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UNIT 1 COMMON NOUNS AND PROPER NOUNS .......................................................... 1EXERCISE 1 ...................................................................................................................... 4
UNIT 2 COUNTABLE NOUNS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ....................................... 7EXERCISE 2 .................................................................................................................... 11
UNIT 3 SINGULAR NOUNS AND PLURAL NOUNS ...................................................... 13EXERCISE 3 .................................................................................................................... 19
UNIT 4 COLLECTIVE NOUNS AND ABSTRACT NOUNS ............................................. 21EXERCISE 4 .................................................................................................................... 23
UNIT 5 POSSESSIVE NOUNS ( THE APOSTROPHE ) ................................................. 25EXERCISE 5 .................................................................................................................... 27
UNIT 6 PERSONAL PRONOUNS .................................................................................... 29EXERCISE 6 .................................................................................................................... 32
UNIT 7 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS ................................................................................ 35EXERCISE 7 .................................................................................................................... 38
UNIT 8 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS ........................................................................ 41EXERCISE 8 .................................................................................................................... 43
UNIT 9 REFLEXIVE AND EMPHATIC PRONOUNS ....................................................... 45EXERCISE 9 .................................................................................................................... 47
UNIT 10 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS .......................................................................... 48EXERCISE 10 .................................................................................................................... 50
UNIT 11 RELATIVE PRONOUNS ...................................................................................... 52EXERCISE 11 .................................................................................................................... 55
UNIT 12 THE VERB ‘TO BE' ............................................................................................ 57EXERCISE 12 .................................................................................................................... 59
UNIT 13 THE VERB ‘TO HAVE' ....................................................................................... 60EXERCISE 13 .................................................................................................................... 62
UNIT 14 IMPERATIVE VERBS .......................................................................................... 64EXERCISE 14 .................................................................................................................... 66
UNIT 15 VERB FORMS: INFINITIVES ............................................................................. 67EXERCISE 15 .................................................................................................................... 69
CONTENTS
UNIT 16 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS ...................................................... 71EXERCISE 16 .................................................................................................................... 73
UNIT 17 THE PRESENT TENSE ....................................................................................... 74EXERCISE 17 .................................................................................................................... 78
UNIT 18 THE PAST TENSE ............................................................................................... 81EXERCISE 18 .................................................................................................................... 86
UNIT 19 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS ............................................................... 90EXERCISE 19 .................................................................................................................... 94
UNIT 20 THE FUTURE TENSE .......................................................................................... 95EXERCISE 20 .................................................................................................................... 99
UNIT 21 PARTICIPLES ................................................................................................... 103EXERCISE 21 .................................................................................................................. 105
UNIT 22 ADJECTIVES .................................................................................................... 108EXERCISE 22 .................................................................................................................. 111
UNIT 23 ADVERBS .......................................................................................................... 113EXERCISE 23 .................................................................................................................. 118
UNIT 24 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES .................................................................... 120EXERCISE 24 .................................................................................................................. 124
UNIT 25 COMPARISON OF ADVERBS .......................................................................... 126EXERCISE 25 .................................................................................................................. 131
UNIT 26 NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES .................................................................... 133EXERCISE 26 .................................................................................................................. 134
UNIT 27 WORDS USED AS NOUNS OR VERBS ........................................................... 136EXERCISE 27 .................................................................................................................. 138
UNIT 28 NOUN PHRASES ............................................................................................... 140EXERCISE 28 .................................................................................................................. 141
UNIT 29 ADJECTIVAL PHRASES .................................................................................. 144EXERCISE 29 .................................................................................................................. 146
UNIT 30 ARTICLES ......................................................................................................... 149EXERCISE 30 .................................................................................................................. 154
UNIT 31 ADVERBIAL PHRASES .................................................................................... 156EXERCISE 31 .................................................................................................................. 161
UNIT 32 PREPOSITIONS ................................................................................................ 163EXERCISE 32 .................................................................................................................. 166
UNIT 33 CONJUNCTIONS .............................................................................................. 168EXERCISE 33 .................................................................................................................. 171
UNIT 34 PUNCTUATION ................................................................................................. 174EXERCISE 34 .................................................................................................................. 181
UNIT 35 QUESTION WORDS .......................................................................................... 183EXERCISE 35 .................................................................................................................. 185
