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CONTENTS

CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

CONFERENCE BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................ 7

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE .................................................................................................................................................. 8

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS ............................................................................................................................................................. 9

Keynote Speaker 1.................................................................................................................................................... 9

Keynote Speaker 2.................................................................................................................................................. 10

Keynote Speaker 3.................................................................................................................................................. 11

Keynote Speaker 4.................................................................................................................................................. 12

Keynote Speaker 5.................................................................................................................................................. 14

Plenary Speaker 1.................................................................................................................................................. 15

Plenary Speaker 2.................................................................................................................................................. 16

Plenary Speaker 3.................................................................................................................................................. 18

CONFERENCE STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................................... 20

GENERAL PROGRAM / CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE ............................................................................................. 21

Monday, 28 November 2016 ..................................................................................................................................... 21

Tuesday, 29 November 2016 ..................................................................................................................................... 21

Wednesday, 30 November 2016 .............................................................................................................................. 22

Official Opening Ceremony ICCEIB2016 ............................................................................................ 24

DETAIL PROGRAM ................................................................................................................................................................ 25

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

PARALLEL SESSION 1: ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING I ................................................................................... 39

PARALLEL SESSION 1: WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING I ................................................................... 44

PARALLEL SESSION 1: MATERIAL ENGINEERING I ..................................................................................................... 49

PARALLEL SESSION 1: FOOD & BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING I....................................................................... 54

PARALLEL SESSION 2: ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING II .................................................................................. 59

PARALLEL SESSION 2: WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II .................................................................. 70

PARALLEL SESSION 2: MATERIAL ENGINEERING II/ REACTION & CATALYSIS .................................................... 81

PARALLEL SESSION 2: TECHNOLOGY IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ...................................................................... 92

PARALLEL SESSION 3: ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING III ............................................................................. 103

PARALLEL SESSION 3: WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING III .............................................................. 114

PARALLEL SESSION 3: PROCESS SYSTEM ENGINEERING I .................................................................................... 125

PARALLEL SESSION 3: FOOD & BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING II .................................................................. 136

PARALLEL SESSION 4: ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING IV ............................................................................. 147

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PARALLEL SESSION 4: WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IV/ MATERIAL ENGINEERING III ..... 158

PARALLEL SESSION 4: PROCESS SYSTEM ENGINEERING II ................................................................................... 168

PARALLEL SESSION 4: FOOD & BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING III ................................................................. 178

SPONSOR ................................................................................................................................................................................ 189

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................................................................................... 193

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Foreword

Salam 1Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) is proud to host the 3rd International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 2016 (ICCEIB 2016) with the theme "FEW: Emerging for the Sustainable Future". FEW refers to the three essential elements that maintain and sustain the earth and its ecosystem – food, water and energy. As each component within the earth ecosystem is interdependent, serious efforts are needed to preserve the environment which also provides us with the comfort of food, water and energy, thus necessitating a holistic global framework, and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals or Agenda 2030, adopted on September 25, 2015 are reflective of this concern through its 17 goals to transform the world with specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years. Thus, the initiative to hold the ICCEIB 2016 reflects UMP’s commitment to address that global concern through knowledge dissemination and intellectual discourse where latest research findings chemical engineering and industrial biotechnology that are related to the security, sustainability and preservation of food, energy and water resources. Environmental-friendly technology application for the preservation of these resources is the way forward for us and ICCEIB 2016 is another constructive platform for our scientists to deliberate their perspectives in this regard. I wish the delegates a fruitful discourse throughout ICCEIB 2016. Thank you. Best regards,

PROFESSOR DATO’ DR. DAING NASIR IBRAHIM Vice-Chancellor Universiti Malaysia Pahang

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Foreword It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the 3rd International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB) 2016, held in the historical state of Malacca. ICCEIB is the flagship conference of, and organized by, the Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering (FKKSA), University Malaysia Pahang (UMP). We have been faithful in maintaining `Food, Energy and Water’ as the conference theme, represented by the catchphrase `FEW for Many’, to reflect the three very important resources which we as researchers, engineers and policymakers need to develop and manage with the best of our intentions and capabilities, to ensure its sustainability for the survival of humankind. ICCEIB has attracted a greater number of participants on every occasion that it has met and we expect that the 2016 meeting will be another success which will further strengthen ICCEIB as an important platform for the exchange of engineering and scientific knowledge on the latest developments and emerging challenges in the field of chemical engineering and industrial biotechnology. Towards this end, FKKSA is proud to announce the launching of the Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (JCCEIB), with the first issue expected to be published by the first quarter of 2017. UMP can succeed only with the continued interest and support from diverse parties including not only within the university itself but also industries, the academia, the government, and investors. This faculty will continue to forge very practical cooperative relationships with universities and corporations both locally and abroad. This conference will see a number of exchanges of MoU and MoA documents between UMP and its partners. The Technical Committee has prepared a dynamic scientific programme and have been working hard to present an impressive roster of highly respected and renowned speakers to lead it. We hope that ICCEIB will provide an excellent opportunity for our fellow colleagues to contribute towards research and to keep abreast with the exciting developments in our field. Our wish is that you will enjoy this conference and take back with you knowledge, experiences, contacts and happy memories of this 3rd Installment of ICCEIB.

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Last but not least, we are most grateful for your participation and support. We also welcome you and your family to enjoy what this historical state has to offer. Have a fruitful and meaningful discourse. Yours sincerely, Zulkafli Hassan CEng. FEI SPE Dean Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

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Foreword Greetings from Universiti Malaysia Pahangǃ On behalf of Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering and the organizing committee, it is an honor and a pleasure, to welcome all participants to the 2016 third International Conference of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB 2016), held at the Bayou Hotel, Malacca, Malaysia on 28th - 30th November 2016. With climate change and world’s limited resources concerns growing throughout the world, this third edition of the ICCEIB 2016 conference is more timely than ever. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology are challenges for an alternative, cost effective and environmentally friendly material for the limited natural resources. The world’s growing population signals for higher demand for food, energy and water (FEW). This year’s ICCEIB 2016 theme is ‘FEW: Challenges and Opportunities’. The ICCEIB 2016 conference will bring together leaders in the alternative energy industry, academic experts in the field of chemical engineering, science and technology to meet, interact, exchange ideas and discus the state of art of advanced technology, research and development related to food, energy and water. Solutions will also be offered in order to respond to the growing demand from developing countries. It is by working collectively and cooperatively that ICCEIB 2016 will move towards the sustainable development of the nations. It has been an interesting and life learning journey for me to work with such a wonderful people (Organizing Committee), there are a lot of difficulties along the way, but with commitment, patience and determination, we are able to penetrate all the difficulties and made our journey is a reality. But foremost, the success of a Conference relies mainly on the participants. I would like to thank all those who have involved directly or indirectly as participants, speakers, sponsors, and organizing committee for the successful of ICCEIB 2016. PROFESSOR DR. ABDURAHMAN NOUR Chairam ICCEIB2016

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CONFERENCE BACKGROUND

The International Conference on Chemical Engineering & Industrial Biotechnology 2016 (ICCEIB2016) is organized by the Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. After two successful editions of the ICCEIB, this year, the theme for this conference is “FEW: Emerging for the Sustainable Future”, focusing on the topics related to Food (F), Energy (E), and Water (W). This conference is designed to disseminate the latest research findings and advances in the chemical engineering and industrial biotechnology towards these three areas. The objectives of ICCEIB 2016 are to provide a platform to the academic scientists and researchers to exchange and share their experience in Chemical and Industrial Technology through presentation and publication mechanism. Additionally, the conference will highlight the technological application experiences for the food, energy and water concerns towards commercialization and wealth generation for the nation. The conference will also provide the opportunities for discussion and information sharing platform for researchers from various organizations, investors, and industrialists regarding their finding, technology, policies and services. ICCEIB2016 will be bringing together around 150 participants from various areas of expertise from the industry, research institutions, government agencies and institutions of higher learning. This conference highlights on the partnership and collaboration between the IPTs, government agencies and the industries. The involvement of IPTs and government agencies are mainly on the organizing and implementing the conference. While, the industry partners are given a specific role advisors to the programme committee to ensure the direction of this conference fulfil the partners’ requirement.

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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Advisor

Zulkafli Bin Hassan CEng FEI SPE (Universiti Malaysia Pahang, UMP) Scientific Committee

Professor Eric Croiset (University of Waterloo, Canada) Professor Gandi Padu Rangaiah (National University of Singapore, Singapore) Professor Peter Douglas (University of Waterloo, Canada) Professor Rajagopalan Srinivasan (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India) Professor Ir. Dr. Dominic Foo (The University of Nottingham, Malaysia) Professor Ir. Dr. Mohd Sobri Takriff (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia) Professor Dr.-Ing. Habil. Jens-Uwe Repke (Technische Universitat Berlin, German) Professor Dr. Arshad Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia) Professor Dr. Luqman Chuah Abdullah (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia) Professor Dr. Parveen Jamal (International Islamic University of Malaysia, Malaysia) Professor Dr. Zainuddin Abdul Manan (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

Associate Professor Dr. Emel Akyol (Yıldız Technical University, Turkey) Associate Professor Dr. Zainura Zainon Noor (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

Dr. Jerry Heng (Imperial College London, United Kingdom)

Dr. Wan Asma Ibrahim (Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia)

Program Committee (UMP):

Chairperson: Professor Dr. Abdurahman Nour Co-Chairperson: Dr. Fatmawati Binti Adam Secretary: Dr. Saidatul Shima Jamari Dr. Wan Hanisah Binti Wan Ibrahim Rohana Binti Abu Treasurer: Dr. Ruzinah Binti Isha Dr. Asmida Binti Ideris Dr. Noor Ida Amalina Binti Ahamad Nordin Technical and Publication: Dr. Siti Kholijah Binti Abdul Mudalip Dr. Siti Zubaidah Binti Sulaiman Dr. Herma Dina Binti Setiabudi Dr. Nur Hidayah Binti Mat Yasin Publicity and Promotion: Dr Farhan Binti Mohd Said Dr. Noor Sabrina Binti Ahmad Mutamim Dr. Mohamad Rizza Bin Othman Sponsor and Protocol: Dr. Noorlisa Binti Harun Dr. Ruwaida Binti Abdul Rasid Musfafikri Bin Musa Shalyda Binti Md Shaarani@Md Nawi Logistics: Nor Adnan Bin Hj Mamat Nor Asikin Binti Salleh Mohd Hafizudin Bin Hasbullah

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KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Keynote Speaker 1

Natural Products to Drug Discovery: Lessons from the Ancients

PROFESSOR DR. MASHITAH MOHD YUSOFF Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation)

Universiti Malaysia Pahang ABSTRACT: Terrestrial plants are an almost undiminished source for bioactive compounds for use as drugs in the treatment of various diseases. These compounds or secondary metabolites that have enabled plants to survive may also be used to maintain the health and well-being of humans. Natural products and their derivatives account for about half of the New Chemical Entities (NCEs) in drug discovery. Seventy-eight of the 118 small-molecule NCEs identified for antibacterial agents were from either natural products or their derivatives between 1981 and 2010. Among anticancer drugs, 85 of the 175 small molecules discovered between 1940 to 2010, were from natural products, their derivatives, metabolites or mimics. While there is a decline in industrial natural product drug discovery funding in favor of combinatorial chemistry paired with high throughput screening, to date, natural products have provided the most successful supply of drug leads and is expected to continue to do so in light of lower success with identification of only one de novo combinatorial compound approved as a drug in a 30-year time frame until 2010. The discovery, development and marketing of food supplements, nutraceuticals and related products are currently the fastest growing segments of the food industry. Functional foods can be considered part of these products and may be defined as foods or food ingredients that have additional health or physiological benefits over and above the normal nutritional value they provide. They cannot be marketed for the diagnosis, treatment, cure or prevention of disease. Interest in non-pharmaceutical treatments has grown although the scientific evaluation of efficacy, safety and mechanism of action is almost uniformly lacking. An important goal of our research is to address natural products potential use in therapy, in documenting the efficacy, and identifying toxicities, of complex but well characterized and vouchered plant extracts.

SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY: Professor Dr Mashitah M Yusoff is presently Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) at Universiti Malaysia Pahang. Professor Mashitah is a US-trained chemist specializing in physical organic and natural product chemistry in particular, designing and synthesizing chemical compounds of electronic and pharmaceutical interest. She has authored or co-authored 250 articles, technical reports, standards, patents, book chapters, policies and blueprints. Prof Mashitah is a Fellow of Institut Kimia Malaysia and is a 29 year member of the American Chemical Society.

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Keynote Speaker 2

DATUK IR AHMAD FAUZI HASAN Chief Executive Officer,

Energy Commission of Malaysia ABSTRACT: To be circulated upon receipt. SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY: Datuk Ir. Ahmad Fauzi bin Hasan is the Chief Executive Officer of the Energy Commission of Malaysia since April 2010. Prior to this position, he has held several positions in the Energy Commission, namely as Chief Operating Officer, Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Director of Gas Regulation. Before joining the Energy Commission, he has also served in the Department of Electricity and Gas Supply and the Department of Occupational Safety and Health. He is a professional engineer with 35 years of regulatory experience, including in regulating the technical, economic and safety aspects of electricity and gas industries. He is also actively involved with industry stakeholders in the development and promotion of energy policies, standards and educational programmes. He is a Member of the Atomic Energy Licencing Board of Malaysia, President of National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission, and Executive Committee Member of the East Asia Pacific Infrastructure Regulatory Forum. Datuk Ir. Ahmad Fauzi received his Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University Of Manchester Institute Of Science and Technology (UMIST), United Kingdom, and his Master’s Degree from the University of Michigan, United States of America.

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Keynote Speaker 3

A Review on Malaysian Critical Metals as National Security issue: Supply Risk and Technology Development

PROFESSOR DATO’ IR DR. BADHRULHISHAM ABDUL AZIZ

Director Rare Earth Research Center Universiti Malaysia Pahang

ABSTRACT: Critical metals can be defined as metals that are very important economically to a nation and exposed to supply risks that have impact on national security. Countries like USA, Australia and EU have started making the efforts in identifying, categorizing and prioritizing strategically the critical metals based on several significant factors. While Malaysia is rich in valuable minerals (with it’s reserve-estimated value at RM 230 billions), it has yet to develop a comprehensive plan for the critical metals that can be extracted from the minerals. Systematic and useful data and information on critical metals has yet to be established. This review, which is based on local and international reports together with established data, is attempting to propose for Malaysia to explore the possibility of identifying and ranking it’s important resources accordingly (as to what Australia or US does – ranking based on security or economic importance) and subsequently establish comprehensive strategic planning from education, research to production. In addition, examples on local critical metals initiatives such as rare earth are highlighted in term of R&D prioritization areas, technology exploration and education efforts. SPEAKER BIOGRAPH: Badhrulhisham bin Abd Aziz, PhD , is a Professor in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. He is also a Director, Corporate Development and Quality Management of Universiti Malaysia Pahang. His first degree was in Chemical Engineering, Colorado State University, in 1986. Master from the University of Wales, Swansea, in 1988. Later, he received his PhD in Chemical Engineering from Kyoto University, in 1994. Prof Badhrulhisham has published more than 10 journals and seminar presentations/papers in conference proceedings at national and international level. Due to his expertise, Prof Badhrulhisham has consulted more than 7 agencies around Malaysia, since 1989. Throughout his career, Prof Badhrulhisham has received more than 5 awards at national and international level. Prof Badhrulhisham is a member of Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) since 1994.

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Keynote Speaker 4

Standard Sewage Treatment Plant (Stp) For Malaysian Sewerage Sector IR. MOHD ADNAN MD DOM Head of Department for Planning and Engineering Indah Water Konsortium

ABSTRACT: Standardisation is an essential initiatives to ensure consistent quality of product or services by utilising and establishing a set of standards for the uniformly of processes and products. In the context of sewerage industry, effective standardisation can be viewed as central to its operational excellence as well as compliance with balanced societal and environmental requirements. By using standardisation, stakeholders in the industry can easily communicate through the set standards, in order to maintain focus and to achieve mutually consistent decisions for mutual gain. Standardisation has been introduced to the industry since 1990’s. Since then, the notion of a Standard Sewage Treatment Plant (Standard STP) was conceived in 2009 and has been gaining momentum ever since. The Standard STP is neither a product nor a proprietary system. The intention of it is to reduce the lap times in approval processing, minimised variations and minimised gaps between the expectations of stakeholders. The implementation of Standard STP will be by phases. The first phase which has been implemented by SPAN together with SWAT system on 1 September 2016 is targeted on Extended Aeration system < 5000PE. The implementation of the Standard STP, ultimately would impact positively on efficiency, quality and cost reduction in the sewerage industry. Evidently, this would eventually contribute towards improving and enhancing the national sewerage systems, bringing technological, economic and societal benefits as well as protecting water resources, public health and the environment.

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Figure 1. Journey of standardisation in sewage context in Malaysian sewerage industry.

SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY: Ir. Mohd Adnan Md Dom B.Eng,P.Eng,PMP is currently Head of Department Planning and Engineering Department in Indah Water Konsortium. He joined Indah Water Konsortium in 1995. Before joining Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd., he served as Civil Engineer with Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn. Bhd. Prior to that, he was with Sewerage and Drainage Department City Hall, Kuala Lumpur from 1988 to 1992. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, University of Hartford, Connecticut, USA. He is a registered Professional Engineer, Registered Project Management Professional (PMP), Member of The Institution of Engineers Malaysia, Member of Association of Construction Project Manager (ACPM) Member of the Malaysian Water Association and Member of International Water Association. During his service in IWK, he was assigned as Certification Manager in Kuala Lumpur, Planning Manager Southern Region, Planning Manager Central Region, Head of Section Engineering and Environmental Services Section. Before he was appointed as Head of Department Planning and Engineering Department he was assigned as Senior Project Manager in Project Management Department where IWK was awarded PMC services to manage the Greater KL/KV Sewerage Project. His professional experience spans over 20 years and his field of specialisation is Sewerage and drainage infrastructure. He has been involved in the planning, design, construction and certifying of works related to Sewerage Systems and the establishment of standardised procedures for nationwide adoption. He has also presented several papers at local and international conference

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Keynote Speaker 5

Integrated Process Optimization MR SHAHRUL AZMAN Custodian Engineer PETRONAS Global Technical Solutions Sdn Bhd

ABSTRACT: Integrated process operations and production optimization are highly focused in the petroleum industry worldwide. One important advance in the oil industry operations is monitoring the integrated process by using single modeling platform. This paper presents iCON, PETRONAS owned process simulation software, used to predict the optimum pressure set point for separator train, to maximize production with existing process installation. The study was performed on a topside process and its production wells. The operational objective is to maximize the liquid (oil + water) and gas production rate while not exceeding capacity constraints in the topside processing train. The source code developed used to generate flow equation for each flowing well to get the final composition to iCON model. Starting from current topside operating separator pressure, multiple case studies were run in iCON to produce production profiles at different operating pressures to locate maximum oil/gas production. The optimum pressure will be iteratively analyzed against the process constraint to locate the global optimum topside separator pressure set point. SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY: Mr. Shahrul Azman Zainal Abidin (CEng FIChemE) is a Custodian Engineer in the area of Process Simulation and Optimization at PETRONAS Group Technical Solutions. He graduated as a Chemical Engineer from California State University, Long Beach, USA in 1998 and received an MSc Gas Engineering degree from University of Technology Malaysia in 1996. He is a Fellow of IChemE and Senior Member of AIChE with twenty four years of experience in project & engineering management and specializing in process modelling and optimization of oil & gas facilities. Apart from developing PETRONAS owned process simulation software, iCON, he has developed and patented an Integrated Separation System Sep-iSYS for Slug handling, Sand, Inlet Heating and 3 Phase Separation technologies that are installed particularly suited for upstream oil & gas production facilities.

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Plenary Speaker 1

Success and failures water quality and watershed management in Malaysia

PROFESSOR DR. MAKETAB MOHAMED

Professor of Water Quality and Water Quality Modeling Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia ABSRACT: Recent incidents of water disruption due to industrial discharges – due to legal, illegal discharges or even possibly sabotage - in both Sg. Langat and Sg Langat major tributary, Sg Semenyih, indicated the water security in the urban and suburban areas in the Klang Valley is basically compromised. What we need to do now is now to think out of the box, and find solutions and possibly change the modus operandi of the present raw water withdrawals and treatments by the water providers. At the same time, the present watershed management of the critical catchment areas has to be revised as to ensure water security for the citizens of the country. SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY: Maketab Mohamed, PhD, is a Professor in Water Quality and Water Quality Modeling, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FKT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. He is also a Consultant of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Registration No. CS0434 (Expertise in Water Quality, Hydrology and Water Quality Modeling). His first degree was in BSc (Microbiology), minor in Chemistry, University of Iowa, United States of America, in 1981. Master from the University of Iowa, United States of America, in 1983. Later, he received his PhD in Watershed Science from Colorado State University, United States of America, in 2000. In addition, he also attended Safety and Health Officer (SHO) Modular Course at NIOSH, and passed all the necessary exams (Papers 1, 2, 3 and 4). In 2009, he attended the OHSAS 18001/MS 1722 Lead Auditor Course Modules 1 and passed the comprehensive examinations. Prof Maketab has published more than 78 journals and seminar presentations/papers in conference proceedings at national and international level. Due to his expertise Government of Malaysia has officially assigned Prof Maketab on more than 35 projects at national and international level. On consultancy part, Prof Maketab has consulted more than 57 companies around Malaysia, since 1988.

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Plenary Speaker 2

The development of high performance natural fibre composites for a more sustainable future

PROFESSOR KIM L PICKERING

Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering University of Waikato, New Zealand

ABSTRACT: There has been much recent interest in research and innovation in the natural fibre composite (NFC) area. This is warranted due to the advantages of these materials compared to others, such as synthetic fibre composites, including low environmental impact and low cost and support their potential across a wide range of applications. Further benefits include low density, low machine wear and friendly fracture, such that their fractured edges are softer than for synthetic fibre composites. Much effort has gone into increasing their mechanical performance to extend the capabilities and applications of this group of materials relating to: optimising fibre properties, matrix selection, interfacial engineering, fibre orientation, fibre dispersion and reduction of porosity. Figure 1 gives an example of the influence of interfacial strength on the fracture behaviour, such interfacial engineering dramatically reduces fibre pull-out resulting in fibre fracture bringing about much improved strength. This talk aims to provide an overview of the factors that affect the mechanical performance of NFCs and details the current state of the art in this area.

(a) (b)

Figure 1: Scanning Electron Microscopy Fracture Surfaces Showing Hemp Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene (a) without interfacial modification and (b) with modification.

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SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY: Kim Louise PICKERING, PhD, is a Professor in Materials Science and Engineering, and a Deputy Head of the School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. His first degree was in BSc (Eng) (Hons), Metallurgy and Materials Science, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, United Kingdom, in 1987. Later, he received his PhD in Composite Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom, in 1994. Prof Kim has published more than 144 journals and seminar presentations/papers in conference proceedings at national and international level. He has published 6 books and he is an editor of Composites A journal. In his career, Professor Kim has patented 6 patents at national and international level. He is also a Fellow member of Institute of Professional Engineers of New Zealand (IPENZ) and Professional Member of Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining Communities (IOM3). On consultancy part, Prof Kim has consulted more than 21 companies around New Zealand, since 1995.

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Plenary Speaker 3

Multi-Objective Optimization for Sustainable Processes PROFESSOR GADE PANDU RANGAIAH Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore

ABSTRACT: Optimization is pervasive in chemical engineering and many other fields. It is applicable for design, operation, scheduling, control and modelling of diverse chemical processes. Many applications will have two or more objectives related to economics, environmental impact and/or safety; all these objectives should be considered simultaneously for achieving sustainable processes. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is useful for optimizing more than one objective at the same time. Since some objectives are likely to be conflicting, MOO provides many optimal solutions, known as Pareto-optimal front and as non-dominated solutions. These solutions give engineers quantitative trade-off among objectives and alternate choices for selection based on their practicality and other considerations not included in the optimization problem. In the last twenty years, stochastic optimization methods have been adapted for MOO to find non-dominated solutions in one single run. These developments in turn led to numerous applications of MOO in chemical engineering and related areas. In this presentation, MOO and a few techniques for it will be introduced followed by an overview of MOO applications in chemical engineering and related areas. Then, two programs useful for MOO of applications will be outlined (Figure 1). These programs are on MS Excel platform, and they include improvement-based termination criteria. Next, MOO applications to volatile organic component recovery process, heat exchanger network retrofitting, fermentation process and cumene production, for achieving sustainable processes will be discussed. Finally, selection of one of the non-dominated solutions and one Excel-based program with many selection methods will be described.

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Figure 1: MS Excel-based multi-objective optimization program: user interface with an insert showing non-dominated solutions for cumene process design

SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY: Prof. Dr. Gade Pandu Rangaiah has been with the National University of Singapore since 1982, in the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering. He received his Bachelor, Masters and Doctoral degrees in chemical engineering, from Andhra University, IIT Kanpur and Monash University, respectively. He worked in Engineers India Limited for two years before his Doctoral study. Prof. Rangaiah has received several teaching awards, including the Annual Teaching Excellence Awards from the National University Singapore for four consecutive years. Prof. Rangaiah’s research interests are in modeling, optimization, design and control of chemical and related processes. He supervised 50 graduate theses including 22 doctoral theses. Prof. Rangaiah edited 5 books; the 3 recent books are: “Plant-Wide Control: Recent Developments and Applications” (with V. Kariwala), “Multi-Objective Optimization in Chemical Engineering: Developments and Applications” (with A. Bonilla-Petriciolet), and “Chemical Process Retrofitting Revamping: Techniques and Applications”. He contributed many chapters to these and other books. Prof. Rangaiah published 180 journal papers and 132 conference papers in the research area of Process Systems Engineering.

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CONFERENCE STRUCTURE

Program The technical program includes invited keynote and plenary lectures

(Bendahara 1) and parallel and oral sessions (Laksamana 1, Laksamana 2,

Laksamana 3 and Laksamana 4).

Oral

Presentations

Oral presentations are scheduled for 10 minutes of presentation and 5

minutes of Q&A.

Exhibition Products and services related to the conferences theme will be exhibited

at Lobby, Bayou Lagoon Park Resort.

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GENERAL PROGRAM / CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE

Monday, 28 November 2016

Time Programme

15.00 – 17.00 Registration

Tuesday, 29 November 2016

Time Programme 08.00 – 08.15

Guest arrival and registration

08.15 – 08.30

Welcome speech by the Chairman of ICCEIB2016 Professor Dr. Abdurahman Nour Bendahara 1

08.30 – 09.00

Keynote 1 Professor Dr. Mashitah Mohd Yusoff (Deputy Vice Cancelor (Research & Innovation), Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Natural Products to Drug Discovery: Lessons from the Ancients

09.00 – 10.30

OFFICIAL OPENING CEREMONY

10.30 – 10.45

REFRESHMENT / BOOTH EXHIBITION

10.45 – 11.15 Keynote 2 Datuk Ir Ahmad Fauzi Hasan (CEO Energy Commission of Malaysia)

11.15 – 12.00 Plenary Session 1 Professor Dr. Maketab Mohamed (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Success and failures water quality and watershed management in Malaysia

Parallel Session 1 Venue Laksamana 1 Laksamana 2 Laksamana 3 Laksamana 4

12.00 – 13.00 TRACK A Energy and Process

Engineering I

TRACK B Water and

Environmental Engineering I

TRACK C Material Engineering I

TRACK D Food and

Biotechnology Engineering I

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13.00 - 14.30

LUNCH

14.30 – 15.15 Plenary Session 2 Professor Kim Pickering (University of Waikato, New Zealand) The development of high performance natural fibre composites for a more sustainable future Bendahara 1

Parallel Session 2 Venue Laksamana 1 Laksamana 2 Laksamana 3 Laksamana 4

15.15 – 17.45 TRACK A Energy and Process

Engineering II

TRACK B Water and

Environmental Engineering II

TRACK C Material Engineering

II/ Reaction and

Catalysis

TRACK D Technology in

Chemical Engineering

17.15 - 17.30 REFRESHMENT

19.30 – 22.00 DINNER

Wednesday, 30 November 2016

Time Programme 08.30 – 09.00

Keynote 3 Professor Dato’ Ir Dr. Badhrulhisham Abdul Aziz (Director Rare Earth Research Center, Universiti Malaysia Pahang) A review on Malaysian critical metals as a national security issue: Supply risk and technology development Bendahara 1

09.00 – 09.30

Keynote 4 Ir Mohd Adnan Md Dom (Indah Water Konsortium) Standard sewage treatment plant (STP) for Malaysian sewerage sector

09.30 – 10.00 Keynote 5 Mr Shahrul Azman (PETRONAS Global Technical Solutions Sdn Bhd.) Integrated process optimization

10.00 – 10.30 REFRESHMENT / EXHIBITION

Parallel Session 3 Venue Laksamana 1 Laksamana 2 Laksamana 3 Laksamana 4

10.30 – 13.00 TRACK A Energy and Process

Engineering III

TRACK B Water and

Environmental Engineering III

TRACK C Process System

Engineering (PSE) I

TRACK D Food and

Biotechnology Engineering II

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13.00 - 14.30

LUNCH

14.30 – 15.15 Plenary Session 4 Professor Gade Pandu Rangaiah (National University of Singapore) Multi-objective optimization for sustainable processes Bendahara 1

Parallel Session 4 Venue Laksamana 1 Laksamana 2 Laksamana 3 Laksamana 4

15.15 – 17.30 TRACK A Energy and Process

Engineering IV

TRACK B Water and

Environmental Engineering IV /

Material Engineering III

TRACK C Process System

Engineering (PSE) II

TRACK D Food and

Biotechnology Engineering III

17.15 - 17.30

REFRESHMENT

*Note: Program details are subject to changes

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Official Opening Ceremony

ICCEIB2016

Tuesday, 29 November 2016

Time Programme

09.00 – 09.10 Arrival of Invited Guests and VIPs

09.10 – 09.20 WELCOME ADDRESS By Y.H. Professor Dato' Dr. Daing Mohd Nasir Bin Ibrahim Vice Chancellor of UMP

09.20 – 10.30 OPENING CEREMONY ICCEIB2016 By Y.Bhg. Tan Sri Dr. Noorul Ainur Binti Mohd Nur Secretary General, Ministry of Higher Education

Signing of MoUs and MoA

Mock Cheque Ceremony with the industry partners

ICCEIB2016 Opening Ceremony Montage Journal Launching Montage: Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (JCEIB) Journal on Malaysian Critical Metals (MyCM))

10.30 – 10.45 Tour of the Exhibition/Refreshment

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DETAIL PROGRAM

28 November 2016

Time Programme

15.00 – 18.00 Registration

Day 1 29 November 2016 Time Programme

08.00 – 08.15

Registration and Reception Arrival of honorable guests

08.15 – 08.30 Welcome Speech by Professor Dr. Abdurahman Nour (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Chairman ICCEIB2016

08.30 – 09.00 Keynote 1 Professor Dr. Mashitah Mohd Yusoff (Deputy Vice Cancelor (R&I), Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Natural Products to Drug Discovery: Lessons from the Ancients

10.45 – 11.15 Keynote 2 Datuk Ir Ahmad Fauzi Hasan (CEO Energy Commission of Malaysia)

Plenary session 1 11.15 – 12.00 Professor Dr. Maketab Mohamed (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)

Success and failures water quality and watershed management in Malaysia

Parallel Session 1 TRACK A: Energy and Process Engineering I

Chairman: Dr. Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip (UMP)

12.00 – 12.15 Nur Adibah Amir Hamzah (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Hot compressed water extraction of phenolic compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai kucing) leaves

12.15 – 12.30 Professor Dr. Abdurahman Nour (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) The environmental pollution perspectives of direct discharge of palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater

12.30 – 12.45 Norilhamiah Yahya (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Preliminary study on Pd-based binary catalysts supported with carbon nanofiber for the electrooxidation of glycerol in alkaline media

12.45 – 13.00 Wan Muhamad Syafiq Wan Ismail (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Biomass gasification in an entrained flow gasification system

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TRACK B: Water and Environmental Engineering I Chairman: ROHANA BINTI ABU (UMP)

12.00 – 12.15

Olusegun Abyomi Olalere (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) A robust orthogonal optimization and performance evaluation of piperine extraction from Piper nigrum

12.15 – 12.30 Dr. Azhari Hamid Nour (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Chemical compositions and cockroaches repellent of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) essential oils

12.30 – 12.45 Nitthiyah Jeyaratnam (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Microwave assisted hydrodistillation – An overview of mechanism and heating properties

12.45 – 13.00 Jurida Jamaludin (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Thermal studies on polysaccharide film

TRACK C: Material Engineering I Chairman: Dr. Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin (UMP)

12.00 – 12.15

Engku Norfatima Engku Dahalan (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Corrosion behaviour of zinc oxide in paint: Influence of the thickness/layer of the paint on the steel

12.15 – 12.30 Dr. Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Cellulose nanocrystals with enhanced thermal stability reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane

12.30 – 12.45 Nurul Akmil Mustaffa (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka) Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid concentration effect on electrical and thermal properties of polyaniline

12.45 – 13.00 Malini Subramaniam (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Preparation and mechanical characterization of bioplastic from polypropylene and rice starch

TRACK D: Food and Biotechnology Engineering I Chairman: Dr. Mior Ahmad Khushairi Mohd Zahari (UMP)

12.00 – 12.15

Dr. Mior Ahmad Khushairi Mohd Zahari (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Evaluation of factors affecting bioethanol production from oil palm frond juice by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

12.15 – 12.30 Nurul Nadzirah Mohd Yusof (Universiti Sains Malaysia) Effect of reaction parameters on lipase-catalyzed synthesis of caffeic acid bornyl ester (CABE)

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12.30 – 12.45 Dr. Sara El Kheir Mustafa Fadul Sara (Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan) Antioxidant activity of Vangueria madagascariensis leaf, bark and seed cake extracts

