirements depending ona multitude of factors and conditions. To facilitate a timely and appropriate response to potential

or identified impacts, the Contingency/Response Program outlined below will be incorporated

into the the Construction Management Plan and the O&M Plan.

» Response actions will be triggered by consequential changes (CC) in conditions

identified by the Habitat monitoring activities outlined above. A consiquential change

is defined as any observed destruction or degradation of habitat notes within the Site.

• A Response Management Team will be selected, composed of personnel from

Bridgestone/Firestone and the on-site management team.

• CC's noted in the review of field checklists, surface water or sediment will be brought

to the attention ofthe Response Management Team. .

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Revision No. 013-14

The Response Management Team will review the data and determine the appropriateresponse to confirmed consequential changes.

Responses to CCs: " ----- "" ~~~ - - - - -"- ."'....'—. ----- .

• If target evaluation criteria are realized, the appropriate responses may include thefollowing: .......".,..;,""..". ""_'.1"_.VV". " " = " " •

• Confirmation ofthe ofthe observations or findings which triggered the response.

• Review of data from other location. - - - - - - -

• Field confirmation of visually identified adverse effects.

• Development and implementation of a plan to identify the source ofthe change,

• -If a target change criteria is identified in addition to the actions outlined above, the

appropriate responses may include the following:

« Consideration of potential responses if similar results are identified in. future

sampling events.

• Confirmation sampling.

• Sampling of selected environmental media for specific contaminants of concern

(CQC)s to identify the extent or the source ofthe CC.

• Evaluation of risks associated with the change or with additional increases in

residue COCs which may be identified in future monitoring events.

• If no impacts, are confirmed over time the appropriate actions may include:

• Evaluation of data collected from other areas to confirm the steady state.

• Reduction or discontinuance ofthe habitat monitoring program.

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Revision No. 013-15

3.2 MONITORING SCHEDULE

3.2.1 Visual Inspection

During construction activities formal weekly visual inspections will be conducted of the

single-barrier cover system vegetation, all erosion control structures, adjacent habitat transects

and Watch Locations, the unnamed stream, and the single-barrier cover system stormwater

management system. This weekly inspection will include the components outlined in the Visual

Inspection Check List which is included in the Habitat Impact Analysis/Environmental

Restoration Plan. After completion of single-barrier cover system construction activities, visual

inspection of all of the above items will be conducted monthly for the first year and then

quarterly thereafter for the life ofthe cover.

3.2.2 Unnamed Stream Sampling

During construction the surface water field parameters (temperature, turbidity,

conductivity, DO, ORP, and pH) will be measured and recorded during the regular weekly visual

field inspection at each ofthe fivemonitoring stations.

One full round of surface water, sediment,-and benthic macroinvertebrate samples will be

collected near the middle point of construction activities. Two additioanl rounds of samples will

be collected within the first spring and fall season following construction.

After the first annual post-construction sample rounds, surface water, sediment and

benthic macroinvertebrate samples will be collected and analyzed annualy.. The sampling

frequency and list of analytical parameters will be reviewed annually 'and may be modifiedfurther, with EPA approval, based on an evaluation of site data as remedial action goals are

achieved.

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3.2.3 Stormwater Discharge Sampling

During construction, if_ stormwater discharge is occurring during the regular weekly

visual field inspection, the discharge field parameters (temperature, turbidity, conductivity, DO,

ORP, pH and flow volume) will be measured and recorded. After construction, visual inspection

of stormwater controls will be conducted in accordance with the O&M Plan. If deemed

necessary based on'routine inspections, stormwater discharge .samples may be collected and

analyzed as described .earlier, during or within six hours of a .storm event. The sampling

frequency and list of analytical parameters may be modified with EPA approval, based on

experience and annual evaluations of site data.

3.2.4 Landfill GasJSampling Schedule ..,_,,. .._.,._ .... ..— ..--=,--.

During" placement of the geomembrane, landfill gas will be monitored for both quality

and quantity on a twice daily basis in the monitoring probes surrounding the site and the on-site

vents according to the methods..outlined in Appendix D. Field analytical testing will be utilized

and. correlated with laboratory test results to achieve useful information in real-time. This

monitoring will be performed to evaluate perimeter gas flux surges created by the entrapment

and redirection of gas beneath the geomembrane. Sampling will be conducted once each day

during the early morning, and .also late afternoon, when peak rates are anticipated and the

geomembrane coverage has been_extended for.that.day. During the long-term monitoring phase,

•the probes will be monitored on a quarterly basis according to the sampling and analytical

protocols prescribed in Appendix D. Samples and flux measurements at each of the on-site gasvents. and off-site probes will also be performed immediately after installation to establish

baseline trends, in accordance with the procedure outlined in Appendix D. Subsequent to

construction, monitoring of the gas vents will be on a. quarterly basis in concert with probe

monitoring. _ ...... • - " " . ' '..' -~.".-., ± •"•"-." ..:-:. •-".,, . • - -

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ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER flR3M398

Revision No. 01

4.0 METHODS AND FIELD PROCEDURES

The following sections present the methods and field procedures that will be used to

collect samples from the adjacent stream and wetland and landfill gas. A more detailed

description of the field gas monitoring procedures is presented in Appendix D. In all field

activities, special attention will be given to following decontamination procedures and also the

existing health and safety plan. The methods and procedures in the following sections arepresented in the chronological order in which they will be employed in the field.