UNIT 36 QUANTIFIERS ................................................................................................... 186EXERCISE 36 .................................................................................................................. 190
UNIT 37 GENDER ............................................................................................................ 192EXERCISE 37 .................................................................................................................. 195
UNIT 38 SHORT ANSWERS AND REPLIES ................................................................. 198EXERCISE 38 .................................................................................................................. 200
UNIT 39 SHORT FORMS ................................................................................................. 202EXERCISE 39 .................................................................................................................. 203
UNIT 40 GERUNDS .......................................................................................................... 207EXERCISE 40 .................................................................................................................. 208
UNIT 41 MODALS ............................................................................................................ 210EXERCISE 41 .................................................................................................................. 215
UNIT 42 SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT ............................................................... 217EXERCISE 42 .................................................................................................................. 223
UNIT 43 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ................................................................... 225EXERCISE 43 .................................................................................................................. 230
UNIT 44 PHRASAL VERBS ............................................................................................. 232EXERCISE 44 .................................................................................................................. 235
UNIT 45 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE ........................................................................ 237EXERCISE 45 .................................................................................................................. 240
UNIT 46 ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES .................................................................................. 243EXERCISE 46 .................................................................................................................. 245
UNIT 47 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES .................................................................................... 248EXERCISE 47 .................................................................................................................. 251
UNIT 48 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ........................................................................... 253EXERCISE 48 .................................................................................................................. 255
ENRICHMENT 1 ............................................................................................................... 257
ENRICHMENT 2 ............................................................................................................... 260
ENRICHMENT 3 ............................................................................................................... 262
ENRICHMENT 4 ............................................................................................................... 265
ENRICHMENT 5 ............................................................................................................... 268
ENRICHMENT 6 ............................................................................................................... 272
ENRICHMENT 7 ............................................................................................................... 275
ENRICHMENT 8 ............................................................................................................... 279
ENRICHMENT 9 ............................................................................................................... 282
ENRICHMENT 10 ............................................................................................................... 285
ENRICHMENT 11 ............................................................................................................... 289
ENRICHMENT 12 ............................................................................................................... 292
ENRICHMENT 13 ............................................................................................................... 296
ENRICHMENT 14 ............................................................................................................... 299
ENRICHMENT 15 ............................................................................................................... 303
ENRICHMENT 16 ............................................................................................................... 305
ENRICHMENT 17 ............................................................................................................... 308
ENRICHMENT 18 ............................................................................................................... 312
ENRICHMENT 19 ............................................................................................................... 315
ENRICHMENT 20 ............................................................................................................... 320
ENRICHMENT 21 ............................................................................................................... 324
ENRICHMENT 22 ............................................................................................................... 328
ENRICHMENT 23 ............................................................................................................... 332
ENRICHMENT 24 ............................................................................................................... 335
ENRICHMENT 25 ............................................................................................................... 339
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................. 343Appendix 1 Comparison Of Adjectives .............................................................................. 343Appendix 2 Comparison Of Adverbs ................................................................................. 351Appendix 3 Irregular Verbs ................................................................................................ 354Appendix 4 Word Forms ................................................................................................... 359Appendix 5 Phrasal Verbs ................................................................................................. 364Appendix 6 Contractions ................................................................................................... 370
ANSWERS .................................................................................................................. 371
Unit 1 Common Nouns And Proper Nouns
1
A noun is the name of a person, animal, thing or place.
These are the different types of nouns: common, proper, countable, uncountable, singular, plural, collective, abstract, possessive.
Look at the pictures below. Read the words.
1. Singapore is an island near the Equator.
2. Pussy is my pet cat.
3. My brother, John, has a parrot.
4. There is a shady tree near the school.
NOUN
Common Nouns And Proper Nouns1Unit
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Unit 1 Common Nouns And Proper Nouns
2
Can you pick out the proper nouns?
They are ‘Singapore’, ‘Equator’, ‘Pussy’ and ‘John’.
Proper nouns also include the following:
(1) Days of the week ( e.g. Monday )
(2) Months of the year ( e.g. May )
(3) Public holidays ( e.g. National Day )
(4) Nationalities ( e.g. German )
(5) Languages ( e.g. French )
More examples:
1. China is a big country. ( proper ) ( common )
2. Mary and I went to the theatre. ( proper ) ( common )
3. Mrs Lee was pleased to see her granddaughters. ( proper ) ( common )
4. Tom often drinks coffee without sugar. ( proper ) ( common ) ( common )
Proper nouns are special names for people, places, animals and things.Proper nouns begin with a capital letter.
