contents · formation of a hybrid geoid undulation model in israel. ... during the last few years...
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Contents:
Ronen Regev, Director General 3
Forward
Yaron Felus, Chief Scientist 4
From Data Measurement to knowledge Management
Garry Zalmanson, Raz Sharon, Matan Weissbuch 7
(SOI supervisor - Eran Keinan & Moshe Benhamo)
Suitability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle technologies for topographic mapping
according to the Israeli surveying regulations
Sagi Dalyot, Eitan Sela 9
(SOI supervisor - Eran Keinan, Dr. Bashir Haj-Yehia & Iris Zilber)
Evaluation of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Technology for Classification of General Land Cover, and Evaluation of its Physiological State Using High Resolution Multispectral and NIR Digital Aerial Photography.
Ofer Zilberstein 11
(SOI supervisor - Eran Keinan & Moshe Benhamo)
Suitability of advanced procedures and technologies for change detection for
updating the National Topographic Data Base)
Danny Ben-Schahar, Ronny Golan 13
(SOI supervisor - Prof. Yaron Felus & Rachel Saranga)
Crime, Fraud, and Real Estate Prices
Daniel Felsenstein, Michal lichter 15
(SOI supervisor - Gila Drushkevitz & Rachel Saranga)
The Development of an Integrated GIS-Based System for Real Estate Market Analysis
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Eyal Ben Dor, Nimrod Carmon 18
(SOI supervisor - Yoav Tal & Dr. Bashir Haj-Yehia)
Development of Road’s Safety Mapping System using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
Sagi Filin, Barry Grinker 20
(SOI supervisor - Limor Gur Arie & Baruch Peretzman)
Development of a Program for Certifying Marine Surveyors in Israel
Three studies, published in Newsletter "Abstracts of Scientific Studies 2014" have continued in 2015:
Ammatzia Peled, Adi Neuman 21
(SOI supervisor - Iris Zilber & Yoav Tal)
Generation of a tsunami inundation sensitivity evaluation model as a function of land usage and structural elements.
Sagi Dalyot, Yerach Doytsher, Yechezkel Sarid 23
(SOI supervisor - Vadim Fishbain & Marina Kozakov)
Formation of a Hybrid Geoid Undulation Model in Israel.
Yerach Doytsher, Shamai Assif, Alexei Noskob 25
(SOI supervisor - Yoav Tal & Shimon Barazani)
Development of Intelligent Integration Processes of Cadastral Information with Statutory Planning Data.
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Forward
Ronen REGEV, Director General
The survey of Israel vision is based on seven targets as depicted in Figure 1. The top goal of
the Survey is to move the Israeli government forward in delivering excellent services using
GIS technologies (GIS based governance or G-governance). The implementation of
G-governance requires deep knowledge and knowhow in mapping, geospatial analysis and
Geographical Information Systems. The Survey of Israel research program aims at acquiring
these knowledge and knowhow needed for efficient G-governance.
It is my pleasure and honor to share with you this annual report of the 2015 research
program. I hope that you will find it interesting and useful for your organization. Moreover,
we will be more than happy to collaborate with you, share detailed data and results and
work toward turning these research projects into operational procedures.
Figure 1: The Survey of Israel main operational targets
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From Data Measurement to knowledge Management
Prof. Yaron FELUS, Chief Scientist
During the last few years it has become evident that geo-information technologies can solve
national problems. Geo-information technologies and spatial data can provide the following
analytics:
1. Descriptive analytics, what has happened?
2. Diagnostic analytics, why did it happen?
3. Predictive analytics, what will happen?
4. prescriptive analytics, what we would like to happen?
These analytics are performed using spatial functions and geographical information tools
and are presented visually by advanced maps and cartographic methods. Figure 1 presents
this concept of gaining business value through the use of geo-information technologies.
Figure 1: From data to intelligence, based on Gartner IT Glossary at: http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/predictive-analytics
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The Survey of Israel is taking the lead in solving Israel's most challenging problems using geo-
information technologies.