12.45 – 13.00 Nurul Fatin Alia Mustapha (Universiti Teknologi MARA) Antimicrobial agent from Malaysian plant extract and its potential use in food packaging materials

Plenary session 2 14.30 – 15.15 Professor Kim Pickering (University of Waikato, New Zealand)

The development of high performance natural fibre composites for a more sustainable future

Parallel Session 2 TRACK A: Energy and Process Engineering II

Chairman: Dr. Rozaimi Abu Samah (UMP)

15.15 – 15.30

Mohd Najib Razali (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Synthesis of grease from waste oils and red gypsum

15.30 – 15.45

Dr. Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Algal oil extraction from freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

15.45 – 16.00

Swati Sharma (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Study of different methods of purification on chicken feather biomass

16.00 – 16.15

Rini Jarial (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Anti-lipolytic activity and phytochemical screening of Chelianthus albomarginata against pathogenic microorganisms

16.15 – 16.30

Dr. Abdul Halim Abdul Razik (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Utilizing biomass feedstocks for renewable energy production

16.30 – 16.45 Dr. Rozaimi Abu Samah (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Fixed-bed adsorption of aqueous vanillin onto resin H103

16.45 – 17.00 Farra Wahida Shaarani (Universiti Kuala Lumpur) Synthesis of polycarbonate by the terpolymerization of propylene oxide, epoxidized soybean oil and carbon dioxide catalyzed by Co-Zn double metal cyanide

17.00 – 17.15 Syaiful Nizam Hassan (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Biogasoline synthesis from rubber seed oil through thermal fluid catalytic cracking

17.15 – 17.30 Thuraiya Mohammad Thaim (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Improving biomass properties through torrefaction

17.30 – 17.45 Norashikin Ahmad Zamanhuri (Universiti Teknologi MARA)

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Effect of various power level and different ratio of fruit to water in microwave sterilizer

TRACK B: Water and Environmental Engineering II Chairman: Dr. Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip (UMP)

15.15 – 15.30

Siti Norazimah Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Factor affecting solubilisation of erythromycin from aqueous phase into mixed AOT/SB3-18 reverse micelle phase

15.30 – 15.45

Liyana Nadirah Mat Suli (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) A review on rare earth processing

15.45 – 16.00

Nurul Ain Ismail (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Interaction, mechanism and synergism of rare earth extraction in binary extractant system

16.00 – 16.15

Egbal Altoum (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Study to improve the efficiency of COD using ultrasonicated membrane anaerobic (UMAS) under steady state conditions

16.15 – 16.30

Nor Halaliza Alias (Universiti Teknologi MARA) Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compound from pineapple skins: The optimum operating condition and comparison with Soxhlet extraction

16.30 – 16.45 Dr. Azhari Hamid Nour (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from seeds of Swietenia macrophylla king

16.45 – 17.00 Muna Mohamad Kamal (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) overall mass transfer coefficient for vitamin e and carotenoid extraction from palm pressed fiber (PPF) using hot compressed water (HCW)

17.00 – 17.15 Muhammad Azlan Nazeri (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Antioxidant Content and Mineral Profile of Pitaya Peel Extract Extracted using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)

17.15 – 17.30 Dr. Ghada Mohamme Ahmed (Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan) Water purification using some sudanese medicinal plants for heavy metals removal

17.30 – 17.45 Aziza Dawood (Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan) Antimicrobial activity of ethanolice extracts of CommiPhone myrrha

TRACK C: Material Engineering II / Reaction and Catalysis Chairman: Dr. Mohd Sabri Mahmud (UMP)

15.15 – 15.30

Aliyah Jamaludin (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sago (Metroxylon sagu) via autoclaving method

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15.30 – 15.45

Noridah Abdullah (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Cellulose extraction from Meranti wood sawdust using alkaline pretreatment

15.45 – 16.00

Sharmeeni Murugan (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman) Effect of filler loading on the structure and properties of polyvinylchloride/chicken eggshell powder composites

16.00 – 16.15

Mohammad Khairushany Abd Rashid (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) The formulation and characterization of hot melt adhesive from ethyl vinyl acetate based for packaging industry

16.15 – 16.30

Dr. Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Characterization of polylactic acid/polypropylene binary blend

16.30 – 16.45 Omar Awad (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Performance, combustion characteristics and emissions of CI engine operated with Fusel oil–diesel blend

16.45 – 17.00 Wan Nurdiyana Wan Amarina (Universiti Malaysia Kelantan) The effects of different ratios of sonochemically assisted nickel oxide and zirconium oxide catalysts in syngas production

17.00 – 17.15 Dr. Mohd Sabri Mahmud (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Amorphous string structure in Cu-Zn-V-Al Oxides catalyst prepared for methanol steam reforming

17.15 – 17.30 Jayshree Thuraisingam (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Natural rubber latex (NRL) and rice starch as an alternative for urea formaldehyde in wood composite industry

17.30 – 17.45 Munirah Ezzah Tuan Zakaria (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Synthesis of superabsorbent carbonaceous fiber polymer via inverse suspension polymerization

TRACK D: Technology in Chemical engineering Chairman: Dr. Nurul Aini Mohd Azman (UMP)

15.15 – 15.30

Zatul Iranati Md.Sharif (Universiti Teknologi MARA) Review on method for preservation and extending longevity of foods using natural preservative

15.30 – 15.45

Nur Dini Mat Jusoh (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Enzymatic production of fructooligosaccharides from phytoenzymes of Ananas comosus waste: Screening of significant range of parameter by using one factor at one time (OFAT) from design of experiment (DOE) response surface methodology (RSM)

15.45 – 16.00 Siti Hana Abu Bakar (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)

30

Application of density functional theory in determining the physical crosslink between carrageenan and iso vanillin

16.00 – 16.15

Dr. Nurul Aini Mohd Azman (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Study of the properties of bearberry leaf extract as a natural antioxidant in model foods

16.15 – 16.30

Omar Abed Habeeb (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Modeling, optimization and full factorial design for H2S adsorption from wastewater using coconut shell basted activated carbon

16.30 – 16.45 Nur Ezyan Badrul Hisham (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) The effect of weight ratio on the physiochemical properties of compost from palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge and decanter cake

16.45 – 17.00 Lamia Seddiki (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of aqueous extract of Launeae arborescens

17.00 – 17.15 Siti Nasuha Sabri (Universiti Malaysia Perlis) O3/S2O82 Oxidation of reactive red 120 dye wastewater: Effect of operational parameters

17.15 – 17.30 Abdul Halim Hadi Che Mohammad Yahya (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Chitosan based coating for corrosion protection of mild steel: A review

17.30 – 17.45 Dr. Norhayati Abdullah (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Comparative study of amination hypercrosslinked Poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) and Poly(Styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC: Synthesis and Characterization

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Day 2 30 November 2016 Time Programme

08.30 – 09.00 Keynote 3 Professor Dato’ Ir Dr. Badhrulhisham Abdul Aziz (Director Rare Earth Research Center, Universiti Malaysia Pahang) A review on Malaysian critical metals as a national security issue: Supply risk and technology development

09.00 – 09.30 Keynote 4 Ir Mohd Adnan Md Dom (Indah Water Konsortium) Standard sewage treatment plant (STP) for Malaysian sewerage sector

09.30 – 10.00 Keynote 5 Mr Shahrul Azman (Global Technical Solutions, Petronas) Integrated process optimization

Parallel Session 3 TRACK A: Energy and Process Engineering III

Chairman: Associate Professor Dr. Said Nurdin (UMP)

10.30 – 10.45 Associate Professor Dr. Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Performance of Layer-By-Layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte forward osmosis membrane for humic acid removal and reverse solute diffusion

10.45 – 11.00 Associate Professor Dr. Said Nurdin (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Future prospects of biobased detergent derived from Jatropha C. Seeds Oil (JSO)

11.00 – 11.15 Dr. Wan Asma Ibrahim (Forest Research Institute Malaysia, FRIM) Preliminary physico-chemical properties of biodiesel derived from waste oils

11.15 – 11.30 Dr. Huaiyu Yang (Imperial College London, UK) Template assisted and continuous crystallisation: Control of polymorphs, protein crystallisation and bioseparation

11.30 – 11.45

Associate Professor Dr. Syed Mohd Saufi (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Effect of coagulation bath temperature during preparation of pes hollow fibre supported liquid membrane for acetic acid removal

11.45 – 12.00 Mahani Ahmad Kardri (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a nanofluid over a stretching cylinder

12.00 – 12.15 Rishini Mariyappan (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Ultrasound assisted extraction of palm pressed fibre for oil recovery

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12.15 – 12.30 Fahim Fayaz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Hydrogen production from ethanol dry reforming over lanthania-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst

12.30 – 12.45

Muhammad Bagus Prakasa (Universiti of Indonesia) Preparation and characterization of NiMo/Zeolite catalyst using microwave polyol method for synthesizing renewable diesel from Jatropha oil.

12.45 – 13.00 Olusegun Abyomi Olalere (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Green extraction and radical scavenging activities of bioactive-piperine from black and white Piper nigrum

TRACK B: Water and Environmental Engineering III Chairman: Dr. Sumathi Sethupathi (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman)

10.30 – 10.45

Suhuan Kow (Universiti Malaysia Perlis) Degradation efficiency, kinetic and intermediates of phenol by ozonation

10.45 – 11.00 Dr. Sumaiya Zainal Abidin (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Liquid-liquid extraction of cerium using synergist extractant

11.00 – 11.15 Dr. Mohd Yuhyi Mohd Tadza (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Effect of wildfire on soil-water characteristics of natural slope containing temperature sensitive silica-alumina polymorph minerals

11.15 – 11.30 Tan Kai Quan (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Preliminary study of microwave assisted extraction for the recovery of the biological active compound of Musa sp.

11.30 – 11.45

Ching Lam Goh (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman) Optimization of palm oil mill sludge biochar for heavy metal removal using response surface methodology (RSM)

11.45 – 12.00 Lamiae Seddiki (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Optimization of extraction of antioxidant compounds from Launaea arborescens

12.00 – 12.15 Dr. Sumathi Sethupathi (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman) The effectiveness of sulfur dioxide removal using egg shell

12.15 – 12.30 Nurul Ain Jumri (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Effects of extraction conditions on the amount of anthraquinone

12.30 – 12.45

Nur Fathin Amirah Shafie (Universiti Teknologi MARA) The performance and kinetics study of Ultrasonic-assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment

12.45 – 13.00 Mohd Amirul Hakim Sidek (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Properties of mortar with red gypsum as cement replacement material

33

TRACK C: Process System Engineering (PSE) I Chairman: Dr. Mohamad Rizza Othman (UMP)

10.30 – 10.45

Dr. Noorlisa Harun (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Molecular dynamic simulation of CO2 absorption into mixed aqueous solutions MDEA/PZ

10.45 – 11.00 Dr. Zainal Ahmad (Universiti Sains Malaysia) Selective combination in multiple neural networks prediction using Independent Component Regression (ICR) approach

11.00 – 11.15 Rosshila Idris (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Development of equation oriented modeling of advanced distillation process using MOSAIC: DWC case study

11.15 – 11.30 Nur Hatipah Ibrahim (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Simulation of dilute acid hydrolysis of wood sawdust for xylose production using Aspen Plus (Effect of Temperature)

11.30 – 11.45

Nor Hazwani Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Optimization of flooded soil recovery via Plant-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) symbiotic interaction

11.45 – 12.00 Ahmed Nafees (The Petroleum Instiutute, Abu Dhabi) Simulation and optimizing of waste gas fuel cell system for power generation

12.00 – 12.15 Dr. Hanida Abdul Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in prioritizing HAZOP analysis for pilot plant

12.15 – 12.30 Nur Amira Anang (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka) Assessment on tracking performance for x-axis of ball screw drive system

12.30 – 12.45

Dinie Muhammad (Universiti Sains Malaysia) Combined Internal Model and Inferential Control (CIMIC) for n-butane/i-butane distillation column

12.45 – 13.00

Muhammad Bilal Muslim (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Comparison of hydrogen production using raw and torrefied oil palm frond in fluidized bed gasification process

TRACK D: Food and Biotechnology Engineering II Chairman: Dr. Nor Hanimah Hamidi (UMP)

10.30 – 10.45

Mani Malam Ahamd (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Application of factorial design on the effects of operational parameters for Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579) growth pattern

10.45 – 11.00 Mah Kah Hong (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)

34

Polyester thin film composite nanofiltration membranes via interfacial polymerization: Influence of five synthesis parameters on water permeability

11.00 – 11.15 Norfaezahtul Nor Azaini (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Design and fabrication of the oscillatory flow reactor

11.15 – 11.30 Nik Nor Aziati Abd Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Effect of time, inoculum (%) and mass substrate on succinic acid by immobilized Escherichia coli in fermentation process

11.30 – 11.45

Nor Farhana Hamid (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) The optimization of red pigment of Monascus purpureus FTC 5356 by central composite design

11.45 – 12.00 Hesham Rassem (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents of Hibiscus flower

12.00 – 12.15 Zuriana Sidi Ahmad (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Optimization of sorbitol production using immobilized of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain (BAA-793) via Solid State Fermentation (SSF) process: Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

12.15 – 12.30 Ainaa Abdul Kahar (Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institut, MARDI) The effect of different freeze dried formulations on the viability of lactic acid bacteria in lactose-free yogurt production

12.30 – 12.45

Dr. Nor Hanimah Hamidi (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) A comparison using free and immobilized laccase for the depolymerization of lignin

12.45 – 13.00

Shabirah Ezan (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Application of modified sago starch as an alternative for drug delivery carrier

Plenary session 4 14.30 – 15.15 Professor Gade Pandu Rangaiah (National University of Singapore)

Multi-objective optimization for sustainable processes

Parallel Session 4 TRACK A: Energy and Process Engineering IV

Chairman: Dr. Noor Sabrina Ahmad Mutamim (UMP)

15.15 – 15.30

Nur Syazana Muhamad Nasrah (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Factorial experimental design for biobutanol production from Oil Palm Frond (OPF) juice by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

15.30 – 15.45

Mohd Zulkifli Mohamad Noor (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Nanoparticles percentage resistivity difference for crude oil determination

35

by using experimental sand-pack method

15.45 – 16.00

Dr. Noor Sabrina Ahmad Mutamim (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Assessment of membrane bioreactor in treating spent sulfidic caustic wastewater: Effects of organic biomass concentration and solid retention time

16.00 – 16.15

Malar Vizhli Sivaguru (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Potential of Impregnated Chicken Egg- and Perna V.shells (ICEPS) based catalysts for castor oil methyl ester (COME) synthesis

16.15 – 16.30

Dr. Shaharuddin Hashim (Forest Research Institute Malaysia, FRIM) The effect of antioxidant on the stability of biodiesel

16.30 – 16.45 Sweeta Akbari (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Analysis of microwave heating process for demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions

16.45 – 17.00 Rubaiyi Matzaid (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Best possible conditions in pectin extraction from dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peels: Effect of agitation, temperature, time, pH and liquid solid ratio

17.00 – 17.15 Mohammed Amirul Islam (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)

Bioelectrochemical behavior of wild type Bacillus cereus in dual chamber microbial fuel cell

TRACK B: Water and Environmental Engineering IV / Material Engineering III Chairman: Dr. Mohd Yusri Mohd Yunus (UMP)

15.15 – 15.30

Nurul Amila Fadhlin Baharuddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutans leaves extract by subcritical water extraction

15.30 – 15.45

Dr. Mohd Yusri Mohd Yunus (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Interpretation and enhancement of ‘art vs science’ model for prioritizing the rare earth extraction sequence: application of rule-based method

15.45 – 16.00

Nuri 'Adilah Nashrulmillah Idris (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) The use of factorial design for the effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Labisia pumila sp. in 25-L mobile extractor

16.00 – 16.15

Associate Professor Dr. Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Nanocrystalline cellulose incorporated poly vinyl alcohol hydrogel for industrial waste water treatment

16.15 – 16.30 Pradeep Poddar (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)

36

Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers using enzyme-chemo-mechanical process

16.30 – 16.45 Nor Faezah Ansari (University of Malaya) Fabrication and characterization of porous P(3HO-co-3HHX)/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering and its hydrophilicity enhancement by graft copolymerization with glycerol 1,3-diglycerol diacrylate

16.45 – 17.00 Suhaini Mamat (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Synthesis and characterization of aqueous polyurethane-acrylate crosslinked by UV irradiation

17.00 – 17.15 Nur Athirah Sabarudin (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Effect of extraction condition of natural dye pigment from Bougainvillea flower bract

17.15 – 17.30 Mohd Amirul Hakim Sidek (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Physical and mechanical properties of red gypsum cement bricks: Effect of sand replacement

TRACK C: Process System Engineering (PSE) II Chairman: Dr. Ramesh Kanthasamy (UMP)

15.15 – 15.30

Alexander Liew Hing Boon (The University of Nottingham, Malaysia) Optimal design and synthesis of sustainable integrated biorefinery for pharmaceutical products

15.30 – 15.45

Professor Ir Dr. Dominic Chwan Yee Foo (The University of Nottingham, Malaysia) Synthesis of resource conservation network with P-graph technique

15.45 – 16.00

Zakirah Mohd Zahari (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Achieving the target crystal size distribution in the case of agglomeration and breakage for batch cooling crystallization process

16.00 – 16.15

Nur Hazirah Huda Mohd Harun (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Anhydrous weight loss prediction of meranti sawdust during torrefaction using Rousset model

16.15 – 16.30

Mohamad Fauzi Zanil (UCSI University) Interval Type-2 neuro fuzzy controller for uncertain nonlinear methanogenesis of anaerobic digester

16.30 – 16.45 Dr. Siti Zubaidah Sulaiman (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Explosion characteristic of premixed acetylene/air mixture in confined straight pipe

16.45 – 17.00 Dr. Normah Abdullah (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Neural network adaptive real-time optimizing control of industrial

37

processes

17.00 – 17.15 Umarul Imran (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production by methane steam reforming

17.15 – 17.30 Dr. Ramesh Kanthasamy (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Thermodynamic properties and molecular interactions of acetophenone with p-xylene at various temperatures using Redlich-Kister model

Track D : Food And Biotechnology Engineering III Chairman: Dr. Rohaida Che Man

15.15 – 15.30

Mona Alrasheef Bashir (Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan) Effect of Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract on induced heat-stress in Wistar albino rats

15.30 – 15.45

Dr. Rohaida Che Man (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Effect of the cross linkers on the immobilization of recombinant Escherichia coli cells on hollow fiber membrane for excretion of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase)

15.45 – 16.00

Nurul Bahirah Mohamed Yusoff (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Production of inulin via one factor study at one time by using mathematical simulation design expert. case study: Sucrose alternative from Citrullus lanatus

16.00 – 16.15

Hashim Nurmaryam (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Extraction of bioactive compounds from Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) fruits using subcritical water: Effect of process parameters on extraction yield

16.15 – 16.30

Dr. Wan Hafizuddin Wan Yussof (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Effect of oscillation frequency and amplitude on the residence time distribution for the mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactor

16.30 – 16.45 Fatin Hafizah Mohd Yusop (Universiti Teknologi MARA) Microencapsulation of plant extract

16.45 – 17.00 Dr. Mohd Sabri Mahmud (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Enhancement of reaction rate of lipasic esterification of oleic acid with aqueous ethanol under biphasic conditions

17.00 – 17.15 Ricardo Andres Parra Cruz (The University of Nottingham, Malaysia) Molecular dynamics - an outlook on protein thermal stability and evolution of carbonic anhydrase for post-cobustion carbon capture purposes

38

17.15 – 17.30 Zatul Iffah Mohd Arshad (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) Comparison of four purification methods to purify recombinant bromelain from E.coli BL21-A1

*Note: Program details are subject to change

ABSTRACT

39

PARALLEL SESSION 1:

ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING I

40

Paper ID: 107

Hot Compressed Water Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing) Leaves

N.A Amir Hamzah 1, N.A Morad *1, M.F.M Nordin1, A.N Ilia Anisa1, Y.A.M Yusof 2

1Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Shizen Conversion and Separation Technology (Shizen ikohza), Malaysia-

Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra (Jalan Semarak), 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: azian.morad@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: HCWE is gaining popularity since it is a capable technique for extracting different classes of compounds

and bioactive (mainly phenolic compounds) from plant sources. In the present work, Misai Kucing leaves

or Orthosiphon stamineus (O.stamineus) was employed for the extraction of phenolic compounds using

HCWE. The effect of different temperature and time on the Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) of

O.stamineus was investigated in this study. The HCWE operating variables were temperatures

(100,120,140, 160, 180 and 200oC) and time (10, 20, 30 minutes) at a fixed sample to solvent ratio of 1:29

(w/v) and constant pressure of 1500 psi. TPC of water extract of O.stamineus leaves were measured using

Folin- Ciocalteu test. Results indicated that 20 minutes of extraction time and temperature of 160oC gave

the highest TPC value of 97.49 mg gallic acid g-1 dry sample. Antioxidant activity is the highest at 120oC

(92.15%). By using ANOVA statistical analysis, temperature show a significant (p<0.05) impact on TPC

while time does not show any significant (p<0.05) impact on TPC of O.stamineus. This study shows that

HCWE using water as solvent was able to extract phenolic compounds from O. stamineus leaves at higher

temperature.

Keywords: Hot Compressed Water Extraction; Extraction; O. stamineus; Phenolic compounds; Total

Phenolic Content.

41

Paper ID: A109

The Environmental Pollution Perspectives of Direct Discharge of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Wastewater

N.H. Abdurahman1*, Y.M. Rosli1, N.H. Azhari2

1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Malaysia Pahang-UMP, Malaysia.

2Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University of Malaysia Pahang-UMP, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: arahman@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The direct discharge of palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Traditional ways for POME treatment have both economic and environmental disadvantages. In this study, ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) was used as an alternative, cost effective method for treating POME. Six steady states were attained as a part of a kinetic study that considered concentration ranges of 8,220 to 15,400 mg/l for mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 6,329 to 13,244 mg/l for mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). Kinetic equations from Monod, Contois and Chen & Hashimoto were employed to describe the kinetics of POME treatment at organic loading rates ranging from 2 to 13 kg COD/m3/d. throughout the experiment, the removal efficiency of COD was from 94.8 to 96.5% with hydraulic retention time, HRT from 400.6 to 5.7 days. The growth yield coefficient, Y was found to be 0.62gVSS/g COD the specific microorganism decay rate was 0.21 d-1 and the methane gas yield production rate was between 0.25 l/g COD/d and 0.58 l/g COD/d. Steady state influent COD concentrations increased from 18,302 mg/l in the first steady state to 43,500 mg/l in the sixth steady state. The minimum solids retention time, min

c which was obtained from the three kinetic models

ranged from 5 to 12.3 days. The k values were in the range of dVSSgCODg ./519.035.0 and max values

were between 0.26 and 0.379 d-1. The solids retention time (SRT) decreased from 800 days to 11.6 days. The complete treatment reduced the COD content to 2279 mg/l equivalent to a reduction of 94.8% reduction from the original. Keywords: COD reduction; POME; kinetics; membrane; anaerobic; monod.

42

Paper ID: A114

Preliminary Study on Pd-Based Binary Catalysts Supported with Carbon Nanofiber for the Electrooxidation of Glycerol in Alkaline Media

N.Yahya1*, K.S Loh2, M.S Masdar3 and S.K Kamaruddin2,3

1Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur,Melaka,Malaysia.

2Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,

Selangor, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: norilhamiah@unikl.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

In this study, Au has been used as second metal in palladium catalyst and carbon nanofiber as catalyst

support for glycerol oxidation. Second metal and catalyst support will help to improve catalytic activity

and decrease adsorbed oxidation intermediates. Carbon nanofiber supported PdAu nanoparticles has

been synthesized by using trisodium citrate as stabilizing agent and sodium borohydride as reducing

agent. Physicochemical characterization of the catalyst has been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD),

transmission electron microscope (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to study the nature of the catalysts. The electrochemical activity for

oxidation of glycerol on PdAu/CNF was evaluated in half cell under alkaline media by cyclic voltammetry

potentionstat. The electrochemical study, exhibited the superior performance of bimetallic PdAu/CNF

catalyst compare with monometallic Pd/CNF. This indicate that the electronic coupling between Pd and

Au can promote the electrocatalytic activity of Pd/CNF for glycerol oxidation.

Keywords: PdAu; carbon nanofiber; glycerol oxidation; alkaline media; cyclic voltammetry.

43

Paper ID: A116

Biomass Gasification in an Entrained Flow Gasification System

Wan Muhamad Syafiq Wan Ismail 1, Ruwaida Abdul Rasid* 1,2

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

2 Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: ruwaida@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Biomass has become one of the most commonly used renewable sources of energy in the last two

decades. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the examples for the biomass that is used as a renewable

energy source. From the palm oil processing industry, only 10% are the final products such as palm oil

and palm kernel oil, while the remaining 90% are harvestable biomass waste in the form of EFB, palm

kernel shell (PKS) and oil palm frond (OPF). This overload amount of biomass waste will cause an

abundance of waste which will also affect the environment. To convert EFB into usable energy in ways

that are more efficient, less polluting, and economical, gasification has merge as one of the most

favorable technological innovations in synthesis gas (syngas) production. The main aim of this work is to

study the EFB gasification in an entrained flow gasification process based on the different operating

temperature (700°C to 900°C) and equivalence ratio, ER (0.2 – 0.4), evaluated based on the production of

gases such as hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). It was

found that as the temperature was increased from 700°C to 900°C, the production of H2 and CO2

increased while CO was decreased. The optimum ER value of 0.30 was found to attain the highest Cold

Gas Efficiency (CGE) value of 74.03% at 900°C. This study provides an outlook and explore the potential of

biomass as an alternative fuel in the gasification process.

Keywords: Renewable energy; empty fruit bunch; gasification; entrained flow gasifier; equivalence ratio.

44

PARALLEL SESSION 1: WATER &

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING I

45

Paper ID: A101

A Robust Orthogonal Optimization and Performance Evaluation of Piperine Extraction from Piper Nigrum

O.A. Olalere, H.N. Abdulrahman*, O. R. Alara, O.A. Habeeb

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: nour2000_99@yahoo.com. ABSTRACT:

The determination of robust factor settings that will reduce the variability in the relative extraction

efficiency was the focus of this study. An orthogonal experimental design was applied to determine the

best combination of extraction process parameters for the given dynamic extraction responses. This was

achieved using a two-step optimization approach which concentrated more on the minimization of yield

variation while achieving the desired optimal conditions. The parameters considered include the

extraction time (A), irradiation power level (B), particle size(C) and molar ratio (D). From the analysis of

variance (ANOVA) on the regression coefficients for the single-factor experimental design, it was

discovered that the microwave power level (p< 0.0000976), feed size distribution (p<0.01933) and molar

ratio (p<0.01393) had a significant contribution in Piperine extraction from Piper nigrum. Moreover, the

R-squared value of 0.9351 and 0.8977 suggested that extraction time and microwave power level are best

fitted into the polynomial quadratic model. Furthermore, the result of the optimization revealed that

level with the largest signal-to-noise ratio is the optimal point with a highest yield and relative efficiency.

A performance evaluation of the reflux microwave extractor in relation to the exhaustive hydro-

distillation system placed an optimal relative efficiency at 155.72% with a signal-to-noise ratio

43.8469w/w%. The result indicated that the extract prepared from Microwave reflux extraction

presented better extraction efficiency relative to the exhaustive hydro-distillation technique.

Keywords: Extraction; piperine; piper nigrum; reflux-microwave; exhaustive-hydro-distillation; taguchi

optimization.

46

Paper ID: A104

Chemical Compositions and Cockroaches Repellent of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Essential Oils

N. H. Azhari1*, S. S.Yap1, N. H. Abdurahman2

1Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia. 2Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: azharyhamid@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Cockroaches are considered to be among natures’ most adaptable creatures and have been living on the

planet for at least 250 million years, which could pose a serious health issues in many countries. Their

inclination for destruction and spreading pathogenic organism and disease has earned mans’ loathing.

Search for the repellent is one of the effective ways to control the insects. The study aimed to investigate

the potential of the essential oils from genius Zingiber of which Z. officinale (Family: Zingiberaceae)

against German cockroaches. The essential oils were obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and

Soxhlet extraction methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the

chemical compositions of the oils. Ebeling Choice-Box test with a slight modification was used in the repel

test. Four concentrations; 10, 30, 50, and 100% (v/v) of the oils were prepared in water, used tween-80 to

dissolve the oils; 1% tween-80 and naphthalene were negative and positive controls, respectively. The

analysis conducted in duplicate and the data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA test. The oils yields were

4.43 ± 0.29 and 0.69 ± 0.04 (w/w%) for SFE and soxhelt, respectively. Thirty-five and sixty-six compounds

were detected in the oils extracted by soxhlet and SFE, respectively. No significant differences between

the two oils in terms of major components, e.g. α-zingiberene (16.98 & 13.74%), α-farnesene (12.57 &

10.64%), α-curcumene (8.75 & 8.03%), β-sesquiohellandrene (8.02 & 8.23%), citral (7.66 & 1.60%), β-

citronellol (5.66 & 2.55%) and geraniol (0.18 & 3.25%) respectively. The repellence depends on oil

concentration and the IC50 and IC90 values were 16.0 and 28.0% (v/v), respectively for SFEs’ oil. Findings of

this study indicate the potential of this essential oil as repellent against the German cockroaches.

Therefore, identification of the bioactive compounds of the oil would be an interesting line of inquiry.

Keywords: Cockroaches; repellent; ginger essential oil; soxhlet; SFE.

47

Paper ID: A108

Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation – An Overview of Mechanism and Heating Properties

Jeyaratnam Nitthiyah*, Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Ramesh Kantasamy, John O. Akindoyo

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: nitthi_89@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The efficiency of heating mechanism of microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) in the extraction of

essential oil is presented. The theoretical study on the microwave heating mechanism is also reported in

terms of dielectric properties, volume rate of heat generation and penetration depth. MAHD extraction

method has the advantages of being rapid, less solvent consuming, environmental friendly and green

technology. Detailed information on the heating mechanism of MAHD is therefore presented herein.

Keywords: MAHD; dielectric properties; volume rate of heat generation; penetration depth.

48

Paper ID: A209

Thermal Studies on Polysaccharide Film

J. Jamaludin, F. Adam, R. Abdul Rasid, Z. Hassan

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: fatmawati@ump.edu.my ABSTRACT: The main objective of this work is to study the themal characteristics of polysaccharides films at various

concentration of Carrageenan in the mixture. Four film samples of two polysaccharides combination;

Arabic gum (AG) and Carrageenan (C) with different formulations; sample A, sample B, sample C and

sample D were prepared. Sample A film is the control sample that contained only Arabic gum with 40%

w/v of Arabic gum. Meanwhile for sample B and C were prepared with concentration 40% w/v of Arabic

gum and two differents of carrageenan concentrations; 1% w/v and 10% w/v respectively. Polyethylene

glycol 400 (PEG 400) as a plasticiser was added into sample D film. The sample films were thermally

characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under

nitrogen atmosphere. Major thermal transitions as well as activation energies of the major decomposition

stages were determined. Sample A and B films exhibited the highest (112.43 kJ/mol) and the lowest

(102.89 kJ/mol) activation energy of thermal decomposition, respectively. The activation energies were

lower at larger amounts of sulfate groups from Carrageenan on the degradation reactions. Furthermore,

there was no study to calculate activation energy for combination of two these polysaccharides in film

formulation.The DSC trend for all samples shows 2 major intense peaks recorded in the DSC

thermograms; an endothermic transition at temperature around 100 °C and followed by an exothermic

transition at temperature around 300 °C. The endothermic transition is due to the heat absorption for

dehydration of water, H2O and the decomposition of samples process. Meanwhile the exothermic

transition is caused by the formation of H2O, CO and CH4 in polysaccharide film from dehydration,

depolymerization and decomposition at these high temperature stages.

Keywords: Polysaccharide; activation energy; differential scanning calorimetry; thermogravimetric

analysis.

49

PARALLEL SESSION 1: MATERIAL

ENGINEERING I

50

Paper ID: A153

Corrosion Behavior of Zinc Oxide in Paint: Influence of the Thickness/Layer of the Paint on the Steel

Engku Norfatima Engku Dahalan 1, Azizul Helmi Sofian *1, Arman Abdullah 1, Norhazilan Md Noor 2, Abdul Halim Hadi Che Mohammad Yahya 1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: azizulh@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The influence of zinc content in organic coating has been studied but little attention has been paid to

effects caused by the thickness or layer of coating. This study is focused on the effect of zinc oxide based

coating on steel and the thickness or layer of the coating painted on the steel. The pigment volume

concentration (PVC) was diversified with different layers of coated paint. The corrosion behavior of

coated sample was tested by using potentiostat. Over coated with too much pigments content has

resulted the voids formation on the surface of the paint. The surface of paint with 40% PVC and above

were cracked because of high pigment content than the binder. The thickness of the paint plays a major

role in corrosion system. Zinc in the paint corrodes easily and performed a layer of oxide as a product of

corrosion which protects the steel from the corrosive environment. The result of polarization shows that

the current density for 10% PVC with 5 layers of coating (378μm) has >10-8 A/cm2, indicating the lowest

current density among the tested samples which provided from the epoxy resin. 5-layers of coating give a

better protection towards corrosion in corrosive environment.

Keywords: Corrosion; organic coating; thickness; zinc; pigment volume concentration.

