contextualization of open educational resources in asia and europe
DESCRIPTION
The presentation shows current developments of OER in Europe and Asia - starting with barriers and analysis of the current status, we realized three case studies, looking at OER in Finland, Malaysia and Philippines. The results lead to 10 main recommendations to achieve successful, cross-border collaborations for learning and teaching using OER.TRANSCRIPT
Contextualization of Open Educational Resources in Asia
and Europe
Jan M. Pawlowski, Henri Pirkkalainen, Juvy Lizette Gervacio, Norazah Nordin,
Mohamed Amin Embi
#easemBangkok, 19.12.2013
Jyväskylä, Finland
Source: [http://www.jyu.fi/, http://www.jyvaskyla.fi/]
Global Information Systemsat the University of Jyväskylä
Focus areasGlobal Information SystemsSupporting globally distributed workgroupsOpen Educational ResourcesReference Modeling
E-LearningSupporting international education settingsCultural adaptationStandardization & Quality Management Mobile & Ambient LearningInnovative tools and solutions
ProjectsOpen Educational Ideas and Innovations (OEI2)Nordic Open Education AllianceOpenDiscoverySpace: OER for Schools OpenScout: OER for ManagementTELMAP: Technology ForecastingCOSMOS: Open Science Resources: Exchange of Scientific ContentASPECT: Open Content and standards for schoolsiCOPER: New standards for educational technologies
Open X…
Type Typical Shared Artifacts
OER Learning Objects, Slide sets, simulations, animations
OEP Learning designs, curricula, lesson plans, experiences
Open Access Articles, textbooks
Open Source Authoring tools, LMS
Assets Pictures, illustrations, texts
OEI Oral conversations
Barriers (Pirkkalainen & Pawlowski, 2013)
Lack of resources for sustaining services, content and infrastructuresLack of time for production and localization of OERFor sharing OER, Need for Rewards and Acknowledgement.Lack of business model for open content initiativesToo many resources to choose fromHard to find suitable material – where to look fromLack of knowledge and awareness of open contentLack of knowledge and awareness of learning object repositoriesLack of contextual information for the resources – how can be used or modifiedDifficulty level of content – found materials not suitable for specific studentsOpen content do not fit the scope of the courseGranularity of the materialsMatching the resources to own curricula is problematicThe effective use of OER is quite complicated and unclear
…lots of things can go wrong…
Contextualization / Adaptation
Content – language and cultural changes such as translation– exchange of culture-specific concepts, names, date and time formats.
Curriculum, pedagogy and didactics– curriculum fit– teaching and learning methods
Interaction and communication– interaction patterns and communications – culture specific communication preferences – adaptation of communication tools
Media and design– media and design to organization’s identity (e.g. adapting layouts, logos,
templates)– cultural preferences such as colors or symbols / icons – changes of devices (e.g. from desktop applications to mobile app design).
Technical– infrastructure and tools (such as LMS, authoring systems, communication or
social software tools)– different networking capabilities (e.g. broadband)
Cultural (horizontal category)– all change aspects are mainly based on (geographical and organizational)
cultural factors
IssuesOER re-use is not yet common practice, in particular not in cross-border contexts
Not-invented-here syndrome: If I have not created / spent efforts / reviewed it myself, it can’t be good
Massive Open Online Colonialism…
Lack of appreciation and recognition in the community
Sharing complete resources might not be the solution…
What are solutions for cross-border collaboration and mutual (!) synergies?