One of the most important challenges is the high cost of housing in Israel. In order to solve
this problem the Survey of Israel initiated a project that fused real-estate data from six
different ministries into a uniform and coherent national spatial database. This database is
based on the cadastral layer and provides the details and attributes of the majority of the
properties in Israel. Moreover, an advanced location based business intelligence (LBBI)
system is currently being developed to provide diagnostic and predictive analytics for the
government and for the public. Figure 2 presents a map that was produced by the LBBI. This
map shows an area that fits the criteria of a renovation project (e.g: old buildings with an
adjoining empty parcel)
The last step of the project, will aim at developing a Geo-information system to manage the
construction of apartments and houses in Israel. It is believed that a good geo-information
management system will expedite the construction process there by shortening time-
schedules. This will lead to an increased house supply and reduce the cost of houses.
Figure 2: The real-estate business intelligence system produced 600 maps (like the one above) showing locations where renovation projects can be performed.
Another challenge that Israel faces is the lack of coordination among organizations dealing
with national and local infrastructure (e.g: power, communication, gas, water, sewage…).
These organizations include governmental ministries, national companies and municipalities
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which install and maintain vital infrastructure every day. The Survey of Israel is currently
engaged in developing the geo-information technology to create the national infrastructure
database, to develop the business intelligence system and to define an advanced
management process. Thus, the Survey of Israel utilizes the power of geo-information
technologies in solving national problems.
Prof. Yaron Felus, Chief Scientist, Survey of Israel, [email protected]
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Suitability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technologies for Topographic Mapping According to the Israeli Surveying Regulations
Garry ZALMANSON, Raz SHARON, Matan WEISSBUCH
The introduction of digital aerial cameras during the 2000 ISPRS Congress in Amsterdam
provided the final missing link for turning the photogrammetric mapping production
workflows into fully digital. Three flagships of this revolution (Leica ADS40, Intergraph DMC
and Vexcel Ultra-Cam-D) with their high-end and large format systems, designed and
manufactured specifically for mapping solutions, have dominated the market in the first
couple of years of the current millennium. But the innovation has not stopped there. In the
last few years more and more medium and small-format solutions are reported to be in
operation world-wide and also in Israel. These systems are significantly smaller, lighter and
cheaper than their high-end counterparts and comprised of commercial (and sometimes
general-purpose) optical, electronic and mechanical elements. But at the same time they
claim to have an unprecedented geometric accuracy being comparable to that of their legacy
counterparts and achieved using their proprietary state-of-the art image-processing and
computer-vision algorithms. The key factor for these systems successful performance is their
ability to carry out in-flight self-calibration of the system obtained for every acquisition
mission.
In the past several years LMY R&D has conducted a research project and developed a
process aimed at validating the performance of several aerial and terrestrial systems
operated in Israel.
In the current research we propose to extend the validation procedure to digital sensors on
board of unmanned aerial vehicle. The research will investigate the reliability and stability of
the entire mapping process.
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The research will investigate the reliability and stability of the entire mapping process.
Dr. Garry Zalmanson, LMY R&D, 450-697-9769, [email protected] Raz Sharon, LMY R&D, [email protected] Matan Weissbuch, LMY R&D, [email protected]
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Evaluation of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Technology for Classification of Land Cover, Using High Resolution Multispectral
and NIR Digital Aerial Photography
Sagi DALYOT, Eitan SELA
This research will examine data sources, tools and methods for identifying and classifying
topographic objects using high-resolution digital multi-spectral aerial photography with near
infrared channel. This is required for the production of categorical data for mapping land
cover using a uniform coding system.
This research will examine the contribution of precise multispectral-photogrammetric
imagery having high spatial resolution in respect to the generic products of the SOI
(Orthophoto).
The study will put special emphasis on exploration of methods and tools for creating a
detailed layer of open and agricultural landscapes via automatic and semi-automatic
processes. These types of land cover are usually updated on a five years cycle due to the
natural complexity and the requirement of preliminary ecological knowledge for extracting
and identifying the natural objects.