51

Paper ID: A180

Cellulose Nanocrystals with Enhanced Thermal Stability Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin *1, Pratheep Kumar Annamalai 2, Darren Martin 2

1 Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Rds (Bldg

75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia. *Corresponding author: knajwa@ump.edu.my, darren.martin@uq.edu.au

ABSTRACT:

Melt compounding processing approach for incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) into thermoplastic

polyurethane (TPU) has not well been explored. This is primarily due to the poor thermal stability and

dispersibility of CNCs. As they are typically obtained from sulphuric acid hydrolysis, they give rise to

degradation and discolouration of the extruded nanocomposites. The investigation in this research

demonstrates sulpuric acid hydrolysis (CNC-S), phosphoric acid hydrolysis (CNC-P) and a novel non-

hydrolytic high energy bead milling method (CNC-MC) into a polyether based thermoplastic polyurethane

via melt compounding using twin screw extruder. The TPU film incorporated with CNC-S obviously shows

the sign of CNC degradation where TPU film was changed to brown colour. The tensile strength of TPU

reinforced with CNC-S, CNC-P and CNC-MC shows 18%, 16% and 14% of improvement at CNC loading of 0

to 1 wt. % respectively upon host polymer. CNCs isolated via mild acid hydrolysis and mechanical milling

methods, can be easily processed via large scale melt-processing techniques for reinforcing thermoplastic

polyurethane without affecting their physical appearance and elastic properties.

Keywords: Cellulose nanocrystals; thermoplastic polyurethane; melt compounding; nanocomposites.

52

Paper ID: A204

Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Concentration Effect on Electrical and Thermal Properties of Polyaniline

Nurul Akmil Mustaffa 1*,Qumrul Ahsan 1, Mohd Asyadi Azam 1, Luqman Chuah Abdullah 2

1 Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100,

Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. 2 Material Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advance Technology, 42400, UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: akmil.mustaffa@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Polyaniline (PANI) doped with various concentration of dedocylbenzene sulfonate acid (DBSA) were

prepared by oxidative polymerization with presence of ammonium persulfate. Emerald green PANI

powder obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential

scanning calorimetry (DSC), and carried out electrical conductivity test. In this research, the conductivity

and thermal properties of PANI has been changed with the effect of doping. With increasing

concentration of DBSA, the conductivity raises up to certain concentration (1.65mmol of DBSA),

afterwards with further increase of DBSA concentration, conductivity value declines and reaches to a

value lower than that of pristine PANI. The similar trend is also observed for enthalpy values (ΔH)

determined by DSC of pristine PANI and DBSA doped PANIs’ which may attribute the effect of

concentration of DBSA on molecular arrangement in PANI. Results from polymeric structure obtained

from FTIR clearly indicate the disruption in bond when PANI doped with DBSA and it may indicate that the

DBSA changes molecule structure of PANI in term of segmented local structure of polymer.

Keywords: Polyaniline; advanced material; dedocylbenzene sulfonate acid; conductivity; differential

scanning calorimetry (DSC).

53

Paper ID: A207

Preparation and Mechanical Characterization of Bioplastic from Polypropylene and Rice Starch

Malini Subramaniam*, Arun Gupta, Jayshree Thuraisingam

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang.

*Corresponding author: malini90@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The high versatility of synthetic plastics in terms of mechanical properties and durability has become a

deteriorating factor of natural environment. In response to these issues, this study has been directed

towards development and application of bio-based and biodegradable plastics as an alternative to replace

commodity plastics. Rice starch (RS) and polypropylene (PP) were used to prepare bio composites

through extrusion and injection molding technique. A fixed concentration (4% of total PP content) of

maleic anhydride polypropylene (MaPP) was used as a coupling agent to increase the interfacial bonding

of polymer matrix and filler. RS and PP ratio were varied from a ratio of 5:95-50:50 (RS:PP). Bioplastics

were characterized through density, tensile and modulus of elasticity (MOE). Result analyses revealed

that mechanical properties decreased as the starch content increases.Keywords: Polyaniline, Advanced

Material, dedocylbenzene sulfonate acid, conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Keywords: Rice starch; polypropylene; mechanical properties.

54

PARALLEL SESSION 1: FOOD &

BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING I

55

Paper ID: A185

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Frond Juice by Saccharomyces

cerevisiae

Siti Hajar Mat Zani1, Mior Ahmad Khushairi Mohd Zahari1*, Nina Suhaity Mohd Azmi2

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300,

Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: ahmadkhushairi@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Oil palm frond (OPF) juice has been identified as a good candidate to replace commercial sugars for the

production of value-added products such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB) and bioethanol. The aim of

this research was to investigate the effect of temperature, initial medium pH and rotation rate on the

production of bioethanol from OPF juice without nutrient and nitrogen source supplementation using

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai No. 7 (ATCC 26622). One-factor-at-time (OFAT) method was employed

to screen the best parameters affecting the production of bioethanol. This was followed by optimizing the

fermentation process of bioethanol production by using response surface methodology (RSM) to explore

the response pattern. A five-level-three-factor central composite design (CCD) was employed in this study

and the central point of each process variable was chosen based on the best condition obtained from the

OFAT method. The optimum conditions for bioethanol production from OPF juice were achieved at an

initial pH (6.62), rotation rate (96.51 rpm) and temperature (33.03°C). Based on the validation

experiment, the optimum bioethanol yield was 0.50 ±0.02 g/ g sugars and this value was in close

agreement with the model prediction where the difference was only 4.7%. Under the optimal conditions,

the bioethanol yield obtained was 47.06% higher compared with non-optimized condition. The promising

yield obtained in this study suggests that OPF juice can be used as a renewable and complete

fermentation feedstock for bioethanol production.

Keywords: Bioethanol, response surface methodology, central composite design, oil palm frond juice.

56

Paper ID: A147

Effect of Reaction Parameters on Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Bornyl Ester (CABE)

Nurul Nadzirah Mohd Yusof, Azlina Harun Kamaruddin*, Masrina Mohd Nadzir

School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: chazlina@usm.my

ABSTRACT:

Caffeic acid bornyl ester (CABE) is a rare natural product with high potential of biological and

pharmacological properties. However, the chemical extraction and synthesis of CABE is inefficient,

uneconomical and toxic for human consumption. In this study, the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of CABE

using transesterification reaction is proposed because of its advantages over chemical synthesis. CABE

was synthesized using different reaction parameters such as various types of immobilized lipases, organic

solvents, enzyme loading, reaction temperature and reaction time for optimization of reaction. Novozym

435 produced the highest conversion for synthesis of CABE compared to Lipozyme TLIM and Lipozyme

RMIM. Mixed solvents system (n-hexane:acetone, 80:20, %v/v) was found to be the best solvent for

synthesis of CABE compared to isooctane, n-hexane, n-heptane and toluene. The optimized conversion of

CABE was obtained after 48 hours with enzyme activity of 125 U at 40°C.

Keywords: Caffeic acid bornyl ester; lipase; transesterification; reaction parameters; organic solvent;

Novozym 435.

57

Paper ID: A151

Antioxidant Activity of Vangueria Madagascariensis Leaf, Bark and Seed Cake Extracts

Sara Mustafa1*, Abdalbasit Mariod2,3 Youisf Ahmed3, Siddig Abdelwahab,4

1 Omdurman Islamic University , Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O.Box382 Khartoum ,Sudan ,

2,3 Sudan University of Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Department, College of Agricultural Studies, P.O. Box 71 Khartoum North, Sudan.

3 University of Jeddah, Alkamil branch, Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, , P. O Box 110, Alkamil, KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia..

4 Jazan University, Medical Research Center, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: sara.elkheir@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Background: Vangueriaund madagascariensis (Rubiaceae), it is a multipurpose tree in western Sudan.

Objectives: This work is aimed to determine the Phenolic compounds which extracted from Vangueria

madagascariensis (leaf, bark and seed cake), flavonoids and evaluate their antioxidant activity employing

various established in vitro systems. Antioxidant activity was estimated using oxygen radical absorbance

capacity, MTT assay, DPPH assays, and polyphenols profile was determined by the Folin - Ciocalteu and

HPLC methods. Results: The amounts of the total phenolic content were 170.4, 169.5 mg/100g plant

extract as, Vangueria madagascariensis bark (VMB), and Vangueria madagascariensis leaf (VML),

methanolic extracts respectively. The leaf extracts of the Vangueria madagascariensis showed flavoniod

content of 298.8 QE/100g of extract. The results showed that Vangueria madagascariensis extracts

displayed antioxidant activities, with IC50 values ranging from 7.81 to 125.0 μg/ml using 1,1-diphenyl-2-

picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]

was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the examined extracts. Only VML was found to be effective.

Conclusion: From the results, Vangueria madagascariensies examined extracts possess substantial

quantity of Phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant properties which help the extracts to be as an active

natural antioxidant.

Keywords: Phenolic compounds; flavoniod content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); oxygen radical

absorbance capacity (ORAC).

58

Paper ID: A164

Antimicrobial Agent from Malaysian Plant Extract and its Potential Use in Food Packaging Materials

F.A. Mustapha1, Z.I. Md. Sharif1, S. Yusof1, F. Hamidon1, J. Jai1*

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

* Corresponding author: junejai@salam.uitm.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Malaysia is among 12 countries in the world with mega biodiversity rich including an assortment of plants

as potential sources for new antimicrobial agents. Despite of the fact that various plants have been

screened, the requirement for detail study on antimicrobial substances from plants is preceded as safer

and better agents to inhibit growth of microbes. Sudden growth of a group of microorganisms including

foodborne pathogens due to mishandling and misuse of antibiotics lead to formation of microbes that

have a good tolerant with food processing and preservation besides exhibit antibiotic resistant. This

matter has induced the food industry to search for other optional additives that can improve the quality

and safety of the foods. Previous review study on antimicrobial screening of 93 plants listed in Malaysia

which majority of the plants have been used in traditional medicine or as food summarize that only 12%

from the plants does not exhibit antimicrobial activity and identified that Malaysia plant with

antimicrobial properties are Alpinia conchigera Griff (lengkuas kecil in Malay), Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

(pegaga in Malay), Cinnamon iners Reinw. Ex Blume. (kayu manis in Malay) etc. Previous studies on plant

products as antimicrobial agent show that major groups of antimicrobial compounds from plants are

phenolics, phenolic acids, quinones, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids and alkaloids

where it acts as secondary metabolites that have various advantages encompassing antimicrobial

properties against spoilage microbes and pathogen. Compounds derived from Malaysian plants have the

potential to be used for food packaging materials as these extracts contain active compound with

antimicrobial properties against microbes. Thus, the review will summarize on Malaysian plants extract

currently in use in Malaysia and to identify substances that being prospected and tested as antimicrobial

agent by researchers.

Keywords: Malaysian plant extract; antimicrobial agents; food packaging; natural sources.

59

PARALLEL SESSION 2:

ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING II

60

Paper ID: A195

Synthesis of Grease from Waste Oils and Red Gypsum

Mohd Najib Razali *, M Aizudin A. Aziz, W. N. Athirah W. M. Hamdan, N. Adilah Md Salehan, Rosli M Yunus

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: najib_ump@yahoo.com.my

ABSTRACT:

This paper presents a synthesis of grease from waste oils and red gypsum. The objectives for this study

are to develop high performance grease from different types of waste oils, red gypsum and also to

determine the best quality of grease based on different ratio of red gypsum and fumed silica. Grease is a

semi-solid lubricant that the composition comprising of three major components, a lubricating base oil, a

thickener and an additive. The grease formulated using four different waste oils as base oil which is

recovered oil from waste emulsions, waste cooking oil, used oil and silicone oil, while fumed silica and red

gypsum are used as thickener, molybdenum disulphide as additive and iron octoate as anti-oxidant agent.

Different ratios of fumed silica and red gypsum were tested in this research to determine which ratio will

formulate the best grade of grease based on National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) number grade

grease. The proportions of fumed silica and red gypsum involves are (80% red gypsum, 20% fumed silica),

(60% red gypsum, 40% fumed silica) and (50% red gypsum and 50% fumed silica). Evaluation is carried out

using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) to characterize the new formulation of grease in

term of penetration test, dropping point test, type of thickener and amount of oil separated. This test is

important to find the best formulation of grease from waste oils and red gypsum, by comparing it with

greases that available in markets. As the conclusion, when the amount of fumed silica and red gypsum

increase, oil separation decrease and the consistency of the grease increases.

Keywords: Red Gypsum; waste oils; NLGI; grease; waste emulsion.

61

Paper ID: A216

Algal Oil Extraction from Freshwater Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris

N. Abdullah, N. A. Amran, N. H. Mat Yasin*

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: hidayahyassin@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

This research aims to investigate the optimum condition of oil extraction method in order to extract

maximum oil yield from freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The modified soxhlet extraction method

was used to identify the best solvent systems which are heptane, heptane:methanol (1:1),

heptane:methanol (1:2), heptane:ethanol (1:1) and heptane:ethanol (1:2) for extracting the microalgae

oil. The effect of different mixing rate (rpm), temperature (oC) and extraction time (hours) were carried

out using the optimized solvent system to evaluate the optimum condition of oil extraction. Based on the

yield of oil extraction, heptane alone become the best solvent to extract the oil with the yield of 57.5%,

followed by heptane:methanol (1:2), heptane:ethanol (1:1), heptane:ethanol (1:2) and heptane:methanol

(1:1) with the yield of 47.5%, 44.8%, 43.2% and 41.4%, respectively. Heptane has a low polarity and also

low viscosity that gave an advantage to extract oil higher compared to the other solvents. Maximum oil

quantity of 61.27% was obtained after extracted the Chlorella vulgaris biomass using heptane as a solvent

at the following optimal conditions: mixing rate of 600 rpm, temperature of 65 ̊C and extraction time of 5

hours. This study confirmed that the oil yield is increasing with the increase of both mixing rate and

extraction time but at some point, there is no significant increase in oil yield. However, the oil yield gives

different pattern with the increasing temperature. An increasing temperature resulted in the increased of

oil yield, but at higher temperature (greater than 65 ̊C), the oil yield was decreasing. Too high of

temperature in oil extraction may cause partial decomposition of the microalgae cells and thus lowering

the yield of oil extracted.

Keywords: Soxhlet extraction; oil extraction; freshwater microalgae; Chlorella vulgaris; solvent systems.

62

Paper ID: A217

Study of Different Methods of Purification on Chicken Feather Biomass

S. Sharma1, A. Gupta*1,2, S. M. S. B. T. Chik1, C. Y. G. Kee1, P. K. Podder1, M. Subramaniam1, J. Thuraisingam1

1 Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resource Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun

Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Centre for Biocomposite and Innovative Materials (CBIM) Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Pahang,

Malaysia. * Corresponding author: arungupta10@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The feathers consist of up to 10% of total chicken dry mass and they have many potential industrial

applications. The keratin showed strong resistance towards the presence of pathogens. Primary

purification phases are complex because lot of blood born microbes, pathogens and parasites are present

in raw biomass. The whole extraction process of keratins from the unprocessed feathers is also a

challenging task. The present work was conducted to establish an efficient purification process of the

chicken feathers by using ionic and non-ionic surfactants. The purification was conducted by washing with

ddH2O, detergents, ether and lastly again with boiling water at (100oC). The washed feathers treated

with surfactants as given in Fig.1 and the effect of surfactant was analyzed by using different

microbiological test which tells about the extent of presence of different bacteria on the processed

feathers. SEM, EDX, FTIR were used to characterize the unprocessed and processed feather and the

difference between them was studied. The present study is describing the best purification process of the

chicken feathers.

Keywords: Feathers; surfactants; FTIR; purification.

63

Paper ID: A221

Anti-Lipolytic Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Chelianthes albomarginata against Pathogenic Microorganisms

R. Jarial1, L. Singh1*, S. Thakur1, M. Sakinah1*, A.W. Zularisam1, S.S.Kanwar2

1Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300

Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Department of Biosciences, HPU Summer hill Shimla, 171005 India

* Corresponding author: mimi@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic properties of selected fern, Chelianthus

albomarginata and to identify its functional compounds. The methanolic fern-extract (MFE) of these ferns

was assessed for anti-bacterial activities by measuring inhibition zones against a panel of pathogenic

bacterial strains using agar diffusion method. MFE at a concentration of 25 μg/ml showed marked anti-

bacterial activity against all bacterial strains (6-23mm zone of inhibition) and was maximum against

Enterobacter sp (23 mm). In addition, the MFE of C. albomarginata had the best MIC values of 2.25 µg/ml

against S. aureus and Enterobacter sp., respectively. The MFE also possessed good anti-lipolytic activity

(66.5%) against a porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) and cholesterol oxidase inhibition (79%). This result

showed that MFE of C. albomarginata under optimal concentration is not only a potent source of natural

anti-oxidants and anti-bacterial activity but also possesses efficient cholesterol degradation and anti-

lipolytic activities, that is to be beneficial in the body weight management.

Keywords: Chelianthes albomarginata; phytochemicals; anti-oxidant; antibacterial; antilipolytic.

64

Paper ID: A239

Utilizing Biomass Feedstock for Renewable Energy Production

Abdul Halim Abdul Razik *1, Mohd Zulkifli Mohamad Noor1, Muhamad Fariz Failaka 2, Marwan Elkamel 3, Ali Elkamel 4

1 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, 26300 Gambang,

Malaysia. 2 Department of Process and Energy Management, PT Pupuk Kaltim, 75313, Bontang, Indonesia.

3 University of Waterloo, Department of Economics, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Canada. 4 University of Waterloo, Department of Chemical Engineering, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Canada.

* Corresponding author: abdhalim@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Utilization of biomass feedstocks for renewable energy production such as bioethanol is one of the major

considerations for achieving sustainability targets. This study has considered wheat straw as the

feedstock and emphasized the economics of production pathways in the context of supply chain because

of extrinsic issues of biomass utilization. The objective was to design the optimal supply chain that has

included blending of the wheat straws and economic profitability comparison of the selected conversion

routes. Results: From the selected four conversion routes, the route with torrefied palletization plus

gasification was the optimal supply chain with the profit of 489330 per year. In conclusion, utilizing the

biomass feedstock for the bioethanol production has been studied from the perspective of optimal supply

chain. The optimization model was therefore developed for four conversion routes of converting wheat

straw to bioethanol. This conclusion was drawn by the limitation of availability and quality of parameters

or data used in this study.

Keywords: Biomass feedstock;wheat straw; renewable bio-ethanol production; conversion routes; supply

chain for economic profitability; optimization model.

65

Paper ID: A243

Fixed-Bed Adsorption of Aqueous Vanillin onto Resin H103

R. A. Samah*1, N. Zainol1, L. Y. Phang2, S. Abd-Aziz2

1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra

Malaysia, 43400 IPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia * Corresponding author: rozaimi@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Vanillin from aqueous solution was successfully recovered by adsorption using resin H103. Three

parameters were evaluated for identifying the performance of vanillin adsorption in fixed-bed mode,

which were bed height, vanillin initial concentration, and feed flow rate. The maximum adsorption

capacity was increased more than threefold to 314.96 mg vanillin/g resin when the bed height was

increased from 5 cm to 15 cm. Bohart-Adams model and Belter equation were used for designing fixed-

bed column and predicting the performance of the adsorption process. A high value of determination

coefficient (R2) of 0.9672 was obtained for the modelling of vanillin adsorption onto resin H103.

Keywords: Adsorption; vanillin; fixed-bed; breakthrough curve.

66

Paper ID: A257

Synthesis of polycarbonate by the terpolymerization of propylene oxide, epoxidized soybean oil and carbon dioxide catalyzed by Co-Zn Double Metal Cyanide

Farra Wahida Shaarani 1,2, Jordi J. Bou *1, Raja Nazrul Hakim3

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona,

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 2 Section of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Kuala Lumpur International College, Universiti Kuala Lumpur,

1016 Jalan Sultan Ismail, 50250 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Section of Polymer Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor

Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia * Corresponding author: jordi.bou@upc.edu

ABSTRACT:

The most common epoxides used for copolymerization with carbon dioxide (CO2) are propylene oxide

(PO) and cyclohexene oxide. However, given that the commercial productions of these epoxides are

highly dependent on finite resources and the volatility of the commodity price, these have triggered great

interest in finding an epoxide alternative from renewable resources. Epoxide which is derived from

natural resources like plant oils currently have become a potential candidate for the production of epoxy-

based materials such as polymers. Apart from being renewable, they are abundantly available and

possess excellent environmental credentials (i.e. inherent biodegradability). The feasibility to

terpolymerize mixture of PO and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with CO2 to produce polycarbonate was

studied. The terpolymerization reaction was performed in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst namely

Co-Zn Double Metal Cyanide and at fixed CO2 pressure of 40 bars. The terpolymerization conditions such

as reaction temperature and reaction time were varied accordingly. Polymer with an average molecular

weight (Mn) of 6498 kg/mol and yield of 72% was obtained at reaction temperature and reaction time of

80°C and 6 h respectively. FTIR and 1Н NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed the formation of

poly(propylene carbonate) in the products produced together with ether unit and cyclic carbonate. The

results obtained indicate the viability to synthesized renewable polymeric material from the natural

epoxide specifically ESO.

Keywords: Epoxidized soybean oil; propylene oxide; carbon dioxide; terpolymerization; polycarbonate.

67

Paper ID: A284

Biogasoline Synthesis from Rubber Seed Oil through Thermal Fluid Catalytic Cracking

S. N. Hassan*1,2, R. F. Sarulnisah1 , M. Ahmed1 , A. A. A. Raman1 And N. M. N. Sulaiman1

1Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia. 2Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: syaiful@ump.edu.my, syaifulnizam@siswa.um.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Biogasoline as a fuel has the same characteristics as that of commercial gasoline in terms of its molecular formula and physico-chemical properties. In this research, biogasoline was synthesized from rubber seed oil (RSO), which contains liquid forms of unsaturated fatty acids. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process was selected and applied to convert RSO to biogasoline. Catalyst used for this conversion was ZSM-5 zeolite, and the apparatus used was the FCC equipment set. During the conversion, the RSO was heated and cracked at fixed oil mass and different cracking temperatures, cracking durations and catalyst masses; followed with the product condensation to obtain the desirable liquid hydrocarbon product. After the overall conversion process had completed, the product from the cracked RSO was analyzed using gas chromatography method to analyze new-arranged gasoline-like hydrocarbon compounds in the liquid product. The yield of biogasoline obtained was achieved at maximum 35% from RSO. Based on the previous researches of biogasoline production from various vegetable oils and other organic resources, that yield was within 15% to 65% from all those materials using FCC method. Those results shown that RSO was another potential source of biogasoline production through only FCC conversion method.

Keywords: Biogasoline; rubber seed oil; fluid catalytic cracking; cracking temperature; catalyst mass; gas chromatography.

68

Paper ID: A120

Improving Biomass Properties through Torrefaction

Thuraiya Thaim, Ruwaida Abdul Rasid *

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Malaysia Pahang-UMP, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: ruwaida@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The world is currently facing challenges to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to achieve a sustainable

and renewable energy supply. With environmental issues associated with conventional fossil-based fuels

such as the release of the greenhouse gases, more researchers are turning to find alternatives, and this

leads to applying biomass waste as one of the renewable energy source. However, there are setbacks in

utilizing the biomass waste directly, such as it having high moisture content, and low energy density. This

can be overcome through torrefaction, which is a thermal pre-treatment technique at temperatures

ranging from 200 – 300oC. The aim of this work is to improve the biomass waste properties through

torrefaction. In this study, the oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) was examined, and its properties were

characterized based on severe torrefaction temperatures (280, 300 and 320oC) and at various residence

time (30, 60 and 90 minutes). The results revealed that the torrefaction temperature have significant

effect the solid yield, energy yield and heating value of EFB. At temperature 320oC and 30 minutes’

residence time, the mass yield was 57.97% and the high heating value (HHV) was 22.10 MJ/kg. This is an

improvement as the HHV of the torrefied EFB was 27.31% higher than that of the raw EFB. This can be

observed at temperature 280oC, when the residence time was prolonged, there was insignificant increase

in mass yield. Increasing the residence time results in only a slight increment for all of the severe

torrefaction temperature. This suggests that the 30 minutes’ residence time is sufficient, and prolonged

exposure to the torrefaction temperature will not affect the physical properties of the torrefied biomass.

This study has highlighted the potential of EFB as one of the feedstock for energy production process

through thermal treatment.

Keywords: Torrefaction, Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), Solid yield, Energy yield, Energy production.

69

Paper ID: A131

Effect of Various Power Level and Different Ratio of Fruit to Water in Oil Palm Fruits Microwave Sterilizer

Norashikin Ahmad Zamanhuri*, Norazah Abd Rahman, Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia * Corresponding author: shikin282103@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of using various power level and different ratio of fruit to

water in microwave sterilizer in order to acquire the shortest time of the fruit to be completely detached

from the spikelet. Normally, the palm oil fruits processing uses steam heating for sterilization of oil palm

fruit brunches. The conventional steam treatment of sterilization produces large amount of waste water

from the palm oil mill process. Also, this process is classifying as crucial process with the intention of

inactivate the lipolytic enzyme as prevention to the increase of free fatty acids (FFA) in oil. Therefore,

microwave irradiation is used in this research for solving this problem and improving of palm oil fruit

quality prior to extraction of crude palm oil (CPO). The optimal condition was 800W for 6 min of 100%

strip of fruit from the spikelet with 1:0.5 ratio. It can be concluded that microwave radiation is suitable for

quick detachment of the fruitlet from the spikelet and fruit loosening performed without kernels started

to turn brown and appeared dehydrated. Throughout the trial, the quality of the oil extracted from the

microwave sterilized spikelets in terms of the FFA percentage was acceptable. The quality of the oil is

excellent, with free fatty acids of the crude oil generally below 5%.

Keywords: Oil palm fruits; sterilization; microwave; stripping; free fatty acids.

70

PARALLEL SESSION 2: WATER &

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II

71

Paper ID: A291

Factor Affecting Solubilisation of Erythromycin from Aqueous Phase into Mixed AOT/SB3-18 Reverse Micelle Phase

S. N. Mohamad-Aziz, A. M. Mimi Sakinah

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia. *Corresponding author: mimisakinah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

A liquid anionic-zwitterionic surfactant based aqueous two-phase extraction was developed and apply

for the extraction of erythromycin. The solubilisation of erythromycin from aqueous phase to organic

was first having been studied. Zwitterion SB3-18 surfactant were added to ionic solution of AOT to form

an organic mixed micellar phase. Erythromycin was then mixed with the mixtures and forms two clear

phases. The parameters effecting erythromycin solubilisation including AOT concentration (20.0-120.0

g/L), zwitterion concentration (6.0-16.0 g/L), NaCl concentration (0.0-25.0 g/L) and aqueous pH (6.0-9.0)

were investigated via statistical software. Solubilisation of erythromycin into mixed reverse micelle could

be easily evaluated by the measurement of erythromycin concentration in organic phase. The result

shows that AOT and zwitterion give the most effect on the erythromycin solution by a factor 4.562 based

on the pareto chart.

Keywords: Solubilisation, erythromycin, mixed micellar phase.

72

Paper ID: A140

A Review on Rare Earth Processing

Liyana Nadirah Mat Suli1, Wan Hanisah Wan Ibrahim1,2, Badhrulhisham Abdul Aziz,12, Nurul Ain Ismail2, Mohd Rizauddin Deraman1

1 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Gambang, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia. 2 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Rare Earth Research Centre, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Pahang

Darul Makmur, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: anisah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The advanced technology recently, makes the rare earth elements (REEs) important and contributes a lot

of new technology application because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Renewable

energy application especially wind turbine and hybrid cars indicate increasing demand on permanent

magnet in the future. The major source of rare earth are mostly form this there deposit including

bastnasite (La,Ce) FCO3, monazite (Ce,La,Y,Th) PO4, and xenotime YPO4. China has control their

exportation quota will cause price of rare earth increase drastically. In this situation, we need the outside

China becomes another producer to keep world competitive and price control. There are much more

researchers develop hydrometallurgy for rare earth especially in separation part because they hard to

separate individually. Researchers are looking for a better condition to separate rare earth element which

is considered as critical analysis due to changing in their properties. Currently, it was reported that more

than a hundred of stages are required in order to achieve the best quality of REEs. Thus, the purpose of

this paper is to review and summarize the rare earth processing routes, the most method used by

industries, some scenario, and supply and demand rare earth in the world.

Keywords: Rare earth separation process; rare earth element, chemical treatment; solvent extraction;

biosorption.

73

Paper ID: A154

Interaction, Mechanism and Synergism of Rare Earth Extraction in Binary Extractant System

Nurul Ain Ismail*1,2, Anwaruddin Hisyam 1,2*, Saffuan Shariff 2 and Badhrulhisham Abdul Aziz1,2

1 Rare Earth Research Center, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh raya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia.

2 Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh raya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: ahisyam@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

In the synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth (RE) elements by binary mixtures of

organophosphorus acid and ionic liquid extractants, the extraction reaction depends on the nature

and strength of the interaction between the two extractants in the mixtures. In order to correlate

qualitatively the interaction in the absence/presence of (RE) elements, FT-IR spectra for Di-(2-

ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHPA) and Aliquat 336 (A336) extractants and their precursors have been

analyzed. Changes in the functional group behaviour in the spectra confirmed the presence of

interaction between the RE and extractants and the mechanism was revealed to be ion association.

Enhancement in the distribution coefficient and synergistic effect in the binary extractant system

compared to the individual extractant using solvent extraction technique towards La3+, Sm3+ and Y3+

were also observed. The highest distribution coefficient is from the Y3+, and then followed by Sm3+ and

La3+. This work demonstrates an impeccable extractant candidate for an improved and environmental

friendly RE separation in both laboratory and industrial application.

Keywords: Rare earth; binary mixture; ionic liquid; synergistic; interaction.

74

Paper ID: A157

Study to Improve the Efficiency of COD Using Ultrasonicated Membrane Anaerobic (UMAS) Under Steady State Conditions

Egbal H. Altoum*; Abdurahman.H.Nour

Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources

*Corresponding author: egbalaltom@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Sewage sludge wastewater causes series environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen

demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Traditional methods of treating sewage sludge

wastewater are disadvantages from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this study the

main aim is to improve the efficiency of COD removal using UMAS under steady state condition in order

to treat wastewater. Hence this leads in maximizing the COD removable efficiency to obtain optimum

operation condition, maximization of methane production as well as overall performance of UMAS in

treating sewage sludge, upon which further development on wastewater processes could developed.

Traditional methods for sewage sludge treatment have both economical and environmental

disadvantages. In this study the result achieved in COD shows an optimum rating from 79% to 93%. Thus

the main target of this method is reduces the treatment cost and reduction of solid sludge as well as in

increase the production of the biogas.

Keywords: Ultrasonicated; membrane; anaerobic; organic wastes; chemical oxygen demand.

75

Paper ID: A163

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compound from Pineapple Skins: The Optimum Operating Condition and Comparison with Soxhlet Extraction

Nor Halaliza Alias1*, Zulkifly Abbas2

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: norhalaliza@salam.uitm.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

A new method of extraction by using a microwave has been widely used in the extracting of bioactive compound from plants. In this research, the pineapple (Ananas comosus L., Merr) wastes (namely skin) has been chosen as it contains a very high phenolic compound and provide a good source of antioxidant to human’s health. The three parameters varied were the microwave power, the types of solvent extraction and the extraction temperature. Each of the samples was evaluated for the Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) and Antioxidant Activity (AA). The aim of this study are to obtain the optimum operating condition of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) in the extraction of phenolic compound from pineapple wastes and to compare the extraction yield between MAE and Soxhlet Extraction (SE) method. From the results, it was found that the optimum condition was at 750W microwave power, 60°C operating temperature and with the solvent ratio of Ethanol-Water (50-50) by volume. At this optimum condition, the TPC observed was 207.72 mg GAE/g dw, whereas for the EC50, DPPH value obtained was the lowest, 13.2 mg/mL. MAE has proven that this method is more effective compared to SE, by considering the extraction time and operating cost.

Keywords: Pineapple; microwave-assisted extraction; microwave power; total phenolic compound;

antioxidant activity; optimum condition; Soxhlet extraction.

76

Paper ID: A168

Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Identification of Antifungal Compounds from Seeds of Swietenia macrophylla King

S.B. Mohammed1, N.H. Azhari1*, Y.M. Mashitah1, N.H. Abdurahman2 and A.S. Mazza2

1Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia. 2Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: azharyhamid@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Swietenia macrophylla King, a plant used extensively in Malaysia for medicinal purposes. The objective of

the present study was to investigate in vitro antifungal activity of the extract as well as bioassay-guided

isolation and identification of compounds from most active fraction of S. macrophylla seeds. In the

antifungal assay, three clinical fungal strains; namely, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus

niger were tested by disc diffusion method. Solvent partitioning followed by preparative HPLC of the most

active fraction afforded four known limonoids and identified by spectroscopic techniques including FTIR,

MS and NMR. The compounds were: swietenolide (1), proceranolide (2), 3-O-tigloyl-6-O-

acetylswietenolide (3) and swietenine acetate (4). Among the fractions, ethyl acetate was the most

dominant and effective fraction. Moreover, compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed moderate to weak activity,

whereas, all tested organisms completely resistant to compound 4 and no inhibition zone was observed.

On overall, among the three active compounds; compound 1 showed more potent activity than other

compounds against all tested organisms.

Keywords: Swietenia macrophylla; limonoids; antifungal; preparative HPLC.

77

Paper ID: A170

Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient for Vitamin E and Carotenoid Extraction from Palm Pressed Fiber (PPF) Using Hot Compressed Water (HCW)

Muna Md Kamal 1 Noor Azian Morad,1* Yoshio Iwai,2 Pramila Tamunaidu,3 Mohd Sharizan MD Sarip1

1Shizen Conversion & Separation Technology (Shizen ikohza),3Environmental Engineering and Green

Technology (EGT) Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Ahmad Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, tooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

*Corresponding author: noorazianmorad.kl@utm.my ABSTRACT:

Palm pressed fibre (PPF) oil contains significant amount of minor components which are vitamin E (α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol) and carotenoid (β-carotene). These compounds are highly antioxidative which contributes to health by reducing lipid oxidation, free radical damage and other aging substances. A semi-batch HCW was studied on the effect of temperature within the range of 100 to 160°C for 30 minutes with an interval of 10 minutes at 40 bar using 1:15 sample to solid ratio. The analysis of minor components was conducted using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for vitamin E and UV-Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) for β-carotene. The mass transfer coefficient was obtained at the optimum temperature which found at 110°C. It found that the first order model has lower AARD compared to second order. The k values from the first order model for α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol and β-carotene under optimized condition are 0.177 min-1, 0.160 min-1 and 0.106 min-1 respectively.