4.1 SEDIMENT AND SURFACE WATER SAMPLING

Sediment and surface water samples will be collected from the adjacent stream. All

samples where the water is at least 2 feet deep will be collected from 1 foot above the sediment.

Samples where the water is shallower than 2 feet will be collected at mid depth ofthe pond or

stream. In general, sediment samples will be collected direc tly below and immediately after the

surface water samples.

4.1.1 Surface Water Sampling Equipment

Depending on the site-specific conditions, surface water samples will be collected using

stainless steel beakers, a wheaton surface Water Sampler, or the Bacon Bomb Sampler. Allequipment will be precleaned in the field in accordance with recommended EPA procedures prior

to the collection of each sample to minimize cross contamination.

4.1.1.2 Shallow Water Sampling Procedures

A stainless steel beaker or the Wheaton Surface water sampler will be used to obtain near

shore water samples. Beaker samples will be obtained by dipping the beaker into the water at the

designated location then transferring the collected sample to the appropriate sample container.

The Wheaton Surface water sampler will be used for the hard to reach sample locations. The

sampler is activated by attaching a sample collection bottle to the sampling head. The sample ^^

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collection bottle is then lowered to the desired sampling location and depth. The ring at

the top is then pulled, opening the spring-loaded plunger in the head assembly, and allowing

liquid to flow into the sample collection bottle. When bubbles stop, or the bottle is visibly full,the ring is released and the liquid flow is stopped. The sampler is then lifted, the bottle removedand the contents transferred to appropriate sample containers.

4.1.2 Sediment Sampling

4.1.2.1 Sediment Sampling Equipment

Depending on the site specific conditions and., requirements, sediment samples may be

collected using a stainless steel hand auger sludge sampler, a Wildco stainless steel hand corer,

. or a Ponar dredge. .All equipment will be precleaned in the field in accordance' with

recommended EPA procedures prior to the collection of each sample to minimize cross

contamination.

4.1.1.2 Sediment Sampling Procedures

A stainless steel hand auger or Wildco hand corer will be used to collect the sediment

samples. When using;the _hand auger, the same procedures used for shallow soil sample

collection shall be followed. When using the Wildco hand corer, drive the corer into the

sediments to the desired depth. Retrieve the corer and cap the stainless steel core liner (label

bottom), slide the liner from the core tube and cap the other end (label top). Collect the volatile

sample first then mix the remaining sediments thoroughly in a_ stainless steel mixing bowl before

transferring to appropriate sample containers.

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5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

The major categories of QA/QC to be employed during or following the groundwater ^ *sampling are the following: procedures related to the collection and handling of samples,

including sampling preservation, containers and labeling requirements; chain of custody

documentation, shipping requirements, and sampling records; calibration of direct-read meters

and field instruments; decontamination of equipment and containers; and the frequency ofanalyses for quality control samples such as blanks and duplicates, and data validation. Much of

this information has already been presented in this document, especially where techniques or

methods differ from the current FSP and QAPP protocols (HLA, 1995). Additional details

regarding QA/QC are provided in Appendix C. Appendix D provides details regarding theanalytical method that will be used for quantification of VOCs and methane.

i:\iprojett\bridgesftcommenis\finridsn\alan\sanipp.doc

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER A R 3 I U 0

Revision No. 01

6.0 REFERENCES

Barcelona, M.J., et al., 1994, Reproducible Well-Purging Procedures and VOC. StabilizationCriteria for Groundwater Sampling, Groundwater. Vol. 32 No. 1pp. 12-22.

Harding Lawson Associates, 1995, Draft Field Sampling Plan, Woodlawn Landfill Site, CecilCounty, Maryland, . :

Harding Lawson Associates, 1996, Baseline Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Results, DraftPhase 1 Task 3 Technical Memorandum, Woodlawn Landfill Site, Cecil CountyMaryland, September 19, 1996. ".".".. "."V. V''""~ "~ ~

Harding Lawson Associates, .19Q7J=F_inal. Draft. Baseline Stream Sampling Results Phase 1Task 11 Technical Memorandum, Woodlawn Landfill, Cecil County, Maryland, February5 , 1997. " " - • • • • -

IT Corporation, 1992, Remedial Investigation Including Baseline Risk Assessment) Report,Woodlawn Landfill Site RI/FS, Cecil County, Maryland (Revision 01), October 26, 1992(approved final by EPA 11-30-92).

