Constructive Approach to Fundamental ScienceSelective WritingsSimon Y. Berkovich and Hanan M. Al Shargi

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A CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO

FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE:

SELECTIVE WRITINGS

by Simon Y. Berkovich and Hanan M. Al Shargi

Department of Computer Science,Th e George Washington University

Copyright © 2010 by Simon Y. Berkovich and Hanan M. Al Shargi. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfi lming, and recording, or in any information retrieval system without the written permission of University Readers, Inc.

First published in the United States of America in 2010 by University Readers, Inc.

Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe.

14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN: 978-1-935551-40-9

PREFACE

I. THE “DIGITAL LIFE” OF THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE

Ultimate Irreversibility in the Universe: Continuous Holographic Recording of Every Event and Biological Memory as a Part of It

By Simon Y. Berkovich

II. BIOMOLECULES AND EPIGENETICS

Investigation of Statistical Characteristics of Biomolecules in View of Current Epigenetic Developments

By Hanan M. Al Shargi

III. WORKINGS OF NON-LOCALITY

1. Operational Mechanism Featuring Gravity Amplifi cation By Simon Y. Berkovich

2. Rationalization of Quantum Mechanics with Interactive Holography By Simon Y. Berkovich

IV. LARGE-SCALE KINEMATICS

1. An Eccentric View on the Kinematical Scheme of the Big Bang and the Absolute Impression of the Cosmic Background Radiation

By Simon Y. Berkovich and Jean Favre

2. On the Kinematical Scheme of Alternative Milne’s Cosmology: An Architecture of Galaxy Distribution and Generation of Gamma-Ray Bursts in Annihilation Clashes Between Successive Big Bangs

By Simon Y. Berkovich

CONTENTS

PREFACE • 1

“It is not labor, not capital, not land, that has created modern wealth or is creating it today. It is ideas that create wealth … One single idea may have greater value than all the labor of all the men, animals, and engines for a century.”

—Harrington EmersonTh e twelve principles of effi ciency

Simon Y. Berkovich and Hanan M. Al Shargi

A nalytic approach leads to what A. Einstein called “principle-theories” identify-ing the theory of relativity as an emblematic example [1]. Most theories, however, are constructive employing the synthetic method. “Th e advantages of the constructive

theory are completeness, adaptability and cleverness, those of the principle theory are logical perfection and security of the foundations”[1]. Principle-theories generate deductive truths, like mathematical theorems, whose validity depend on by the soundness of the postulated foundations. Constructive theories use a diff erent methodology such as that of engineering design creating models in accordance with the given specifi cations.

Th is book presents a collection of articles on a constructive theory of the physical Universe based on a cellular automaton model named CAETERIS (Cellular Automaton ETh ER InfraStructure). In this model [2], the whole richness of the physical world condenses in a plain sentence: “All physical phenomena are diff erent aspects of the high-level description of distributed processes of mutual synchronization in a network of digital clocks”.

It has been shown that the spectrum of the “excitons” of the suggested cellular automaton mechanism corresponds exactly to the spectrum of stable elementary particles of matter. In various ways, this issue is repeatedly referred to in the presented works, particularly, in the Appendix to Part Th ree, Article 3. No other stable elementary particles are possible in this model, so, markedly; there is no “dark matter”.

Starting from microphysics, the suggested cellular automaton mechanism has been applied to various aspects of fundamental science (see fi gure below). Th e book comprises a collection of separate manuscripts elaborating these applications. Th e manuscripts are presented in the original form, they have not been edited to reduce repetitions.

Th e CAETERIS model reaches beyond a straight representation of the elementary mate-rial constituents. It also produces a holographic construction for the control of the physical world. Th e holographic informational infrastructure underlying the material activities plays

PREFACE

2 • CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE

a decisive role in the organization of Life in the Universe. Th e monumental consequence of this holographic infrastructure is that it provides an eff ective resolution to the most intractable problem of science – organization of human memory [3].