Keywords: Hot compressed water; palm pressed fibre; α-tocopherol; α-tocotrienol; β-carotene; mass

transfer coefficient.

78

Paper ID: A175

Antioxidant Content and Mineral Profile of Pitaya Peel Extract Extracted Using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)

N. M. Zain *, M. A. Nazeri

1 University Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, 26300, Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: shikin@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) is used to extract active compounds from pitaya peels by using water as a solvent. Pitaya peels can be seen as a potential form of fruit waste especially in the food industry. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and mineral analysis of pitaya peel extract solution.The result indicated that the antioxidant activity showed a good correlation with the phenolic content. Meanwhile 14 out of 24 elements are identified, which are Ba, Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, and Zn. All those mineral data are validated by using the CCLASS software. MAE is the best optional equipment in the extraction since the integrity of active compound is still maintained.

Keywords: Pitaya; antioxidant activity; extraction; mineral profile.

79

Paper ID: A123

Water Purification Using Certain Sudanese Medicinal Plants Extracts for Heavy Metals Removal

Ghada M. 1*., Najla A. I1.,S ajad M. H1., Fida .A1., Eltohami M. S2,Adurahman H. N3, Hajo Elzein Elhassan 4 and Tilal Elsaman5

1 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum,

Sudan. 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan

3Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Malaysia Pahang University, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

4 Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.

5 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 2587, Khartoum, Sudan.

*Corresponding author: gadabio@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Recently, water pollution as results of industrial and economical progression is becoming a significant

environmental problem. Some heavy metals have bio-importance as trace elements but, the biotoxic

effects of many of them in human biochemistry are of great concern. Although several adverse health

effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues, and is

even increasing in some parts of the world, in particular in less developed countries. The main threats to

human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic.

These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by

international bodies such as the WHO. The use of certain whole plants and plant extracts is reported to

possess an ability to serve in water purification. The main objectives of this study are to test certain

sudanese plants ethanolic extracts namely; Mornga olefera, Typha latifolia and Cymbopogon proxmus for

their ability to purify water from mercury, zinc, chromium and lead. Analysis of the heavy metals

cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc were performed before and after treatment of water with the

extracts. The findings showed that ethanolic extracts of Morng aolefera, Typha latifolia and Cymbopogon

proxmus were capable of adsorbing the chromium, cadmium and zinc. Lead metal adsorbed by Typha

latifolia and Cymbopogon proxmus ethanolic extracts and the extract of moringa didn’t adsorb this metal.

It can reasonably conclude that, all tested ethanolic plant extracts had capability to remove such metals

also this finding confirm the traditional use of these plants in water purification

Keywords: Typha latifolia; Mornga olefera; heavy metal; water purification.

80

Paper ID: A124

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Commiphora myrrha

Aziza Dawood¹*, Abdel Karim M. Abdel karim¹ Ghada M², khalied M. Z.3

1Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University-Sudan. 2Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University-Sudan.

3Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg Medical University-Russia. *Corresponding author: Aziza1142014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Commiphora myrrha belong to Family Burseracea is an edible plant which has been widely used in

Sudanese folkloric medicine for cancer, leprosy, antibiotic, inflammatory complaints, viral hepatitis,. The

present study was aimed to determine the anti-microbial activities of ethanol (with different

concentration 30%, 50%, 70% and100%) extract of the Commiphora myrrha were against two standard

bacteria gram-positive and gram negative. also tested for antifungal activity against two standard of fungi

Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger In vitro. The results showed that the ethanolic extract with

different concentrations were effective against all tested bacteria with exception of 50% ethanol with

pseudomonous arginosa, 30% ethanol with pseudomonous arginosa and staph aureus.The result of

antifungal activity with Candida albicans gave high sensitivity with concentration of 70% ethanolic extract

and moderate with concentration of 30%ethanolic extract, while Aspergillus Niger gave high sensitivity in

concentration of 30 %ethanolic extract and moderate sensitivity with concentration of 70% ethanolic

extract. The results were compared with Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin as Standard drugs for bacteria

and Clotrimazole Standard drug for obtained fungi.The results of this work confirm the use of this plant as

antimicrobial agent in folk medicine.

Keywords: Commiphora myrrha; staph aureus; protues; psudomonus arginosa; .salmonilla; .aspergillus

niger; .candida albicans; ethanolic extract.

81

PARALLEL SESSION 2:

MATERIAL ENGINEERING II/

REACTION & CATALYSIS

82

Paper ID: A271

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Sago (Metroxylon Sagu) Via Autoclaving Method

A. Jamaludin, C. K. M. Faizal

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: mfaizal@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Sago (metroxylon sagu) is a polysaccharide bio resource, which is biodegradable and low in toxicity that

can be found in large scale in Mukah, Sarawak. A simple green method of synthesizing silver nanoparticles

(AgNPs) has been developed using sago dissolved in water as the reducing agent. The mixture of dissolved

sago and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 minutes. The size, morphology and

structures of the AgNPs formed in the sago solution were investigated through UV-Vis

spectrophotemeter, XRD and FESEM analysis. The synthesized AgNPs are spherical in shape and well

distributed with average particle sizes of 19.3 ± 2.7 nm.

Keywords: Green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; antibacterial; autoclaving; sago.

83

Paper ID: A290

Cellulose Extraction from Meranti Wood Sawdust Using Alkaline Pretreatment

Noridah Abdullah 1 Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim 2

1 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Kuantan, Pahang

2 Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang

*Corresponding author: idah_nor86@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Cellulose has recently become an attractive to researchers as an alternative source of biomass. It has

been widely used as a main source of paper since the beginning. Besides, this work is mainly concerned

on expanding the use of it in other different fields. In this study, Meranti wood sawdust is said to be the

one of the agricultural wastes that can be used as value added products. The Meranti wood becomes a

waste and a burden to an industrial as it will be disposed to the land or will be burned to the air. It will

cause an environmental concern such as emitting gas that cause greenhouse which is the predominant

reason for global climate change. This work reports the extraction of cellulose from Meranti wood

sawdust. The wood sawdust will go through the dewaxed process using hexane as a solvent,

delignification with sodium hydroxide to remove the hemicelluloses and lignin, bleaching using hydrogen

peroxide, and finally the wood sawdust was purified with acetic acid and nitric acid. The sample was

analyzed by infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric

analysis (TGA to confirm the result. The FTIR result showed two absorbance regions (1800-600) the

second corresponding to the range of 4000–2800. Thermogravimetric analysis is compared the MWS

cellulose with the commercial cellulose which is proof that the process is adequate to produce cellulose.

Keywords: Meranti wood sawdust, cellulose, extraction, sugar, FTIR.

84

Paper ID: A106

Effect of Filler loading on the Structure and Properties of Polyvinylchloride/Chicken Eggshell powder Composites

Sharmeeni Murugan *1, Yamuna Munusamy 1, Hanifi bin Ismail 2

1 University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and

Green Technology, Box. 31900, Kampar, Malaysia. 2 University Sains Malaysia, Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Materials and Mineral Resources

Engineering, Box. 14300, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: sharmeeni.murugan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

This paper investigated the effect of filler loading on the structure and properties of

polyvinylchloride/chicken eggshell powder composite (PVC/ESP). The compounding of composites were

done using Rheomix mixture internal mixer at 180°C and rotor speed of 30 rpm for 10 minutes to allow

the mixing torque to reach a steady state. The mechanical and morphological properties of PVC/ESP

composites under different filler loading have been characterized by a light weight tensile tester and

scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As the filler loading increases, the tensile strength and elongation at

break decreases where as the modulus strength increases. The modulus strength for PVC/ESP composites

prepared with 10% filler loading exhibit lower stiffness compare to PVC/ESP composites prepared with

40% filler loading. The addition of ESP filler has increases the temperature at which the decomposition of

the composite starts under thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, higher filler loading has much

higher thermal stability compare to lower filler loading.

Keywords: Polyvinylchloride; chicken eggshell powder; mechanical properties; TGA; SEM.

85

Paper ID: A268

The Formulation and Characterization of Hot Melt Adhesive from Ethyl Vinyl Acetate Based For Packaging Industry

M. K. Abd Rashid 1*, M. A. Abd Aziz 1, A. Hisyam 1,2, M. Musa 1, R. Mohd Yunus 1

1 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Rare Earth Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: mkhairushany@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

In recent years, packaging industry prefers to use hot melt adhesive based on polyolefin due to the fact

that polyolefin provides ease of processing, low off-taste, low smell and heat-seal ability. This research is

intended to develop the formulation for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)-based hot melt adhesive with the

same properties of polyolefin-based hot melt adhesive (HMA) since EVA offers lower cost than polyolefin.

In developing the EVA HMA, the EVA copolymers with various melt index were blended together with

resin, wax and antioxidant in the molten state. The performance of the new formulations were compared

with commercial polyolefin HMA. Its glass transition (Tg) and melt viscosity were measured by using

differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Brookfield Viscometer. The results indicated that three new

formulations and commercial polyolefin had a glass transition temperature between -20 oC and -25 oC,

which implied that the EVA copolymer blended with the resin was compatible. The peak observed on the

heating curve corresponded to the melting point (Tm). EVA-HMA 1 and EVA-HMA 3 were comparable to

the commercial polyolefin based on identical broad peak. Furthermore, the melt viscosity of all EVA-HMA

formulation and commercial polyolefin HMA decreased with an increasing temperature. Hot melt

adhesive with lower viscosity would have more flexibility to flow out, indicating that it had better wetting

properties when applied to the substrate. It was concluded that EVA-HMA 3 had the best performance

for the packaging industry because of comparable thermal properties and viscosity at desired

temperature with commercial polyolefin adhesive.

Keywords: Hot melt adhesive; ethyl vinyl acetate; formulation; packaging industry.

86

Paper ID: A295

Characterization of Polylactic Acid / Polypropylene Binary Blend

Mohd Rudzaimie, Mohd Bijarimi *, Zulkafli Hassan

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: bijarimi@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is widely used as a substitute to the petroleum-based polymers. However, it has

limited applications due to its inherent brittleness, low elongation at break and toughness. Blending of

PLA with polypropylene (PP) seems to be a promising alternative to modify the properties of pristine PLA.

In this work, PLA and PP at various compositions were extruded via a twin screw extruder. The binary

blend systems of PLA/PP were then characterized for thermal, mechanical and morphological properties.

Keywords: PLA, polypropylene, blends, biodegradable.

87

Paper ID: A167

Performance, Combustion Characteristics and Emissions of CI Engine Operated With Fusel Oil –Diesel Blend

Omar I. Awad 1, R. Mamat 1, 2, M. M. Noor1, F. Yusop 1, I. M. Yusri1, G. Najafi 3

1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.

2 Automotive engineering center, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. 3 Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: omaribr78@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Biofuels from biomass are meant to decrease significantly dependence on fossil oil and reduce the

environmental influences on energy use. Fusel oil one of biofuel that composed of a mixture of alcohols.

Fusel oil obtained by-product during fermentation of agricultural products such as beet, cone, sweet

molasses, grains, potatoes. According to the high research and motor octane rating also high density of

fusel oil compared with other fuels may be it will get an essential place in the alternative. The primary

objective of this study was to determine performance, combustion characteristics and emissions of a

single cylinder diesel engine operated with fusel oil -diesel blend. The study performed at constant engine

speed, 17.7 compression ratio and various engine loads (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%).The engine power,

torque, indicated specific fuel consumptions, maximum in-cylinder pressure, ignition delay and emissions

(carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, and nitrogen oxide NOx) determined. As results the engine

torque and power for fusel oil - diesel blend slightly diseased compared with pure diesel. However,

significant changings were not observed on the maximum in-cylinder pressures. The ignition delay for

diesel was shorter than of F20 by 5% at all engine loads. Furthermore, the increment in indicated specific

fuel consumption (ISFC) was happened especially with 75% engine load. Furthermore, the reduction in

nitrogen oxide NOx emissions happened at all engine loads. While the carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon

monoxide (CO) emissions increased. The high water content, low cetane number and heating value of F20

represent the reason of the negative effect on engine performance.

Keywords: Fusel oil; emissions; combustion characteristics; biofuel.

88

Paper ID: A198

The Effects of Different Ratios of Sonochemically Assisted Nickel Oxide and Zirconium Oxide Catalysts in Syngas Production

W. A. Wan Nurdiyana 1, Y. C. Wong 1*, Y. H. Taufiq Yap 2,3

1 Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan,

Malaysia. 2 Centre of Excellence for Catalysis Science and Technolog, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor. 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor.

*Corresponding author: yeeching@umk.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Heterogeneous catalytic cracking is currently one of the most effective ways for both reducing tar

content and enhancing hydrogen (H2) content in syngas at relatively low temperature, besides being

environmental friendly. Sonochemical treatment has also been shown to lower reaction times with

enhanced reaction rate and enables production of particles with high surface area. Two different types of

metal oxides, which are Nickel Oxide (NiO) and Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) at combinations of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1

ratios with Zeolite NaY as the supporter were synthesized via sonochemical treatment. The catalysts were

then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction in H2/Argon (TPR-

H2), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface measurement (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). From SEM and TEM analysis, Nickel tends to agglomerate and

form globular shapes, Zirconium forms coral-like branching structure and Zeolite NaY forms stacks of

cubic clumps. The most promising NiO to ZrO2 ratio for syngas production is 1:1 because it removes the

most reactive oxygen during hydrogen reduction at 0.83 x1021 atoms/g, has small crystallite size at 56.90

nm and has the highest surface area for maximum contact with the reactants at 506.52 m2/g. Generally

sonochemical treatment also reduces the catalysts crystallite size (54.83 nm) and increases the catalysts

surface area (506.52 m2/g) and oxygen removal (0.83 x1021 atoms/g) as well as lowers the reduction

temperature (637 K) which is favourable in term of production cost.

Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysts; nickel oxide; zirconium oxide; zeolite; syngas.

89

Paper ID: A261

Amorphous String Structure in Cu-Zn-V-Al Oxides Catalyst Prepared For Methanol Steam Reforming

Mohd Sabri Mahmud 1*, Zahira Yaakob 2, Abu Bakar Mohamad 2, Wan Ramli Wan Daud 2 and Vo Nguyen Dai Viet 1

1 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Dept. of Chem. & Proc. Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM, 43600 Bangi,

Selangor, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: mohdsabri@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

This paper reports an accidental finding of amorphous string structure (ASS) during the study of Cu-Zn-V-

Al oxide employment as the catalyst for better hydrogen yield in methanol reforming reaction. Mixtures

of the nitrate solutions of copper, zinc and aluminium were precipitated simultaneously with VOCl3 by

using Na2CO3 at the ambient temperature based on the metal mass composition predetermined on the

Simplex Centroid statistical design. The formed sludge underwent drying overnight in a ventilated oven at

120oC before it was crushed, sieved and calcined in a furnace at 500oC for 3 hours with nitrogen

blanketing. X-ray diffractogram (XRD) revealed crystals in the samples. CuO crystalline in Cu30V30Al40

formed with the addition of zinc oxide at the metal loading below than 30 wt%. Combination of zinc oxide

and vanadia however had no Zn-V complex crystal but its scanning electron microscopy image showed

formation of the ASS. The catalyst having the ASS showed broad hydrogen reduction peak in a

temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) analysis. Vanadium at the loading below than 40 wt% with

various zinc and copper compositions also formed small ASSs and exhibited single TPR peaks. Reaction

rate study revealed the optimum composition of metal oxide when the data was fitted by using response

surface plots but the catalysts with high content of the ASS were however not at the peaks. Cu-Zn based

catalysts showed the highest hydrogen yield for the reaction temperature of between 150oC to 225oC and

vanadia-promoted catalyst with ASS only appeared to be the optimum catalyst after that temperature.

Carbon monoxide yield was slightly decreased when air was added to promote the auto-thermal

condition of methanol reforming.

Keywords: Cu-Zn-V-Al; methanol reforming; autothermal; amorphous; string; fuel cell.

90

Paper ID: A208

Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) and Rice Starch as an Alternative for Urea Formaldehyde in Wood Composite Industry

Jayshree Thuraisingam *1, Arun Gupta 1, Malini Subramaniam 2

1 Centre for Biocomposite and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Centre for Biocomposite and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: jayshreekeshvan@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Medium density fiberboards (MDF) was produced in laboratory using bio-adhesives synthesized using

natural rubber latex (NRL) and rice starch with pressing time of 3 minutes, temperature of 180°C and

pressure of 5MPa. This present study is aimed on increasing and improving the physical and mechanical

performances of MDF by application of bio-based adhesives which comprises NRL and rice starch

solution. The effects of bio-adhesives used on the physical and mechanical properties of boards produced

were investigated accordingly and compared with the MDF prepared using urea-formaldehyde according

to the specific ASTM standards. In the composite preparation, bio- adhesives were used as manipulated

variable, where they were split into 5 further weight proportions. The samples were also subjected to

mechanical testing such as modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) and thickness swelling (TS).

Based on the mechanical testing done on the specimens, it is clearly indicated that higher percentage of

natural rubber latex used in the bio-adhesive’s formulation improves the modulus of rupture (MOR) and

internal bonding strength (IB) of MDF significantly. The physicochemical properties of these adhesive

formulations were of comparable range with UF, which indicates the promising feasibility of NRL and rice

starch to replace conventional UF in wood composite industry.

Keywords: Medium density fiberboard (MDF); Natural Rubber Latex (NRL); rice starch; Modulus of

Rupture (MOR); Internal Bonding (IB); bioadhesive.

91

Paper ID: A214

Synthesis of Superabsorbent Carbonaceous Fiber Polymer via Inverse Suspension Polymerization

Munirah Ezzah Binti Tuan Zakaria, Saidatul Shima Binti Jamari*, Suriati Ghazali Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: sshima@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Superabsorbent polymer is a class of polymers which own the ability to absorb large amount of pure

water, saline water or physiological solutions typically more than the traditional absorbent material. In

this work, superabsorbent polymer in beads form was prepared using inverse suspension polymerization

method. Acrylic acid and acrylamide was chosen as the monomer, ammonium persulfate as the initiator

and N-N’ methylenebisacrylamide (NNMBA) act as the crosslinker. A mixture of cyclohexane and span-80

was the continuous phase. Carbon fiber from Kenaf fiber was added as filler during the polymerization

and the difference between no carbon SAP and carbon added SAP was investigated. The SAP filled with

carbon fiber is called as superabsorbent carbonaceous fiber polymer (SPC). Water absorption testing

using teabag method shows SPC sample that contains 0.04 wt% carbon filler has the highest and optimal

percentage of water absorbency, 55.27 g/g. The characterization of samples was analyzed using Fourier

Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) coupled

with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and a particle analyzer, Mastersizer Srirocco 3000 model. All SPC and

SAP samples produced was in beads and powder form.

Keywords: Superabsorbent polymers; inverse suspension polymerization; swelling properties; hydrogels.

92

PARALLEL SESSION 2: TECHNOLOGY IN

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

93

Paper ID: A166

Review on Methods for Preservation and Extending Longevity of Foods Using Natural Preservatives

Z.I.M. Sharif, F.A. Mustapha1, J. Jai*, N. Mohd.Yusof, N.A.M. Zaki Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: junejai@salam.uitm.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Chemical, enzymatic or microbial activities from the surrounding environment and the food itself can

cause spoilage to food products. In the meantime, the recent surge in world population, calls for food

products to be stored and delivered from one place to another place. During delivery, food products will

start to deteriorate, loss their appearance and decrease in nutritional values. Thus, the presence of food

preservation methods such as canning, pickling, coating, salting etc. can solve this problem by extending

the food products’ shelf life, stabilize their quality, maintaining their appearance and their taste.

Meanwhile, the use of the synthetic preservative such as sulphites, benzoates, sorbates etc. for food

preservation can cause certain health problems. In this light, replacing these synthetic preservative with

natural preservatives such as salt, sugar, lemon, honey, etc. are much safer for human and environment.

Furthermore, natural preservatives are easy to obtain. They are also cheaper and more environmentally

friendly. There are two categories of food preservations, the advanced preservation method and the

traditional preservation method. The advanced preservation method is widely applied in food

preservation industry while the traditional is being applied at home or by the small preservation

industries in the village. In the meantime, traditional food preservations usually use natural food

additives. This review paper is focused on preservation methods that can prevent microbial spoilage in

the food products which will extend their shelf life without affecting their quality and nutritional values.

Besides that, this paper will also review on the natural additives that are suitable to be used for food

preservation.

Keywords: Preservation; natural preservatives; antimicrobial agents; antioxidation agents; foods.

94

Paper ID: A174

Enzymatic Production of Fructooligosaccharides from Phytoenzymes of Ananas comosus waste: Screening of significant range of parameter by using One Factor at One Time (OFAT)

M.J.Nur Dini*, A.Noormazlinah, N.H.Hamidi, A.M.Mimi Sakinah

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT:

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) which is develop from sucrose, are healthy and low calorie sweeteners, also

called soluble fibers that is safety for diabetics. Several studies have been conducted on the production of

FOS, targeting its optimization towards the improvement of maximum production processes. One of the

alternative was to produce FOS by using phytoenzymes from Ananas comosus waste. It is one of the

traditional and economic fruits that are available at most of the country. However, the waste product of

Ananas comosus is also increasing. Waste disposal represents a growing problem and can causes serious

environmental problems too. This review aimed to manage Ananas comosus waste and the screening of

phytoenzymes that can be converting into functional oligosaccharides. In this work, One Factor at One

Time (OFAT) using Design Expert version 7.0 have been applied to optimize the FOS concentrations by

enzymatic reaction of sucrose with phytoenzymes from Ananas comosus waste. The studied variables

were: temperature (30˚C-90˚C), pH (3-9), time of reaction (10-120 minutes), sucrose concentration

(20%w/v-80% w/v) and phytoenzyme dosage (10%-100%) of reaction respectively. As a result, an

optimum condition for each parameters to produce FOS are, time of reaction (100 minutes), temperature

(55˚C), pH (5.5), sucrose concentration (60%w/v), and phytoenzymes concentration (10% w/v),

respectively. These conditions are optimum for FOS production which is suitable for applications in most

food industries, in products such as sweets, candies, and dairy products.

Keywords: Fructooligosaccharides; Ananas comosus, phytoenzymes; waste; One Factor at One

Time(OFAT); Design Expert.

95

Paper ID: A103

Application of Density Functional Theory in Determining the Physical Crosslink between Carrageenan and Iso Vanillin

S. H. Abu Bakar, F. Mohd Said, F. Adam*

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: fatmawati@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Film of carragenan and vanillin have been produced with aims for hard capsule application. Physical

characterisations of film using XRD showed that there are crytallites presence in film. The crystallites

indicated the physical crosslink between carrageenan and vanillin through hydrogen bond interaction.

Computational analysis using density functional theory will predicted the possible location of the physical

crosslink to form complex between polymer matrices. The calculations for raw reactan and complex of

matrix were carried out using Gaussian 09W with analysis through Gaussian view 5. The molecular

electrostatic potential (ESP) for optimized structure for carrageenan and iso vanillin are shown in Figure

1(a) and (b) respectively. The red region represent the most negative electrostatic potential which can be

found around oxygen and sulphur atoms for the carrageenan molecule. While the blue region that

represent the most positive electrostatic potential which can be found around the hydrogen atom near to

the nearby the double oxygen atoms in vanillin. Therefore, both of this region may interacted and formed

physical crosslink via hydrogen bond interaction.

Keywords: Physical crosslink; density funtional theory (DFT); carrageenan; iso vanillin; molecular

electrostatic potential (ESP).

96

Paper ID: A275

Study of the Properties of Bearberry Leaf Extract as a Natural Antioxidant in Model Foods

N. A. Mohd Azman,1* S. Sharaani,1 N. A. Mohd Nazir, 1 S.A. Azhar,1 N. A. Awang, 1 A. Z. Sulaiman, 1 S. M. S. Tuan Chik,1 M. P. Almajano Pablos 2

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Chemical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Avinguda Diagonal 647, Barcelona

08028, Spain *Corresponding author: ainiazman@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The common bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. Sprengel) is a ubiquitous procumbent evergreen shrub

located throughout North America, Asia, and Europe. The fruits are almost tasteless

buttheplantcontainsahighconcentrationofactiveingredients. Theantioxidantactivityofbearberry leaf

extract in the 2,21-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation assay was

90.42 mmol Trolox equivalents/g dry weight (DW). The scavenging ability of the methanol extract of

bearberry leaves against methoxy radicals generated in the Fenton reaction was measured via electron

paramagnetic resonance. Lipid oxidation was retarded in an oil–water emulsion by adding 1 g/kg

lyophilised bearberry leaf extract. Also, 1 g/kg of lyophilised bearberry leaf extract incorporated into a

gelatin-based film displayed high antioxidant activity to retard the degradation of lipids in muscle foods.

The present results indicate the potential of bearberry leaf extract for use as a natural food antioxidant.

Keywords: bearberry leaves; scavenging activity; lipid oxidation; active packaging film; antioxidant activity.

97

Paper ID: A136

Modeling, Optimization and Full Factorial Design for H2S Adsorption from Wastewater Using Coconut Shell Basted Activated Carbon

O. A. Habeeb*, K. Ramesh*, R. M. Yunus, O.A. Olalere

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP),

26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: omer_habeeb2003@yahoo.com ; ramesh@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

In the current work, the Response Surface Method (RSM) is used to maximize the adsorption rate of

hydrogen sulfide (H2S) onto the coconut shell activated carbon. The considered design (or operating)

variables are initial H2S concentration, adsorption contact time and adsorbent dosage, while the response

variable is H2S concentration at equilibrium (Ce). Coconut shell is an agro by-product in Malaysia, which is

used as the source activated carbon in the current work. The combination of the operating variables are

determined based on the 23 factorial experimental design method. On the other hand, SEM, EDX and FTIR

techniques are utilized to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the activated carbon. The

H2S removal efficiency is investigated by utilizing the batch mode process. It is found that the adsorption

contact time and the initial H2S concentration play a dominant role in affecting the H2S removal efficiency.

Moreover, the ANOVA test shows that the model is significant. It is observed that the H2S adsorption rate

can be better represented by the pseudo first order model as compared to the second order one. The

isotherm adsorption mechanism models are also investigated in the current work. The resulted

investigation found that the adsorption process well fitted to Freundlich model. It is concluded that

coconut shell based activated carbon appears to be a favorable substance for removing dissolved H2S

from synthetic petrochemical refinery wastewater.

Keywords: Adsorbent; hydrogen sulfide; activated carbon; response surface methodology.

98

Paper ID: A149

The effect of weight ratio on the physiochemical properties of compost from palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge and decanter cake

N. H. Ramli *, N. E. Badrul Hisham, F. Mohd Said, T. Mariyappan

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, 26300 Gambang

Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: drhanuni@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

POME sludge and decanter cake can be utilized as compost fertilizer since it contains various nutrients

which is essential for the plant to grow. In this work, POME sludge and decanter cake were mixed at

different weight ratio and undergo composting process for 60 days. Throughout the composting

process, temperature is monitored to ensure that the sample has completed the process. After

composting process completed, the matured compost is analyzed for chemical composition, pH,

moisture content and water holding capacity. The temperature profile of composting shows a stable

response between the time composted and the composting temperature. Meanwhile, the physical and

chemical properties for sample with ratio of 5:5 (POME sludge: decanter cake) exhibit the best N, P, K

ratio of 3:6:11 and other macronutrient and micronutrient compared to samples with ratio of 8:2 and

2:8.

Keywords: POME Sludge; decanter cake; composting; fertilizer.

99

Paper ID: A128

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Aqueous Extract of Launaea arborescens

Seddiki Lamiae Salima1.2*, Mohd Roslan bin Sulaiman1,Belboukhari Nasser 2, OuldKhelil Aminata 2

1Inflammatory and Pain Group. Faculty of Bioscience and Health, University Putra Malaysia.43400 Serdang,

Selangore Darul Elhsan, Malaysia. 2Laboratory of Molecules Bioactive and Chirality Separation. Faculty of Technology and Science. University

Tahri Mohamed, Bechar 08000. Algeria.

ABSTRACT:

Launaea Arborescens is belonging to asteraceae family, it is growing in the region of Saoura (Southwest of

Algeria) it is used in local traditional medicine. This study was designed to investigate the anti-

inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-oxidant activities of aqueous extract of Launaea Arborescens;

therefore to provide for traditional use of this plant in treatment of gastric problem. The results showed

that AELA produce a high inhibition of inflammatory in formalin test second phase p < 0.001 with 100 mg

and 300 mg/kg. A significant inhibition of writhing p < 0.001 with dose 30 and 100mg/kg respectively

versus diclofenac 59% .However, the hot plate test, AELA has a significant reducing of pain at 150 min

with doses 100 and 300 mg/kg p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively. The morphine stays the powerful

analgesic. Furthermore, AELA showed important capacity of scavenging of radicals. The results obtained

in this study have exposed the capability of aqueous extract of Launaea arborescens in anti-inflammatory,

anti-nociceptive and anti-oxidant activities.

Keywords: Launaea arborescens; aqueous extract; anti-inflammatory; anti-nociceptive; methanolic

extract; antioxidant

100

Paper ID: A132

O3/S2O82- Oxidation of Reactive Red 120: Effect of Operational Parameters

S. N. Sabri, C. Z. A. Abidin*, Fahmi, S. A. Ong, R. Ahmad, S. H. Kow,

School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: zulzikrami@unimap.edu.my ABSTRACT:

In this research, the decolourisation performance of Reactive Red 120 (RR120) in aqueous solution using O3/S2O8

2- was evaluated. RR120 was selected due to high solubility in the aquatic environment. Ozonation (O3) experiments were conducted as a control, to compare the treatment performance after addition of sodium persulphate. All experiments were carried out under continuous operation in a bubble column reactor. Operational parameters, namely initial dye concentration, S2O8

2- dosage, initial pH, and contact time, were manipulated to optimize the performance of O3/S2O8

2-. The effect of parameters on decolourisation performance was identified based on colour and COD removal. The performance of colour and COD removal in the O3 was also compared with O3/S2O8

2- treatment processes. The intermediates were characterized based on its spectra evolution via UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The findings showed on increases in S2O8

2- dosage that leads to an increase in the decolourisation efficiency. In addition, when the initial concentration increased to 300 mg/L, the decolourisation efficiency decreases as high concentration of azo bond cause the deficiency of the oxidation process. The O3/S2O8

2- performance also improved in alkaline pH, in the presence of hydroxyl radical. By comparing these two treatments, O3/S2O8

2- obtained better removal efficiency in colour than O3. Keywords: O3/S2O8

2-; ozonation; decolourisation; reactive red 120; UV-Vis; persulphate.

101

Paper ID: A240

Chitosan Based Coating for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel: A Review

A. H. H. C. M. Yahya 1*, E. N. E. Dahalan 1, A. H. Sofian 1, A. Abdullah 1, N. M. Noor 2

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: abdhalimhadi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Natural occurring biopolymers exist as products of biochemical processes in living systems. They have

been employed for various applications based on their unique properties. This review describes the

utilization of chitosan, a naturally occurring polymer, in offering corrosion protection for the mild steel.

The mechanisms of protection were also been described as directly related to its unique molecular

structure. The application of chitosan reviewed were either in pure or modified forms. The interactions

between functional groups of chitosan with different inhibitors added to the matrix to improve the

barrier properties were presented. The antibacterial properties of chitosan in resisting the

microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were also highlighted. The

morphology of the enhanced matrix was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) while

the protective performance was studied using potentiodynamic polarization measurement and

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results reviewed support the possibility of using

inhibitor loaded-chitosan systems to protect mild steel substrate from corrosion.

Keywords: Chitosan; mild steel; MIC; SRB.

102

Paper ID: A242

Comparative Study Of Strong Anion Exchange Hypercrosslinked Poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) and Strong Anion Exchange Poly(Styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC): Synthesis and Characterization

M. Z. Yahya 1, R. Mahmod 1, N. Abdullah 1,2*

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2Rare Earth Research Centre (RERC), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: yatiabdullah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked of poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) and strong anion exchange

hypercrosslinked of poly(styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) were prepared via amination reaction in dried

toluene and dimethylbutyl amine (DMBA) as the amination agent. The products were characterized by

SEM, FESEM, FTIR, BET and elemental analysis. SEM and FESEM results showed that there were no

significant changes of the particles in term of morphology after amination reaction for both strong anion

exchange hypercrosslinked poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) and strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked

poly(styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC). Specific surface area (SSA) of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked

poly(styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) increase from 1035 m2/g to 1090 m2/g when amination reaction take

place. However, SSA of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC)

decreased from 124 m2/g to 27 m2/g as the amination reaction carried out. From FTIR spectra, significant

drop occurred at 1265 cm-1 band after amination reaction of poly(styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC). However,

strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) showed slightly significant drop.

Elemental analysis showed that nitrogen content of poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) significantly

increased from 0.101% to 1.46% resulted to high IEC value. Meanwhile, nitrogen content in poly(styrene-

co-EGDMA-co-VBC) only showed small increment in nitrogen content from 0.36% to 0.63% led to low IEC

value.

Keywords: Hypercrosslinked polymer; amination reaction; strong anion exchange; polymerization.

103

PARALLEL SESSION 3:

ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING III

104

Paper ID: A184

Performance of Layer-By-Layer (LbL) Polyelectrolyte Forward Osmosis Membrane For Humic Acid Removal And Reverse Solute Diffusion

Suriani Husaini, Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman*

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: mazrul@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT: Recent research study claimed that forward osmosis (FO) process could handle the fouling problem due it driven force based on natural osmotic pressure. However, researchers observed that FO membrane had problem with reverse solute diffusion (RSD) of draw solution. Therefore, FO membrane properties must be improved either physically or chemically in order to overcome this problem. Without significantly change the bulk membrane polymer, surface modification approach promise the best method to adjust the membrane properties. In this study, polyelectrolyte FO membrane has been produced through Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition method by using Poly (diallyl-dimethylammoniumchloride), PDADMAC and Poly (sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate), PSS as active monomers. Humic acid (HA) as part of Natural Organic Matter constituents was used as the feed solution and NaCl as draw solution. The highest water flux and humic acid rejection were achieved at 2.5M of draw solution with value of 2.56 L/m².h and 99%, respectively. In general, the water flux increases as the concentration of draw solutions were increased. However, it was observed that reverse salt diffusion (RSD) become worse at higher concentration of draw solution. Keywords: Layer by Layer (LbL); forward osmosis; reverse salt diffusion (RSD).

