contains difficult gre question
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5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
1/16
Religion/Se
Belief
Bahai Bahai Bahaihistory fast facts beliefs in God
Buddhism
fast facts
Religion/Se
Belief
Cao Dai Founded in 1926, 4-6 million God represented Goal is peace and Reincarnation. Bad
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Origins &
History
Adherents
Worldwide
God(s) and
Universe
Human Situation
and Life's
Afterlife
Buddhism
histor
Compare
Theravada and
Human nature in
Buddhism
Afterlife in
Buddhism
Reincarnation until
gain
enlightenment
Buddhism Founded
bySiddharta
Gautama (the
Buddha) in c.
520 BC, NE India.
360 million Varies: Theravada
atheistic;
Mahayana more
polytheistic.
Buddha taught
nothing is
permanent.
Purpose is
toavoid
sufferingand
gain
enlightenment
Reincarnation
(understood
differently than in
Hinduism, with no
surviving soul)
until gain
enlightenment
Bahai on human Bahai and the
Bn Indigenousreligion of Tibet.
100,000 Nontheistic
Buddhism, but
meditation on
peaceful and
wrathful deities.
Purpose is to gain
enlightenment.
Baha'i Faith Founded
byBah'u'llh,
1863, Tehran,
Iran.
5-7 million One God, who
has revealed
himself
progressivelythr
ough major
The soul is eternal
and essentially
good. Purpose of
life is to develop
spiritually and
draw closer to
God.
Soul separates
from the body and
begins a journey
towards or away
from God. Heaven
and hell are states
of being.
Atheism Appears
throughout history
(including ancient
Greek philosophy),
1.1 billion (this
figure includes
agnostic and non-
religious, which
There is no God or
divine being.
Beliefs about the
universe usually
Since there is no
afterlife, this one
life is of great
importance. Only
none
Asatru Revival of Norseand Germanic
paganism, 1970s
Scandinavia and
USA.
unknown Polytheistic, Norse
gods and
goddesses, Norse
creation myths.
Salvation or
redemption not
emphasized.
Fatalistic view of
universe.
Valhalla (heaven)
for death in battle;
Hel (peaceful
place) for most;
Hifhel (hell) for
the very evil.
AladuraVarious prophet-
healing churches
founded since
c.1918, West
Nigeria.
1 million Generally
monotheistic; a
mix of Anglican,
Pentecostal and
traditional African
beliefs.
Strong emphasis
on healing and
salvation in this
life through
prayer, fasting and
other rituals.
Not emphasized;
views vary.
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Origins &
History
Adherents
Worldwide
God(s) and
Universe
Human Situation
and Life's
Afterlife
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om/bahai/fast_facts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/bahai/history.htm 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5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
2/16
Chinese reli ion Chinese Chinese Chinese
histor reli ion reli ion reli ion
beliefs bod and soul afterlife
Religion/Se
Origins & Adherents God(s) and Human Situation Afterlife
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Confucianis
m
Founded by
Confucius(551479 BC),
China
5-6 million Not addressed Purpose of life is
to fulfill one's rolein society with
propriety, honor,
and loyalty.
Not addressed
Christian
Science
Founded by Mary
Baker Eddy in
1879,
Massachusetts.
150,000 - 400,000 One God. No
Trinity (in
traditional sense).
Matter and evil do
not exist.
Salvation is "Life,
Truth, and Love
understood and
demonstrated as
supreme over all;
sin, sickness and
death destroyed."
Heaven is "not a
locality, but a
divine state of
Mind in which all
the manifestations
of Mind are
harmonious and
immortal."
Christian history Christianity fast Christian beliefs Human nature in The afterlife in
Christianity
(Catholic,
Protestant,
Orthodox)
Founded by Jesus
Christ in c. 30 AD,
Israel.