Parts One and Two consider the pivotal process of total continuous holographic recording. Part One shows how this leads to the ultimate irreversibility of the Universe; Part Two em-phasizes its signifi cance for the epigenetic mechanism of Life. Parts Th ree and Four concern to vital issues of small and large-scale physics; the obtained outcomes are in a sharp confl ict with modern cosmology. Th e major achievement of our work is that it provides a unique explana-tion to the extraordinary property of the Universe’s non-locality. No other mechanism for the Universe’s non-locality has been identifi ed. A crucial challenge to our concept of non-locality would be the long awaited discovery of gravitational waves. Presence of gravitational waves wipes out the possibility of our holographic mechanism and would completely undermine our model of the Universe. So far, no hints of gravitational waves have been found. Further attempts – Advanced LIGO – are underway; it is declared that by the year 2014: “…either they’ll see a signal or Einstein’s general theory of relatively will be wrong,”

Th e traditional way of thinking is unable to accommodate non-locality into the picture of the physical world. Scientifi c explorations rely on certain “quite natural and necessary” hypotheses, “and “it is diffi cult not to suppose that the infl uence of very distant bodies is quite negligible” [4].

In our model the incomprehensible fact of the Universe’s non-locality appears as a sensible operational mechanism creating a holographic informational infrastructure.

PREFACE • 3

Th e essential role of this mechanism is that it handles the biological complexity, and thus constitutes the basis for the phenomenon of Life.

Experimental testing of this hypothetical machinery is discussed through the whole book. Some practical portions of this work had been presented recently at the 2009 DuPont Summit “Th e new administration’s challenges on science & technology policy: staying the course in times of crisis”. It is extremely interesting to consider latest fi ndings of the sophisticated function-ing of the ATP molecules [5]. It turns out that besides its traditionally perceived role as an accumulator of energy, ATP also serves as neurotransmitter, and thus combines sensor and actuator facilities; such a combination may be a crucial factor to uphold biological complexity. From the standpoint of medicine, this may open ways for eff ective realization of epigenetics prospects. From the standpoint of the search for unconventional sources of energy, this may elucidate a new approach to the construction of the “artifi cial” muscle.

REFERENCES

1. Albert. Einstein, “What is the Th eory of Relativity?”, in the Collection of Papers: “Out of my Later Years”, pp. 54–58a, Th e Citadel Press, Secaucus, New Jersey, 1956.

2. Simon Berkovich, “Spacetime and matter in cellular automaton framework”, Nuclear Physics

B, 6, 452–54, 19893. Simon Berkovich, “On the information processing capabilities of the brain: shifting the para-

digm”, Nanobiology, 2, pp. 99–107, 1993. 4. Henry Poincaré, “Science and Hypothesis”, Dover Publications, Inc. New York, 1952 5. Baljit S. Khakh and Geoff rey Burnstock, “Th e Double Life of ATP”, Scientifi c American,

Volume 301, Number 6, pp. 84–90, December 2009

1THE “DIGITAL LIFE” OF

THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE ULTIMATE IRREVERSIBILITY: THE CONTINUOUS HOLOGRAPHIC

RECORDING PARADIGM

Ultimate Irreversibility in the Universe: Continuous Holographic Recording of Every Event and Biological Memory as a Part of It

By Simon Y. Berkovich

Abstract 71. Introduction Questions 92. Th e Holographic Paradigm 13

2.1 Storing information with holographic principles 2.2. Th e Brain and Cosmos as Holograms 2.3. Th e Algorithmic View on Nature 2.4 Towards Th e Information Dominant Universe

2.4.1 Th e Operational Framework of Non-locality 2.4.2 Th e Cosmic Microwave Background as a Token of Information

Milieu 2.4.3 Time Arrows and Total Fixation of Information 2.4.4 Th e “Digital Life” of the Physical Universe

2.5 Experimental Testing of the Informational Infrastructure of the Material World

3. Human Memory in the Holographic Framework of the Universe 33 3.1 Th e Essentials of the Brain Architecture 3.2 Technical Details