105

Paper ID: A191

Future Prospects of Biobased Detergent Derived from Jatropha C. Seeds Oil (JSO)

Said Nurdin *, Nor Hidayah Kamin, Malar Vizhli Sivaguru , Nur Syazwani Ghazali, Mohamad Zaki Sahad, Siti Farhana Haron

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, University of Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuh Raya

Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: snurdin2@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Commercialized detergents are synthesized by using either branched-chain alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) or linear chain alkylbenzenesulfonate (LABS) which contributes to environment issues. To alleviate these issues, the detergent synthesis by substituting the role of ABS and LABS has been being searching for. This work aimed to synthesize biobased detergent (biodetergent) from non-edible Jatropha c. seeds oil (JSO) containing fatty acid as a potential feedstock. Effects of process parameters of used potassium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide technique (POHYPET) on biodetergent yield were also investigated. The highest biodetergent yield (88%) was found at the potassium hydroxide concentration of 0.8 M, treatment time of 2 h and temperature of 80 °C. The physicochemical properties of the examined JASOB was indicated at the foam height (0.7-2.3), emulsification with oil (D), hard water interface (L) and pH (8-9). These performances of JASOB fulfilled the required essential criteria of detergent standard. The obtained Jatropha c. seed oil biodetergent (JASOB) using PROPYHET provides impactful results compared another biosurfactants sources, and the prospects of JSO can be deliberated as a renewal of fossil derived surfactants for future biodetergent. Keywords: JSO, fatty acids, POHYPET, foam, biodetergent.

106

Paper ID: A293

Preliminary Physico-Chemical Properties of Biodiesel Derived From Waste Oils

W. A. Ibrahim1, Z. Hassan2, N.A.M. Shamsuddin1, S. Hashim1

1Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang

Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: asma@frim.gov.my

ABSTRACT: The properties of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oils and grease trap oils fluctuates from different collection source. The properties of biodiesel derived from two types of raw materials namely used cooking oil and grease trap oil were monitored in the laboratory for 58 days. The properties being monitored includes the acid value (AV), moisture contents (MC), density and pH. Preliminary results showed that the biodiesel properties monitored fluctuates and did not satisfy some of the standard requirements for use in diesel engines during storage. It is recommended that addition of additives or alternative uses be identified in order to establish a complete system in the recycling chain of waste cooking and grease trap oils. As a lower grade fuel, biodiesel derived from these sources could be used in stoves and burners. Another application is for use as an alternative insecticide carrier of active ingredients such as insects fogging activities. Keywords: Biodiesel, waste oils, stability, calorific value, moisture contents, acid value.

107

Paper ID: A294

Template Assisted and Continuous Crystallisation: Control of Polymorphs, Protein Crystallisation and Bioseparation

Huaiyu YANG, Jerry Y. Y. HENG1,

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7

2AZ, UNITED KINGDOM. * Corresponding author: jerry.heng@imperial.ac.uk

ABSTRACT: It is well known that nucleation is a conception stage and governs the entire crystallisation process. In this work, the influence of porosity interfaces on heterogeneous nucleation and crystallisation of macromolecules. The influence of shear rate distributions on nucleation behaviors in continuous crystallisation crystallisers have been investigated. A Template Induced Polymorphic Occurrence Domain (TiPOD) concept on the nucleation of different polymorphic forms for small organic molecules is consistence with the experimental results, proving the role of porosity on the nucleation and crystallisation of macromolecules. The influence of seeding on the induction times for a batch crystallisation process and influence of seeding for bioseparation have been tested. An approach to detect surface heterogeneous nucleation based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) will also be discussed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations show increases in the amplitudes and frequencies accelerate the velocity of the oscillatory flows of the solution in the crystalliser, and correspondingly enhance the shear rate. The induction time of same system in oscillatory flow crystalliser (OFC) with equal driving force increases with increasing amplitude and frequency, then increases with a further increase of the frequency and amplitude, due to the complex influence of shear rate on kinetics of nucleation. The work here will demonstrate the importance of surface chemistry and surface porosity on heterogeneous nucleation and crystallisation and the importance of shear rate on the nucleation. Both template crystallisation and continuous crystallisation are developing fast and a potential more efficient and automatic method for manufacturing and purifying. By knowing the influence of porosity surface and kinetics on nucleation, we can control the crystallisation process.

108

Paper ID: A287

Effect of Coagulation Bath Temperature during Preparation of Pes Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane for Acetic Acid Removal

Sathiya Sanmugam, Norlisa Harruddin, Syed M. Saufi *

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: smsaufi@ump.edu.my.my

ABSTRACT:

Acetic acid is a byproduct of acid hydrolysis of biomass during sugar recovery step in biofuel production.

Acetic acid can inhibits the enzyme used during fermentation of sugar to the ethanol. Hollow fiber

supported liquid membrane (SLM) was used in this study to remove acetic acid from aqueous and

simulated biomass hydrolysate solution. Liquid membrane was formulated using trioctylamine and 2-

ethyl hexanol as a carrier and solvent, respectively. The hollow fiber membrane support was prepared

from 15 wt.% polyethersulphone, 42.5 wt.% polyethyleneglycol 200 and 42.5 wt.% dimethylacetamide.

The effect of coagulation bath temperature at 30ºC, 40ºC and 50°C during hollow fibre membrane

spinning was investigated. The porosity of the membrane increased as the coagulation bath temperature

increased. The porosity of the membrane prepared using coagulation bath temperature of 30ºC, 40ºC and

50ºC are 35.69%, 46.69% and 61.62%, respectively. SLM process using hollow fibre membrane prepared

at 50ºC of coagulation bath was able to remove 52% of acetic acid from the aqueous solution. The acetic

acid removal percentage decreased to a value of 31% when using simulated biomass hydrolysate.

Keywords: Supported liquid membrane, biomass hydrolysate, hollow fiber membrane, biofuel.

109

Paper ID: A251

Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer in a Nanofluid over a Stretching Cylinder

M. A. Kardri1,2*, N. Bachok2, N. M. Arifin2 and F. M. Ali2

1Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Tapah Campus, 35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Mathematics and Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

* Corresponding author: mahan702@perak.uitm.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The problem of boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a nanofluid over a stretching cylinder is considered in this study. The governing partial differential equations in cylindrical form are transformed into ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation. Then, the transformed equations are solved numerically using a shooting method. The results of skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, velocity profiles and temperature profiles for different values of the governing parameters are presented graphically and discussed. The governing equation of the problem show the effects of the curvature parameter, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The study indicates that, as the curvature parameter increases, the surface shear stress and heat transfer rate at the surface decrease. Keywords: Boundary layer; heat transfer; stretching cylinder; nanofluid.

110

Paper ID: A188

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Palm Pressed Fiber for Crude Palm Oil Recovery

N. H. Ramli *, T. Mariyappan, N. E. Badrul Hisham

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: drhanuni@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The crude palm oil (CPO) is produced from the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) after undergo many types of the

processing stages at palm oil mill. At first, the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) will undergo mechanical screw press

process to press out most of the crude palm oil (CPO) in the mesocarp of the fruit. Eventually, the process

produces palm pressed fiber (PPF) as one of the agro industrial by-product waste. However, due to the

limitation of the mechanical screw process, the waste constitutes of 5-11% residual oil as a ratio to dry

matter. In this work, ultrasound extraction method is used to identify the effect of weight ratio of PPF to

solvent and extraction time on the percentage of oil recovery. Hence, the chemical properties of the

extracted residual oil are analyzed by using GCMS to identify the component present in the sample

compared to the commercial CPO. The finding showed that the optimal condition for oil recovery using

ultrasound assisted extraction is at 1:5 of weight ratio (PPF: solvent) and extraction time at 30 minutes. In

conclusion, the residual oil is suitable for both edible and non edible application similar to that of CPO

since the compositions are almost similar.

Keywords: Palm Pressed Fiber, ultrasound assisted extraction, weight ratio, extraction time.

111

Paper ID: A210

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Dry Reforming over Lanthania-Promoted Co/Al2O3 Catalyst

Fahim Fayaz1, Nguyen Thi Anh Nga2, Bawadi Abdullah3, Huong T. Danh4, Thong L. M. Pham5, H. D. Setiabudi1 Dai-Viet N. Vo1, 6*

1Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City,

Vietnam. 3Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 4Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-

350, Korea. 5Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang, Viet Nam.

6Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: vietvo@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

La-promoted and unpromoted 10% Co/Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized using wet impregnation method

and evaluated in a quartz fixed-bed reactor at different CO2:C2H5OH ratios of 2.5:1-1:2.5 and reaction

temperature of 973 K under atmospheric pressure. X-ray diffraction measurements detected the

presence of Co3O4 and CoAl2O4 phases on the surface of both promoted and unpromoted catalysts. La

promoter facilitated Co3O4 reduction and improved the degree of reduction from 86 to 98%. La-

promoted catalyst appeared to be a better catalyst in terms of catalytic activity and product yield

regardless of reactant partial pressure. Both C2H5OH and CO2 conversions improved significantly with an

increase in CO2 partial pressure from 20 to 50 kPa for both catalysts whilst a decline in catalytic

performance was observed with rising C2H5OH partial pressure.

Keywords: Co-based catalysts, ethanol dry reforming, hydrogen, syngas.

112

Paper ID: A234

Preparation and Characterization of Nimo/Zeolite Catalyst using Microwave Polyol Method for Synthesizing Renewable Diesel from Jatropha Oil

B. H. Susanto*, M. B. Prakasa, and A. Faisal

Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia,

16424, Depok, Indonesia. * Corresponding author: bambanghs@che.ui.ac.id

ABSTRACT:

Biofuels have a great potential to fulfill the energy needs in Indonesia. The process used is

hydrodeoxygenation reaction (HDO) that products are known as Renewable Diesel. This study focused on

preparation NiMo/Zeolite catalyst using Microwave Polyol Process (MPP) method. MPP method is a

modification from incipient wetness method to overcome energy consumption and preparation time

problems. MPP was conducted by using a fast and uniform electric radiation from microwave as heating

medium to dry catalyst. The catalyst result by using MPP method had the surface area of 5.450 m2/g and

average crystal size of 62.98 nm. This catalyst was observed and tested its activity in hydrodeoxygenation

reaction to produce Renewable Diesel at 375 °C, 12 bar, catalyst loading 1% weight and stirrer speed of

800 rpm. The conversion of Jatropha Oil was 88.62% and with Renewable Diesel product selectivity and

yield were 35.26% and 21.52% respectively. According to result of FTIR and product physical properties,

Renewable Diesel products had similar functional group and better specifications than petroleum diesel

with density values: 0.833 gr/cm3, viscosity: 3.02 cst, and cetane number: 61.01.

Keywords: NiMo/zeolite; jatropha oil; microwave polyol method; renewable diesel.

113

Paper ID: A298

Green Extraction and Radical Scavenging Activities of Bioactive-Piperine from Black and White Piper Nigrum

Olalere Olusegun Abayomi, Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Alara Oluwaseun Ruth

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: nour2000_99@yahoo.com.

ABSTRACT:

This study encapsulate the microwave reflux extraction of bioactive-piperine from black and white piper

nigrum .The microwave reflux method was employed due to its ability to combine the microwave and the

conventional solvent extraction with an advantage of higher extraction rate, shorter irradiation time, low

solvent consumption, higher extract quality and high degree of selectivity. A robust Taguchi methodology

was used to study and optimize the effect of irradiation time (x1), microwave power level (x2), feed

particle size (x3) and molar ratio (x4). Antioxidant activity of the oleoresin extracts was later evaluated

using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The results obtained from the black

pepper refluxation placed the optimum extraction condition at 90 min irradiation time (x1), 350 W power

level (x2), 0.105 mm feed particle size (x3) and 10 mL/g molar ratio (x4) with an extremum ranking in a

decreasing order of x3> x4> x2> x1.However, the optimum condition of extraction for the white pepper

refluxation was achieved at 120 min irradiation time (x1), 350 W power level (x2), 0.300 mm feed particle

size (x3) and 6 mL/g molar ratio (x4) with a corresponding decreasing extremum order of x1> x4> x2>

x3.From the results obtained from concentration-dependent radicals scavenging activity it was concluded

that white oleoresins extract were much higher in inhibitory activity than that of black oleoresin extract.

Keywords: Microwave reflux extraction; Taguchi Optimization DPPH radical scavenging activities; Piperine; Piper nigrum.

114

PARALLEL SESSION 3: WATER &

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING III

115

Paper ID: A182

Degradation Efficiency, Kinetic and Intermediates of Phenol by Ozonation

S. H. Kow *, M. R. Fahmi , C. Z. A. Abidin , S. A. Ong , S. N. Sabri

University of Malaysia Perlis, School of Environmental Engineering, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT:

Phenol contamination is unavoidable as a result from industrialization. Though phenol contamination is

not a new issue and extensive studies on phenol degradation had been done; but wastewater matrixes

changes over time thus alternative treatments are necessitated. Ozonation has the capability to treat

wide range of wastewaters, including phenolic wastewater, utilized molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals

to oxidize organic compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of ozonation to

degrade phenol. Initial concentration and pH of phenol solution were manipulated to assess its influence

on degradation efficiency based on concentration and COD reduction. Whereas, the trend of phenol

degradation and the characteristic of degradation intermediates were observed via Ultraviolet-Visible

spectrophotometer. The findings show the degradation efficiency of phenol by ozonation decreases as

the initial concentration increased; and increases as the initial pH increased from pH 3 to pH 11. Phenol

initial concentration of 100 mg/L of phenol, with COD value of 216 mg/L, can be effectively degraded by

ozonation, with concentration and COD reduction of 93.9% and 64.8%, under the experimental

conditions. The degradation kinetic of phenol by ozonation is of pseudo first order; the kinetic constant

decreased as the initial phenol concentration increased. The UV spectrum of phenol degradation by

ozonation suggests the possible degradation intermediates are of carbonyl group such as aldehydes,

ketones and carboxylic acids.

Keywords: Phenol; ozonation; COD; UV spectrum.

116

Paper ID: A218

Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Cerium Using Synergist Extractant

N.H.S.H. Nadiatul1, M.F.S. Nurihan1, S. Z. Abidin1,2,*

1 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering,

2 Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: sumaiya@ump.edu.my.

ABSTRACT:

This work studies on the performance of synergist extractants (SE) on the extraction of Cerium (Ce).

Conventional extractant, 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione (HTTA) was combined with 3-

methylimidazolium bis(triflouromethylsulfonyl)imide [Cnmim][NTf2], n=2,4 at different ratios to identify

the best mixing ratio between HTTA and IL respectively. The effect of pH and temperature were also

investigated on SE. LLE was conducted by mixing the SE with aqueous phase of Ce in the ratio of 1:1. The

studies on pH and temperature were conducted in a range of 1.5 – 5.5 and 25 – 45 oC respectively. SE of

HTTA-[C4mim][NTf2] was found to have better extraction efficiency compared to HTTA-[C2mim][NTf2]

under the optimum pH of 4.5 – 5.5 and temperature of 45°C. HTTA-[C4mim][NTf2] also exhibits better Ce

extraction when the extractant was at independent mode i.e. HTTA or [C4mim][NTf2]. In conclusion, the

SE is more efficient at extraction of Ce compared to independent extractant under the pH value of 5 at

45°C.

Keywords: Rare earth elements; liquid-liquid extraction; ionic liquid; cerium; synergist.

117

Paper ID: A236

Effect of Wildfire on Soil-Water Characteristics of Natural Slope Containing Temperature Sensitive Silica-Alumina Polymorph Minerals

Mohd Yuhyi Mohd Tadza *, Anis Ayesha Noraini

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan,

Malaysia.

ABSTRACT:

Wildfires increased hillslopes erosion and surface runoff. The effect increased by several magnitudes when subjected to high intensity of precipitation during prolonged rainy seasons. The changes in geotechnical properties of soils affected by wildfire may jeopardize the stability of the slopes. In this study, soil specimens containing thermal sensitive nesosilicate polymorphs undergone wildfire and non-exposed to fire were collected and tested in order to understand the changes to the geotechnical properties and water retention behavior. Similarly, the changes to the slope were monitored up to a period of 270 days. The suction- water content soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) were established for the soils using a chilled mirror dew-point hygrometer. In addition, the changes in the mineral compositions were also evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis. Test results indicated that, the plasticity characteristics of the soils decreased after being burned. Concurrent to the decreased in the plasticity, the suction-water content established for soil exposed to wildfire was found to be slightly lower than that of unburned soils for suction lower than 1.5 MPa. Interestingly, the mineral compositions of the burned soil was found to be completely altered. Erosion occurred on-site was found to be attributed to reduction in the surface area and changes to the overall mineral structure of the soil. Furthermore, the removal of vegetation as affected by fire reduced the slope surface cover and caused erosion of the slope to occur.

Keywords: SWCC; postfire; suction; erosion; chilled-mirror hygrometer.

118

Paper ID: A255

Preliminary Study of Microwave Assisted Extraction for the Recovery of the Biological Active Compound of Musa Sp.

F. M. Said1, T.K. Quan2

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: farhan_msaid@yahoo.co.uk, farhan@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The objective of this research project was to identify the recovery of the biological active compound of Musa sp. thru microwave assisted extraction (MAE) system. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compound were investigated on the effect of microwave power, irradiation time and solid to liquid ratio. The extraction process was carried out using only distilled water as an extracting agent. The result showed that, fresh Musa sp. extracted 45% higher antioxidant compared to the dried Musa sp. 500 W was the best power of MAE to extract antioxidant and phenolic compound of ripe Musa sp, while 800 W was the best for unripe Musa sp. The best irradiation time was 90 s, where it extracted almost 90% antioxidant activity of ripe and unripe Musa sp. Almost 480 mg GA/100 g FW of total phenolic content was extracted on the unripe peel. Solid to liquid ratio of 3: 60 was the best parameter to extract antioxidant and phenolic content of ripe and unripe Musa sp. Overall, antioxidant and phenolic compound were significantly higher in the unripe peel, followed by ripe peel, unripe pulp and ripe pulp. The objective of this research project was to identify the recovery of the biological active compound of Musa sp. thru microwave assisted extraction (MAE) system. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compound were investigated on the effect of microwave power, irradiation time and solid to liquid ratio. The extraction process was carried out using only distilled water as an extracting agent. The result showed that, fresh Musa sp. extracted 45% higher antioxidant compared to the dried Musa sp. 500 W was the best power of MAE to extract antioxidant and phenolic compound of ripe Musa sp, while 800 W was the best for unripe Musa sp. The best irradiation time was 90 s, where it extracted almost 90% antioxidant activity of ripe and unripe Musa sp. Almost 480 mg GA/100 g FW of total phenolic content was extracted on the unripe peel. Solid to liquid ratio of 3 : 60 was the best parameter to extract antioxidant and phenolic content of ripe and unripe Musa sp. Overall, antioxidant and phenolic compound were significantly higher in the unripe peel, followed by ripe peel, unripe pulp and ripe pulp.

Keywords: SWCC; postfire; suction; erosion; chilled-mirror hygrometer.

119

Paper ID: A265

Optimisation of Palm Oil Mill Sludge Biochar (POMSB) For Heavy Metal Removal Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Ching Lam Goh1*, Mohammed JK Bashir2, Sumathi Sethupathi2

1Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Kolej Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Genting Kelang,

Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar

Barat, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: gohcl@acd.tarc.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Biochar produced from the palm oil mill sludge (POMS) through various pyrolysis conditions was used as

the adsorbent for the removal of copper in synthetic solution with the concentration 10 ppm. The ability

of POMS biochar (POMSB) in removing copper from the solution was studied through the influence of

pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and holding time. It was found that the efficiency of copper removal

is significantly influenced by pyrolysis temperature rather than the heating rate or its holding time. In this

study, it was found that 94% of copper in synthetic solution with the concentration of 10 ppm was able to

be treated efficiently by POMSB which was produced at the pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, heating rate

of 15 °C min-1 and holding time of 90 min with adsorption capacity of 47.08 mg-1.

Keywords: Palm oil mill sludge; biochar; pyrolysis; removal efficiency.

120

Paper ID: A173

Optimization of Extraction Solvents of Antioxidant Activity of Launaea Arborescens

L.S. Seddiki1.2*, K.H. Musa2; A. ABDULLAH2, N. Belboukhari1

1Bioactive Molecule & Chiral separation Laboratory. Faculty of sciences and Technology University Tahri

Mohamed. Bechar 08000, Algeria. 2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia. 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: seddiki03@yahoo.fr

ABSTRACT:

The effect of solvent type in antioxidant compounds extraction from Launaea arborescens aerial part was

studied. Launaea arborescens was collected from South-west of Algeria. The different solvents system

used were acetone, ethanol, methanol at different ration 100%, 70% and 50% mixed to water and 100%

water. The antioxidant activity of Launaea arborescens was evaluated using ferric reducing ability in

plasma (FRAP), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging system, 2,2-Azino-Bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-

6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and total phenolic content

(TPC) assays. The pure solvents were inefficient to extract the antioxidants compounds. However the

higher extraction yield were obtained from the solvent mixed to water 50% and 70% for all antioxidant

test. In addition high correlations between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Launaea

arborescens extracts were observed. These results were highlighted the presence of potent antioxidants

compounds in Launaea arborescens.

Keywords: Launaea arborescens; antioxidant activity; FRAP; DPPH; ABTS; CUPRAC; TPC.

121

Paper ID: A135

The Effectiveness of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Using Egg Shell

S. Sumathi1*, C.K.Yap1, L.K. Leong2, M. Yamuna1, M.J.K. Bashir1, I. Nurshasabila1

1Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar 2LKC Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang

*Corresponding author: sumathi@utar.edu.my Abstract The combustion of coal for energy had created severe environmental issues mainly due to the release of particular matter and flue gases containing sulphur dioxide (SO2) during the processing. At present limestone based adsorbent is used to desulphurize flue gas. Egg shell is a type of food waste and it contains high amount of calcium carbonate which is similar to limestone. In this study the potential of egg shell as a substitute material to replace commercial limestone based calcium oxide was investigated. Waste egg shell and commercial calcium carbonate (limestone) were calcined at various temperatures (750 - 950ºC) and holding time (2h and 4h). The calcined samples were tested for SO2 adsorption using a gas reactor at room temperature with a flow rate of 300 ml/min. The initial concentration of SO2 is 200 ppm. Characterization of the adsorbents will be done using FTIR, BET and XRD to understand the sorption behavior. Egg shell CaO takes about 110 min for saturation while commercial CaO about 180 min at the best condition. It is noted that egg shell could remove SO2 alike commercial CaO. However, the adsorption capacity of egg shell CaO is lower compared to commercial CaO, due to impurities. Keywords: Sulphur dioxide; adsorption; egg shell; calcium oxide

122

Paper ID: A134

Effects of Extraction Conditions on the Amount of Anthraquinone

J. Nurul Ain1*, A.M. Mimi Sakinah2, A.W. Zularisam2

1 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Malaysia. 1 Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: mimisakinah@ump.edu.my Abstract Natural dyes have been used for the coloring of textiles since pre-historic times. Nowadays, there were growing interest in natural dyes as the replacement of synthetic dyes due to general environmental awareness and the increase of public interest in natural products. Morinda citrifolia which known as mengkudu was used as the source of natural dye in this study. The extracted compounds from the roots of Morinda citrifolia was known as anthraquinone (alizarin) that gave a red color for the potential textile application. Although the extraction of dyes from Morinda citrifolia has been reported by another researcher, however, there were some limitations occurred, such as time-consuming and a high cost of production. The amount of unnecessarily long working operations should be reviewed in the context of cost savings. In order to overcome this problem, Morinda citrifolia roots were extracted using a solvent extraction method in this study. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of solid liquid ratio (SLR) (1:100 to 5:100), extraction time (up to 10 hours) and pH (1 to 11) on the concentration of anthraquinone. The anthraquinone extract was analyzed by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The best condition to extract anthraquinone from Morinda citrifolia roots were at 1: 400, 2 hours and pH 7 of SLR, extraction times and pH respectively. The study proved that Morinda citrifolia can produce the great colorants which can contribute in the textile industries. The effect of SLR, time and pH could describe the extraction behavior of Morinda citrifolia. Keywords: Dye; extraction; morinda citrifolia; anthraquinone; UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

123

Paper ID: A110

The Performance and Kinetics Study of Ultrasonic-Assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

N. F. A Shafie,1 J. M. Uloi,1, A. M. Som, 1 A. H. Nour, 2 Z. Hassan, 2 R. M. Yunus 2 and A. Yahya 1*

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 45050 Shah Alam, Selangor.

2Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resourses, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: asda@salam.uitm.edu.my

Abstract The development of palm oil industry in Malaysia has turned into a phenomenal in which the area of plantation expanded from year to year. In the meantime, the rapid growth additionally cause consequences from downstream and upstream activities to the environment for the production process. In the early ages, the residue from the production process was burned and the effluent was thrown into the waterways which cause serious problem to the environment. Therefore, new technology is invented to reduce the impact on environment at the same time used the energy recovered as an alternative energy source in the palm oil mill. The Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) is a promising technology that can be used to overcome these issue. From the study, overall results demonstrated that 2 hours sonication in UMAS was better in operation compared to 1 hour operation as it produced higher COD, TSS, VSS removal efficiencies and methane gas production. The application of Monod, Contois and Chen & Hashimoto models are used to analyse the performance of UMAS for treating POME. The results from the experiments show the substrate removal model in 2 hours of sonication operation is well fits for estimation of kinetics membrane anaerobic system. Keywords: Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS); Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME); kinetics; anaerobic.

124

Paper ID: A277

Properties of Mortar with Red Gypsum as Cement Replacement Material

A. H. Sidek 1*, R.M. Yunus 1, F. M. Yahaya 2, M.F. Baderolhissam 1, N.K. Ahmad Khan 1

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia. *Corresponding author: amirul.hsk@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Red Gypsum (RG) was used as cement replacement material in developing a new type of cement brick.

RG, an industrial waste, was collected from a nearby chemical plant at Kemaman. RG was chosen based

on its physical and chemical properties which showed compatibility with mortar formulation, its huge

volume and available at landfills in Malaysia. Upon casting and curing of the mortar at various

compositions, the samples were analyzedbased on compressive strength, water absorption and scanning

electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that RG gave a negative impact on the strength of the

casted mortar, in contradiction with the previous findings by other researchers. Chemical analysis via

Thermogravimetric (TGA) indicated higher percentage of water losses, lower percentage of calcium

silicate hydrate (CSH) and lower percentage of decarbonation of calcium carbonate in mortar samples

with RG. Images from SEM also concluded that introduction of RG in the mortar increased the porosity of

the mortar, hence reduced the overall strength of the mortar.

Keywords: Red gypsum, paver, mortars, fine aggregate, mechanical properties, chemical properties.

125

PARALLEL SESSION 3:

PROCESS SYSTEM ENGINEERING I

126

Paper ID: A111

Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Co2 Absorption into Mixed Aqueous Solutions MDEA/PZ

N. Harun*, E. E. Masiren

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: noorlisa@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT Amine absorption process is an approach for mitigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas that produces from power plant. In the past few years, mixed alkanolamines have received increasing attention. In most cases, the mixtures contain N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as the base amine with the addition of reactive amine such as piperazine (PZ). Several experimental and simulation studies have been undertaken to understand this process but the mechanism of CO2 absorption into the aqueous MDEA/PZ is not well understood and available knowledge within the open literature is limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the intermolecular interaction of the blended MDEA/PZ using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The results were interpreted in terms of Radial Distribution Function (RDF) analysis. It was observed that the hydroxyl group (–OH) of MDEA is more attracted to water molecule compared to amino group (–NH) of MDEA. The intermolecular interaction probability of –OH and –NH group of MDEA with CO2 in blended MDEA/PZ is higher than using single MDEA. This finding shows that PZ molecule act as an activator to promote the intermolecular interaction between MDEA and CO2.Thus, blend of MDEA with PZ is expecting to increase the absorption rate of CO2 and reduce the heat regeneration requirement. Keyword: Molecular dynamic simulation, radial distribution function, blend MDEA/PZ, CO2 capture

127

Paper ID: A119

Selective Combination in Multiple Neural Networks Prediction Using Independent Component Regression (ICR) Approach

See L.. F 1, Rahim, N. A2, Ahmad, Z *3, Zhang, J4

1,3 School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300

Nibong Tebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 2 River Basin Research Centre, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia, Lot 5377, Jalan Putra

Permai, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia. 4 School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne

NE1 7RU, UK. *Corresponding author: chzahmad@usm.my

ABSTRACT Biological processes are highly nonlinear in nature and difficult to represent accurately by simple mathematical models. However, this problem can be solved by using neural network. Neural network is a prominent modeling tool especially when it comes to intricate process such as biological process. In this paper, a multiple single hidden layer with ten hidden neurons Feedforward Artificial Neural Network (FANN) was used to model the complex and dynamic relationships between the input (dilution rate, D) and outputs (conversion, y and dimensionless temperature value, θ) for the reactive biological process. Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation training method was used. The multiple neural networks predicted outputs were then combined through simple averaging, Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Independent Component Regression (ICR) methods. Multiple neural networks which were created by the bootstrap approach help improved single neural network performance as well as the model robustness for nonlinear process modeling. Comparison was made between the three methods. The result showed that ICR is superior between the three methods. This is due to the ICs used the latent factors of the y and θ values for combination. Keywords: Independent component regression; multiple neural network; principle component regression; reactive biological process.

128

Paper ID: A121

Development of Equation Oriented Modelling of Advanced Distillation Process Using MOSAIC: DWC Case

Study

R. Idris *, C.T. Hing, N. Harun, M. R. Othman

Process Systems Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, FKKSA,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: ka11186@stdmail.ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT This paper presents the development of an equation oriented models of chemical processes using

MOSAIC. MOSAIC is a web-based modelling software developed at DBTA, TU Berlin. It provide a new

platform which can be used as an alternative to the current approach of modeling using programing

languages. MOSAIC is particularly useful in developing custom models of process unit operation that is

not readily available in sequential modular based process simulators. MOSAIC allow users to develop

models, generate the models’s code and translate the model into different environments i.e. gPROMS,

Aspen custom Modeler (ACM), Matlab etc. To shows its efficiency, a dividing wall column (DWC) for

oleochemical fatty acid (FA) fractionation were modelled. A step by step approach to the modelling using

MOSAIC is shown. The results are in agreement with data from steady state simulation in Aspen Plus.

Furthermore, the modelling effort is made possible even without the knowledge of programming

languages with fewer errors and saves time as well. In addition, a comparison with other software is

highlighted which is useful in aiding researchers to choose MOSAIC for any modelling works.

Keywords: Equation oriented modeling; dividing wall column; fatty acid separation; MOSAIC.

129

Paper ID: A142

Simulation of Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Wood Sawdust for Xylose Production using Aspen Plus (Effect of Temperature)

N.H.Ibrahim, W.H.W.Ibrahim*, A.M. Mimi Sakinah, N. Harun, Mohamad Rizza Othman

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh Raya Tun Razak,

26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: anisah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT Dilute acid hydrolysis is one of the most effective and inexpensive pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic biomass. Generally in hydrolysis process, monomeric sugars and soluble sugar oligomers (xylose and glucose) from the cell wall matrix are released into the hydrolysate. The aim of this study is to develop and simulate process model including heating, hydrolysis, neutralization, separation and cooling process for xylose production using Aspen Plus simulator. Based on experimental study for xylose production, a flowsheet has been proposed for a possible commercial production. Sawdust was used as a feedstock for the simulation as it has above 29% of xylan content, which is a promising source for xylose recovery. The hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose to its monomeric constituents and possible degradation of these monomers were modeled by a series of first-order reactions. A kinetic and stoichiometric based reactor was used for dilute acid hydrolysis and neutralization process. The main reactions involved were implemented for both reactor with specified kinetic parameter and conversion factor. The results from the simulation were compared with experimental study from literature. Results from the developed process model conducted at 130°C using 6% H2SO4 concentrations at 60 minute residence time shows that 18.27 g/L of xylose and 4.07 g/L of glucose was recovered from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. These results were ideal to experimental study with 1.4 % error for xylose recovery and 3.4 % error for glucose recover.

Keywords: Sawdust; simulation; aspen plus; acid hydrolysis; kinetic reaction

130

Paper ID: A165

Optimization of Flooded Soil Recovery via Plant-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiotic Interaction

Nor Hazwani Aziz, Norazwina Zainol*, Nanthinie Thangaperumal, Nor Hanisah Zahari

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: azwina@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT Flooded soil recovery was investigated using experimental design methodology by manipulating the

symbiotic relationship between soil fungi, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the host plant (Allium

cepa L.) planted in a soil containing AMF (SA). This was achieved by measuring the amount of nutrient

(nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by AMF using HACH spectrophotometer after 14 days of

planting in several condition suggested by Design-Expert® software (Ver 7.1.6). In order to determine the

optimum condition for the AMF to recover the flooded soil, the experiments were designed according to

a central composite design in two variables following the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A

quadratic polynomial model was generated to predict soil recovery. R2 for nitrogen, phosphorus and

potassium was found at 0.89, 0.96 and 0.94 respectively of the range for the factors studied namely 24-

32 ml water content and 4.0-6.0 cm depth of soil. Among two parameters, depth of soil showed

significant effect on the recovery of flooded soil for phosphorus and potassium while for nitrogen both

parameters showed insignificant effect. Model validation experiments showed good correspondence

between experimental and predicted values at error for N, P, and K at 7.0%, 1.86% and 2.65%

respectively. The optimal condition for soil recovery was at 28 ml soil water content and 5 cm soil depth.