2 billion One God who is a
Trinity of Father,
Son, and Holy
Spirit
All have sinned
and are thereby
separated from
God. Salvation is
through faith in
Christ and, for
some, sacraments
Eternal heaven or
hell (or temporary
purgatory).
Chinese religion
timeline
Chopra
Center
Founded by
Deepak Chopra in
1991, California
unknown monism - God or
Supreme Reality
pervades all
things; all is unity
Humans have
limitless potential,
but do not
recognize this.
Health and
success can be
had by focusing on
whole self (mind,
body, spirit).
Reincarnation
Vietnam by Ngo
Van Chieu and
others based on a
sance.
by Divine Eye.
Founders of
Buddhism,
Taoism, Hinduism,
Islam, and
Christianity
venerated, and
saints including
Victor Hugo.
harmony in each
person and in the
world. Salvation
by "cultivating self
and finding God in
self."
karma can lead to
rebirth on a darker
planet; good
karma to better
life on earth.
Eventual
attainment of
nirvana or heaven.
Chinese
Religion
Indigenous folk
religion of China.
394 million Dualistic yin and
yang;
mythological
beings and folk
deities.
Purpose is a
favorable life
and peaceful
afterlife,
attained through
Judgment, then
reincarnation or
temporary hell
until gain a
Buddhist-type
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5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
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Belief
Religion/Se Origins & Adherents God(s) and Human Situation Afterlife
Greek
Religion
Variety of religions
of ancient Greeks
ancient form
extinct
Olympic pantheon
(Zeus, etc.) mixed
with eastern
deities like Isis
and Cybele
Human life is
subject to the
whim of the gods
and to Fate; these
can be controlled
through sacrifice
and divination.
Beliefs varied from
no afterlife to
shadowy existence
in the underworld
to a paradise-like
afterlife (mainly in
mystery religions).
Gnosticism Various teachers
including
Valentinus, 1st-
2nd cents. AD
ancient form
extinct; small
modern revival
groups
The supreme God
is unknowable; the
creator god is evil
and matter is evil.
Humans can
return to the
spiritual world
through secret
knowledge of the
universe.
Return to the
spiritual world.
Falun Gong Li Hongzhi in 1992
in China
10 million Countless gods
and spiritualbeings. Demonic
aliens.
The Falun (wheel)
is an energysource located in
the navel. Goal is
spritual
transcendence,
achieved by
practicing Falun
Gong.
Not addressed
Epicureanis
m
Epicurus in c.300
BC, Athens.
unknown A deistic sort of
polytheism: the
gods exist, but
take no notice of
humans.
Materialism:
everything is
made of atoms,
including gods and
the soul.
No afterlife. The
soul dissolves
when the body
dies.
Eckankar John Paul Twitchellin 1965, Las
Vegas.
50-500,000 The Divine Spirit,
called "ECK"
"Each of us is
Soul, a spark of
God sent to this
world to gain
spiritual
experience."
Salvation is
liberation and God-
realization.
Reincarnation. The
Soul is eternal by
nature and on a
spiritual journey.
Liberation possible
in a single lifetime.
Druze Al-Darazi in 11th
century, Cairo,
Egypt. Roots in
the Isma'iliyya
sect of Shia Islam.
500,000 Universal
Intelligence (al-
Aql al-Kulli) or
Divine Essence
(akin toNeoplatonism), of
which al-Hakim is
believed to be an
incarnation.
Live a good life for
a favorable
reincarnation.
Await the re-
appearance of al-Hakim (a Fatimid
caliph who
disappeared in
1021), who will
Reincarnation.
Heaven is a
spiritual existence
when one has
escapedreincarnation. Hell
is distance from
God in lifetime
after lifetime.