Part of this research will be devoted to an attempt to incorporate the layer of vegetative
state into a new spatial information domain. This landscape information is required by
governmental organizations, for planning, monitoring, regulation and management of
environmental regions.
This study will use off-the-shelf software to evaluate the most effective methods and tools
for identifying and classifying objects, and matching them into a uniform array of codes
(coding). Moreover the study will examine the use of multiple indexes: floral, geometric and
spectral relationships to classify the largest possible number of groups of land use and
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vegetation, water bodies and other objects. These will be sorted according to their
significance level. In addition, the research will examine the contribution of near infrared
channel for improving the identification and classification process.
Dr. Sagi Dalyot, Technion, 03-9117883, [email protected] Eitan Sela, Hetz Hazafon, Ltd., 050-4447272, [email protected]
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Advanced Mapping Processes for Update National Geospatial Data Base Using Automatic Change Detection Based on Comparison of the
Current Imagery to National Geospatial Data Base
Ofer ZILBERSTEIN
The process of updating the national topographic database in the traditional method is a
complex process that requires human resources, time and development of specialized
processes. In most national mapping agencies the frequency of updating the topographic
database in national scale takes about three years. Today the reality is dynamic and changes
happens every day, therefore, users expect that the existing data base will describe the
current reality as much as possible. Global mapping project which is based on community
volunteers - OSM (Open Street Map) updated every day using the wisdom of crowds (crowd
sourcing).
Until recently, the automated processes did not yield satisfactory results and usually process
included comparing images from different periods. Object detection success rates were low
and usually accompanied by a high percentage of false alarms. As a result, significant
editorial work was necessary that made the process not economic. In recent years,
development of technologies in the field of mapping and image processing algorithms,
computer vision with new mapping sensors at high resolutions and different approaches
allow construction of an automated process, orderly and cost effectively.
In the update process there are a number of factors to consider, including the selected
sensors, the Interpretation environment, the change detection process (pointing on the
object / region that has changed from the last mapping) and if it is possible the essence of
the change (diagnosed as new object such as a new house or a new way). This change
detection R&D activity shows the actual feasibility of the process of automatically updating a
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mapping database with a high success rate (high amount of correct decisions in front of a
minimum amount of errors).
Dr. Ofer Zilberstein, 054-4886873, [email protected]
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Crime, Fraud, and Real Estate Prices
Danny BEN-SHAHAR, Ronny GOLAN
The proposed research focuses on two central issues that tie real estate prices to criminal
behavior and fraud. In the first part of the proposed research we examine the correlation
between the incidence and nature of nearby criminal activities (such as burglary, theft, and
sexual offenses) and housing prices in Israel. In the second part of the research we propose
and implement a methodology for detecting false reports and fraud in housing transactions.
The econometric study is based on various data sources (such as Survey of Israel, Israel Tax
Authority, and Israel Police) and develops applied tools that will improve the effectiveness of
decision-making at the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Public Security, Israel Police, Israel
Tax Authority, Ministry of Construction and Housing, and among buyers and sellers of
dwellings.
In the first part of the proposed study we apply spatial data on criminal activity to study its
correlation with housing prices. This micro-level examination (relying on individual housing
prices) is based on spatial data concerning the level and quality of the various criminal
activities and their proximity to the individual dwelling unit. Moreover, the proposed
econometric estimation allows for the development of applied tools enabling decision-
makers to effectively control criminal activity, while considering cost-benefit implications in
terms of effects on housing prices.
The second part of the proposed research analyzes data on real estate transactions in order
to identify transactions that are suspected of tax avoidance and tax evasion, on the one
hand, and money laundering on the other. Our research method relies on various
econometric tests by which we examine the plausibility of the reported real estate
transaction price.
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The outcomes of this part of our study may play a significant role in enforcing and improving
real estate tax collection in Israel.
