S

Purdue University

Professor Julio Martinez

CE 527-Analytical Methods in Construction Engineering

Term Project

SrinivasaNookala

December 9, 2009

Project Overview and Objective

Data Collection and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

We would like to thank Turner Davis Construction for allowing us full access to the site to observe activities. We would also like to add a special thank you to JR Hudson for his consistent timely help and guidance during the course of the project.

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Improve the fan experience as

well as the environment for

the student athletes

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Expansion requires that subsequent piles

be placed for the new addition’s foundation

Piles are scheduled for placement between

November 15, 2009 and January 1, 2010

The piles placed are 24” and 16” in

diameter, with pile caps consisting of two

or more piles

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Model the piling activity and explore

possible methods to improve the overall

efficiency.

A critical activity preceding the piling

activity was the excavation

Allows for adequate space for equipment

storage and movement

Assures that piling can remain relatively

constant

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Prior to taking observations, the entire

group visited the site to watch the

excavation and piling activities

Activities were identified and defined

set a standard for the beginning and end of each

activity

assured consistency among different group

members

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Excavation Activities Truck arrival time: defined at the time when the truck’s rear

is completely within the site

Backing up: defined as the time it takes for the truck to back

up to the loading zone for loading. Due to the space

constraints, the path for backing up to the loader or exiting

the site from the loader can accommodate one truck at a time

Loading: defined as the time taken to load the truck. This

time is stopped and the exiting site activity begins when the

double horn indicates the truck is at capacity.

Exiting: defined as when the truck clears the path to the

loader, allowing for another truck to begin backing up

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Piling Activities Positioning: defined as the time it takes for the crane to re-

adjust for the pile.

Drilling: defined to start when the auger drill begins

rotating. This activity ends as soon as the drill stops at the

desired depth.

Drill Extraction: defined to begin as soon as the grout pump

is turned on. When the auger drill is completely extracted

and the grout pump is turned off, the activity is assumed to

be over.

Cleaning and Placing Metal Collar: defined by the

excavator and crew. The excavator and crew then clear away

soil and excess grout around the pile before and after placing

the collar.

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Piling Activities Metal Rod Placement: defined as the time it takes for the

crane to place one, reinforcement bar down the center of the

pile.

Steel Cage Placement: defined as the time taken to place the

rebar cage into the pile.

Following this, the Positioning activity begins again.

Grout/Concrete Truck Arrival: defined as the time taken

since the last grout truck arrival. A grout truck is considered

to have “arrived” when in position next to the grout pump.

Grout Truck Admixture Add in: this activity had a 5 minute

duration.

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Other Times

Mobilization: Mobilization occurs for one hour at

the beginning of the shift, from 8 a.m. until 9 a.m.

Changing Auger Sizes (from 16 inches to 24

inches or vice versa): this activity takes 90

minutes. Although this was only viewed once

while on site, in the model, the 90 minute duration

is assumed a defined duration.

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

10 years of data for October and November months (1999-2009)Data from the National Weather Service Archives for

Lafayette, Indiana/Purdue University

Used the historical data to determine the probabilities

Critical precipitation of 0.1 inches is chosen

Probabilities were calculated upon the occurrence of rain each day based on the previous day

Probability if it rained yesterday for it to rain today is 0.304 and for it not to rain is 0.696.

Probability if it did not rain yesterday for it to rain today is 0.164 and 0.836 for it not to rain otherwise

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Today Rain Today Norain

Yesterday Rain 0.304 0.696

Yesterday Norain 0.164 0.836

Critical Precip Lvl 0.10

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

42,000 cubic yards of soil being excavated

1/3 of that soil has be excavated prior to beginning the piling activity

Placing the lagging is independent of excavation The site is next to a relatively busy road

(Northwestern, near the Stadium intersection)

Both piling and excavation stop for 24 hours when it is raining

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Functions on a 24-hour clock

The piling crew is assumed to work the time it

takes to place ten piles with each day beginning

at 8 a.m.

The excavation crew works eight-hour days

If there is rain on any given day, production for

both piling and excavation ceases and the

weather is reevaluated after 24 hours has

passed.