Deism Especially
popularized in the
18th-cent.
unknown One Creator God
who is
uninterested in the
Not addressed Not addressed
H story
Wor w e Un verse
an L e s
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5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
4/16
Belief
Hinduism
sects
Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam
histor fast facts beliefs afterlife sects
Jainism Jainism Jainism Jainism Jainism
histor fast facts beliefs timeline ethics
Jehovah's Jehovah's Jehovah's
beliefs and holida s ethics
Religion/Se
Belief
Judaism Judaism Judaism Judaism Judaism
histor fast facts beliefs theolo afterlife
Mayan c.250 AD (rise of Historically, up to Many gods, Appease and
Judaism The religion of theHebrews (c. 1300
BC), especially
after the
destruction of the
Second Temple in
70 AD.
14 million One God, Yahweh
(YHVH).
Obey God's
commandments,
live ethically.
Focus is more on
this life than the
next.
Not historically
emphasized.
Beliefs vary from
no afterlife to
shadowy existence
to the World to
Come (similar to
The soul journeys
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Origins &
History
Adherents
Worldwide
God(s) and
Universe
Human Situation
and Life's
Afterlife
Jehovah's
Witnesses
Jehovah's
Witnesses fast
Reincarnation until
liberation.
Jehovah's
Witnesses
Charles Taze
Russell, 1879,
Pittsburgh
6.5 million One God, Jehovah.
No Trinity - Christ
is the first creation
of God; the Holy
Spirit is a force.
Salvation is
through faith in
Christ and obeying
Jehovah's laws.
The End of the
World is soon.
Heaven for
144,000 chosen
Witnesses,
eternity on new
earth for other
Witnesses. All
others annihilated.
Jainism Mahavira, c. 550BC, eastern India
4 million The universe is
eternal; many
gods exist. Gods,
humans and all
living things are
classified in a
complex
The soul is
uncreated and
eternal and can
attain perfect
divinity. Purpose is
to gain liberation
from cycle of
Islam Muhammad, 622AD, Saudi Arabia
1.3 billion (Sunni:
940 million)
One God (Allah in
Arabic)
Humans must
submit (islam ) to
the will of God to
gain Paradise after
death.
Paradise or Hell.
Hinduism history Hinduism fast Hinduism beliefs Hinduism deities
HinduismIndigenous
religion of India as
developed to
present day.
900 million One Supreme
Reality (Brahman)
manifested in
many gods and
goddesses
Humans are in
bondage to
ignorance and
illusion, but are
able to escape.
Purpose is to gain
release from
Reincarnation until
gain
enlightenment.
Hare
Krishna
Bhaktivedanta
Swami
Prabhupada, 1966,
USA (with roots in
15th-century
Hindu movement)
250,000-1 million Krishna is the
Supreme God.
Salvation from this
Age of Kali is by a
return to
Godhead,
accomplished
through Krishna-
Consciousness.
Reincarnation until
unite with the
Godhead.
H story
Wor w e Un verse
an L e s
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5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
5/16
Wallace Fard
The letters
Religion/Se
Belief
Teachin s
Bob Marle
Rastafarian Rastafarian Mari uana
histor overview and reli ion
Satanism,La
Satanic
Human consists of
Gain spiritual
Rastafari 1 million God is Jah, who
became
incarnate in
Jesus (who was
black) and Haile
Humans are
temples of Jah.
Salvation is
primarily in this
world and consists
of liberation from
oppression and
Some Rastas will
experience
"everliving"
(physical
immortality).
Heaven is a return
to Eden, which is
Scientology L. Ron Hubbard,1954, California
70,000 or several
million, depending
on the source
God(s) not
specified; reality
explained in the
Reincarnation
The Church of
Satanwas
founded in 1966by Anton LaVey
The Church of
Satan doesn't
make membershipnumbers public
Atheistic and/or
agnostic
Nine Satanic
Statements
N/A
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Origins &
History
Adherents
Worldwide
God(s) and
Universe
Human Situation
and Life's
Afterlife
New
Thought
Phineas Parkhurst
Quimby (1802-66)
and others, late
19th century,
USA.
160,000 Generally monism
(all is One), but
members might be
theists, pantheists
or panentheists.