At this condition, the nutrient uptake by AMF was predicted to be at their maximum rate where the

concentration of nutrients increased approximately by 2 to 3 times from the initial nutrient

concentration.

Keywords: Optimization; flooded soil recovery; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf); onion plant; response

surface methodology.

131

Paper ID: A193

Simulation and Optimizing of Waste Gas Fuel Cell System for Power Generation

Ahmad Nafees *

Department of Chemical Engineering, Petroleum Institute, P. O. Box: 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

*Corresponding author: anafees@pi.ac.ae

ABSTRACT This research article deals with design of an integrated system comprising of solid oxide fuel cell that uses

waste gases as a feedstock and generates power. The flare gases from plant units have varied

composition and quality. Therefore, a thorough study was conducted to identify suitable feed stock and

average composition of feedstock. Afterward, a solid oxide fuel cell was chosen as a desirable system due

to high efficiency, size and feed advantages. A simulation model was developed using Aspen HYSYS

simulation software. The main components of the process consists of gas treatment system, compressed

and heated air and SOFC fuel cell. The fuel cell had been modeled using reactors, splitter, heater and

recycle. The system generation net electricity of 20187.3 KW using 2.5 Kg/s feed. Subsequently, a heat

integration was performed to optimize and reduce the heating requirement of the system. The resulting

model improve model performance by approximately 300 KW. Multiple case studies have been

performed to gauge effect of process parameter such as composition, temperature, pressure, feed to air

ratio and other parameters. It was found that mass flow rate of feed has largest impact. An overall

economic evaluation of the project was performed to find the economic feasibility of the project. In

addition, Monte-Carlo simulation was utilized to assess the risk of the project and profitability.

Keywords: Simulation; fuel cell; power generation; waste gas, optimization.

132

Paper ID: A235

Application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in prioritizing HAZOP analysis for pilot plant

Hanida Abdul Aziz1, Azmi Mohd Shariff3, Lian See Tan4, Mohamad Rizza Othman2*

1, 2 Process Systems Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural

Resources,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. 3 Centre of Advanced Process Safety, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia. 4 Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Corresponding author: rizza@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT Injuries, accidents or even fatalities while working in pilot plant are reported worldwide. The

implementation of process hazards analysis (PHA) in pilot plant is expected to further reduce the risks of

accidents. Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is one of the most widely used methods for PHA.

Generally, the outcome of HAZOP analysis could results in identifying large number of hazards thus poses

a challenge for assessors to take actions in dealing with all the hazards. The common practice in

prioritizing the critical hazards is based on assessors’ experience through deductive judgment using rating

scale, taking into consideration safety and the associated costs. However the novel operations and

process used, unproven or changing technology, and lack of safety information due to developmental

stages have led to poor hazards prioritization and difficulty in selecting actions. This paper presents an

application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in prioritizing HAZOP analysis for pilot plant. Through this

approach, the significant hazards identified using HAZOP will be quantitatively weighted and ranked

based on their priority along with the appropriate counter measures to be taken. Application of this

approach at the high pressure CO2-hydrocarbon absorption system pilot plants as case study showed that

the proposed methodology is capable of identifying and ranking the significant hazards in the process

following HAZOP analysis. This is particularly useful as a leading indicator to process

designers/engineers/researcher in prioritizing their efforts and resources on more significant hazards,

hence prevent accidents of the pilot plant.

Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); hazard and operability (HAZOP); pilot plant; process hazards

analysis.

133

Paper ID: A246

Assessment on Tracking Performance for X-Axis of Ball Screw Drive System

N. A. Anang1, L. Abdullah1*, Z. Jamaludin1, S. N. S. Salim2, Z. Retas1, S. C. K. Junoh1, T. H. Chiew1

1Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka,

Malaysia. 2Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka,

Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: lokman@utem.edu.my

ABSTRACT Excellence in tracking performance is crucial in control system environment. Several techniques are

promoted to improve the tracking performance of ball screw drive system such as by reducing the

tracking error. In this paper, the performance of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Cascade P/PI

controllers are examined and the parameters are set based on 10mm and 20mm of amplitude of 0.4Hz

and 0.7Hz frequency. The investigation is focused on a comparative study of these two techniques that

applied to X-Axis of Googol Tech XYZ ball screw drive system. Results between the designed controllers

are validated both numerically and experimentally based on the maximum tracking error and Root Mean

Square Error (RMSE). The results reveal that the Cascade P/PI controller recorded better tracking

performance compared to PID controller. Furthermore, Cascade P/PI shows the highest reduction error

when lower frequency is used which is up to 73%.

Keywords: Ball screw drive system; tracking performance; PID; Cascade P/PI.

134

Paper ID: A263

Combined Internal Model and Inferential Control for n-butane/i-butane distillation column

Dinie Muhammad, Zainal Ahmad, Norashid Aziz *

School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300

Nibong Tebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Penang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: chnaziz@usm.my, annursi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT Background: Distillation column control has been studied extensively over the last half century and

application of model based controller (MBC) has shown high potential to be implemented. To date, there

are many variation of MBC that have been developed using different techniques. One of them is

Combined Internal Model and Inferential Control (CIMIC). CIMIC is a modified version of Internal Model

Control (IMC) which utilizes inferential techniques in its model based control scheme. In this study, CIMIC

is applied to control an industrial n-butane/i-butane distillation column. The distillation column is

simulated using Aspen Plus and its linearized model is used as process model inside the CIMIC. The CIMIC

control scheme exploit the conventional 2DOF IMC control scheme with an additional control loop used

as inferential to the primary loop. In order to evaluate CIMIC performance, original control schemes i.e.

IMC and 2DOF IMC are also being tested as comparison. Based on the tests, CIMIC has demonstrated an

improved performance compared to the mentioned control schemes. CIMIC produces 30% better

setpoint tracking, 90% better in nput disturbance rejection and 14% better in output disturbance

rejection.

Keywords: Distillation control; internal model control (IMC); Aspen Plus, CIMIC.

135

Paper ID: A155

Comparison of Hydrogen Production Using Raw and Torrefied Oil Palm Frond in Fluidized Bed Gasification

Process

M. B. Muslim, S. Saleh and N. A. F. A. Samad*

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: asmafazli@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT A fluidized bed gasification model has been developed by using Aspen Plus as the simulation and

modelling tool. Air and steam were used as the oxidizing agent in the process. The feedstock chosen

consists of raw oil palm frond (OPF), torrified OPF at temperature of 240°C and torrified OPF at

temperature of 300°C. The hydrogen gas composition obtained using fluidized bed gasification model

from all feedstock were then analysed together with lower heating value (LHV) and cold gas efficiency

(CGE). The simulation results show the torrefied OPF at temperature of 300°C produced the higher

amount of hydrogen gas (7.73%) at gasifier temperature of 800 °C and steam to biomass ratio (S/B) of 1.0

compared to raw OPF (7.70%) and torrefied OPF at temperature of 240°C (7.71%). This indicates a

torrified biomass at higher temperature improves the hydrogen production. In addition the use of

torrified biomass also contributes to higher LHV and increase the efficiency of the gasification process.

Keywords: Biomass; fluidized bed gasifier; aspen plus; hydrogen; torrefaction.

136

PARALLEL SESSION 3: FOOD &

BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING II

137

Paper ID: A230

Application of Factorial Design on the Effects of Operational Parameters on Bacillus CEREUS (ATCC 14579) Growth Pattern

Mani Malam Ahmad*, Abd. Aziz Mohd Azoddien, Mior Ahmad Khusairi Mohd Zahari, Mazrul Nizam Abu

Seman

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: mmahmadu@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Background: Biochemical activities of substrate dissimilation and biosynthesis under selected operational

parameters of an orbital shaker have been found to affect bacterial growth kinetics. Objective: A 23

fractional factorial design of experiment was used to investigate the effects of nutrient concentration (A),

temperature (B), acclimatization time (C) and agitation (D on the growth dynamic of Bacillus cereus (ATCC

14579). Results: The results revealed that a significant model and terms with (p <0.004) paying a

significant contribution to B. cereus growth. The interaction of AB shows a significant contribution to the

inoculum growth (p<0.003) as main contributing variables. Also, R2 value (0.09984) maintained the data

to have fitted to the predicted model. Changes in the growth influencing factors, universally termed as

“stress phenomenon” have been known to dictate the growth pattern of a bacterial isolates, even among

the likes of B. cereus that can withstand these environmental changes by forming stress-resistant

endospore. Conclusion: Although the interaction terms have significant effects, their levels were only less

likely comparable to linear effects. In general, the predicted value was in reasonable agreement with the

experimental data, further confirming the very good prediction ability of the model.

Keywords: Factorial design; operational parameters; effect; Bacillus cereus; growth.

138

Paper ID: A233

Polyester Thin Film Composite Nanofiltration Membranes via Interfacial Polymerization: Influence of Five Synthesis Parameters on Water Permeability

K. H. Mah1, H. W. Yussof1*, M. N. Abu Seman1, & A. W. Mohammad2

1Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: hafizuddin@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Polyester thin film composite nanofiltration membranes were synthesized on the polyethersulfone (PES)

support via the interfacial polymerization between triethanolamine (TEOA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC).

Water permeability measurement were conducted on 16 polyester thin film composite membranes to

evaluate the influences and interactions of five synthesis parameters: TEOA concentration (X1), TMC

concentration (X2), reaction time (X3), pH of aqueous phase solution (X4), and curing (X5). These

parameters were varied simultaneously between two limit levels using fractional factorial design, allowing

investigation of parameters with lesser samples as well as statistical analysis of results. The regression

model between the response and the parameters were developed and the fitted model were tested with

analysis of variance (ANOVA). The R2 for the model was 0.94 implying the predicted values were in

reasonable agreement with the experimental data, confirming the high predictability of the applied

model. The relative size of effects is visually demonstrated in a Pareto chart. It could be concluded that

the significant effects were in the order of X2> X5> X2X5> X3> X1. This study leads up to a regression

model that will allow the synthesis of polyester thin film composite membranes via interfacial

polymerization with desired water permeability within the range studied.

Keywords: Thin film composite membrane; interfacial polymerization; synthesis parameters; fractional

factorial design; water permeability.

139

Paper ID: A238

Design and Fabrication of an Oscillatory Flow Reactor

N. N. Azaini, N. Masngut*

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: nasratun@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Oscillatory flow reactor (OFR) is a novel type of tubular reactor consist of an equally spaced orifice baffles

(or sometimes called as doughnut baffles) fitted inside the column of the reactor. OFR can be applied in

biological and chemical processes such as crystallisation of paracetamol, biofuel production, and

production of sterols in an ester saponification reaction. A standard OFR design consists of a tubular

column range within 10 mm to 150 mm internal diameter and can either be operated batchwise or

continuously in vertical or horizontal orientation. An oscillatory system is located at one end of the

reactor to provide mixing either by using diaphragm, piston, or bellows. The reactor operates under

oscillatory flow mixing where the flow patterns of the fluid inside the column exhibit a complicated eddy

mixing due to the presence of baffles after the oscillation is applied to the reactor. In order to achieve

turbulence flow inside the reactor, parameters such as reactor, baffles dimension, and type of oscillation

system must be considered prior to the design work. The OFR design involves the use of Autodesk:

AutoCAD® 2016 to design the reactor parts including reactor column, top plate, baffles, and oscillation

system. The fabrication of OFR was entirely conducted by the technical unit of Faculty of Chemical and

Natural Resources Engineering (FKKSA) workshop in Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). The design criteria

were based on the needs of use, which is mainly for biological processes.

Keywords: Oscillatory flow reactor; column; baffles; oscillation; reactor design.

140

Paper ID: A247

Effect of Time, Inoculum (%) and Mass Substrate on Succinic Acid by Immobilized Escherichia Coli in Fermentation Process

Nik Nor Aziati Abd Aziz *1, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim 2*

1 Faculty of Chemical Enginnering and Natural Resources,University of Malaysia Pahang (UMP) 26300,

Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Enginnering Technology,University of Malaysia Pahang (UMP) 26300, Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia *Corresponding author: mimisakinah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The study on succinic acid production from glycerol residue has shown potential as low cost substrate

using immobilized Escherichia coli in fermentation process. In this research, the cell were prepared by

entrapment method. This method was chosen since it was reported to be effective in producing large

production of succinic acid. The effect of different time, inoculums, and mass substrate values on succinic

acid production was studied. Batch culture technique was employed to grow the Escherichia coli and

entrapment method for immobilized cell was employed. The succinic acid concentration was determined

by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimum time was observed at 30 gram

mass substrate (117.99 g/L succinic acid production) and inoculums at 20% working volume (102.30 g/L

succinic acid concentration was produced) and at 4 hour (110.2 g/L succinic acid concentration) give the

highest succinic acid concentration. Preliminary characterization of raw material was done by using High

performance chromatography and fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results was then

compared to raw material (glycerol residue), glycerol treated (after pe-treatment) and succinic acid

concentration.

Keywords: Succinic acid; glycerol; glycerol residue; immobilized cell.

141

Paper ID: A256

Optimization of Red Pigment Production by Monascus Purpureus FTC 5356 Using Response Surface

Methodology

N. F. Hamid, F. M. Said

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: farhan@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Factors such as environmental conditions and nutrients are significant for successful growth and

reproduction of microorganism. Manipulations of the factors are the most effective way to stimulate the

growth of the microorganism, later to optimize the quality of the product. In this study, Central

Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the production of

red pigment by Monascus purpureus FTC 5356 using oil palm frond (OPF) as a substrate in solid state

fermentation (SSF). The data was analyzed using Design Expert Software. The optimum combination

predicted via RSM was confirmed through experimental work. The interactions between three variables

such as initial moisture content (%), initial pH value (pH), and peptone concentration (%) were studied

and modelled. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the optimal condition for red pigment

production (47 AU/g) with the biomass of 425.1 mg/g was at 55% initial moisture content, 3% of peptone

and at pH 3. The RSM results showed that the initial pH value had a significant effect on red pigment

production (P-value <0.05). The validation of these results was also conducted by carried out

fermentation with predicted condition and it was found that there were 0.373% higher in values of

experimental result compared to the predicted values.

Keywords: Response surface methodology; red pigment; oil palm frond; monascus.

142

Paper ID: A259

GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Constituents of Hibiscus Flower

Hesham H. A. Rassem, Abdurahman H. Nour, Rosli M. Yunus

Faculty of Chemical &Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: nour2000_99@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Background: To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS. Objective: The

shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation

(MAHD). The Agilent 5975C Series GC/MSD and a DB-WAX fused silica column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d., film

thickness 0.25 µm). Oven temperature was programmed to 60 0C for 10 min, and then increased at

200C/min to 2300C and held at 2500C for 10 min. The carrier gas, helium, was adjusted to a linear

velocity of 30 cm/s. Results: The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of

thirty-seven compounds. In this study, we will focus on the main compounds that can be used biological

activity namely Ethanimidic acid, ethyl ester (31.43%), Propanal, 2,3-dihydroxy (12.58%), 4H-Pyran-4-

one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-di hydroxy-6-methyl (10.69%), Ethylenediamine (6.71%), o-Methylisourea hydrogen

sulfate (4.06%), Ethene, ethoxy- (3.63%), Methyl palmitate (2.99%), 7-Formylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes

(2.80%), 2-Butanamine, (S)- (2.72%), 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (2.48%), N-Formyl-β-alanine (2.36%),

(Z)6,(Z)9-Pentadecadien-1-ol (1.70%), 1,2-Ethanediamine, Butanedial (1.65%), N-methyl-1-Propanol, 2-

methyl- (1.57%) and Methanecarbothiolic acid (1.08%).. Conclusion:The bioactive compounds in the

methanol extract of Hibiscus flower have been surveyed using this analysis. Insulate of single

phytochemical constituents may proceed to make a novel drug.

Keywords: Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD); GC-MS; phytochemical constituents; ethanol

extract; ethanimidic acid.

143

Paper ID: A273

Optimization of Sorbitol Production Using Immobilized of Lactobacillus Plantarum Strain (BAA-793) Via Solid

State Fermentation (SSF) Process: Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Zuriana Sidi Ahmad *1, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim 2, Farhan Mohd Said 3

1,3 University of Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, 2500

Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia 2 University of Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Faculty of Technology Engineering, 2500 Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: zuriana_naz@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Background: The process was introduced in this work are the production of sorbitol via solid state

fermentation (SSF) using immobilized cells of bacteria. The raw material that used in this study was

Meranti wood sawdust (MWS) that obtained from Kilang Kayu Aman, Gambang Kuantan, Pahang. Then,

type of bacteria that used was Lactobacillus plantarum (BAA-793) and was immobilized using entrapment

technique (entrapped in sodium alginate). The pretreatment processes of MWS that used to recover

cellulose from MWS are physical pretreatment and chemical pretreatment. The last phase of this works

was fermentation using solid state (SSF) process to convert cellulose to sorbitol. Objective: This study aim

to optimize sorbitol production via solid state fermentation (SSF) process using response surface

methodology (RSM) and the central composite design (CCD) was used in order to reduce the total

number of experiments besides to determine the best combination of parameters for optimization of the

process. Results: The result shows that the interactions between parameters like moisture content and

substrate amount have a very significant effect and the F value was < 0.0001. Then, the high yield of

sorbitol production (13.607 g/L) was obtained at conditions as 50 % of moisture content, 4 hours of

fermentation time and 1.0 gram of substrate amount. Conclusion: The production of sorbitol will increase

the yield of the product when all parameters that quite important has control in Solid state fermentation

(SSF) process using immobilization cells of bacteria.

Keywords: solid state fermentation; immobilized of Lactobacillus plantarum; respond surface

methodology; sorbitol.

144

Paper ID: A280

The Effect of Different Freeze Dried Formulations on the Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Lactose-Free

Yogurt Production

Ainaa A. Kahar *1, Shaiful A. Sharifudin 1, Beh B. Kee 1, Norhazniza Aziz 1, Kamariah Long 2

1 Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Programme, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center,

MARDI Headquarters, 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Director’s General Office, MARDI Headquarters, 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: ainaa@mardi.gov.my

ABSTRACT:

Background: Lactose-free yogurt was produced by fermentation of coconut cake, by-product of coconut

processing with mixtures of lactic acid bacteria.. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine

the effect of different carrier in freeze dried formulations on the viability of lactic acid bacteria in

fermented coconut cake for the production of lactose-free yogurt. Methods: A total of 200 kg yogurt was

produced in 250 L bioreactor with a heater system for in-situ pasteurization and agitation that was set to

150 rpm. A mixture of Streptococcus thermopilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus bulgaricus

was inoculated to the pasteurized coconut solution to initiate fermentation. Fermentation data was

analysed for CFU/ml, pH and titratable lactic acid concentration for every 4 hours sampling. After

incubation of 48 hours, the yogurt was harvested and product was formulated with solid carriers for

encapsulation during freeze drying process. Yogurt solution was mixed with carriers which were 7% w/w

sucrose, 10% w/w maltodextrin and 0.24%w/w guar gum. Results: The colony forming unit, cfu/ml of the

product was analysed before and after freeze drying. Initially, the cultured solution contained 5.25 – 6.70

x 108 cfu/ml. The most recovered cfu/ml was analysed from the combination of sucrose and guar gum

with 1.03 x 108, however the highest % of viability after rehydration was analysed from combination of

the three carriers which was 17.42%, as the lowest was seen from the combination of maltodextrin and

guar gum only, without the sucrose which were 2.41 and 3.56%, respectively. The moisture content of all

products formulation was in range of 1.43 to 2.00% indicated that moisture was almost completely

removed from the product during drying process. Conclusion: This work shows that freeze drying with

sucrose, maltodextrin and guar gum as encapsulants enhance the viability of the freeze dried lactose-free

yogurt.

Keywords: Fermentation; freeze drying; lactic acid bacteria; viability.

145

Paper ID: A286

A Comparison Using Free and Immobilized Laccase for the Depolymerization of Lignin

M.F. Abdul Aziz, A.E. Faizlukman Jerry, N.H. Hamidi*

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: nhanimah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Lignin is an aromatic polymer that comprises 20–32% by weight of the lignocellulosic biomass.

Considerable amount of research has been done to degrade lignin into renewable fuels and fine

chemicals by using chemical or biological methods. However, chemical processes utilize expensive and

hazardous catalysts which can contribute to non-green outcomes. Thus, this research focused on the

depolymerization of lignin by using biocatalyst. In this study, laccase from Trametes versicolor was

immobilized onto calcium alginate beads. Laccase activity for immobilized was determined based on 2,2' -

azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) concentration. Immobilized enzyme may have

many of advantages compared to free enzyme, but, immobilized enzyme has lower rate of reaction due

to difficulty in accessing the substrate. It was due to the internal diffusion of the enzyme. By comparing

kinetic data of free and immobilized laccase, values of Km and Vmax of laccase were affected after

immobilization. In addition, lignin depolymerization as in Fig. 1 was carried out and products from the

process were separated by fractionation method, observed and analyzed. The potential impact of this

study was revealed by the production of high value chemicals that can be used in various applications.

These chemicals include vanillin, vanillic acid, catechol, syringaldehyde and phenol derivatives. The high

market value of these chemicals especially vanillin is based on its wide application in food industry as the

flavor constituent of vanilla, and in cosmetic industry as the flavoring agent in perfume.

Keywords: Laccase; trametes versicolor; depolymerisation; lignin; immobilized.

146

Paper ID: A266

Application of Modified Sago Starch as an Alternative for Drug Delivery Carrier

S. Ezan, F. Adam*, S. Z. Abidin

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300

Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: fatmawati@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Starch has gained an attention as gelatine substitute for vegetarian hard capsule production for

drug delivery application due to its abundant, cheaper price and good film forming properties.

Starch from sago palm has been an important source of socioeconomic produce in Southeast

Asia including East Malaysia region. For the film and capsule production, modified sago starch

has been used as native starch tends to has drawbacks compared to gelatine for capsule

production. Modification of the starch structure can improve the starch properties. In this work,

the capsule was produced by using 25, 30 and 35w/v% modified sago starch (MSS) solution and

constant amount of plasticizer concentration. The addition of some additive such as carrageenan

and titanium dioxide help to stabilize the film for capsule making. Characterization on the

capsule’s film has been carried out by analysing the thermograms of differential scanning

calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), the spectrum of Fourier transform infrared

(FTIR), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology,

viscosity analysis and tensile analysis. The overall results obtained shows that modified sago

starch has a potential for the application as drug delivery carrier.

Keywords: Vegetarian; capsule; modified starch; sago starch.

147

PARALLEL SESSION 4:

ENERGY & PROCESS ENGINEERING IV

148

Paper ID: A150

Factorial Experimental Design for Biobutanol Production from Oil Palm Frond (OPF) Juice by Clostridium Acetobutylicum ATCC 824

N. S.M.Nasrah1, M. A.K. M.Zahari*1, N. Masngut1, H. Ariffin2

1Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: ahmadkhushairi@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

A two-level factorial experimental design was employed to investigate the effect of independent and interaction factors on the production of biobutanol from oil palm frond (OPF) juice by Clostridium acetobutylicumATCC 824. A 21 two level half factorial design have been developed by the Design Expert Software Version 7.1.6 to investigate the effect and interactions among the following parameters; initial pH medium (5-7), inoculum size (1-20%), initial total sugars concentration (40-60 g/l),temperature (32-42°C)and yeast extract concentration (1-10 g/l). Based on the factorial analysis, it was observed that the most significant parameter was yeast extract concentration, which contributes 8.68%, followed by inoculum size and temperature, which were contribute 8.32% and 8.03%, respectively. The analysis showed the R2value for the model was 0.9824 and the interaction between inoculum size and temperature gave the highest influenced to the fermentation process with contribution up to 14.88%. This study indicated that each of the factors may affect the fermentation process of the biobutanol production from OPF juice. Keywords: Biobutanol; Clostridium acetobutylicumATCC 824; oil palm frond juice; factorial design.

149

Paper ID: A250

Nanoparticles Percentage Resistivity Difference for Crude Oil Determination by Using Experimental Sand-Pack Method

Mohd Zulkifli Mohaamd Noor1*, Mariyamni Awang2, Sonny Irawan2

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak,

Malaysia. * Corresponding author: mzulkifli@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The use of nanoparticles in petroleum exploration, drilling and production had become a promising method. Nanoparticles with it nanoscale can be used as a data collection for every part in the petroleum field development. It can penetrate a very small porous media to make the area of penetration a collective recording data. With it in development process, the used of nanoparticles need more vagarious study to meet it purpose as data collection. A setup of experimental method had been done to show the used of nanoparticles can become data collection. The used of data collection is to characterize the formation in the petroleum reservoir by it porosity, permeability (reservoir properties) and to know the oil in place. By using the sand-pack displacement method, it can determine the reservoir properties and know the amount of oil in place. A setup used by injecting the nanoparticles as injected particle. The nanoparticles used are Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) and Nickel Zinc Ferrite Oxide (NiZnFeO). It shows for NiZnFeO at interval distance 1 having percentage difference increase from 15% to 25%. And an Al2O3 nanoparticle also shows the same increment but difference value from 6% to15% percentage difference in resistivity. Therefore, both of nanoparticles can be define as hydrophilic nanoparticles. It is by showing that at the interval distance 1 having the significant change of percentage resistivity. To conclude, the using of this both type of nanoparticles that having hydrophilic nanoparticles will show the significant change for resistivity at internal short front face of well reservoir with oil zone only. It is because the hydrophilic type nanoparticles less amount penetrate oil zones and will show only significant change at front face of well reservoir for resistivity measurement.

Keywords: Nanoparticles; formation characterization; sand-pack displacement; resistivity.

150

Paper ID: A279

Assessment of Membrane Bioreactor in Treating Spent Sulfidic Caustic Wastewater: Effects of Organic Biomass Concentration and Solid Retention Time

Noor Sabrina Ahmad Mutamim1, Zainura Zainon Noor2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti

Malaysia Pahang, Leburaya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IEWRM), Water Research Alliance, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: noorsabrina@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

This paper presents a study on the performance of an Aerobic Submerged u-shaped membrane bioreactor (ASMBR) in treating sulfidic spent caustic (SSC) in terms of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration and solid retention time (SRT). SSC wastewater is categorized as high strength wastewater and consists of high inorganic and organic matter. U-shape membrane bioreactors have a higher tendency to foul compared to other types of MBR. MLSS concentration and SRT are the major parameters when operating membrane bioreactor. In this study, COD removal recorded reduction of more than 95% for average MLSS concentration runs and 90% for SRTs runs. Meanwhile, sulfide was removed 99%, and formed up to 79% of sulfate. The biofouling for MLSS concentration and SRTs were observed through TMP rate change and TMP average performance, TMP trend and SMP and EPS trends. Biocake layer and biolayer deposited on membrane surface was found influenced by biomass, the inert particulate biomass products accumulating in the reactor.

Keywords: Membrane bioreactor; spent caustic; SRT; MLSS; biofouling.

151

Paper ID: A232

Potential of impregnated chicken egg- and Perna V. shells (ICEPS) based catalysts for castor oil methyl ester (COME) synthesis

Said Nurdin1*, Malar Vizhli Sivaguru1, Mohd Sabri Mahmud1, Nur Syazwani Ghazali1, Jolius Gimbun1,2, Siti

Farhana Haron1

1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

Gambang, 26300, Pahang, Malaysia. 2Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya

Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: syaiful@ump.edu.my, syaifulnizam@siswa.um.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The Chicken egg- and Perna v. shells (CEPS), which are available in plentiful, have been becoming

interesting issues from the economic and environmental aspects. The non- and impregnated CEPS (ICEPS)

catalysts were tested for castor oil transesterification in a bath stirrer flask, The castor oil as non-edible

feedstock, manufactured castor oil methyl ester (COME) and solid waste catalysts were pre-treated,

characterized, impregnated and analysed using Gas Chromatography (GC), Scanning Electron Microscopy

(SEM), Brunauer-Emmer-Teller (BET), Differential Thermal and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA), X-

Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transformed Infra-red (FTIR). The highest COME (92.50%) was found

by the treatment time of 2 h, methanol oil ratio of 6:1, operation temperature of 65◦C and catalyst

loading of 2wt/wt%. The impregnated Perna v shell imparts glorious results compared the egg shell

rendition and the both recyclable catalyst can be contemplated for future profitable biofuel.

Keywords: ICEPS; castor oil, transesterification; COME; recyclable catalysts.

152

Paper ID: A292

The Effect of Antioxidant on the Stability of Biodiesel

Shaharuddin H. 1*, Wan Asma I. 1, Zulkafli H. 2, Nur Atiqah M. S.1

1Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor 2Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang * Corresponding author: shahruddin@frim.gov.my

ABSTRACT:

Biodiesel is renewable fuel and when blended with conventional petroleum diesel, biodiesel reduces

hydrocarbon, particulate and carbon monoxide emissions while simultaneously improves lubricity, lowers

sulfur, and has a high cetane number. One of the environmental advantages of biodiesel is that it is

biodegradable hence environmental friendly. Biodiesel degrades due to oxidation, contact with water,

and/or microbial activity. The oxidation of biodiesel can produce various acids or polymers, which, if in

high enough concentration, can cause fuel system corrosion and deposits which in turn can lead to filter

clogging and fuel system malfunctions. To avoid oxidation and extend the shelf life of biodiesel,

commercial antioxidants can be added. In this study, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated

hydroxyanisol (BHA), tertiarybutylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and propyl gallate (PG) were evaluated for their

potential to reduce the degree of oxidation of biodiesel under normal temperature and humidity

condition. Each antioxidant combination was added at a concentration between 250 to 1000 ppm. The

oxidative degradation was investigated and ASTM D6751-11 standard were used to monitor the changes

using peroxide values (PV) and total acid number (TAN). For PV content, the effect of different

antioxidants on biodiesel is as follow: 500 ppm PG, TBHQ-PG combination and TBHQ gave the best result.

For TAN content, samples with antioxidants 500 ppm PG gave the best result followed by TBHQ and

TBHQ-BHT. All biodiesel samples with these antioxidants did not show any significant increase of PV and

TAN values after 12 weeks storage compared to the untreated biodiesel.

Keywords: Biodiesel; oxidation stability; antioxidants; peroxide value; acid value.

153

Paper ID: A102

Analysis of Microwave Heating Process for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

Sweeta Akbari*, Abdurahman H. Nour, Fahim Fayaz, Saidatul Shima Jamari

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: nour2000_99@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

In this investigation, the process of microwave heating technology was evaluated to measure the effect of some important parameters such as dielectric properties (έ and ɛʺ), rate of temperature increase (dT/dt), volume rate of heat generation (Qmw), wavelength (λ) and penetration depth (Dp) during the microwave irradiation on crude oil emulsions. Two types of Malaysian crude oils namely: heavy and light were mixed together at a volume ratio of 50-50% and applied for further investigations. In order to ensure the efficiency of the process, the improvement of existing techniques and the development of new technology different ratios of water and oil were utilized to prepare the emulsions of water-in-crude oil (W/O). The emulsion samples were heated under 360 watt and 540 watt for 3 to 5 minutes. The findings of the microwave heating demulsification showed that higher microwave power (540 watt) along with the radiation time (5 min) were not much effective for water separation. This is because of the over boiling of the samples. Consequently, for microwave heating demulsification the best water separation efficiency was achieved at 3 (minutes), 360 (watt). Based on the result of microwave parameter’s calculations, it was found that parameters such as; dT/dt, Qmw, έ and ɛʺ, were inversely proportional to the radiation time. However, parameters such as λ and Dp were directly proportional to the time of the radiation. Keywords: Water-in-crude oil emulsion; demulsification; microwave heating, calculation of parameter.

154

Paper ID: A190

Possible Best Conditions in Pectin Extraction from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Peels: Effect of Agitation, Temperature, Time, pH and Liquid Solid Ratio

Rubaiyi M. Zaid, A. W. Zularisam, A. M. Mimi Sakinah*

Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300

Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia * Corresponding author: mimisakinah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel was found to be the potential source of pectin. The combination

of physical and chemical (mild ultrasound, stirring and citric acid) treatment has been applied in regards

to get high yield of pectin during extraction. The influence of several experimental parameters in the

pectin extraction process was investigated: agitation, temperature, time, pH and liquid solid ratio. The

one factor at a time (OFAT) method was used to determine the possible best levels of factor during

extraction. The highest yield of 42.5% (w/w) was obtained when extraction was carried out at

temperature: 70°C: 110 min: pH: 1.5: 250 rpm and sample to citric acid ratio: 1:10 (w/v).

Keywords: Extraction, Dragon fruit peels, Pectin, Citric acid, Ultrasound.

155

Paper ID: A130

Effect of Mixing towards the Production of Carbonaceous Kenaf Fiber via Hydrothermal Carbonization Process

Munirah Ezzah Binti Tuan Zakaria, Saidatul Shima Binti Jamari*, Norlirabiatuladawiyah Binti Che Ani, Suriati

Ghazali, Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Mohd Faizal Bin Ali

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: sshima@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) is a relatively simple method to convert biomass to

carbonaceous material that involves reaction in a closed system. HTC is convenient, fast and

environmentally friendly way to convert biomass into higher value of carbonaceous material. A

comparison on the carbon percentage produced from HTC using Kenaf fiber is performed and the

optimum HTC operating condition of Kenaf fiber is aimed. The heating process is carried out using two

different conditions, with and without stirring at different time period which is 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours,

8 hours and 10 hours at constant temperature of 225 °C. Vario Micro CHNS Analyzer used to determine

the element values in the sample shows that for sample without stirring, sample heated for 2 hour

produces lowest carbon percentage which is 52.25% and sample heated for 10 hour produces the highest

carbon percentage which is 60.20% similar trend was obtained for the stirring sample heated for 2 hour

produces 48.31% and sample heated for 10 hour produces 56.73%. The percentage of carbon increase as

the longer time period of heating. Based on the results, longer time period should be conducted to

determine the optimum percentage of carbon produced.

Keywords: Kenaf; carbonaceous fiber; hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC); biomass; biochar.