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

PilingRig

1

Drill

DrillDur

1

>0 , 1

ConcrTrk

OrdrConcTrk

0

1

Pass

1

1

>0 , 1

Extract

ExtractDur

>0 , 1

RdyToExtr

1 >0 , 1

CleanAndCol

CandCDur

MetalRod

MRodDur

SteelCage

SCageDur

SchdConcrTrk.CurCount>1?1:0

1

1 1

1

Piles24in

AugerSize.CurCount==1?1:0

Piles16in

AugerSize.CurCount==0?1:0

Setup

60

>0 , 1

PileQty

>0 , 1

PlQty

CTrkArvl

CTrkIntArrvl

1

SchdConcrTrk

1

RdyToRepos

Reposition

ReposDur

>0 , 1

1

>0 , 1

SchdConcrTrk

>0 , 1

Switch

>0 , 1

==0 , 0

1

>=0 , 1

MixAdmix

5

1

TotalPiles

1

StartPiling

1

RdyToLd

BackUp

BackUpDur

ExcvtrRdy

1

1 >0 , 1

LoadTrk

LoadDur

>0 , 1

TrkUndrExcvtr

1

1 >0 , 0

1

Soil

42000

>0 , 20

RdyToHaul

10

TrkExit

ExitDur

>0 , 1

>0 , 1

TrkArrival

TrkIntArrvl

ExcavPass

1

1>0 , 1

Permit

1

>0 , 1

==0 , 0

Hauls

1

>0 , 0

TimeCheck

TrkArrival.Duration

<QuitTime , 0

1

==SixteenIN , 0

10

SwtchAuger24in

90

AugerSize

1

1

AugSwtchCntr

1

>0 , 1

10

SwtchAuger16in

90==TwentyfourIN , 0

>0 , 1 >0 , 1

1

>0 , 1

1

>0 , 1

PileQuad

1

==SixteenIN , Piles16in.CurCount

==TwentyfourIN , Piles24in.CurCount

10

PileQuadCntr

0 1

1

Piles24in

Piles16in

AugSwtchCntr

1

Piles24in

Piles16in

RdyToRepos

>0 , 0

PP

0

PileQuad

1

<ExcavQuad , 0

>=0 , 1

PilingPermit

==28000 , 0

QueName1

1

1 >0 , 1

Soil

42000

PP

0

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Day

24*60

EvaluateCond

1

Count

1

1

>0 , 1

NumOfDays

1

Rain

RainYorN

0

>0 , 1

P:Rain.CurCount==0?0.836:0.696

P:Rain.CurCount==0?0.164:0.304

1

TodayRain

TodayNorain

RainControl1

0

>=0 , 1

>=0 , 1

>0 , 1

RainControl2

>0 , 1

1

StartPiling

1

1

TotalPiles

<153 , 0

>=0 , TimeCheck.CurCount

TimeCheck

>=0 , 1

Critical Issues

Initial rate of piling > rate of excavation, due to:

Lagging ( prevent caving in of soil adjacent to highway)

Completion of entrance gates before basketball season

Lack of Ramp space

Phase I and Phase II process of excavating

Number of piles/day

Based on value judgment

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Rain distribution and weather assumptions

Time of construction ( 8hr day)

Phases of construction in line with the actual progress on the site

All assumptions validated

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Multiplied the grout/concrete truck arrival by 0.75

Varied the Soil Quantities

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Soil Quantity Total Duration Piling Duration

28000 33.30 23.19

25000 33.30 21.13

23000 34.45 20.94

21000 35.95 20.92

19000 37.35 21.01

18660 37.54 20.90

18000 38.01 20.76

17000 38.89 20.97

16000 39.49 20.96

14000 41.00 21.18

12000 42.36 21.22

10000 43.85 20.93

8000 45.33 21.18

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Original Proposed

Run Duration Run Duration Duration StDev C.I. (95%) Range Min Mean Range Max By Duration

1 31 1 23 7.8 - - - - - Proposed

2 21 2 20 1.1 4.7 6.6 -2.1 4.4 11.0 Proposed

3 29 3 25 4.2 3.4 3.8 0.5 4.3 8.1 Proposed

4 25 4 19 5.8 2.8 2.8 1.9 4.7 7.5 Proposed

5 20 5 18 2.2 2.7 2.4 1.8 4.2 6.6 Proposed

6 20 6 22 -2.2 3.5 2.8 0.3 3.1 6.0 Original

7 22 7 20 2.4 3.3 2.4 0.6 3.0 5.4 Proposed

8 22 8 19 3.1 3.0 2.1 1.0 3.0 5.1 Proposed

9 20 9 18 2.1 2.8 1.9 1.1 2.9 4.8 Proposed

10 23 10 22 0.8 2.8 1.7 1.0 2.7 4.4 Proposed

11 21 11 20 1.2 2.7 1.6 1.0 2.6 4.2 Proposed

12 31 12 20 11.1 3.5 2.0 1.3 3.3 5.3 Proposed

13 23 13 21 2.1 3.4 1.8 1.4 3.2 5.1 Proposed

14 22 14 20 1.9 3.3 1.7 1.4 3.1 4.8 Proposed

15 20 15 19 1.2 3.2 1.6 1.4 3.0 4.6 Proposed

16 25 16 17 7.9 3.3 1.6 1.7 3.3 4.9 Proposed

17 23 17 20 2.8 3.2 1.5 1.7 3.3 4.8 Proposed

18 18 18 20 -1.8 3.4 1.5 1.4 3.0 4.5 Original

19 23 19 23 0.3 3.3 1.5 1.4 2.8 4.3 Proposed

20 20 20 20 0.4 3.3 1.4 1.3 2.7 4.2 Proposed

Duration Difference

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

Project Overview

and Objective

Data Collection

and Analysis

Weather

Assumptions

Model

Proposed Model

Results

Questions

RunsTruck

BackingupTruck Exit Runs Drilling Extracting

Cleaning &

CollarMetal Rod

Mean %Change 0.0085% 0.0023% Mean %Change 0.0026% -0.0091% -0.0084% -0.0003%

StDev %Change 0.0467% 0.0141% StDev %Change 0.0027% 0.0028% 0.0052% 0.0011%

Introduction

Critical Success

Factors

Infrastructure

Finance

Characteristics

Risk Management

Case Studies

Global View

Further Research

Conclusions