God is immanent;
the universe is
Man is divine,
essentially spirit,
and has infinite
possibility. Mind
can control the
body. Sin and
sickness caused
"Life is eternal in
the invisible
kingdom of God."
New Age Helena PetrovnaBlavatsky and
Annie Besant in
5 million (veryapproximate)
The Divine is animpersonal life
force that
Dawning of a NewAge of heightened
consciousness and
Reincarnationbased on karma
Mormonism
(Church of
Jesus Christof Latter-
Day Saints)
Joseph Smith,
1830, New York,
USA
12.2 million God the Father,
the Son Jesus
Christ, and the
Holy Ghost arethree separate
individual beings
Humans existed as
spirits before this
life, salvation is
returning to God.Salvation by faith
in Christ, good
works, ordinances,
and evangelism.
All return to spirit
world for period of
instruction before
resurrection.Mormons to
heaven with God
and families;
others rewarded
Nation of
Islam
Estimates range
from 10,000 to
100,000
"One God whose
proper name is
Allah." Wallace
Fard Muhammad
became the divine
messiah and
incarnation of
"The Blackman is
the original man"
(Message to the
Blackman ). Live
righteously and
worship Allah.
Mental
resurrection of the
righteous. Black
people will be
mentally
resurrected first.
Mormon history Mormon fast Mormon beliefs Mormon Mormon
Religion
the Mayan
civilization)
2 million. Some
survival today.
including Itzamn,
Kukulcn, Bolon
Tzacab, and Chac
nourish the gods;
determine luckiest
dates for various
activities.
through dark and
threatening
underworld; but
sacrificial victims
and women who
die in childbirth go
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5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
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Religion/Se
Origins & Adherents God(s) and Human Situation Afterlife
Sikhism Sikhism Sikhism Sikhism Sikhism
histor fast facts beliefs lossar timeline
20 million
(394 million
Taoism Taoism Taoism Taoism
fast facts beliefs deities sects
The Tao
Unification
Church
Sun Myung Moon,
1954, South
Korea.
Over 1 million (3
million acc. to
official sources)
Monotheism, with
the duality of God
(esp. masculine
Purpose is true
love and world
peace instead of
Eternal life in a
spirit world.
Stoicism Zeno in c.313 BC,Athens.
unknown Pantheism: the
logos pervades the
universe.
Purpose is
happiness,
achieved by
virtue, i.e., living
reasonably.
Possible continued
existence of the
Soul, but not a
personal
existence.
Taoism Lao-Tzu, c. 550
BC, China.
Pantheism - the
Tao pervades all.Yin-yang -
opposites make up
a unity.
Purpose is inner
harmony, peace,and longevity.
Acheived by living
in accordance with
the Tao.
Revert back to
state of non-being,which is simply the
other side of
being.
Spiritualism
, a.k.a.
Modern
movement:
11 million Beliefs vary, but
generally based in
Body and spirit are
separate entities.
A spiritual
existence with
Sikhism Guru Nanak, c.1500 AD, Punjab,
India.
23 million One God (Ik
Onkar, Nam)
Overcome the self,
align life with will
of God, and
become a "saint
soldier," fighting
for good.
Reincarnation until
resolve karma and
merge with God.
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Shinto Indigenousreligion of Japan.
3-4 million Polytheism based
on the kami,
ancient gods or
spirits.
Humans are pure
by nature and can
keep away evil
through
purification rituals
and attain good
things by calling
on the kami.
Death is bad and
impure. Some
humans become
kami after death.