IT Corporation, 1993, Feasibility Study, Woodlawn Landfill Site RI/FS, Cecil County,Maryland, April 15, 1993 (approved final by EPA 5-4-93).

Lee, M. D., et al, Intrinsic In Situ Anaerobic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents at anIndustrial Landfill, from Intrinsic Bioremediation, Lee et al.

Lyngkilde, J., et al., 1992,_Redox Zones of a Landfill Leachate Pollution Plume (Vejen,Denmark), Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 10, p.p. 273-289.

MacFarlane, I. D., et al, 1995, Demonstrating the Feasibility of Intrinsic Bioremediation at aFormer Manufactured Gas Plant, Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation ofGroundwater, August 30 - September 1, 1994.

McCarty, P., 1996, Biotic and Abiotic Transformations of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater,.Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in Groundwater, EPA,September 11-13, Dallas, Texas.

Piontek, K., et al, 1995, An Evaluation of Field Methods for Intrinsic BioremediationMeasurements, Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Groundwater - Proceedings, API/ prior tosampling, December, 1995, Houston, Texas, pp.-16.

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER fl R 3 I U 0 2

Revision No. 016-2

United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1992, RCRA Groundwater Monitoring: DraftTechnical Guidance, EPA/530-R-93-001.

Wiedemeier, Todd H., et al, 1996, Draft - Revision No. 1, Technical Protocol for EvaluatingNatural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater, USEPA, Air Force Centerfor Environmental Excellence.

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER 1 R 3 I U 0 3

of 1

Table H-l Laboratory Analyses, Methods, and Data Quality Objectives Woodlawn Landfill Site,Cecil County, Maryland.

Media

Surface Water

Sediment

t

Analyses" ._" . -: -. •=-.-'

" TCLVDCs" ," :-,.".:;;* "- -TAL MetalsTCLSVOCs "~"\ '-' "TCL Pesticides/PCBsTotal organic carbonBiological oxygen, demand .Chemical oxygen demandTotal dissolved solidsTotal suspended solidsAlkalinityHardness . ,.- -,- --,. - .-•'-Nitrate/nitrite

TCL VOCs ;. ' ,.'~"\" -•'.-•---"TCLSVOCS".:' "z:"-."/:"-'..TAL Metals " . ' -TCL Pesticides '.-."'Organophosphorus pesticides

=• Method Reference

— -CLPOLM02.1CLPOLM02,I_. _ ......Cl3"QLM02.1

"=" CLPOLM02.1;.-- Method 415.1

Method 405.1Method 4 10.1Method 1 60.1 .

"'Method 160.2Method 310.1.Method 130,2. Method 353 .2-'_ . ,: -

—— CLP QLM.02,0. „._, . ."••"'-"CLPOLMOib

1LM04.0 . .._..,. ..CLPOLM02.0 !

. Method 3540 or 3550

Number ofSample per Event

5

5

_.._.(prep)/814lChlorinated herbicdes - - Method 81'50/see Section 7 of

.method forr prep. "Carbamate Pesticides " " "/ • "Method 8318/see Section 7 of

method for prep.Total organic carbon Lloyd Kahn _ .Oxidation/reduction potential . ASTM D142 8pH •. . . Method.904,5. - .-. .Conductivity '_ .. . • Mod. EPA Method 120.1

Landfill Gas" ,, .,' " - - - . ..- .-o i MethaneSamples -rr-T-x/^^--' - - - - - - . . - - :1CL VOCs ...... ~ .- ----- ... :-- OnsiteGC w/QCLandfill Gas VOCs -:::: - 3 :.._:.;.__ :. , -,-:\ USEPA MethodTp-i4Static " '"" ~ " ~ '~' ' *"" ""^' -•*•-—•••-*—"—-Test ----------- -- =-- -:--^--- T. ..-..,... ,.,„,___.

References: ~ -•. ::' • ~-~^~ ~~- - -' " - -~ -"- -'-

, Contract Labomtory:PrQ_grarri;&atw_erittfUSEPA, 1992, Superfund Analysis ~Methods~for Low Concentration Water Organic AnalysisUSEPA, 1986, Test Methods for Evaluating. Solid WasteUSEPA, 1983, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste

g:\aproject\bfidgMnreports\final2\samtbl.doc

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER « R 3 I I 4 0

Page I of I

Table H-2 Field Parameters To Be Measured During Sampling "Activities "Woodlawn Landfill Site,Cecil County, Maryland

Activity Parameters

Surface-Water Sampling - weekly pH, Temperature, Conductivity, DissolvedOxygen, Oxidation/Reduction Potential,Turbidity, and Flow Rate

Sediment Sampling Color

Soil Sampling Color

Static Landfill Gas Percent Methane, Percent Oxygen, PercentCarbon Dioxide, Temperature

Landfill Gas Flow _ Percent Methane, Percent Oxygen, PercentCarbon Dioxide, Temperature

ARCADIS GERAGHTY&MILLER AR3IU05

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