PROPER NOUNS
COMMON NOUNS
Can you pick out the common nouns?They are ‘island', ‘cat', ‘brother', ‘parrot', ‘tree' and ‘school'.
Common nouns are general names for people, places, animals and things.
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Unit 1 Common Nouns And Proper Nouns
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5. Bees produce honey for us. ( common ) ( common )
6. Singapore is a small country. ( proper ) ( common )
7. Mr Smith is my teacher. ( proper ) ( common )
8. Mr Thomas is our principal. ( proper ) ( common )
9. Jane and I went to the library yesterday. ( proper ) ( common )
10. Snow White lived in a little cottage with seven dwarfs. ( proper ) ( common ) ( common )
11. Mr Hill told us an interesting story. ( proper ) ( common )
12. It rains frequently in December and January. ( proper ) ( proper )
13. Mary left her books in her room. ( proper ) ( common ) ( common )
14. Tom gave me a basketball. ( proper ) ( common )
15. Mr James teaches English in school. ( proper ) ( proper ) ( common )
16. The National Museum is down the road. ( proper ) ( common )
17. The queen lives in Buckingham Palace. ( common ) ( proper )
18. The plane is approaching London Airport. ( common ) ( proper )
19. Those tourists are from Japan. ( common ) ( proper )
20. Dr Brown works in a big hospital. ( proper ) ( common )
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Unit 1 Common Nouns And Proper Nouns
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(A) Write down the common nouns and proper nouns in the following
sentences.
1. Mr Cohen is an engineer. He was born in London.
(a) Common noun(s) :
(b) Proper noun(s) :
2. James bought a puppy. He named it Rover.
(a) Common noun(s) :
(b) Proper noun(s) :
3. China is a very big country. It has many unusual plants and animals.
(a) Common noun(s) :
(b) Proper noun(s) :
4. My friend goes to a famous school. It is at Princess Road.
(a) Common noun(s) :
(b) Proper noun(s) :
5. February is the shortest month of the year. It usually has twenty-eight days.
(a) Common noun(s) :
(b) Proper noun(s) :
EXERCISE 1
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Unit 2 Countable Nouns And Uncountable Nouns
7
Look at the pictures below. Read the words.
Can we count ‘chicks', ‘boys' and ‘watches'? Yes, we can.
Can we count ‘jam', ‘milk' and ‘water'? No, we can’t.
water
chicks boys watches
jam milk
Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.
Certain quantifiers are used with countable nouns. They are ‘some', ‘many', ‘a few', ‘a lot of', ‘plenty of' and ‘several'.
Singular countable nouns cannot be used alone. We have to put ‘a' or ‘an'
before the noun.
We put ‘a' if the noun begins with a consonant sound and ‘an' if it begins with a vowel sound.
Jruit Jam
Countable Nouns And Uncountable Nouns2Unit
COUNTABLE NOUNS
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Unit 2 Countable Nouns And Uncountable Nouns
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Examples:
a handphone an aeroplane
a few coins several kittens
some singers many birds
a lot of ants plenty of flowers
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Unit 2 Countable Nouns And Uncountable Nouns
11
(A) Put the following nouns in the proper columns.
glue grass goose truck penguin cobra flour dust fireman pet banana oil gas powder coffee salt rain hospital doctor nurse
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
1. 11.
2. 12.
3. 13.
4. 14.
5. 15.
6. 16.
7. 17.
8. 18.
9. 19.
10. 20.
EXERCISE 2
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343
(a) The comparative and superlative are formed by adding ‘er' and ‘est'
respectively:
Positive Comparative Superlative
A able abler / more able ablest / most able B bald balder baldest bare barer barest big bigger biggest black blacker blackest blue bluer bluest bold bolder boldest brave braver bravest brief briefer briefest bright brighter brightest broad broader broadest C calm calmer calmest cheap cheaper cheapest clean cleaner cleanest clear clearer clearest clever cleverer cleverest close closer closest coarse coarser coarsest cold colder coldest cool cooler coolest D dark darker darkest dear dearer dearest deep deeper deepest dim dimmer dimmest dull duller dullest dumb dumber dumbest E eerie eerier eeriest
Comparison Of Adjectives1APPENDIX
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