Seventh-day
Adventists
Rooted in Millerite
movement;
founded 1863 in
New England;early leaders:
Ellen White, Hiram
Edson and Joseph
10 million
[source]
One God who is a
Trinity of Father,
Son, and Holy
Spirit
Second Coming of
Christ is
imminent;
salvation is byfaith in Christ;
emphasis on
quality of life both
A "peaceful pause"
after death until
the coming of
Christ, thenresurrection to
judgment,
followed by
Scientology Scientology fast Scientology Scientology Scientology
http://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/history.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/glossary.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/history.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/glossary.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/deities.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/sects.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/deities.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/sects.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/beliefs/tao.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/unification_church/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/unification_church/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/stoicism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/shinto/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/seventh_day_adventist.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/seventh_day_adventist.htmhttp://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/sevn.htmlhttp://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/sevn.htmlhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/history.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/ethics.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/glossary.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/glossary.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/glossary.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/ethics.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/ethics.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/history.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/history.htmhttp://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/sevn.htmlhttp://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/sevn.htmlhttp://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/seventh_day_adventist.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/seventh_day_adventist.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/shinto/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/religion_facts_echarts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/stoicism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/unification_church/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/unification_church/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/beliefs/tao.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/sects.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/deities.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/sects.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/deities.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/glossary.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/history.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/glossary.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/beliefs.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/fastfacts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/history.htm -
5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
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Religion/Se
Belief
Origins &
History
Adherents
Worldwide
God(s) and
Universe
Human Situation
and Life's
Afterlife
Zoroastriani
sm
Zoroaster in c.6th
cent. BC, Persia.
Official religion of
ancient Persia.
May have
influenced Judaism
and Vedic religion.
c. 200,000 One God, Ahura
Mazda, but a
dualistic worldview
in which an evil
spirit, Angra
Mainyu, is almost
as powerful.
Humans are free
to do good or evil,
must choose the
side of good.
Judgment followed
by heaven or hell.
Hell is temporary
until final
purgation and
return to Ahura
Mazda.
Wicca Based on ancientpagan beliefs, but
modern form
founded early
1900s. Founder
generally said to
be Gerald
Gardner.
1-3 million Polytheism,
centered on the
Goddess and God,
each in various
forms; also a
belief in a
Supreme Being
over all
"If it harms none,
do what you will."
Reincarnation until
reach the
Summerland
Unitarian
Universalism
Formal merger of
Unitarians and
Universalists in1961, USA.
800,000 Not specified.
Members might
believe in oneGod, many gods,
or no God.
Salvation is
"spiritual health or
wholeness."Members seek
"inner and outer
peace," insight,
health,
Not specified.
Some believe in
an afterlife, somedo not. Very few
believe in hell -
"Universalism"
indicates the belief
emphasized. No
Trinity doctrine.
.
love and the
kingdom of God
on earth will be
restored by the
creation of "true
families."
http://www.religionfacts.com/zoroastrianism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/zoroastrianism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/neopaganism/paths/wicca.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/unitarian_universalism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/unitarian_universalism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/unitarian_universalism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/unitarian_universalism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/unitarian_universalism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/unitarian_universalism.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/neopaganism/paths/wicca.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/zoroastrianism/index.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/zoroastrianism/index.htm -
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Bahai Bahaipractices texts
Buddhist
texts
Hierarchy similar Caodai canon
Practices Texts
Tripitaka (Pali
Canon); Mahayana
sutras like the
Lotus Sutra;
others.
Buddhism
ractices
Meditation on
mandalas and
Tibetan deities,
astrology,
monastic life.
Bonpo canon
Meditation,
mantras, devotion
to deities (in some
sects), mandalas
(Tibetan)
Daily prayer,
avoidance of
intoxicants,
scripture reading,
hard work,
education, work
for social justice
Writings
ofBah'u'llh an
d other Bah'
leaders.
none Influential works
include those by
Marx, Freud,
Feuerbach, and
Spiritual healing is
central. Mix of
Anglican and
African rituals; a
prophet plays a
prominent role.
None
Sacrifice of food or
drink, toast to the
gods, shamanism
(less frequently),
celebration of
solstice holidays.
Nine Noble Virtues
is moral code.