Dr. Danny Ben-Shahar, Tel-Aviv University, 03-6408194, [email protected] Ronny Golan, Technion, [email protected]
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The Development of an Integrated GIS-Based System for Real Estate Market Analysis
Daniel FELSENSTEIN, Michal LICHTER
Real Estate market analysis is characterized by much effort invested in the hedonic
estimation of house prices. This allows for the identification of the individual values of the
bundle of goods reflected in real estate prices. In this way the contribution of the intrinsic
attributes (number of rooms, building quality, ancillary facilities etc.) of an asset can be
estimated along with external environmental factors, such as proximity to schools, parks,
highways, public transportation links and so on. As real estate markets respond efficiently to
information, hedonic estimation is considered a good indicator of the marginal willingness to
pay for the various attributes that comprise property prices. When hedonic valuation models
are coupled with GIS and geo-coded location data this leads to improved appraisals for real
estate research. However the results of much of this research activity are generally
inaccessible to policy makers and public officials. Nor is it readily transferable into useful
business information.
We present an integrated GIS-based business information system that can be used for
accessing, visualizing and manipulating the data produced by hedonic price estimation. This
will allow government officials and policy makers to visualize the results of estimations of
hedonic factors on real estate prices, to query the system using a range of variables, to
estimate feasibility ranges and cut- off points for different parameters and to produce a
whole slew of graphic representations. The research methodology comprises 5 stages. In the
first stage, real estate transactions data is collected from the CARMAN data base and cross
tabulated with physical, socio-economic and environmental data both spatial and temporal
from government sources (National GIS-MAPI, CBS, NII, Ministries of Housing, Environmental
Protection etc.).
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In the second stage, hedonic price estimates are produced. The resultant coefficients are
used to create a spatio-temporal data base for the intrinsic and external variables affecting
real estate prices in the third stage.
At this stage, the user also has the opportunity to manipulate the data and produce accurate
spatial disaggregation of socio economic and environmental data that exists at the level of
the municipality or statistical area, to the level of the individual building or residential unit.
The fourth stage allows for data queries and real estate market analysis at different levels of
spatial resolution. Finally, the whole system is delivered as a dynamic web-based mapping
platform. This research will develop algorithms to implement in the national Geospatial
portal govmap as well as middleware functionalities are added (for example, ancillary
capabilities such as time laps animation, sliders, interactive graphs).
A prototype of the data disaggregation component of the proposed system already exists at
a high TRL (technological readiness level). This has been used to illustrate the effect of urban
disasters on various socio economic outcomes such as house prices and population
vulnerability (http://ccg.huji.ac.il/AgentBasedUrbanDisaster/index.html). The current
proposal vastly expands this capability into the area of real estate analysis. The integrated
system will afford government officials an easy-to-use GIS-based tool for increasing real
estate market transparency and estimating the likely outcomes of public policy interventions
on real estate values. It brings a sophisticated mapping capability to the user and shows how
the judicious use of available GIS and software tools can contribute to reducing
imperfections in the real estate market.
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Prof. Daniel Felsenstein, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 050-6389783, [email protected] Dr. Michal Lichter, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 054-2336773, [email protected]
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Development of Road’s Safety Mapping System using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
Eyal BENDOR, Nimrod CARMON
This research project is named after the late Aviel Ron, SOI Director General (1994- 2002) who
was tragically murdered with his two children, Anat and Ofer, in a terror attack on March, 2002.
The proposed study aims to utilize the hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) technology for
quantitative assessment of the safety of roads. The safety of the road will be characterized
by dynamic kinetic friction measurements under extreme wet conditions, using
hyperspectral imageries. Nowadays, the assessment of the road's friction coefficient is
performed by the Standards Institution of Israel using an old technology. This technology is
based on a rotating mechanical wheel system, and is highly expensive, complicated, of low
accuracy, and requires highly qualified personnel. In this study, we will focus on the
development of road's safety determination tool, which will be a breakthrough in this field.