3.2.1 Facing the Problems 3.2.2 Shared Information Access 3.2.3 “Hot spot” in Wireless Connection 3.2.4 Th e Pivot of Eccentricity in the Addressing Scheme 3.2.5 Formatting the Stored Data Items

3.3 Interactions of Material and Information Activities4. Realization of the Functionality of the Brain with Digital Holography 435. Concluding Remarks 456. References 477. Figures and Illustrations 51

THE “DIGITAL LIFE” OF THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE • 7

ABSTRACT

“To my mind there must be, at the bottom of it all, not an equation, but an utterly simple idea. And to me that idea, when we fi nally discover it, will be so compelling, so inevitable, that we will say to one another: ‘Oh, how beautiful. How could it have been otherwise?’”

—John Archibald Wheeler

ULTIMATE IRREVERSIBILITY IN THE UNIVERSE:

CONTINUOUS HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING OF EVERY EVENT AND

BIOLOGICAL MEMORY AS A PART OF IT

Simon Y. Berkovich

Th e idea behind the suggested Universe construction is that every event is recorded in a holographic manner. “Th e information wondering back and forth inside is devoid of meaning until it is captured by an irreversible process” (John Wheeler). Th is ut-terly simple idea does not come from an equation; it resembles the Microsoft project “Digital Life” obviating complexity through immensity. Th e developed model in-vokes extraordinary technical solutions and runs into a sharp irreconcilable confl ict with modern cosmology. Anyhow, the baffl ing confusions of cosmology ought to have a better explanation. Th e process of total continuous holographic recording with feedback impacts elucidates the most profound mystery of Nature—the diff er-ence between the dead and living mater. Under holographic strobing small particles exhibit behavioral traits of quantum mechanics. Large molecules, like DNA, obtain shared access to the informational infrastructure of the material world for biological control. Th e extracorporeal placement of human memory demystifi es the miraculous properties of the mind. Emulation of this scheme with digital holography provides sophisticated pattern recognition facilities. Th e most compelling Experimentum Crucis relates to surmised “wireless” communications in the seeing-with-the-tongue eff ect. Th e basic operational mechanism of the holographic Universe is revealed in the eccentricity of the “axes of evil” in the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation.

Keywords: General cosmology, Th e arrow of time, CMB anisotropy, Holography, Digital Life, Human memory, intelligent information retrieval

8 • CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE

List of Figures and Illustrations

Fig. 1 Th e principle of holography—partial match recall 51Fig. 2 Two types of wave propagation 52Fig. 3 Two global periodic processes in the Universe 52Fig. 4 Timing diagram of synchronization-desynchronization 53Fig. 5 Holographic recording requirement for signal waves stability

at the CMB front 53Fig. 6 Seeing-with-the-tongue 54Fig. 7 Scheme for a localized processing area of the brain 55Fig. 8 Organization of addressing system 56Fig. 9 Th e structure of the digital holography database 56

THE “DIGITAL LIFE” OF THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE • 9

1. INTRODUCTION QUESTIONS

T he paper outlines a model for general construction of the Universe with a simple operational idea that every event is holographically recorded. With this idea it is possible to fulfi ll the condition of the intrinsic irreversibility of physical processes,

which is of fundamental signifi cance for the phenomenon of Life. Th is irreversibility eluci-dates the organization of biological information. Basically, in any general physical theory, the so-called Th eory-Of-Everything (TOE), the problems of biology are ignored. Scientists can shut their eyes on these problems by tacitly assuming that biology is just a formidable complexity piled up on top of wonderful physics. Th is attitude leads nowhere. As said Ludwig Wittgenstein: “Even when all the possible scientifi c questions have been answered, the problems of life remain completely untouched”.

To begin with, we will discuss a number of prime questions pertinent to our undertaking.

(1) What is the major distinction of the presented model?