156

Paper ID: A253

Bioelectrochemical Behavior of Wild Type Bacillus Cereus in Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

M. A. Islam,1 W. C. Wai,1 E. Baranitharan,1 C. K Cheng,1 A. Yousuf,2 M. R Khan1* 1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources,

2 Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: mrkhan@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a type of fuel cells that use bacteria as biocatalyst to oxidize organic substrate to release electrons, which can be harvested in an external circuit to produce electrical energy. The selection of biocatalysts depends on the catalytic efficiency of bacteria, which determines the maximum amount of energy from MFCs. In this study, a proteolytic biocatalyst Bacillus cereus has been employed for the first time in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The wild type pure culture was isolate from municipal wastewater and identified using Biolog Gen III analysis. The MFCs were continuously fueled with palm oil mill effluent (POME) and attained the maximum power density of about 5.23 W/m3. The electrochemical behavior of MFC operated by B. cereus biocatalyst was evaluated using polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetery (CV) analysis. Marked variations of catalytic behavior between 3rd and 11th day are clearly observed by CV analysis is shown in Fig. 1A. The maximum current reached up to 0.28 mA by day 11, which is about 1.5 folds higher than that of 3rd day might be due to the excretion of large amount of electron shuttle compounds in anode. The abundance of electron shuttle compounds reduced 56% charge transfer resistance in MFC as shown in Fig. 1B. The catalytic measurements demonstrated that the presence of a recyclable electrochemical active electron shuttle compound produced by B. cereus would have mainly contributed for the electricity generation in MFC. These results revealed that the electrocatalytic potentiality of B. cereus makes it a promising candidate to be used in MFC.

Fig. 1. A) Cyclic voltametry curves of B. cereus on 3

rd day and 11

th day of operations. B) Nyquistic plots of B. cereus at

3rd

and 11th

day of operations.

-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2-0.004

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

(A )

I (A

)

E/V vs Ag/AgCl

Day 3

Day 11

0 80 160 240 320 4000

80

160

240

320

400

(B )

-Z"

(oh

m)

Z' (ohm)

Day 3

Day 11

157

Keywords: Microbial fuel cell; Bacillus cereus; Electrochemical behaviour; Palm oil mill effluent, Electron shuttle compound.

158

PARALLEL SESSION 4: WATER &

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IV/

MATERIAL ENGINEERING III

159

Paper ID: A144

Total Phenolic, Total Flavanoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Clinacanthus Nutans Leaves by Subcritical Water Extraction

Nurul Amila Fadhlin Baharuddin*, Noor Azian Morad, Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Shizen Conversion and Seperation Technology (SHIZEN i-kohza), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), 54100. Kuala Lumpur.

Malaysia. *Corresponding author: fadhlin_4292@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Clinacanthus nutans leaf extracts has been known for its high medicinal compounds and a good source of

phenolics that reported to exhibit antioxidant activity. Subcritical water extraction is an alternative

technique from conventional that approaches green technology for extraction of phenolics compound.

This study was investigated the extraction of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavanoid content (TFC)

and antioxidant activity from Clinacanthus nutans leaf using subcritical water extraction. Subcritical water

extraction resulted maximum total phenolic content at temperature 160°C and 5 minute extraction time

for 20.97 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid /g dry sample. Meanwhile, total flavanoid content and antioxidant activity

achieved maximum yield at temperature of 180°C with 5 and 30 minute extraction time, respectively. The

total flavanoid content and antioxidant activity obtained 20.99 ± 0.01 mg quercetin/g dry sample and

68.05 ± 0.04 % inhibition, respectively. Subcritical water extraction could be an alternative technique in

extracting the total phenolic, total flavanoid and antioxidant activity from C. nutans leaves. More study on

C. nutans can be conducted to cultivate more nutrients from medicinal plants thus contributing to human

health can be extracted.

Keywords: Clinacanthus nutans; total phenolic; total flavonoid; antioxidant activity; extraction.

160

Paper ID: A231

Interpretation and Enhancement of ‘Art vs Science’ Model for Prioritizing the Rare Earth Extraction Sequence: Application of Rule-based Method

Mohd Yusri Mohd Yunus1, Nurul Ain Ismail1, Badhrulhisham Abdul Aziz1, A. Hisyam1, M. A. Abd Aziz2

1Rare Earth Research Centre (RERC), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang.

2Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang. *Corresponding author: yusri@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

‘Art vs Science’ model is a sequence of Rare Earth Element (REE) extraction structure which has been

developed based on the industrial practise of past and current experiences. The structure generally

prioritizes the separation and extraction of the individual REE component mainly on the ground of

element categorization (light, medium and heavy REE) as well as the perception of generic steps that

commonly applied commercially, which tends to favour the light REE components. In this respect, the

quantitative credibility of the particular model is somewhat unknown, given that a specific characteristic

of REE composition is available to be processed using the similar extraction order. Thus, this study

proposes a systematic quantitative rule-based framework, by means of excel modelling, in assessing the

particular separation model, whereby the standard characterization of monazite mineral composition is

utilised as the main case study. This work also adopts the separation factor value of HDEHP-HCL as well as

RE(III)-HCL-EHEHPA as the main extraction platforms. The findings obviously signify that the former

extractant is relatively effective for the extraction of light REE (LREE), while the latter incline to prefer the

medium and heavy REE (MREE and HREE) particularly on the ground of separation stages factor. In light

of the initial results, this study also proposes a hybrid approach in performing the complete optimal REE

separation that specifically based on the sequence of ‘Art vs Science’ structure. The method is suitably

applied as a tool or guidelines in the early stage of process design assessment of REE separation which is

meant for feasibility or preliminary technical evaluation.

Keywords: Rare earth element; solvent extraction selection; separation factor; art and science ree model,

rule-base method.

161

Paper ID: A270

The use of factorial design for the effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Labisia pumila sp. in 25-

L Mobile extractor

N.A Idris, A.Z. Sulaiman

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan,

Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: nuriadilah@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT:

A two-level factorial experimental design was used to investigate the influence of the main operating

parameters on extraction of gallic acid in Labisia pumila sp. during ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)

processes. These factorial models have been obtained from an experimental design to study all

interaction between the accompanied with a statistical validation material to solvent (1:20 and 1:40),

temperature (50-80oC), duty cycles (0-50%) and extraction time (4-8 hours) and validated statistically by

analysis of variance (ANOVA). For response, the duty cycle was the most influential factor and followed by

the extraction time and temperature. All interactions between the studied parameters were significant in

the case gallic acid content at the 95% confidence level. Although the interaction terms have significant

effects, their levels were only a small amount compared to linear effects. According to the results, the

optimal UAE condition was obtained with a temperature 80⁰C, extraction time of 8 hours, the material to

solvent of 1:20 and duty cycle 50%. At these conditions, extraction yield value determined as 105.731 ±

8.633 mg GAE/g dry weight. The experimental values under optimal condition were in good consistent

with the predicted values, which suggested UAE is more efficient processes as compared to conventional

extraction.

Keywords: UAE, factorial design, duty cycle, temperature.

162

Paper ID: A186

Nanocrystalline Cellulose Incorporated Poly Vinyl Alcohol Hydrogel for Industrial Waste Water Treatment

Zianor Azrina,Z. A *1, M. Dalour H. Beg 1, Rosli M. Yunus 1 and Ridzuan Ramli 2

1 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

2 Biomass Technology, Malaysia Palm Oil Board, Bangi Malaysia. *Corresponding author: mdhbeg@ump.edu.my / dhbeg@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

In this work, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was extracted from raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB)

fiber. The NCC microstructure was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron

microscope reveals the comparative surface morphology of raw EFB and NCC. The freeze-thawing cyclic

process was applied to fabricate NCC incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (NCC-PVA) hydrogel. The aim

of this work is to improve removal capacity of methylene blue (MB) dye from industrial waste water using

NCC incorporated PVA hydrogel. The gel fraction NCC-PVA hydrogel is lower as compared to neat PVA

hydrogel. The NCC-PVA hydrogel was applied to remove the methylene blue (MB) dye from industrial

waste water. The NCC enhanced the dye absorption capacity of NCC-PVA hydrogel as compared to neat

PVA hydrogel.

Keywords: Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC), hydrogel, Wastewater treatment.

163

Paper ID: A219

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers Using Enzyme-Chemo-Mechanical Process

P. K. Poddar 1, A. Gupta 1,2*, S. S. Jamari 1,2, S. S. Rashid 2, S. Sharma 1, M. Subramaniam1, and J. Thraisingam1

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Centre for Biocomposite and Innovative Materials, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia. *Corresponding author: arun@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

This research was aimed to study the synthesis of cellulose nanofibres from rubber wood (Hevea

brasiliensis) fibers via high pressure homogenisation combined with enzymes and chemicals pre-

treatments. The main focus of this study was the application of enzyme in fibres processing has been

mainly directed towards the modification of hemicelluloses and lignin while preserving the cellulosic

fraction and effect of high pressure homogenizer on fibres morphology. The diameter distributions of the

resulting nanofibers were dependent on the number of times of cellulose solution is passing. The extent

of dispersion improved significantly with increasing when number of passes through the high pressure

homogenized. The chemical- physical properties of isolated nanofibers were analyzed by microscopic,

spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray diffraction methods. Microscopic study showed that the diameters of

the nanofibers isolated ranged (40-90 nm). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study

demonstrated that almost all the lignin and hemicellulose were removed during the enzymes and

chemical treatments. X-ray diffraction analysis showed an increase in crystalline which resulted from the

removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that nanofibers

isolated from rubber wood had higher thermal stability than those of the enzymes and chemical treated

pulp and untreated pulp.

Keywords: Cellulose nanofibers, rubber wood, enzymatic hydrolysis, high pressure homogenizer.

164

Paper ID: A283

Fabrication And Characterization Of Porous P(3HO-Co-3HHX)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold For Bone Tissue Engineering And Its Hydrophilicity Enhancement By Graft Copolymerization With Glycerol 1,3-

Diglycerol Diacrylate

N. F. Ansari 1, M. S. M. Annuar 1*, B. Pingguan-Murphy 2

1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: suffian_annuar@um.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are hydrophobic biopolymers with huge potential for biomedical

applications owing to their biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability. A

porous composite scaffold from medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHA) and

hydroxyapatite (HA) was fabricated using a facile particulate leaching technique. Different percentages of

HA mass loading was investigated for efficient growth of osteoblast cells. Ultrasonication was applied to

facilitate the dispersion of HA particles into the mcl-PHA matrix. Different P(3HO-co-3HHX)/HA

composites were investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray

Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. The

scaffolds were found to be highly porous with interconnecting pore structures with HA particles

homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. The scaffolds biocompatibility and osteoconductivity

were also assessed by following proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells on them. The

hydrophilicity of the scaffold was further enhanced by graft copolymerization of glycerol 1,3-diglycerol

diacrylate into P(3HO-co-3HHX). Glycerol 1,3-diglycerol diacrylate (GDD) grafted P(3HO-co-3HHX)

copolymers were thermally prepared from homogeneous solutions of P(3HO-co-3HHX) copolymers, GDD

monomer and benzoyl peroxide as initiator followed by the incorporation of HA. FTIR analysis showed

that GDD was successfully grafted onto the P(3HO-co-3HHX) chains and significantly increased the

hydrophilicity of the graft material. P(3HO-co-3HHX)-g-GDD/HA composite is a promising candidate as

scaffold material for bone reconstruction.

Keywords: mcl-PHA, porous biomaterial, bone scaffold, biocomposite, hydroxyapatite.

165

Paper ID: A258

Synthesis and Characterization of Aqueous Polyurethane-Acrylate Crosslinked by UV Irradiation

S. Mamat.1,2*, L. C. Abdullah 1,3, M.M. Aung 4, M.Z. Salleh 5, S. Abdul Rashid 1, S. Saalah 6, E.R. Jusoh 3

1 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia. 2 Section of Chemical Engineering Technology, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering

Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 7800 Alor Gajah Malacca, Malaysia. 3 Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia. 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE,

Malaysia. 5 Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology, Research (MINT),

Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia. 6Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400

Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: Suhainim@unikl.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

UV aqueous polyurethane-acrylate coatings are gaining in popularity because of their environmental

friendly advantages. Polyurethane was synthesized by reacting jatropha oil based polyol with isocyanate.

Jatropha oil was first epoxidized to form epoxidized jatropha oil (EJP), subsequently it was converted to

polyol by the opening ring reaction with formic acid using dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst.

Acrylate group were introduced into the end chain of the polyurethane was raised effectively. Several

properties of crosslinked aqueous polyurethane-acrylate were characterized by Fourier transform

infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group analysis, Differential scaning calorimetry (DSC),

thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size distribution and viscosity measurement. The results noted

that the aqueous polyurethane-acrylate successfully synthesized and UV irradiation was save time in

curing process of aqueous polyurethane-acrylate coating.

Keywords: Renewable polyol, UV curable, aqueous polyurethane acrylate, jatropha oil.

166

Paper ID: A138

Effect of Extraction Condition of Natural Dye Pigment from Bougainvillea Flower Bract Nur Athirah Sabarudin1, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim2*, Zularisam Ab. Wahid2

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang 26300, Malaysia

2 Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang 26300, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: mimisakinah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Bougainvillea was known as a garden flower which are red in colour that contained betacyanin, a betalain

pigment. Recently, betacyanin is becoming an increasingly popular active ingredient especially in textile

dyeing and food industry. This pigment has acquired greater significance because of its excellent colour

value. However, the potential use of bougainvillea as a natural textile colorant has not been exploited in

the literature. This is due to the lack of information on its stability, and compatibility in textile dyeing. In

this study, an experiment of solvent extraction was conducted to study the factors contribute for pigment

isolation from the bracts. The solid-liquid ratio (SLR), and time duration were investigated, since the exact

value of this parameter that are needed for producing the dye still uncertain. The colour strength of the

dye was evaluated using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer by reading the absorbance reading. Findings shows

that, both parameters play a significant effect on the extraction process. The process was better in acidic

condition than in basic with solid-liquid ratio at 0.1 that gave better absorbance reading than other ratio.

The time equilibrium reached at 60 minutes after the dye concentration was constant after three

readings. These findings reveal that pigment from Bougainvillea flower’s bract can be extracted with

convenient condition of SLR and time equilibrium

Keywords: Natural dye; Bougainvillea; solid-liquid extraction.

167

Paper ID: A276

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Red Gypsum Cement Bricks: Effect of Sand Replacement

A. H. Sidek 1*, R.M. Yunus 1, F. M. Yahaya 2, M.F. Baderolhissam 1, N.K. Ahmad Khan 1

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia. *Corresponding author: amirul.hsk@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Utilization of Red Gypsum, a common industrial waste, in the manufacturing of cement brick can mitigate

the deterioration of environment due to sand mining activity. X-Ray Fluorescence analyzer was utilized to

determine the chemical composition of red gypsum (RG) while sieving method was used to determine its

particle size distribution. From the analyses, it can be concluded that RG properties suit with the purpose

of replacing sand as fine aggregate in the cement brick. A range of physical and mechanical tests were

conducted on various percentage of sand replacement in RG cement bricks. These tests include

compressive strength test, flexural test, unit weight test, ultrasound pulse velocity and water absorption

test. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the RG Cement Bricks complied with the

Malaysian Standard 76:1972 (Specifications for bricks and blocks of brickearth, clay or shale) for non-load

bearing walls. The results also indicated that a maximum replacement of 60-70% range can be done

without compromising the quality of the produced bricks.

Keywords: Red gypsum, bricks, mortars, fine aggregate, sand replacement.

168

PARALLEL SESSION 4:

PROCESS SYSTEM ENGINEERING II

169

Paper ID: A288

Optimal Design and Synthesis of Sustainable Integrated Biorefineries for Pharmaceutical Products

S. Y. Ng, A. H. B. Liew, Y.Y. Ng, S. Y. Ong, N. G. Chemmangattuvalappil, Denny K.S. Ng

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus,

Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: keby2nse@nottingham.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

This paper presents a systematic approach to synthesise pharmaceutical products from biomass through

optimal processing route. An integrated biorefinery is needed in order to transform biomass raw

materials into value-added products. Up till now, despite the current technology and equipment available

for production, there are no commercially viable approaches to manufacture pharmaceutical products

directly from biomass. Pharmaceuticals are still predominantly being manufactured from intermediate

products which are produced from chemical plants. Hence, this research focuses on exploiting the

potential pharmaceutical products that can be derived from palm-based biomass. By using

aforementioned approach, it integrates multiple reaction pathways with a superstructure for the

production of pharmaceutical products from palm-based biomass. A network of 30 processing steps is

taken into consideration which included different pretreatment steps, fermentation, hydrolysis, etc. to

convert biomass into final products. Thus, there is a need for a methodology to evaluate different

possible production routes in the integrated biorefinery. This is due to the large number of potential

feedstocks and products, multiple reaction pathways and processing technologies involved which thereby

increases the complexity in biorefining. To address to the abovementioned issue, a mathematical

optimisation approach is proposed based on the designated superstructure to synthesise the integrated

biorefinery. This is to determine the optimum conversion pathways that convert palm-based biomass into

pharmaceutical products with maximum economic performance. The economic objective is measured by

the annual gross profit of the biorefinery. In order to conduct a proper economic analysis, an estimation

method for the operating cost of pharmaceuticals products is introduced accordingly due to the exact

specification required for pharmaceuticals which makes them more expensive to be manufactured.

Accordingly, this linear programming model indicates an economic potential of U.S. 403.35 million per

annum with aspirin, paracetamol, enthromycin stearate and vitamin B12 as final products from the

integrated biorefinery.

Keywords: Integrated biorefinery; pharmaceutical products; palm-based biomass; superstructural

mathematical optimisation; reaction pathway

170

Paper ID: A225

Synthesis of Resource Conservation Network with P-Graph Technique

C. K. Shum1, C. H. Lim1, W. J. Ong1, P.S. Pereira1, M. K. Abdul Aziz1,. R. R. Tan2,

H. L. Lam1, D. C. Y. Foo1

1 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan

Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Dahrul Ehsan, Malaysia. 2 Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, 0922,

Philippines.

*Corresponding author: Dominic.Foo@nottinghan.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

As a consequence of growing world population and economic development, the industrial demand for

natural resources is increasing rapidly. This issue has led to research interest in reduction of fresh

resource consumption as well as waste production, particularly in the area of process integration (PI).

Over the past two decades, water and hydrogen network synthesis has emerged as a special case of

resource conservation network (RCN); such problems have been solved using pinch analysis or

mathematical programming methods. On the other hand, other process systems engineering (PSE) tools

such as the P-graph framework offer potential alternative approaches to such problems. To date, P-graph

has been used as an optimisation tool for various process network synthesis (PNS) problems; however, no

works associated to water network synthesis have been reported so far. Hence, this paper presents a

pioneering implementation of P-graph for water and hydrogen network synthesis. In addition the internal

computational efficiency of its algorithms, P-graph visualization feature expedites the assessment of

optimum and alternative near-optimal solutions, as the source-sink matching diagram are shown clearly

in a superstructure manner. In addition, P-graph is able to elucidate optimal and near-optimal solutions

which are useful in decision-making stage. Apart from direct reuse/recycle, RCNs featuring regeneration

schemes are also investigated in this paper.

Keywords: P-graph; process network synthesis; resource conservation networks; process integration.

171

Paper ID: A177

Achieving the Target Crystal Size Distribution in the Case of Agglomeration and Breakage for Batch Cooling

Crystallization Process

Zakirah Mohd Zahari, Suriyati Saleh, Noor Asma Fazli Abdul Samad*

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: asmafazli@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

This paper aims to study the effects of agglomeration and breakage phenomena on the target crystal size

distribution (CSD) in batch cooling crystallization process. An analytical CSD estimator has been extended

to cover the effects of agglomeration and breakage in order to obtain the set-point trajectory needed for

achieving the desired CSD. This set-point provides the supersaturation limit and total crystallization time

that need to be maintained throughout the operation in order to achieve the target CSD. The application

of the extended analytical CSD estimator is highlighted through sucrose case study where three different

set-points generated from analytical CSD estimator is tested to achieve a similar crystal size distribution.

In addition the performance of the controller for maintaining the crystallization operation is also

discussed.

Keywords: Crystal size distribution; supersaturation; analytical estimator; agglomeration; breakage.

172

Paper ID: A178

Anhydrous Weight Loss Prediction of Meranti Sawdust during Torrefaction Using Rousset Model

N. H. H. M. Harun, N. A. F. A. Samad, S. Saleh*

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

* Corresponding author: suriyati@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Torrefaction is an alternative way to improve biomass properties. It is a mild pyrolysis process which

occurs at a temperature range of 200°C – 300°C and residence time up to 60 minutes under inert

condition. However during torrefaction process, biomass is degraded thus contributes to a certain degree

of mass loss distribution. Usually, the mass loss distribution is evaluated in terms of anhydrous weight loss

(AWL). Since temperature gives significant effects on AWL and the behavior of biomass are highly

associated with the AWL, therefore a suitable model that can be used to estimate the reaction kinetics is

necessary for describing the thermal degradation and predicting the AWL in order to improve its

properties. In this study, the kinetic parameters of Meranti sawdust are estimated by applying three

parallel reactions model namely Rousset Model for torrefaction of Meranti sawdust at temperatures of

240°C, 270°C and 300°C. All kinetic parameters are estimated according to the degradation of biomass

constituents which are lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose by following the Arrhenius law. The result

shows that AWL estimation using the kinetic parameters predicted from Rousset model are in a good

agreement with the experimental result. It shows that Rousset Model successfully described the

degradation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose as well as the formation of char, volatile, tar and

intermediate compound. Therefore it can be concluded that the Rousset Model is applicable to represent

the AWL of Meranti decomposition.

Keywords: Torrefaction, meranti sawdust, parameter estimation, rousset model.

173

Paper ID: A281

Interval Type-2 Neuro Fuzzy Controller for Uncertain Nonlinear Methanogenesis of Anaerobic Digester

M. F. Zanil1,2, M. A. Hussain3*

1 Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, 2 Process System Engineering Center, Faculty of

Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3 Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: mohd_azlan@um.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The study focus on the application of advanced nonlinear control for a maximum production of methane

in non-aerated reactor. The study proposed a type-2 neuro fuzzy controller to regulate the acidity of

reactor by manipulating the flowrate of caustic soda. The proposed neuro fuzzy controller is initially

designed from a typical Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic system with neural networks configuration and setup.

Later, the neuro fuzzy controller is evolved into type-2 architecture after considering the uncertainty

factors of the nonlinear methanogenic reaction in the reactor. The proposed controller is designed to

evaluate the error and change of error (as antecedent inputs) of process variable from reference value,

while flowrate of caustic soda is selected as a consequence output. In this study, a Karnik–Mendel type

reducer is used inside the architecture and the controller’s performance are compared with neuro fuzzy

and conventional PID for regulator and servo analysis. The result shows, all tested controller are able to

give a satisfactory response at desired (design) reference set-point. However, conventional PID and neuro

fuzzy controllers start to lose its ability to maintain a good control once the uncertain effects are

introduced into the process dynamic. Meanwhile, the proposed controller is able to remain significant in

retaining the reference pH at certain degree of uncertainty. Therefore, the interval type-2 neuro fuzzy

controller can be applied to control an uncertain nonlinear process.

Keywords: Type-2 neuro fuzzy; nonlinear control; polymerization.

174

Paper ID: A115

Explosion Characteristic of Premixed Acetylene/Air Mixture in Confined Straight Pipe

S.Z. Sulaiman 1*, R.M. Kasmani 2,3, A. Mustafa 2, W.Z. Sulaiman 1, S. K. Abdul Mudalip 1, R. Che Man 1, S. Md.

Shaarani 1, Z. I. Mohd. Arshad 1, N.S. Noor Azmi 1, N.A.M. Harinder Khan 1

1Faculty of Chemical &Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang,

Malaysia 2Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor

Bahru, Malaysia 3Institute of Hydrogen Economy (IHE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: szubaidah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT

Gas explosion inside a pipe is a complex phenomenon. Extensive studies have been carried out to

investigate factors governing to the explosion development i.e. the flame speed and the maximum

pressure. However, most of the works limit to the open straight pipes. Worst, the effect of the end wall

pipe on the explosion severity is still unclear. In this work, a gas explosion inside a closed pipe is

considered. Experimental and simulation works are adopted to investigate the gas explosion

development in the pipe using acetylene/air mixture. The effect of pipe size with different length to

diameter ratio (L/D) was performed. From the results, it is observed that the smaller pipe with L/D=40

enhances the explosion severity by a factor of 1.4 as compared that of the bigger pipe with L/D 51. The

compression effect at the end of the pipe plays an important role to attenuate the burning rate, leading

to the higher flame speeds and hence, increases the overpressure. In the case of L/D=40, the

compression effect is more severe due to the larger expansion ratio, and this phenomenon would

decrease the quenching effect and subsequently promote the flame acceleration. Flame speeds of up to

600 m/s were measured during the explosion development. This paper reports the analysis of the

explosion mechanism, highlighting the end pipe effect to the overall overpressure and flame acceleration

development for safety application.

Keywords: Straight pipe; quenching, compression effect; flame acceleration; detonation-like event.

175

Paper ID: A297

Neural network Adaptive Real-Time Optimizing Control of Industrial Processes

Normah Abdullah1, Muhammad Anas Mohd Razali2, Mohammed Harmood Othman3, Mohd Zaki Nuawi4,

Mohd Marzuki Mustafa5, Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah6, Azah Mohamed7, Abu Bakar Mohamad8

1,2,3,8 Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,

National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 4 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,

National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 5,7 Department of Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built

Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 6

Fundamental Studies of Engineering Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University

of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: normah_abdul@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Real-time optimization (RTO) has attracted considerable interest among researchers and industries for

being able to optimise the plant economics such as product efficiency, product quality and process safety

in the wake of increasing global competitions. The success of RTO depends much on the quality of model

being used in the optimisation. The present study was carried out to explore the use of artificial neural

network (ANN) to improve the quality of the model being used in the modified two step (MTS) technique.

The MTS is a real-time optimising control algorithm of the modifier adaptation scheme which is used to

determine the optimum steady-state control set-points. The proposed new version of MTS technique will

be using process model based on ANN. A laboratory scale process of a two continuous stirred tank heat

exchanger in series (2CSTHEs) is used as a case study. The multilayer feed forward ANN architecture 4-10-

6 with linear function was used to model the 2CSTHEs and then integrates into the MTS technique.

Simulation studies were conducted to test the performance of the new propose algorithm on the

2CSTHEs process. The results show that the neural network is able to model the 2CSTHEs process and

predict the desired output variables with reasonable accuracy. When NN model of 2CSTHEs is applied to

the MTS technique, the model-plant mismatch is greatly reduce which indicates by significant reduction

in the number of iterations to one third compared to that requires by the MTS technique.

Keywords: Real-time optimization; artificial neural network; modified two step technique; process

modelling.

176

Paper ID: A122

Life Cycle Assessment of Simulated Hydrogen Production by Methane Steam Reforming

Umarul Imran Amran *1, Arshad Ahmad 2,3, Mohamad Rizza Othman1

1Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 2Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bharu, Malaysia.

3Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bharu, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: umarulimran.amran”gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Hydrogen has attracted global attention as an alternative energy carrier in the future. Typically, hydrogen

is produced through reforming of methane using steam followed by water gas shift reaction. Although

considered as clean energy, it is essential to assess the environmental impact of hydrogen production

process which could help to compare and improve existing technology. Thus, the objective of this study is

to conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) of hydrogen production from methane. In order to gain detail

and accurate process inventory, a rigorous flowsheet simulation of hydrogen production is developed in

Aspen Plus 8.6. Using simulators, detailed characteristics of the process can be a model which include

kinetic based reactions and equilibrium separation models. The environmental assessment was carried

out using GaBi based on ReCiPe method. The system boundary considered for this assessment were

natural gas feedstock, hydrogen production and purification, steam production and gas absorption. The

system function for LCA is the production of hydrogen from methane while the functional unit is 1 kg of

hydrogen. Our findings show that the most contributing impact categories are the carbon emissions in

which for every kg H2 produced, 24.88 kg of CO2 is released into the environment.

Keywords: Hydrogen; life cycle assessment; methane reforming; simulation; Aspen Plus; GaBi.

177

Paper ID: A299

Thermodynamic Properties and Molecular Interactions of Acetophenone with P-Xylene at Various

Temperatures Using Redlich-Kister Model

R. Ramesh, M. Y. M. Yunus and K. Ramesh*

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul

Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: ramesh@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT

Densities, viscosities of Acetophenone with P-xylene binary mixture were measured over the entire mole fractions at (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K. This transport and thermo physical properties of binary liquid mixtures yield applications in speculative research areas in process industries and provide additional information regarding molecular interactions. From experimentations, excess volumes, VE and deviations in viscosities, Δη of mixtures at infinite dilutions have been obtained. The measured system shows negative and positive values of VE and Δη. From the negative values of VE, when aromatics, which exist in a low associated form in the pure state, are mixed with polar solvents, the less monomerization occurs and new specific interactions appear in the solution. The positive viscosity deviation depends on the size and shape of the molecules and molecular interactions. With an aim, the thermophysical properties of excess molar volume VE and viscosity deviations Δη of liquid mixture were correlated using Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations. Standard deviations have been considered between the fitted outcomes and the calculated data is helpful deliberate mixing behaviour of the binary mixtures. It was found that in this case, the data found with the values correlated by the corresponding model very well. The molecular interactions existing between the components of liquid mixture were also discussed.

Keywords: Redlich-Kister Model; excess molar volume; viscosity deviations; molecular interactions.

178

PARALLEL SESSION 4:

FOOD & BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING III

179

Paper ID: A192

Effect of Phoenix dactylifera Ethanolic Extract on Induced Heat-stress in Wistar Albino Rats

Mona. A. Bahir*1, Reem. H. Ahmed2

1 Omdurman Islamic University, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and

Technology,Box. 382. Omdurman. Sudan. 2 National Center for Research, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, 2404. Khartoum,

Sudan.

* Corresponding author: Monabashir88@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Background: Heat-induced and heat-related illnesses remain highly prevalent in man working

and living environments, specifically during a sudden increase of ambient temperature.

Objectives: This study is designed to determine the effect of fruits of Phoenix dactylifera

ethanolic extract on some biochemical parameters of induced-heat stress in Wistar albino rats.

Several studies have been performed on the relationship between heat exposure and

occurrence of disorders involving nervous, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Results: It is

found that total protein and uric acid were reduced significantly (p<0.01) in untreated heat-

stressed rats. P. dactylifera extract caused a significant (p<0.01) reduction on plasma glucose at

dose of 500 mg/kg and elevation on total protein at dose 250 mg/kg among heat stressed rats.

Conclusion: It is concluded that Phoenix dactylifera extract may have the potentiality to

counteract changes in biochemical parameters associated with heat stress.

Keywords: Phoenix dactylifera; heat stress; lipid profile; rats.

180

Paper ID: A197

Effect of the Cross Linkers on the Immobilization of Recombinant Escherichia Coli Cells on Hollow

Fiber Membrane for Excretion of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase (CGTase)

R. Che Man,1* R. M. Illias,2 S. Z. Sulaiman,1 S. K. Abdul Mudalip,1 S. Md Shaarani,1 Z. I. Mohd.

Arshad1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya

Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: rohaida@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

The excretion of recombinant proteins into the culture medium is a preferred approach over

cytoplasmic expression because of the high specific activity and ease of purification. However,

cell lysis is one of a major problem during the excretion of recombinant protein due to the

pressure build up in the periplasmic space through overproduction of the expressed

recombinant protein. Cell immobilization is a promising solution for the improvement of protein

excretion with reduction in cell lysis. In this study, the effect of cross linkers concentrations on

the process of cell immobilization for the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) excretion and

cell viability were investigated. The hollow fiber membrane was treated using different

concentrations (0.3, 0.67 and 1%) of cross linkers namely glutaraldehyde (GA), poly-L-lysine (PLL)

and polyethylenimine (PEI). The optimum concentration of cross linkers was found to be 0.3%

with the high excretion of CGTase. Interestingly, the immobilized cell on the untreated hollow

fiber membrane showed up to 15% increment of CGTase excretion with 55% reduction of cell

lysis, as compared to the immobilized cells on treated hollow fiber membrane.

Keywords: Immobilized cell; CGTase excretion; cell lysis; cross linkers; hollow fiber membrane

181

Paper ID: A169

Production of Inulin via One Factor Study at One Time by Using Mathematical Simulation Design Expert. Case Study: Sucrose Alternative from Citrullus lanatus

M.Y. Nurul Bahirah *1, A. Noormazlinah 2, R. Aizi Nor Mazila 1 , A.M. Mimi Sakinah 4

1 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, 26300 Gambang,

Pahang, Malaysia. 3 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, 26300 Gambang, Pahang,

Malaysia

ABSTRACT:

Inulin is a prebiotic agent and soluble dietary fibre, which increasingly used in food industry as a

replacement for sugar. Several studies have been done to optimize for more efficient production

processes because of health interest and function. Citrullus Lanatus is non-seasonal fruit that rich in

vitamins. The sweet taste of C. lanatus make it suitable as an alternative sugar. However, handling fruit

waste becoming an environmental issue as it requires a wise waste disposal method. Thus, in this study

alternative sucrose from C.lanatus was used to produce inulin by enzymatic reaction. Different

parameters including time, substrate, enzyme concentration, temperature and pH were studied using

one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT) by Design Expert software. The maximum inulin production (53.84

g/L) were observed at 75 minutes of reaction time, 27.5 w/v of substrate concentration, 50°C for

temperature, 78 w/v for enzyme concentration and pH 7.05. This study demonstrates that Citrullus

Lanatus is a good source of sucrose.

Keywords: Citrullus lanatus; inulin; ftase; prebiotic.