CasesFinland: Open Educational Ideas– Focus on the sharing process
Philippines: University of the Philippines’ Open University – Focus on policy / strategy and experiences
Malaysia: OER in Malaysia– Good practices from Malaysia
Case structure– Motivation and context: Why is the case
relevant? What is the setting of the case?– Case description: Short description of the
adaptation and contextualization – Case results: What was achieved, what are the
key results?– Barriers and Critical success factors
Finland: Open Educational Ideas and Emotional Ownership
“the degree that individuals orgroups perceive that knowledge or resources belong to them”
Theoretical background:– Wabi-Sabi principle (Treviranus,
2011): Designing the imperfect to allow creation processes
– From Open Content to Open Thinking (deLiddo, 2010)
Imperfect Design
OER
Finland: Revising the Sharing Process - OEI Lifecycle
Finland: OEI Artifacts
Type Typical Shared Artifacts OEI Artifacts
OEI Oral conversations Ideas, innovations, needs / requirements (to develop educational material)
OER Learning Objects, Slide sets, simulations, animations
Early stage digital objects, draft versions, course outlines
OEP Learning designs, curricula, lesson plans, experiences
Didactic / lesson plans, new curricula, experience requests
Open Access Articles, textbooks Position papers, book outlines, drafts
Open Source Authoring tools, LMS Prototypes
Assets Pictures, illustrations, texts Sketches, drafts
Philippines: Resource Based Content Package
Four parameters of openness: OER, open admissions, open curricula, and distance education at a scalePositioned to lead in the OER movementResource Based Content Package – detailed study guide, to both on-line and off-line
resources considered to be the core set of materials for a course (instead of one textbook)
– resources may contain commentaries, detailed explanations, and examples, as well as self-assessment questions and activities
Resource examples– web-based publications and digital materials
such as podcasts, webcasts, as well as features of Web 2.0 like blogs, wikis, shareware, and virtual communities.
Philippines: Key Issues and ChallengesPolicy level – Lacking policy on OERs– IPR Issues (protection vs freedom)– constant discussion and articulation on the relevance of OERs
could lead to the creation of a policy Resource Constraints – regular appropriation from the government– need to update and acquire equipment and software as well as
improve interconnectivityCapacity Building for RBCP – need to create awareness on OERs and the RBCP– How to customize OER
Quality Assurance – design a mechanism to ensure quality of OERs.
Co-sharing of materials with Institutional Partners– Good basis through institutional partners locally and globally– Exploration of co-development of OERs that can be shared
Course Evaluation – need to review OER utilization and customization in the RBCP
approach
Malaysia: OER initiatives
Aiming at being a leading country on OEREmbracing the willingness to create, innovate and share Initiatives– Wawasan Open University & OER Asia– Open University of Malaysia – University Teknologi Malaysia Open
CourseWare– International Medical University (IMU) Webinar
Learning Series– Web 2.0 OER – Just-in-time Training 2U (JiT2U)– ZaidLearn– Learning Innovation Circle (LIC)
More in the next presentation
Summary: Lessons learned from the case studies
Integration of OER with existing initiatives– A variety of initiatives has already been develop– Integration need into broader OER adoption.
Policy support – needed on a national level as well as in university
strategies– indication that Asian universities have OER higher
on the agenda than universities in EuropeCapacity and awareness building – Stakeholders in all countries need to be informed
and educatedCross-border collaboration – mainly on a regional level– No broad initiatives exist – Strong need to collaborate globally!
Summary: Lessons learned from the case studies
Quality assurance – Resources and courses need to be quality assured taking the
different country- and organizational requirements into accountInstitutional partnerships – Supporting the utilization of OER– Existing and new partnerships should include OER as a means
for collaborationEarly sharing– Idea sharing is a promising concept towards the collaborative
development of OER– Not only OER should be shared but also OEI and OEP to share
in all parts of the lifecycleCollaboration processes and tools – necessary to facilitate cross-border collaborations and OER
development– ease adaptation and in particular translation as well as cultural
processes– Integrate standard tools allowing simple collaborative
development and adaptation
OutlookFirst explorative, cross-country study between Asia and Europe
Continue on the experiences, everyone can and will learn
Expand research on cultural aspects
Model a reference process for global OER collaboration (around the OEI model?)
Continue to build partnership in e-ASEM but create clear actions for collaboration!
Contact us…
Prof. Dr. Jan M. [email protected]
GLIS on the web…
http://users.jyu.fi/~japawlow
Nordic OER OpenDiscoverySpace
http://nordicoer.org http://www.opendiscoveryspace.eu