Eddas (Norse
epics); the
Havamal
(proverbs
attributed to Odin)
Practices Texts
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Ancestor worship,
longevity practices
, divination,
Chinese Chinese
reli ion reli ion
ractices ob ects
The Bible
(Old and New
Christian
texts
TextsPractices
Honesty,
politeness,propriety,
humaneness,
perform correct
role in society,
loyalty to family,
Analects
Spiritual healing
through prayer
and knowledge,
Sunday services,
daily Bible
and Science &
Health reading.
Christian
Bible,Science &
Health with Key to
the Scriptures
Prayer, Bible
study, baptism,
Eucharist
(Communion),
church on
Sundays,
numerousChristian
Yoga, meditation,
massage,
nutrition,
mindfulness, detox
sessions, positive
thinking.
Deepak Chopra's
many books, such
as the Seven
Spiritual Laws of
Success
to Roman
Catholicism. Daily
prayer. Meditation.
Communication
with spirit world
(now outlawed in
Vietnam).
None
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TextsPractices
Asceticism,
celibacy
Gnostic scriptures
including
variousGospels an
dActsattributed to
apostles.
Animal sacrifice,
harvest offerings,
festivals, games,
processions,
dance, plays, in
honor of the gods.
Secret initiations
and rituals in
mystery religions.
Epic poems of
Homer and
Hesiod.
Pursue the highest
pleasures
(friendship and
tranquility) and
avoid pain.
Letters
and Principal
Doctrinesof
Epicurus
Five exercises to
strengthen theFalun. Cultivation
of truthfulness,
benevolence and
forbearance. Meat
eating
discouraged.
Zhuan Falun and
other writings byMaster Li
Modest lifestyles,
fasting before Eid
al-Adha. Beliefs
and practices are
hidden forprotection from
persecution.
Special group of
initiates
Al-Naqd al-
Khafi(Copy of the
Secret);Al-Juz'al-
Awwal(Essence of
the First)
Spiritual Exercises
of ECK: mantras,
meditation, and
dreams. These
enable Soul travel
and spiritual
growth.
Shariyat-Ki-
Sugmadand books
by Harold Klemp
None prescribed,
although some
deists practice
Thomas
Paine's The Age of
Reason and
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Hinduism
texts
Islam Islam
ractices texts
Jainism Jainism
ractices lossar
Jehovah's Jehovah's
Witnesses Witnesses
ractices texts
Judaism Judaism
holida s texts
Texts
Circumcision at
birth, bar/bat
mitzvah at
adulthood.
Synagogue
services on
Saturdays. No
Bible (Tanakh),
Talmud
Astronomy, Dresden, Madrid,
Practices
No blood
transfusions, no
celebration of
holidays, no use of
crosses or
religious images.
Baptism, Sunday
New World
Translation of the
Scriptures
Monasticism under
the Five Great
Vows (Non-
Violence, Truth,
Celibacy, Non-
Stealing, Non-
Possessiveness);
The teachings of
Mahavira in
various collections.
Five Pillars: Faith,
Prayer, Alms,
Pilgrimage,
Fasting. Mosque
services on
Fridays. Ablutions
before prayer. No
Qur'an (Scripture)
;Hadith (tradition)
Yoga, meditation,
worship (puja),
devotion to a god
or goddess,
pilgrimage to holy
cities, live
according to one's
The Vedas,
Upanishads,
Bhagavad Gita,
Ramayana, etc.
Hinduism
Chanting, dancing,
evangelism,
vegetarianism,
temple worship,
monastic-style
living.
The Bhagavad-
Gita As It Is
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Mormon Mormon
ractices texts
Rastafarian
racticesRituals, church
meetings,
questioningauthority
Many practices
based on Jewish
biblical Law.
Abstinence from
most or all meat,
artificial foods,
and alcohol. Use
Holy Piby (the
"Blackman's
Bible). The
Ethiopian epic
Kebra Negast also
revered.