This tool will enable a high-resolution, quick, accurate, and cost-effective mapping of road’s
safety and friction coefficients. The field of HRS has proven itself as a useful tool for
identification of chemical and physical properties in many industries. The greatest advantage
of this technology is the ability to analyze material without a direct contact. HRS can be
performed either in-situ, from the air or from space. From measuring the road from a
vehicle, one road at a time, by plane, able of measuring hundreds of kilometers a day or
from satellites, able of covering entire transportation grids in short time. Preliminary results
have proven the feasibility of the HRS as an applicable tool for road's safety and friction
coefficient assessments. This research will enable the significant expansion of this project
which can make breakthrough that will benefit society, the fight against car accidents, and
could save lives.
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Prof. Eyal Bendor, Tel-Aviv University, 40-7046409, [email protected] Nimrod Carmon, Tel-Aviv University, [email protected]
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Development of a Program for Certifying Marine Surveyors in Israel
Sagi FILIN, Barry GRINKER
Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in maritime activities in Israel. This activity is
only likely to increase in the coming years and will be accompanied by a growing demand for
marine surveyors and mapping professionals' experts for a variety of projects. Thus far no
program in the country certifies surveyors to perform maritime mapping. In this research we
propose performing a study on the gaps towards such certification. The research will focus
upon studying the demands of international organizations dealing with hydrography – IHO
(International Hydrographic Organization), FIG, ICA, and also precedents in other countries,
regarding certification of marine surveyors. In addition, the status of hydrographic training in
Israel today and the shortfalls vis a vis the above demands, will be addressed. The research
will map the above shortfalls. Its outcome will be a scheme that will enable application for
certifying Marine Surveyors in Israel. Another product of the research will be a proposal for
updating the "Surveyor Regulations" on the subject of "Marine Surveyors". Upon completion
of this research, students completing the proposed program will be able to apply to the IHO,
FIG and ICA process for accreditation of marine surveyors in Category A and/or B in Israel.
Dr. Sagi filin, Technion, 04-8295855, [email protected] Barry Grinker, Technion, 052-3697490, [email protected]
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Generation of a Tsunami Inundation Sensitivity Evaluation Model as a Function of Land Usage and Structural Elements
Ammatzia PELED, Adi NEUMAN
This research project is named after the late Aviel Ron, SOI Director General (1994- 2002) who
was tragically murdered with his two children, Anat and Ofer, in a terror attack on March, 2002.
Historical record of tsunami in Israel is limited and often inconclusive. However, the
presence of geo-hazards in our region exposes the Israeli coastline to significant and even
devastating tsunami events. The magnitude of the tsunami impact in land is also a function
of the urban morphology. Our coastline is characterized by a rapid development due to the
real estate pressure. Thus, it is of vital importance to understand the influence that these
rapid changes of the spatial structural and textural morphology have on the tsunami
inundation distribution. A detailed Tsunami inundation simulation will be performed in the
proposed research. This will be done in a test case of a tsunami event along the Tel Aviv
coastline.
The study methodology will consist of 3 main stages: (i) Determining the roughness
coefficient values for Land Use classes at the Tel Aviv coastline; (ii) Analyzing several
approaches for data modeling, commonly used in the numerical models; And (iii) Analyzing
the influence of structural and Land Use elements on the inundation pattern.
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Prof. Ammatzia Peled, University of Haifa, +972-4-8240148, [email protected] Adi Neuman, University of Haifa
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Formation of a Hybrid Geoid Undulation Model in Israel
Sagi DALYOT, Yerach DOYTSHER, Yechezkel SARID
Nowadays, there is a widespread use of GNSS for surveying and mapping in Israel and
internationally. This system allows obtaining very high measurement accuracies (several
centimeters) in the horizontal and vertical position components, measured in respect to the
reference mathematical plane of the ellipsoid. While the horizontal coordinates components
are converted to the local network (datum) very accurately by using known mathematical
formula (that is relatively straight-forward), the conversion of the coordinates' height
component, i.e., altitude, requires to acquire knowledge on the undulation model describes
the spatial relationship between the ellipsoid height and the local geoid.
