constitutionalism - gov. is limited by laws; rulers must obey such laws england glorious...
TRANSCRIPT
THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION(1789 -1799)
Constitutionalism - Gov. is limited by laws; rulers must obey
such laws England
Glorious Revolution (1688)Created a constitutional monarchy
American RevolutionIndependence (1776) + Constitution (1789)
Ideas of Equality, Liberty, and Democracy
The Ingredients Financial Crisis
Unfit King (and Queen)
Estates General
National Assembly
Financial Crisis King Louis XVI takes throne (1774)
Seven Years War and American Revolution
Famine rise in bread prices widespread hunger and malnutrition among poor
Regressive taxes- tax burden is placed heavily on the poor
An Unsuitable Monarch
An Unsuitable Monarch Austrian Archduchess
15 yrs old when married to Louis XVI
Excessive, extravagant lifestyle“Madame Deficit”
Low popularity
Often interfered in politics
An Unsuitable Monarch Took the throne at age 19
Young and smart
Very indecisiveWeak against opposition
High popularity
Marriage troublesFelt she was using him for
power
Estates General (May 1789)
King Louis wanted to tax the nobility to get the country out of debt
Clergy: (1st Estate)Never pay taxes
Nobility: (2nd Estate)Royalty wealthy
The Populous:
(3rd Estate) A wide range of
people/wealth 1)Bourgeoisie
Wage earning middle class/wealthy
2)ProletariansPeasants
Estates GeneralComposition (Population of
France)
1st Estate = 1-2%
2nd Estate = 3-5%
3rd Estate = 93-96%
Political Cartoon Analysis
Simulation Activity
Simulation Once assigned a role, please read your
role card. Then, Whitney will tell you where you will move.
For the 3rd Estate:You will need a sheet of money to begin
cutting out with scissors. Once you have completed cut the sheet, RECYCLE your scraps, and grab another money sheet.
Estates General
How it Worked:Each estate receives one voteTwo votes can override the third
What do you think the result of this Estates General will be?
Nothing is Decided
Simulation Debrief
What estate were you a part of? Describe your role.
How did you view the other two estates?
Describes your emotions throughout the activity.
What do you think was the biggest issue that surface for the 3rd Estate during this time period?
Did you enjoy this type of activity?
National Assembly (June 1789)
Called by 3rd Estate1st and 2nd are no
showsLouis had the
doors locked Tennis Court Oath
“not to separate until a CONSTITUTION is to be established”
Tension and Turmoil
Tensions rise and violence begins King, Queen, Government, and nobles
flee to Paris (becomes new capital) Peasants armed with pitch forks, knives,
axes, torches Storm the Bastille (Jul 1789)
What is so important about the Bastille?
Based on what you have learned about Enlightenment ideas about government…
Do you think these radicals have the right to overthrow their government if they are not satisfied?
Reforms in France Legislative Assembly – power to create laws, but King
still had executive powerLimits the Monarch-->checks and balances (Montesquieu)
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen“men are born and remain free and equal in rights”Liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression
Sound familiar?
The Execution
'I die innocent of all the crimes laid to my charge; I Pardon those who have occasioned my death; and I pray to God that the blood you are going to shed may never be visited on France.'
Tried for treason Close vote, but
found guilty Jan. 21, 1793 King Louis XVI =
beheaded
King Louis XVI (Jan. 1793)
Marie Antoinette (Oct. 1793)
Violence Continues
Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria and PrussiaJoined by Britain,
Holland, and Spain Jacobin political party
takes powerMaximilien
Robespierre Reign of Terror
(1793)
Reign of Terror
Accusations “tried in the morning,
guillotined in the afternoon”
40,000 executed End of Terror
Execution of Robespierre
Terror within France National Convention
turned on Robespierre He was arrested
and executed
New gov. established (3rd between 1789-1795)
Napoleon Bonaparte called to command French army
Critical Questions
#1) Does the Reign of Terror reflect what the French Revolution was all about?
Why or why not?
#2) Analyze how the financial crisis in France led to revolution. Provide evidence from the lesson to support your analysis.