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Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Performance Simulations
by Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis,
Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
National Technical University of Athens
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Motivation
2
The Open Rotor configuration enables ultra-high bypass ratio and high propulsive efficiency thus reducing fuel burn and emissions compared to an equivalent thrust turbofan
For open rotor preliminary design performance evaluations, 0-D cycle models are needed employing CRP performance maps for robustness and fast execution
Currently in the public literature, CRP performance models do not accurately represent the physics of a CRP system and or do not account for all the independent parameters that govern the operation of the CRP system
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Objectives
3
Develop a methodology for modelling contra-rotating propellers (CRP) for engine performance calculations: 1. Generate CRP performance characteristics taking into
account the effects of induced velocities, flight Mach number, speed ratio and blade pitch angles
2. Develop a mathematical model for CRP that uses these characteristics
3. Integrate the CRP component in an open rotor engine performance model and perform design and off-design simulations
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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4
FREE-WAKE LIFTING SURFACE MODEL o Theoretical Background o Implementation o Indicative Results
CRP PERFORMANCE MODEL o Simulation Environment - PROOSIS o CRP Performance Maps o CRP PROOSIS Component
CROR ENGINE MODEL
ENGINE CONTROL STUDIES
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style
5
FREE-WAKE LIFTING SURFACE MODEL o Theoretical Background o Implementation o Indicative Results
CRP PERFORMANCE MODEL o Simulation Environment - PROOSIS o CRP Performance Maps o CRP PROOSIS Component
CROR ENGINE MODEL
ENGINE CONTROL STUDIES
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Free-Wake Lifting Surface Model - GENUVP
6
The in house code GENUVP is a potential flow solver combining a panel representation of the solid boundaries (blades) with a vortex particle representation of the wake.
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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psi
87%
CN
0 90 180 270 3600
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
GENUVPMeasurements
6deg, descent 33m/s, MR, r/R=0.87
GENUVP Application Examples
7
Aeroelastic analysis of Helicopter rotor Wind turbine aeroelastic simulation
GENUVP is used in the aerodynamic analysis of rotor/wing problems
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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8
CRP Geometry in GENUVP (based on SR-7A)
00.1
0.20.3
-0.2-0.1
00.1
0.2
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
-0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Single Propeller Wake – Panoramic View
9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-0.20
0.2
-0.2
0
0.2
y [m] z [m]
x [m]
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style SP Power Coefficient: M=0.7
10
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
CP
J
β=63.3⁰
β=60.2⁰
β=57.7⁰
Curves → Experimental Points → Predicted
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style SP Thrust Coefficient: M=0.7
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
CT
J
β=63.3⁰β=60.2⁰
β=57.7⁰
Curves → Experimental Points → Predicted
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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00.2
0.40.6
0.81
1.21.4
-0.2
0
0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
CR Propeller Wake – Panoramic View
12
y [m]
z [m]
x [m]
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style CR Propeller Wake – Meridional View
13
y [m]
z [m]
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Radial distribution of incidence angle
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-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Inci
denc
e
r/R
SPFPBP
β1=β2=57.7º M=0.6 J=3.0 NR=1
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Radial distribution of Helical Mach number
15
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Hel
lical
Mac
h nu
mbe
r
r/R
SP
FP
BP
β1=β2=57.7º M=0.6 J=3.0 NR=1
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Radial distribution of Induced Axial Velocity
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Indu
ced
Axi
al V
eloc
ity [m
/s]
r/R
SPFPBP
β1=β2=57.7º M=0.6 J=3.0 NR=1
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Radial distribution of Induced Angular Velocity
17
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Indu
ced
Ang
ulal
Vel
ocity
[rad
/s]
r/R
SPFPBP
β1=β2=57.7º M=0.6 J=3.0 NR=1
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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18
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4 4.4 4.8
CP
J
SP, 63.3º
SP, 57.7º
CRP Power Coefficient: M=0.7, NR=1
FP : Front Propeller BP : Back Propeller SP : Single Propeller
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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19
CRP Thrust Coefficient: M=0.7, NR=1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4 4.4 4.8
CT
J
SP, 57.7º
SP, 63.3º
FP : Front Propeller BP : Back Propeller SP : Single Propeller
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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20
FREE-WAKE LIFTING SURFACE MODEL o Theoretical Background o Implementation o Indicative Results
CRP PERFORMANCE MODEL o Simulation Environment - PROOSIS o CRP Performance Maps o CRP PROOSIS Component
CROR ENGINE MODEL
ENGINE CONTROL STUDIES
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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Object-Oriented Steady State Transient Mixed-Fidelity Multi-Disciplinary Distributed Multi-point Design Off-Design Test Analysis Diagnostics Parametric Sensitivity Optimisation Deck Generation
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Simulation Platform
PROOSIS (PRopulsion Object-Oriented SImulation Software)
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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Model Construction
Compressor BETA map
TURBO library of Gas Turbine Engine Components
Engine configuration constructed graphically
Turbine ZETA map
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Generation of Propeller Maps
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M → 0.45, 0.60, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90 NR → 0.95, 1.00, 1.05 β1 → 57.7º, 63.3º β2 → 54.7º/57.7º (β1=57.7º) & 60.3º/63.3º (β1=63.3º)