The objective of this research is the development of new methods and tools that will make
use of new and innovative data sources, to enable the formation of a more accurate and
reliable hybrid Israeli geoid model – in respect to the one existing today. Since the
determination of the reference geoid entity is affected by various factors, and is obtained
from diverse data sources (e.g. ground-based measurements, satellite observations), this
study will make use of the variety of available data sources with the aim to create the best
possible model. The motivation is that the hybrid geoid model will be based on a
mathematical method that will use the most accurate data source available as a function of
required spatial location.
The proposed research will use data and measurements in Israel and abroad and compare
methods available to calculate an accurate hybrid geoid that combines ground gravity
measurements together with global gravity models. According to Israel's unique topography
along the Great Rift Valley, the study will examine the implementation of the needed
research methods, specifically in respect to gravity measurements performed in areas below
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sea level. Due to the fact that areas of land that are below sea level are rare, this topic has
not yet been adequately studied.
This research will develop an accurate and reliable Hybrid geoid in Israel, including factors as
gravity, linkage (correlation) to national heights and sea level measurements via the use of
mario-graphs. The formation of a reliable and accurate geoid model will enable the use of
height measurements received from GNSS, thus allowing precise and consistent field
surveying.
Dr. Sagi Dalyot, Technion, +972-3-9117883, [email protected] Prof. Yerach Doytsher, Technion, +972-3-2990920, [email protected] Yechezkel Sarid, +969-0-7966969, [email protected]
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Development of Intelligent Integration Processes of Cadastral Information with Statutory Planning Data
Yerach DOYTSHER, Shamai ASSIF, Alexei NOSKOB
The two principal statutory geospatial layers in any country, and especially in Israel, are the
Cadastral layer , which describes the division and ownership of land, and the layer of Master
Plans (especially Local Plans), that describe the planned use of the land. In Israel, the level of
accuracy of both these layers, as well as the mutual accuracy between them, are central
factors in the planning, engineering, and fiscal management of the national land-based
economy.
Local Plan Maps (LPMs) are legal documents that describe the rights and restrictions
regarding the landuse of a particular unit of land. The landuse coverage is not spatially
continuous, and the Local Plan boundaries, as well as the divisions of the various landuse
zones of the Plans, are usually not aligned with cadastral boundaries. In addition, due to the
fact that full or partial overlap exists between various Local Plans, there is no continuous
coverage available of up-to-date approved landuse. Lastly, up until recently, LPMs were
characterized by a lack of uniformity in the definition of landuse categories and associated
styling. On the other hand, the Cadastral layer, which divides the entire country up into land
blocks and parcels, is a continuous coverage.
LPMs usually contain the Cadastral layer together with Topographic data layers as base data
for the presentation of the proposed landuse zones. Due to several factors, the geospatial
accuracy of the LPMs is relatively limited, which results in geospatial discrepancies between
overlapping Plan Maps. Furthermore, considerable difficulties arise in the preparation of
Real Property Registration Plans, which are intended to update the Cadastral layer according
to the changes in land division introduced by the Local Plans.
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This research endeavor proposes to develop algorithms and work processes that will enable
the improvement of the geospatial accuracy of approved LPMs in order to bring them up to
the quality of the current Cadastre layer. This will contribute to three levels of improvement
of the Landuse layer: absolute geospatial quality of LPMs; relative geospatial quality
between various LPMs; and, reduction of the discrepancies in defining landuse categories
between LPMs.
These planned improvements, as described in the proposal, will be based on the
development of algorithms from the fields of Computer-based visualization, Computer
Science, and Geo-Information Science, and will rely on Feature-based solutions rather than
the Coordinate-based solutions commonly used in the past to coordinate between
geospatial data layers from a variety of sources.
These achievements will enable the creation of a continuous and precise statutory Landuse
layer that will cover the entire country, and accordingly a considerable improvement of land
management in Israel, which in turn will have significant positive consequences for the
national economy.
Prof. Yerach Doytsher, Technion, +972-3-8293183, [email protected] Prof. Shamai Assif, Technion, 450-0059750, [email protected] Alexei Noskob, Technion, 459-0049790, [email protected]