Continuing from last time: Receptors

2 types of acetylcholinereceptors:

2 types of glutamate receptors

same liganddifferent response

Explain response

Adapted from fig 21-40

Non-NMDA

Glutamate

NMDANa+ Na+

Na+ Na+

Mg++

Removal of Mg++

Na+

Ca++

Na+

Ca++

Coincidence detector

Moving On:

Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter receptors

Soluble Transmembrane

Synaptic signaling requires protein receptorsand peptide- derived signals

How do you make a protein?How do you get a protein where it needs to be?

Questions

What is the central dogma?

How would a neuropeptide get made (in general terms)?

What are the basic parts of DNA, RNA, and proteins?

What is the difference between hnRNA, mRNA and

tRNA?

Part I: soluble neuropeptide –From DNA to protein

Synthesis overview

What carries the information?

Polymerization of nucleotides

Genes

‘ The entire nucleic acid sequence necessary for thesynthesis of a functional polypeptide’

MCB, p285

Components of a Eukaryotic Gene

What are the ‘parts’ or regions of a gene?How are they organized?

Do genes always encode RNAs?

Do genes always encode RNAs that encode proteins?

Questions

How does RNA polymerase work and what does it make? How does it know where to start and stop? How does a ribosome work and what does it make? How does it know where to start and stop? If the DNA in every cell in your body is the

same why don't your adipose (fat) cells secrete epinephrine?

If the DNA contains all of the information why doesn't the ribosome just 'read' it?

Why have intermediate steps?

Looking at RNA ECB2 7.1

Making a cytosolic protein: Step 1--transcribe

Genes encode proteins

Why use an RNA step?

Major steps in process: Initiation, Elongation and Termination animation

Initiation

DNA-RNA interactionsDNA Template strand Complementary RNA strand

DNA/RNAHybrid

Adapted from Life; Purves 6thed

WatchingTranscriptionEBC2 7.2

http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.htmlhttp://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf

Check out

Synthesis overview

And then there was:

a)Processing

b)Translation