× 3 J = 252 GENUVP runs
PROOSIS Propeller
Map
CP (BETA, β) CT (BETA, β) J (BETA, β)
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style CRP Propeller Map Reading
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CP_1_3_3_2 (BETA, β2) CT_1_3_3_2 (BETA, β2) J_1_3_3_2 (BETA, β2)
Μ NR β1 # CP (M NR, β1) CT (M NR, β1) J (M NR, β1)
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style PROOSIS CRP Component
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CRP Map file Front & Back Propeller Diameters CRP system inertia β1, β2 Flight Conditions: Pamb, Tamb, WAR, M N1, N2 BETA NR J, CP, CT (BETA, M, NR, β1, β2) Thrust, Power, Efficiency
DATA
CONTROL
BOUNDS
CALCULATED
ALGEBRAIC
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Contra-Rotating Turbine Modelling
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1 0.82 0.64
eff = 0.9
NR = 0.9
1 0.82 0.64
eff = 0.9
NR = 1.0
1 0.82 0.64
eff = 0.9
NR = 1.1
DP
Speed ratio NR = N1 / N2 Torque ratio trqR = trq1 / trq2
Shaft-1 Shaft-2
Wc (NR, NcRdes, ZETA) eff (NR, NcRdes, ZETA) trqR (NR, NcRdes, ZETA)
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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27
FREE-WAKE LIFTING SURFACE MODEL o Theoretical Background o Implementation o Indicative Results
CRP PERFORMANCE MODEL o Simulation Environment - PROOSIS o CRP Performance Maps o CRP PROOSIS Component
CROR ENGINE MODEL
ENGINE CONTROL STUDIES
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style CROR Engine PROOSIS Model
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Dt1 [m] 3.56 Dt2 [m] 3.39 β1 [º] 59 β2 [º] 59
effP1 [-] 0.77 effP2 [-] 0.85 N1 [rpm] 1275 Dh/Dt1 [-] 0.425
eff [-] 0.91 power ratio 1
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Design Point Definition (ToC)
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Component Parameter [units] Value
InEng W [kg/s] 17.5
CmpL PR [-] 4.16
eff [-] 0.88
CmpH PR [-] 4.46
eff [-] 0.87
Brn
TET [K] 1500
effB [-] 0.995
Pressure loss [%] 6
TrbH eff [-] 0.843
TrbL eff [-] 0.87
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Design Point Results
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Parameter [units] Value Front propeller thrust [kN] 10.55 Back propeller thrust [kN] 11.65
Nozzle Thrust [kN] 1.05 Net Thrust [kN] 23.3
Specific Fuel Consumption [g/(kN∙s)] 14.4 Nozzle pressure ratio [-] 1.22 Propeller speed ratio [-] 1.02 Propeller torque ratio [-] 0.977
J1 [-] | J2 [-] 2.9 | 3.1 CP1 [-] | CP2 [-] 1.6 | 2.2 CT1 [-] | CT2 [-] 0.43 | 0.60
CRT PR 4.95
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style OD Performance for Different Blade Settings
31
β1=β2=62° β1=62°, β2=60°
β1=β2=59°
β1=59°, β2=57°
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Operating line on CRP map
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NR=0.95 NR=1.0 NR=1.05
WF increases
β1=β2=59°
M=0.72
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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33
FREE-WAKE LIFTING SURFACE MODEL o Theoretical Background o Implementation o Indicative Results
CRP PERFORMANCE MODEL o Simulation Environment - PROOSIS o CRP Performance Maps o CRP PROOSIS Component
CROR ENGINE MODEL
ENGINE CONTROL STUDIES
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style OD Performance for Different Control Strategies
34
Constant Torque Split
Constant Propeller Speeds
Constant Blade Angle = 59°
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Propeller Blade Angle Variation
35
Constant Torque Split
Constant Propeller Speeds
β1
β1
β2
β2
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Propeller Speed Variation
36
Constant Torque Split
Constant Blade Angle
N1
N1
N2
N2
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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37
Operating lines on CRT map
Constant Torque Split
Constant Propeller Speeds
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
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38
Operating line on CRP map
β1=β2=57.7°
β1=β2=63.3°
β1=β2 M=0.72
NR=1.02
WF increases
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style
39
FREE-WAKE LIFTING SURFACE MODEL o Theoretical Background o Implementation o Indicative Results
CRP PERFORMANCE MODEL o Simulation Environment - PROOSIS o CRP Performance Maps o CRP PROOSIS Component
CROR ENGINE MODEL
ENGINE CONTROL STUDIES
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Contents
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Summary & Conclusions
40
An approach to contra-rotating propeller performance modelling has been presented, based on a set of individual propeller maps generated by a free-wake lifting surface model of a specific CRP system for different values of Mach number, speed ratio and blade pitch angles.
A dedicated CRP component model is developed in an engine performance simulation environment that uses these maps to calculate CRP performance.
This CRP component is used to create a direct-drive open rotor engine performance model. The capabilities of the approach are demonstrated through design point and off-design engine studies while its flexibility is exemplified with a study of the effects of propeller blade control strategy on engine performance.
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Summary & Conclusions
41
The accuracy of the presented approach can be further improved through:
o more accurate values of the aerodynamic coefficients (CL and CD) and
o extending the range of parameters simulated through the lifting surface model in order to reduce map interpolation and extrapolation errors.
Significant computer time savings could be achieved through:
o the use of a particle mesh approach for the far wake part downstream of the BP
o code optimization and parallelization
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style Summary & Conclusions
42
The CRP component developed can be used to study both DDOR and GOR configurations and is suitable for a variety of performance calculations at component, engine or aircraft mission analysis level.
Using the lifting surface model, maps for different combinations of propeller designs can be generated thus enabling multi-disciplinary design optimization studies.
Direct integration of GENUVP in PROOSIS as an external object will offer an advantage to the map approach both in terms of execution speed as well as modelling accuracy.
Contra-Rotating Propeller Modelling For Open Rotor Engine Performance Simulations Alexiou, Frantzis, Aretakis, Riziotis, Roumeliotis, Mathioudakis
Click to edit Master title style
43
감사합니다
THANK YOU