182

Paper ID: A126

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Fruits Using Subcritical Water: Effect of Process Parameters on Extraction Yield

N. A. Hashim, U. N. Md. Hashim, S. K. Abdul Mudalip,* N. Harun, F. Adam, R. Che Man,

S. Z. Sulaiman, Z. I. Mohd Arshad, S. Md. Shaarai

Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh Raya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: kholijah@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) is a popular herbal plant that is indigenous to Indonesia

and Malaysia. The bioactive ingredients in the plant contain antihistamine, antioxidant, and anti-

cancer compound. In this work, experimental study was performed using subcritical water

extraction (SWE) method to extract bioactive compound namely mangiferin from Mahkota Dewa

fruits. A sequential screening strategy using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) was carried out at

different solid to solvent ratios (3:100 - 7:100), temperatures (50 - 150 °C) and extraction times

(3 - 7 h). The yield of mangiferin extracted was measured using high-performance liquid

chromatography (HPLC). The results show that the solid to solvent ratio, extraction temperature

and time cause significant effect on the mangiferin yield. The best operating conditions for

extracting Mahkota Dewa fruit with subcritical method is 6:100 solid to solvent ratio and 100 °C

extraction temperature for 5 h with mangiferin yield of 10.3828 mg/g.

Keywords: Mahkota dewa; mangiferin; subcritical water extraction; antioxidant; optimization.

183

Paper ID: A285

Effect of Oscillation Frequency and Amplitude on the Residence Time Distribution for the Mesoscale Oscillatory Baffled Reactor

H. W. Yussof1, S. S. Bahri1, A. N. Phan2, A. P. Harvey2

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia.

2School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle University, NE1 7 RU, UK. * Corresponding author: hafizuddin@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

A recent development in oscillatory baffled reactor technology is down-scaling the reactor, so

that it can be used for applications such as small-scale continuous production of bioethanol. A

mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactor (MOBR) with central baffle system was developed and

fabricated at mesoscales (typically 5 mm diameter). This present work aims to analyse the mixing

conditions inside the MOBR by evaluating the residence time distribution (RTD) against the

dynamic parameters of net flow Reynolds number (Ren) at 4.2, 8.4 and 12.6 corresponding to

flow rates of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 ml/min respectively, oscillatory Reynolds number (Reo) between 62

to 622, and Strouhal number (Str) between 0.1 to 1.59. The effect of oscillation frequency and

amplitude on RTD performance were studied at frequency, amplitude, and velocity ratio ranging

from 4 to 8 Hz, 1 to 4 mm and 1 to 118, respectively. Effect of oscillation frequency has resulted

in the variance of the RTD increased as the oscillation frequency increased from 5 Hz to 8 Hz and

peaks at 6 Hz of 0.264. A further increase in the frequency above 5 Hz caused the RTD to slightly

broaden and positively skewed. At frequency of 5 Hz, the RTD profiles were close to Gaussian

form for all tested amplitude values from 1 mm to 4 mm. At low amplitudes, i.e. xo = 1 mm, the

variance exhibited its minimum around 0.842 at Reo =156. An increase in Reo above 300

resulted in increased in the variance rapidly to 1.28, and later eliminates the plug flow behaviour

and the reactor behaved similar to a single continuous stirred tank reactor.

Keywords: Mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactor; bioethanol; residence time distribution.

184

Paper ID: A152

Microencapsulation of Plant Extract

Fatin Hafizah Mohd Yusop *, Shareena Fairuz Abd. Manaf, Dr. Fazlena Hamzah

1 University of Technology Mara, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 40450. Shah Alam. Selangor

* Corresponding author: atien_feeza91@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Background: The aim of this paper is to discuss on the role of plant extract by using

microencapsulation techniques. Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier

between the core and wall material to prevent any chemical or physical reactions.

Microencapsulation provides an important technique in various food, pharmaceutical industry

and textile product because has the ability to improve shelf-life, oxidative stability, provide

protection and controlled biological activity release of active agents. A large number of

microencapsulation methods have been developed in order to modify microencapsulation

efficiency based on several factors such as types of active agents, shell material used, generating

particles with a variable range of sizes, shell thickness and permeability. With this work, an

overview regarding efficient and applications of microencapsulation process of plant extract will

be presented.

Keywords: Microencapsulation; plant extract.

185

Paper ID: A260

Enhancement of Reaction Rate of Lipasic Esterification of Oleic Acid with Aqueous Ethanol under Biphasic Conditions

M. S. Mahmud1, T. Safinski2, M. I. Nelson3, A. A. Adesina3

1 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

2ANSTO Minerals Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC NSW 2232. 3 School of Mathematics & Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522.

4 School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, ADFA, Canberra, ACT 2600. 5Atodatech LLC, Los Angeles

* Corresponding author: mohdsabri@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

An alternative is reported in this paper to produce biodiesel from free fatty acids in a liquid-liquid

system using immobilized lipase. The yield of reversible reactions is naturally deteriorated by the

presence of water because of thermodynamic limitation. In this study, the reaction rate was

nevertheless enhanced until 2 manifolds when water contents were initially made from 0.15

wt% to 15 wt%. The reaction tests were conducted in a batch reactor at 45oC using the feed

Keywords: esterification, liquid-liquid extraction, immobilized lipase, fatty acid ethyl ester.

186

Paper ID: A296

Molecular Dynamics an Outlook on Protein Thermal Stability and Evolution of Carbonic Anhydrase for Post Combustion Carbon Capture Purposes

Ricardo Parra-Cruz.1, Anca Pordea2, Rachel Gomes2, Lau Phei Li1,*

1 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus,

Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, 2 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham,

Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. * Corresponding author: phei-li.lau@nottingham.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Conventional post combustion carbon capture and utilization technologies are very costly,

inefficient, and unsustainable. Developing an approach that is potentially able to fix CO2 (g) for

the conversion of valuable chemicals with carbonic anhydrase (CA) has been proven effective at

a bench scale level. However, the maturity level of protein linked approaches is still incipient;

thus, this paper attempts to deliver a different computational approach to understand thermal

tolerance of biocatalysts that are able to thrive in industrial-like conditions, therefore, in this

study, we have analyzed the molecular dynamic behavior of three different hydrothermal vent

denizen crystal structure of proteins (4C3T, 4X5S and 4G7A) at three different temperatures

(343K, 353K and 363K) to provide some clear basis on CA’s folding evolution and pathways. In

addition, a bioinformatic set of tools and structural based analyses were carried out to provide

some key information on protein flexibility and energy folding mechanisms. From the

simulations, six different hotspots or temperature labile amino acids were successfully mapped

through the original parental sequence, also. It was determined by PCA analysis that 4C3T is

likely to be denatured at higher temperatures over 343K with anticipated turnover activities

lower than 10%. Additionally, 4X5S was found to be the most thermostable protein out of the

three, keeping low ene rgy values below 10 KJ/mol of entropic energy of unfolding at 363K. By

cross correlation analysis, 4X5S and 4G7A were demonstrated to have less variation between

residue coordinates. Generally, 4C3T seems to fluctuate in mid points between 0.1 to 0.25 nm.

Ultimately, relevant blue points and white areas are correlated to the most flexible points

analysed by RMSF. Thus, the apparent hotspots obtained were corroborated by this covariance

analysis

Keywords: Carbon mineralization; protein engineering; bioinformatics; atomistic molecular

dynamics.

187

Paper ID: A274

Comparison of Five Purification Methods to Purify Recombinant Bromelain from E.coli Bl21-A1

Z.I.M. Arshad, 1* A. Amid, 2 S.Z. Sulaiman, 1 S.M. Shaarani, 1 S.K. Abdul Mudalip, 1 R. Che Man1

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

2 Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: zatul@ump.edu.my

ABSTRACT:

Recombinant bromelain is a cysteine protease that can be exploited for its protease activity for

food and pharmaceutical applications. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare five

different purification methods which were aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), ammonium

sulphate precipitation, ion exchange, affinity, and gel filtration chromatography for the

recombinant bromelain purification from E.coli BL21-A1. Results: From the SDS-PAGE analysis, all

methods produced band with molecular weights of 55 kDa and 110 kDa. The comparison study

between ATPS and chromatography method has revealed that ATPS consisting of 13 % (w/w) of

PEG6000 and 11 % (w/w) potassium phosphate at pH 7.0 produced 16.39±0.03 % of yield,

purification fold of 5.35±0.11, and specific activity of 3.47±0.11 unit/mg of recombinant

bromelain. Conclusion: This proposed study may be used as a platform for large downstream

processing of recombinant bromelain in the future.

Keywords: Recombinant bromelain; E.coli BL21-A1; aqueous two-phase system (ATPS); ion

exchange chromatography; affinity chromatography; gel filtration chromatography.

188

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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

No. Name Organisation Position Contact Details

1 Abdurahman Nour (Prof.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-9134403 F: 09-5492889 E: noor2000_99@yahoo.com

2 Abdul Halim Abdul Razik (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492888 E: abdhalim@ump.edu.my

3 Abdul Halim Hadi Che Mohammad Yahya (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-7102060 E: abdhalimhadi@gmail.com

4 Abu Yousuf (Dr.) UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 011-33646139 E: ayousufcep@yahoo.com

5 Ahmad Haziq Ahmad Qalam (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-3375289 F: 09-5493312 E: ahmadhaziq92@gmail.com

6 Ahmed Nafees THE PETROLEUM INSTIUTUTE

RESEARCHER Chemical Engineering Laboratory Coordinator, Chemical Engineering Departmen, The Petroleum Instiutute,Abu Dhabi, UAE T: (971) 558006648 E: anafees@pi.ac.ae

194

7 Ainaa Binti Abdul Kahar (Mrs.)

MARDI RESEARCHER Enzyme and Fermentation Technology (BT03), Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, MARDI Headquarters, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. H: 012-5881004 E: ainaa@mardi.gov.my

8 Aliyah Jamaludin (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-5709009 E: liya_9009@yahoo.com

9 Alexander Liew Hing Boon (Mr.)

THE UNIVERSITY

OF NOTTINGHAM

MALAYSIA CAMPUS

STUDENT The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Faculty Of Engineering, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500 E: ngshiyee0720@gmail.com

10 Ashwinder Chelliah (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492888 F: 09-5492889 E: cashwinder@yahoo.com

11 Azhari Hamid Nour (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-9571471 F: 09-5492766 E: azharyhamid@yahoo.com

12 Azimah Saman (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-9410435 F: 09-5492889 E: azimahsaman@gmail.com

13 Aziza Daoud (Miss.)

OMDURMAN ISLAMIC

UNIVERSITY

LECTURER Omdurman Islamic University Sudan 382 Omdurman Sudan, ELthora, Khartoum, 382, Sudan.

195

SUDAN T: 00249-0912237514 E: aziza1142014@gmail.com

14 Ching Lam Goh (Mr.)

UTAR STUDENT Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur, 53300 H: 016-5615595 E: gohcl@acd.tarc.edu.my

15 Danial Shokri (Mr.)

THE NATIONAL RIBAT

UNIVERSITY

LECTURER The National Ribat University Karrari street-Omdurman, Omdurman, Kartoum 11111 T: (00249) 912461170 E: danial.ramis@gmail.com

16 Dinie Bin Muhammad

USM ASSISTANT PROFFESOR

School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang,14300 T: 04-5996457 E: chnaziz@usm.my, annursi@gmail.com

17 Dominic Chwan Yee Foo (Prof.)

THE UNIVERSITY

OF NOTTINGHAM

MALAYSIA CAMPUS

PROFFESOR The University Of Nottingham Malaysia Campus E: dominic.foo@nottingham.edu.my

18 Egbal Altoum (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: egbalaltom@hotmail.com

19 Elrasheed Sultan (Dr.)

MUSCAT COLLEGE

ASSISTANT PROFFESOR

Muscat College P.O.Box 2910, PC 112 Ruwi, Sultanate Of Oman, Boshar, Muscat. T: (00968) 92181414 F: 24506011 E: tukras@hotmail.com

20 Emel Akyol (Dr.) YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

ASSISTANT PROFFESOR

Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus,Chemical Engineering Department, Esenler,Istanbul. T: (+90212) 3834763 E: eakyol@yildiz.edu.tr

21 Engku Norfatima Engku Dahalan (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan

196

Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-8228387 E: engkunorfatima@gmail.com

22 Faatihah Mohamad Asri (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-9866049 E: faatihahmaster@gmail.com

23 Fahim Fayaz (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-9281622 F: 09-5492889 E: fahimfayaz10@yahoo.com

24 Farra Wahida Binti Shaarani (Mrs.)

UniKL STUDENT Universiti Kuala Lumpur Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, Melaka 78000 H: 019-6350009 E: farrashaarani@unikl.edu.my

25 Fatin Hafizah Mohd Yusop (Mrs.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor. H: 016-3373395 F: 03-55436300 E: shareenafairuz@salam.uitm.edu.my

26 Fatinah Ab Rahman (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-9737197 E: fatinah_abrahman@yahoo.com.my

27 Ghada Mohamme Ahmed (Dr.)

OMDURMAN ISLAMIC

UNIVERSITY SUDAN

ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR

Omdurman Islamic University Sudan 382 Omdurman Sudan, ELthora, Khartoum, 382, Sudan. T: 00249-0912650479 E: gadabio@gmail.com

28 Hafizuddin Wan UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang

197

Yussof (Dr.) Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: hafizuddin@ump.edu.my

29 Hanida Abdul Aziz (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: hanidaaziz@gmail.com

30 Hayder Bari (Prof.)

UMP PROFFESOR Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-3495130 E: hayder.bari@gmail.com

31 Hesham Rassem (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 011-28232371 E: hesham_rassem@yahoo.com

32 Huaiyu Yang (Dr.)

IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON

RESEARCHER Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UNITED KINGDOM E: jerry.heng@imperial.ac.uk

33 Ilknur Kucuk (Dr.)

YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR

Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus Istanbul, 34210, Turkey. T: 212-3834761 E: kucuki@gmail.com

34 Imla Syafiqah Mohd Salleh (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-7465648 E: imlasyafiqah@gmail.com

35 Jayshree Thuraisingam (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur.

198

H: 016-9631041 F: 09-5492544 E: jayshreekeshvan@yahoo.com

36 Jecksin Ooi (Miss.)

THE UNIVERSITY

OF NOTTINGHAM

MALAYSIA CAMPUS

STUDENT The University Of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor H: 012-4974867 F: 03-8924 8122 E: kebx5joi@exmail.nottingham.edu.my

37 John Olabode Akindoyo (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 010-9299981 F: 09-5492889 E: blessedbode@ymail.com

38 Jurida Jamaludin (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 014-5028071 F: 09-5492889 E: jurida_jamaludin@yahoo.com

39 Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin (Miss.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-7223374 E: knajwa@ump.edu.my

40 Lamia Seddiki (Miss.)

UPM STUDENT Universiti Putra Malaysia Villa Tropika 5-14,Kajang Selangor, 43400,Malaysia H: 011-12251518 E: seddiki03@yahoo.fr

41 Lamiae Seddiki (Miss.)

UKM STUDENT Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 5-14 Taman Tropika Apprt, Kajang, Selangor. H: 011-12251518 E: seddiki03@yahoo.fr

42 Law Li Chin (Miss.)

USM STUDENT Universiti Sains Malaysia 23, Taman Damai, 33100 Pengkalan Hulu, Pengkalan Hulu, Perak, 33100, Malaysia

199

H: 014-2463320 E: chin921009@outlook.com

43 Liyana Nadirah (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 011-19461156 F: 09-5492050 E: liyananadirah@ymail.com

44 Mahani Ahmad Kardri (Miss.)

UPM STUDENT Institute For Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Upm Serdang, Selangor. T: 05-4067309 E: mahan702@perak.uitm.edu.my

45 Mah Kah Hong (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: mahkahhong@gmail.com

46 Malar Vizhli Sivaguru (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-3722310 E: malarvizhli@ymail.com

47 Malini Subramaniam (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 014-9942465 F: 09-5492544 E: malini90@hotmail.com

48 Manal Goda (Dr.) IEND RESEARCHER King Abdulaziz street,Alfraa street, Abha, Aseer, 00966, Saudi Arabia. T: (00966) 546862822 F: 172298800 E: blsomasokara@yahoo.com

49 Mani Malam Ahamd (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur.

200

H: 011-36560301 F: 09-5492889 E: mmahmadu@gmail.com

50 Mazrul Nizam Bin Abu Seman (AP Dr.)

UMP PROFFESOR Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: mazrul@ump.edu.my

51 Mior Ahmad Khushairi Bin Mohd Zahari (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: ahmadkhushairi@ump.edu.my

52 M. K. Abd Rashid (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: mkhairushany@gmail.com

53 Mohamad Fauzi Zanil (Mr.)

UCSI LECTURER Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Process System Engineering Center, Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia H: 019-6951431 E: m0fauzi@gmail.com, mohdfauzi@ucsiuniversity.edu.my

54 Mohamad Syafiq Abdul Wahab (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-4515957 E: syafiqmohamad82@gmail.com

55 Mohamad Rizza Othman (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492820 F: 09-5492889 E: rizza@ump.edu.my

56 Mohammad UMP PROFFESOR Universiti Malaysia Pahang

201

Dalour Hossen Beg (AP Dr.)

Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: dhbeg@yahoo.com

57 Mohammad Syazwan bin Onn (Mr.)

PETRONAS Research Sdn

Bhd

RESEARCHER PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jln Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. T: 03-89281084 F: 03-89259419 E: syazwan.onn@petronas.com.my

58 Mohammed Amirul Islam (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: amirul.geb@gmail.com

59 Mohd Amirul Hakim Bin Sidek (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: amirul.hsk@gmail.com

60 Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-6521705 E: bijarimi@ump.edu.my

61 Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa (Dr.)

USIM LECTURER Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia H: 017-3022718 F: 06-798 6516 E: m.hafez@usim.edu.my

62 Mohd Khairul Nizam Mohd Zuhan (Mr.)

USM STUDENT School Of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, 14300 H: 017-9598734 E: nizam.zuhan@gmail.com

63 Mohd Najib Bin Razali (Mr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan

202

Pahang Darul Makmur. E: najib_ump@yahoo.com.my

64 Mohd Sabri Mahmud (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-9510384 E: mohdsabri@ump.edu.my

65 Mohd Yuhyi Mohd Tadza (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: yuhyi@academia.my

66 Mohd Yusri Mohd Yunus (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492902 E: yusri@ump.edu.my

67 Mohd Zulkifli Mohamad Noor (Mr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492826 E: mzulkifli@ump.edu.my

68 Mona Alrasheef Bashir

OMDURMAN ISLAMIC

UNIVERSITY

STEUDENT Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan. E: monabashir88@gmail.com

69 Mona Timan Idriss Gassab (Dr.)

SUDAN INTERNATION

AL UNIVERSITY

LECTURER Sudan International University Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obaid Khatim Street, Arkawit, Al Sixtety street, Khartoum, 11111 Sudan. T: 249-9907021592 E: monatabo40@yahoo.com

70 Muhamad Aliff Ramli (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur.

203

H: 011-29403716 F: 09-5493347 E: muhamad_aliff_ramli@yahoo.com

71 Muhammad Azlan Bin Nazeri (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-9705272 F: 09-5492889 E: shikin@ump.edu.my

72 Muhammad Bagus Prakasa (Mr.)

UNIVERSITI OF INDONESIA

RESEARCHER Universiti of Indonesia Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Indonesia , 16424 Depok, Indonesia. T: (+856) 24202530 E: bambanghs@che.ui.ac.id

73 Muhammad Bilal (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-7948856 F: 09-5492889

74 Muna Mohamad Kamal (Miss.)

UTM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Blok P1, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur. H: 019-2202407 F: 03-26154317 E: muna.mkamal@gmail.com

75 Munirah Ezzah Tuan Zakaria (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 014-8360867 F: 09-5492889 E: munirahezzah@gmail.com

76 Musfafikri Musa (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 011-29209327 E: musfafikrimusa@ump.edu.my

204

77 Nik Nor Aziati Abd Aziz (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 016-6668486 E: atie_encat@yahoo.com

78 Nitthiyah Jeyaratnam (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 016-7483223 F: 09-5492889 E: nitthi_89@hotmail.com

79 Norashikin Binti Ahmad Zamanhuri (Miss.)

UITM LECTURER Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor H: 012-7008202 E: shikin.zamanhuri@salam.uitm.edu.my

80 Norashid Aziz (AP Dr.)

USM ASSISTANT PROFFESOR

School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang,14300 T: 04-5996458 E: chnaziz@usm.my

81 Nor Faezah Ansari (Miss.)

UM STUDENT H: 012-5862148 E: faezahansari@gmail.com

82 Norfaezahtul Nor Azaini (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-9813726 E: norfaezahtul@gmail.com

83 Nor Farhana Hamid (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: farhan@ump.edu.my

84 Norfarisha Achim (Miss)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA No 292, Kg Baru Sg Nipah, Jln Manggis,Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan,71960, Malaysia H: 019-3196484

205

E: norfarishaachim@gmail.com

85 Norhafzan Junadi (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-6805464 E: half_zan88@yahoo.com

86 Nor Hanimah Binti Hamidi

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: nhanimah@ump.edu.my

87 Nor Halaliza Alias (Mrs.)

UITM LECTURER Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor. H: 013-2067656 F: 03-55436300 E: norhalaliza@salam.uitm.edu.my

88 Norhayati Abdullah (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492860 E: yatiabdullah@ump.edu.my

89 Nor Hazwani Aziz (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 014-8402579 E: tulipbiru88@yahoo.com.my

90 Noridah Abdullah

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: idah_nor86@yahoo.com

91 Norilhamiah Yahya (Mrs.)

UKM STUDENT Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia P13A-07-03, Sri Cempaka Apartment Sg. Chua, 43000 Kajang, Selangor. H: 012-6467746 F: 03-8911 8030

206

E: norilhamiah@unikl.edu.my

92 Noor Harliza Abd Razak

UITM LECTURER Faculty of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA , 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E: harliza8566@salam.uitm.edu.my

93 Noorlisa Harun (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492885 F: 09-5492889 E: noorlisa@ump.edu.my

94 Noor Sabrina Binti Ahmad Mutamim (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: noorsabrina@ump.edu.my

95 Noorsuhana Mohd Yusof (Mrs.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 40250 Shah Alam, Selangor. H: 017-9661794 F: 03-55436300 E: noorsuhana@salam.uitm.edu.my

96 Norashidah Masrom (Mrs.)

UTEM STUDENT Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka KM 10, Solok Gaong, Bukit Lintang, Melaka 75460. H: 012-9617359 E: rashidahmasrom@gmail.com

97 Normah Abdullah (Dr.)

UKM LECTURER Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Bangi, Selangor E: normah_abdul@yahoo.com

98 Norrashidah Mokhtar (Mrs.)

UTM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi Malaysia No 32, Jalan Demang 8,Taman Shahbandaraya, Klang, Selangor,41200 H: 013-3112513 E: norrashidah.mokhtar@gmail.com

99 Norsuraya UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA

207

Sahiron (Miss.) Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor H: 010- 4291545 F: 03-55436100 E: suraya.sahiron@gmail.com

100 Nur Adibah Amir Hamzah (Miss.)

UTM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur. H: 019-5224504 F: 03-26154317 E: nuradibahamirhamzah@gmail.com

101 Nur Athirah Sabarudin (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-5824549 F: 09-5492889 E: athirahsabarudin@gmail.com

102 Nur Amira Anang (Miss.)

UTEM STUDENT Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, 76100, Malaysia. H: 010-7097006 E: amiraaanang@gmail.com

103 Nur Dini Mat Jusoh (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-4071865 F: 09-549 2889 E: nurdini_65@yahoo.com

104 Nur Ezyan Badrul Hisham (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-3024184 F: 09-5492889 E: drhanuni@ump.edu.my

105 Nur Fathin Amirah Shafie (Miss.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA 18466 Hadapan Sk Gong Badak, Kuala Terengganu 21300 Terengganu.

208

H: 013-5956046 F: 03-55436300 E: nurfathinamirahshafie@yahoo.com

106 Nur Hatipah Binti Ibrahim (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-4864890 E: hatipah.ibrahim@gmail.com

107 Nur Hazirah Huda Mohd Harun (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. F: 09-5492889 E: nhazirahhuda@gmail.com

108 Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492853 F: 09-5492889 E: hidayahyassin@ump.edu.my

109 Nuri 'Adilah Nashrulmillah Idris (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 014-5199286 E: nuriadilah@hotmail.com

110 Nurmaryam Aini Hashim (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-6691341 F: 09-5492889 E: aini.hashim@yahoo.com

111 Nurul Aida Sulaiman (Miss.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA Jalan Pusara, Kg Hulu Chuchoh 43950, Sg Pelek, Sepang Selangor. H: 019-3522581 F: 03-55436300 E: nurulaidasulaiman@yahoo.com

209

112 Nurul Ain Jumri (Miss.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA Lot 19294,Taman Seri Bakti Jalan Bomba, Tanjong Karang, Selangor, 45500, Malaysia. H: 019-2856039 E: nurulain.jumri@gmail.com

113 Nurul Ain Ismail (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5493307 F: 09-5493312 E: nurulainis@ump.edu.my

114 Nurul Aini Mohd Azman (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: ainiazman@ump.edu.my

115 Nurul Akmil Mustaffa (Mrs.)

UTEM STUDENT Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka No. 14 Jalan Ki 13b, 75260 Taman Krubong Indah, Melaka. H: 012-9877616 F: 60-3316411 E: akmil.mustaffa@gmail.com

116 Nurul Amila Fadhlin Baharuddin (Miss.)

UTM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, 54100 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. T: 03 -2615 4317 E: fadhlin_4292@yahoo.com

117 Nurul Bahirah Mohamed Yusoff (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-5107712 F: 09-5492889 E: nurul.bahirah@gmail.com

118 Nurul Fatin Alia Mustapha (Miss.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA No 3, Blok B, Kompleks Perumahan Polis, 83000 Jalan Tanjung Labuh, Batu Pahat, Johor. H: 013-6131184 F: 03-55436300 E: alia534492@gmail.com

210

119 Nurul Hazwani

Sabri (Miss.) UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: hazwanisabrijamaludin@gmail.com

120 Nurul Izzatie Ishak (Mrs.)

UNIMAP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Perlis No.18, Jalan Maju, Taman Kemajuan, 01000,Kangar,Perlis Malaysia H: 013-5815031 E: izzatie6226@gmail.com

121 Nurul Nadiah Said (Miss.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450. H: 013-4905110 F: 03-5543 6300 E: nurulnadiah.said@gmail.com

122 Nurul Nadzirah Mohd Yusof (Miss.)

USM STUDENT Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang. H: 019-3649788 F: 04-5996908 E: nurulnadzirah.my@gmail.com

123 Nur Syazana Muhamad Nasrah (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 014-5224602 F: 09-5492889 E: nursyazana.muhdnasrah@gmail.com

124 Olusegun Abyomi Olalere (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 011-16543886 E: olabayor@gmail.com

125 Omar Abed Habeeb (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 018-2367016

211

E: omaraljbory44.oh@gmail.com

126 Omar Awad (Mr.) UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-6465543 F: 09-424 2202 E: omaribr78@gmail.com

127 Pradeep Poddar (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 011-25405717 F: 09-5492889 E: pradeeppoddarwst@gmail.com

128 Ricardo Andres Parra Cruz (Mr.)

THE UNIVERSITY

OF NOTTINGHAM

MALAYSIA

STUDENT The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia H: 010-2010696 E: kebx4rau@nottingham.edu.my

129 Rini Jarial (Mrs.) UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-2087678 F: 09-5492889 E: rini.is.jarial66@gmail.com

130 Rishini mariyappan

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: Rishini_92@live.com

131 Rohaida Che Man (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-9472376 F: 09-5492889 E: rohaida@ump.edu.my

132 Rosshila Idris (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur.

212

H: 017-2576105 F: 09-5492889 E: ka11186@stdmail.ump.edu.my

133 Rozaimi Abu Samah (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-7745183 E: rozaimi@ump.edu.my

134 Rubaiyi Matzaid (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: rubaiyi86@gmail.com

135 Saidatul Shima Jamari (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-3633278 F: 09-5492888 E: sshima@ump.edu.my

136 Said Nurdin (AP Dr.)

UMP PROFFESOR Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: snurdin2@gmail.com

137 Shabirah Ezan (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 014-5288849 E: shabiezan@gmail.com

138 Sara El kheir Mustafa Fadul sara (Dr.)

OMDURMAN ISLAMIC

UNIVERSITY

LECTURER Omdurman Islamic University 382 Omdurman Sudan, El Thora Nus, Khartoum, Sudan T: 00249-0911252259 E: sara.elkheir@gmail.com

139 Shaharuddin Hashim (Dr.)

FRIM RESEARCHER Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor.

213

E: shahruddin@frim.gov.my

140 Sharanjit Singh (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-2893957 F: 09-5492889 E: sharan.ips11@gmail.com

141 Sharmeeni Murugan (Miss.)

UTAR STUDENT Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Faculty of Engineering & Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, kampar, Perak. E: sharmeeni.murugan@gmail.com

142 Sharmin Sultana (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 011-41607987 E: snigdhastat@gmail.com

143 Siti Fatma Abd Karim (Mrs.)

UITM LECTURER Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Chemical Engineering Shah Alam E: sitifatma9633@salam.uitm.edu.my

144 Siti Hana Abu Bakar (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019- 9397357 F: 09-549 2889 E: sitihana.abubakar@gmail.com

145 Siti Nabihah Jamaludin (Miss.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor. H: 013-3536721 F: 03-55436300 E: ctnabihahjamaludin@gmail.com

146 Siti Nasuha Sabri (Miss.)

UNIMAP STUDENT Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 3, Arau, Kangar, 02600, Perlis. H: 017-9696620 F: 04-9794836

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E: nasuha2614@yahoo.com

147 Siti Norazimah Aziz

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: sitinorazimahaziz@yahoo.com

148 Siti Raishan Mohd Rashid (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 016-6842561 F: 09-5492889 E: raishanrashid@gmail.com

149 Siti Sabrina Mohd Sukri (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-7579343 E: sitisabrinasukri@gmail.com

150 Siti Zubaidah Sulaiman (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-6605096 F: 09-5492889 E: szubaidah@ump.edu.my

151 Suhaida Binti Mat Ghani (Mrs.)

SIRIM RESEARCHER IBRC SIRIM BERHAD 1, Jln Persiaran Dato' Menteri, PO Box703 40910, Shah Alam Selangor. H: 019-4008027 F: 03-55446988 E: suhaida@sirim.gov.my

152 Suhaini Mamat (Mrs.)

UPM STUDENT Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400 H: 019-2667576 E: suhainim@unikl.edu.my

153 Suhuan Kow (Miss.)

UNIMAP STUDENT School of Environmental Engineering, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Arau,Perlis.

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H: 016-9833962 E: suhuan_kow@yaoo.com

154 Sumaiya Zainal Abidin (Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-3474841 F: 09-5492889 E: nadiatul.nnh@gmail.com

155 Sumathi Sethupathi (Dr.)

UTAR ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak, 31900, Malaysia T: 05-4688888 F: 05-4667449 E: sumathi@utar.edu.my

156 Suok Ling Nguang (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 012-6512908 F: 09-5493233 E: jolius@ump.edu.my

157 Swati Sharma (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-9371535 F: 09-5492889 E: sspandit.89@gmail.com

158 Sweeta Akbari (Mrs.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 011-37530480 E: sweeta.akbary11@yahoo.com

159 Syaiful Nizam Bin Hassan (Mr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: syaiful@ump.edu.my

160 Syamsul Rizal USM ASSISTANT School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering

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Abd Shukor (AP Dr.)

PROFFESOR Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang,14300 T: 04-5996413 E: chsyamrizal@usm.my

161 Syed Mohd Saufi (AP Dr.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: smsaufi@ump.edu.my

162 Tajnor Suriya Taju Ariffin (Miss.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA Felda Global Ventures Plantations (M) Sdn Bhd, No 159, Jalan Wawasan 2, 86800 Taman Wawasan, Mersing. H: 013-6439296 E: tajnorsuriya@yahoo.com

163 Tan Kai Quan (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 017-2791038

164 Thuraiya Mohammad Thaim (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-9692574 F: 09-5492889 E: thuraiyathaim@gmail.com

165 Umarul Imran (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-9926801 E: umarulimran.amran@gmail.com

166 Wan Asma Ibrahim (Dr.)

FRIM RESEARCHER Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor. E: asma@frim.gov.my

167 Wan Muhamad Syafiq Wan Ismail (Mr.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan

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Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 019-4545283 F: 09-5492915 E: wanmuhamadsyafiqwanismail@gmail.com

168 Wan Nurdiyana Wan Amarina (Miss.)

UMK STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Kelantan PT601 Lrg Pak Chik Omar, KM2 Kg Dangar, 17000, Pasir Mas, Kelantan. H: 018-9688690 E: diyanaamarina@gmail.com

169 Wan Siti Atikah Wan Omar (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-3933931 F: 09-5492889 E: atikah2198@gmail.com

170 Yean Sang Wong (Miss.)

UTP STUDENT Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan. H: 016-4870422 F: 05-3656176 E: wongyeansang@gmail.com

171 Yus Aniza Yusof (AP Dr.)

UPM PROFFESOR Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Process and Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. E: yus.aniza@upm.edu.my

172 Zainal Ahmad (Dr.)

USM ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR

Universiti Sains Malaysia Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang. T: 04-5996462 F: 04-599 6908 E: chzahmad@usm.my

173 Zakirah Mohd Zahari (Miss.)

UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. T: 09-5492919 F: 09-5492889 E: zakirah_mzahari@yahoo.com

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174 Zatul Iffah Mohd Arshad (Mrs.)

UMP LECTURER Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. E: zatul@ump.edu.my

175 Zatul Iranati Md.Sharif (Mrs.)

UITM STUDENT Universiti Teknologi MARA 65a, 75050 Ujong Pasir, Melaka. H: 012-3685712 F: 03-55436300 E: zatuliranati@gmail.com

176 Zuriana na (Mrs.) UMP STUDENT Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul Makmur. H: 013-9596476 E: zuriana_naz@yahoo.com

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ORGANIZER:

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

http://icceib.ump.edu.my

http://icceib.ump.edu.my