The Satanic Bible
Auditing,
progressing up
various levels until
" "
Writings of
Hubbard, such
as Dianetics and S
Practices Texts
Astrology;mysticism; use of
crystals; yoga;
Works of a varietyof New Age writers
Emphasis on
spiritual and
mental healing,
but without
rejection of
modern medicine.
Worship services;
Writings of
Quimby (such as
the The Quimby
Manuscripts) and
other New
Thought authors
Abstinence from
alcohol, tobacco,
coffee and tea;
baptism for thedead; eternal
marriage; temple
garments under
daily clothes;
Prayer five times a
day. Work for the
equality of the
African race.
Respect laws of
the land, don't
carry arms, don't
Qur'an and
"Scriptures of all
the Prophets of
God" are holy
texts. Influential
writings include
Elijah
Christian
Bible, Book of
Mormon , Doctrine
and Covenants ,andPearl of Great
Price
divination, human
sacrifice, elaborate
burial for royalty,
worship in stone
pyramid-temples
and Paris
codices;Books of
Chilam
Balam ; Popol
Vuh ;The Ritual of
the Bacabs
http://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/practices.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/practices.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/rastafari/rastafari_practices.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/rastafari/rastafari_practices.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/satanism/satanic_bible.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/satanism/satanic_bible.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/rastafari/rastafari_practices.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/rastafari/rastafari_practices.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/practices.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/mormonism/practices.htm -
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Scientolo Scientolo
books s mbols
Practices Texts
Sikhism Sikhism
thin s holida s
Taoism Taoism
timeline textsThe Divine
Principle (1954) by
Rev. Moon.
Blessing
Ceremony
Ethical and
philosophical
training, self-
reflection, careful
judgment and
inner calm.
Fragments of
founders plus later
writers like
Seneca, Epictetus,
Marcus Aurelius.
Tao Te Ching,
Chuang-Tzu
General attitude of
detachment andnon-struggle, "go
with the flow" of
the Tao. Tai-chi,
acupuncture, and
alchemy to help
Prayer and
meditation on
God's name,
services at temple
(gurdwara),
turban and five
Ks. Balance work,
worship, and
charity. No
monasticism or
Adi Granth (Sri
Guru Granth
Sahib)
Sunday services.
Seances and other
No authoritative
texts. Doctrine
Worship and
offerings to kami
at shrines and at
home. Purification
rituals.
Important texts
areKojikior
'Records of
Ancient Matters'
andNihon-gior
'Chronicles of
Japan'
Sabbath
observance on
Saturdays;
healthful lifestyle;baptism by
immersion
Christian Bible;
later prophets like
Ellen White are
inspired andauthoritative when
tested against
Scriptures
.
education and
drug recovery
programs.
http://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/books.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/symbols.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/books.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/symbols.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/things.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/holidays.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/things.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/holidays.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/texts.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/taoism/timeline.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/holidays.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/things.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/holidays.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/sikhism/things.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/symbols.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/books.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/symbols.htmhttp://www.religionfacts.com/scientology/books.htm -
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TextsPractices
Prayer, casting a
circle, Drawing
Down the Moon,
reciting spells,
dancing, singing,
sharing cakes and
wine or beer
No sacred text;
foundational texts
include The Witch
Cult in Western
Europe and The
God of the
Witches
Good deeds,
charity, equality,
hard work.
Zend Avesta
Ceremonies for
marriages,
funerals, etc.
Church services
have elements
from various
religions.
Many sacred texts
are revered by
various members;
some none at all.
The Bible is the
most commonly
used text.
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5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
15/16
Freuds structural model of the psyche should be understood as (i) _________ device, usefu
guiding discovery, rather than as an attempt to (ii) _________ physical relationships among
brain.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
a heuristic dictate
a hermeneutic amelioratean allegorical represent
-
5/21/2018 contains difficult GRE question
16/16
l for inciting and
parts of the human