Steven Weinberg in his book [1] said that problems such as how memories are stored in the brain are not likely to be aff ected by the discovery of the fi nal theory in physics. Does this mean that such a physical theory can neither be fi nal, nor correct?

Human memory is the pivot of the Universe existence, and should not be put aside. Th e organization of human memory is the fi rst thing that the given model entails.

(2) How does the developed concept relate to the existing worldview?

Th e developed concept is absolutely incompatible with modern cosmology. Yet nowadays cosmology is in serious trouble in the absence of a viable alternative. A recent critique [2] tersely points out its apparent inconsistencies, and “ worse still, there is no sign of systematic improvement in the net signifi cance of cosmological theories over time”.

Th e critique of modern cosmology is stockpiling.Th e suggested model naturally produces all seemingly confusing astrophysical eff ects.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

10 • CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE

(3) What is the methodological approach to the proposed construction?

Traditionally, theoretical investigations rely on mathematical tools. In the age of information, mathematical tools are extended to algorithmic constructions, particu-larly, cellular automata and holographic operations. It is very important to note that algorithmic constructions should be treated not merely as mathematical tools, but as actual blueprints for engineering design.

Th is methodology brings operational explanations beyond plain descriptions.

(4) How is it possible to encompass the unimaginable complexity of the Universe?

Facing a complex system one hardly can say anything perspicuous, besides that it is complex. It is necessary to clearly distinguish between complexity and immensity. Algorithmic constructions can always achieve straightforward simplicity through brute force. Engineering implementation has to fi nd something more elegant.

Th e machinery of the Universe is immense, but simple, eff ective, and robust.

(5) Are there any new physical phenomena that the suggested model foretells?

About 50 years ago P.L.Kapitsa said [3]: “… I think that one of the main properties of the living matter—to reproduce itself—may appear as a result of some forces of Nature, which are yet unknown and unexplainable by identifi ed laws of interactions between elementary particles. We do not have any data to disallow suffi ciently long sequences of atoms with certain rules of arrangement to attain a new property cor-responding to the property of self-reproduction in living matter. In singular atoms and simple molecules this property may go unnoticeable.”

Th e presented model asserts that small and large molecules indeed exhibit diff er-ent behavioral features: while the former stay on quantum peculiarities, the latter acquire new capabilities for information exchange with biological implications.

Th is property of large molecules is the key to the phenomenon of Life.

(6) How to prove that the found idea is correct?

Our model has predicted the anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background, the so-called “axis of evil”, several years before it was discovered [4]. Th e holographic mechanism of the Universe cannot be operational without this anisotropy. As an

THE “DIGITAL LIFE” OF THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE • 11

Experimentum Crucis, the paper puts forward the seeing-with-the-tongue eff ect [5]. Th e anticipated result—sustaining the outcome in the case of tissue separa-tion—could be very compelling. As a practical upshot, the suggested architecture of human memory can be implemented by means of digital holography. On one hand, this functionality can be effi cacious for practical Artifi cial Intelligence systems. On the other hand, a success in imitating Artifi cial Intelligence would corroborate the original theoretical assumptions. Numerous theoretical, experimental, and prag-matic aspects related to the introduced paradigm shift have been profusely discussed elsewhere (see [6,7]).

In this paper, we concentrate on the organization of the holographic mechanism of the Universe. It is unusual for theoretical physics to present the laws of Nature not by an equation but through informational constructions. Th is requires a diff erent method for thinking, a dif-ferent style for description, and a diff erent way for determination. But Th eory-Of-Everything must include biology. So, we just can repeat the question by John Wheeler in the epigraph: “How could it have been otherwise?”

Th e next Section characterizes the signifi cance of holographic principles for fundamental science and introduces the suggested paradigm of Holographic Recording (HR). Section 3 elaborates technical details essential for the implementation of the holographic storage with the available resources of the physical Universe. In Section 4 we describe a digital holography scheme for realization of the surmised functionality of the brain. Th e obtained results are looked over in the conclusion Section 5.