Important Organic Compounds

CARBOHYDRATES•Contain carbon C, H and O

• Include sugars and starches

CARBOHYDRATES•Classified according to size

• Monosaccharides—simple sugars (contain 3-7 carbon atoms)

• Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis

• Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars

Monosaccharides

• Simple sugars• Single chain/single rings structure

• Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

Disaccharides

• Double sugars• Formed by Dehydration Synthesis

Forming Disaccharides• Glucose and Fructose are joined involving the removal of

water molecule

• Dehydration Synthesis• THIS IS HOW CARBOHYDRATES ARE BUILT UP

FROM THEIR BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS!

Back to Monosaccharides

• Sucrose is broken down to simple sugar units when the reaction is reversed – water molecule added

• Hydrolysis

CARBOHYDRATES

LIPIDS• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• Insoluble in water

LIPIDS•Neutral fats (triglycerides)

• Found in fat deposits• Source of stored

energy

LIPIDS•Phospholipids• Form cell membranes

LIPIDS•Phospholipids• Form cell membranes

LIPIDS•Steroids• Include

cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, and some hormones

LIPIDS• Cholesterol

• The basis for all steroids made in the body

PROTEINS• Account for over half of the

body’s organic matter

• Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

PROTEINS• Fibrous proteins

• Also known as structural proteins

• Appear in body structures

• Examples: collagen and keratin

• Stable

PROTEINS• Globular proteins

• Also known as functional proteins

• Function as antibodies or enzymes

• Can be denatured

ENZYMES

• DEMO

ENZYMES

• Functional Proteins

• Act as biological catalysts

• Increase the rate of chemical reactions

• WITHOUT BECOMING PART OF THE PRODUCT OR BEING CHANGED ITSELF!

• So what does this mean?

ENZYMES: Think Lock and Key

ENZYMES

ENZYMES• VERY specific function

• Enzymes can be recognized by the suffix –ase

ENZYMES

NUCLEIC ACIDS• Provide blueprint of life

• Nucleotide bases• A = Adenine• G = Guanine• C = Cytosine• T = Thymine• U = Uracil (RNA)

• Make DNA and RNA

NUCLEIC ACIDS• Deoxyribonucleic acid

(DNA)

• Complimentary bases form double helix

• Replicates before cell division

• Provides instructions for every protein in the body