consonants of english
TRANSCRIPT
Universty of Duhok Science & Education - Akre English Department Phonetic The Consonants of English Produced by: Mosa H. Mosa Teacher: Saeed A. Attieh
The Consonants of
English
1- Friction Consonants
2- Stope Consonants
3- Nasal Consonants
4- Lateral Consonants
5- Gliding Consonants
Friction Consonants . There are nine consonants in friction they are: / f,v,ᦲ,ð,s,z,∫,Ʒ,h / .. We have voiceless & Voiced Suonds.Voiceless Voiced
It is strog It is weakIt is long It is short
It hasn’t Vibration It has Vibration
Voiceless & Voiced Suonds
In Friction Consonents
Voiceless Voiced/ f / / v // θ / / ð // s / / z // ∫ / / Ʒ //h/
/ f ,v / Suonds
* The soft plate is raised.
* The bottom lip is very close to the upper front teeth.
* The tongue is not directly concerned in making these sounds.
Notice* When /f/ and /v/ occur at the end of words, after a vawel, they have an effect on the length of the vowel. ( The strong consonant /f/ makes the vowel shorter, the weak consonant /v/ makes the vowel longer ). And for /θ,ð,s,z/
Some Example: life /laIf/ live /laIv/ calf /kɑ:f/ carve /kɑ:v/
/θ/, /ð/ Sounds
* The soft plate is raised so that all the breath is forced to go through the mouth.
* The tip of the tangue is close to the upper front teeth.
Notice* Between vowels /ð/ is voiced, but in initial it will be fully voiced.
Example:
Between vowels: worthy /wз:ðI/ VoicedIn Initially: that /ðæt/ Fully Voiced
/s/,/z/ Sounds* The soft plate is raised so that all the breath is forced to go through the mouth.
* The tip and blade of the tangue are very close to the alveolar ridge.
* The friction for these sounds, especially for /s/, is much greater than for /f,v,θ/ and /ð/.
Notice* /s/ and /z/ sounds is noisy, /θ/and /ð/ is less noisy.
Example: south /saʊθ/ this /ðIs/ these / ði:z/ those /ðǝʊz/
The difference
between /θ,ð/ and /s,z/ in produce
/ʃ/ , /Ʒ/ Sounds
* The soft plate is raised so that all the breath is forced to go through the mouth.
* There is a narrowing between the tip of the tangue and the back of the alveolar ridge.
* The lips are very slightly rounded.
* The front of the tangue is higher than for /s/,/z/
Notice* /Ʒ/ doesn’t occur at the beginning of English words, But /ʃ / quite frequently does.
Example:
she /ʃi:/ show /ʃǝʊ/ short /ʃͻ:t/ shut /ʃʌt/
/h/ Sound
- In production, /h/ is like vowels. Such as ( hot,hat,hit )
- In distribution, /h/is a consonants . Such as ( sat,hat )
- we don’t use speech organs for /h/ sound.
Stope Consonants
. There are eight consonants in stope consonants, they are : /p,b/ , /t,d/ , /k,g/ and /ʧ,ʤ/ .
- Between thes sounds we have Voiceless and voiced sounds .
* /p,t,k/sounds they have explosion .
Voiceless voiced /p/ /b//t/ /d//k/ /g//ʧ/ /ʤ/
/p/ , /b/ Sounds
Notice* When /p/ occur in initially and if we have vowel after /p/, It will be aspiration But if /p/ occurs between vowels the aspiration may be less noticeable or even absent, And for /t,k/ is same.
Aspiration: short period after the explosion of/p,t,k/ when air leaves the mouth without voice. Example: - In initially: pool /u:l/ - Between vowels: happy /hæpI/
/t/ , /d/ Sounds
Notice* When /t/ occur in initially and if we have vowel after /t/, It will be aspiration But if /t/ occurs between vowels the aspiration may be weaker or even absent.
Example:
- In initially: ton /ʌn/ - Between vowels: putting /pʊtIŋ/
/k/ , /g/ Sounds * The back of the tangue is in firm contact with the soft palate, and the soft palate is raised, so that the breath is trapped for a short time.
Notice* When /k/ occur in initially and if we have vowel after /k/, It will be aspiration But if /k/ occurs between vowels the aspiration may be weaker or even absent.
Example:
- In initially: cool /u:l/ - Between vowels: lacking /lækIŋ/
/ʧ/ , /ʤ/ Sounds
Notices about stope consonants
/p/ is aspirated and shortens the vowel before it, whilst /b/ is particularly weak and only very little noise, but lenghens the vowel before it. Example: cap /kæp/ cab /kæb//t/ is aspirated and shortens the vowel before it, whilst /d/ is particularly weak and only very little noise, but lenghens the vowel before it. Example: heart /hɑ:t/ hard /hɑ:d//k/ is aspirated and shortens the vowel before it, but /g/ is very gentle weak lenghens the vowel before it. Example: back /bæk/ bag /bæg//ʧ/ is strong and voiceless, and it shortens the vowel before it, but /ʤ/ is very weak and short, and it lenghens the vowel before it. Example: rich /rIʧ/ ridge /rIʤ/
the difference between
friction and stope consonants
Friction consonants
Stope consonants
In friction consonants the air continues following to the outside .
In stope consonants the air is stopped at some point in the mouth .
Nasal Consonants
. There are three consonants in nasal consonants they are : /m,n,ŋ/
- /m,n,ŋ/ all of them is voiced.
* /n/ sound It has syllabic. Example: person /pз:sṇ/
/m/,/n/,/ŋ/
Lateral Consonants. There are one consonants it is : / l/
* The air passes through the sides of the tangue.
* The soft palate is raised.
* The sound is voiced.
Notice* We have two difference pronunciation for /l/ sound in Received pronunciation ( B.B.C ) .
/l/ sound
ClearDark
/l/ Sound
1- Dark:
* /l/ + Consonants = Dark e.g : milk /mIlk/* /l/ in finally is dark e.g : full /fʊl/
2- Clear:
* /l/ + Vowel = Clear e.g : leaf /li:f/
Gliding Consonants. There are three consonants it is : /j,w,r/ and they are voiced .
* In production /j,w,r/ is semi vowel.
Exampel: Yes /jes/
* /j/ doesn’t come finally
/jes/
/j/= short/I//j/= longe /i:/
Notice * /r/ sound in Received pronunciation ( B.B.C ) , it is produced only befory vowels. Exampel: marry /mærI/ , raw /rͻ:/
* In finally it is produced, if we have after /r/
word and the first letter of the word is vowel, if we haven’t vowel isn’t produced.Exampel: better of /betǝr ɒf/ letter /betǝ/
* /r/ after /p,t,k/ it will be voiceless.Exampel: pray /preɪ/
The End
Produced by
Mosa Hussein Mosa
Sources: Internet & Better English Pronunciation
Facebook.com/mosakhurty Twitter.com/mosakurdish
instagram.com/mosa_mzoory
Thanks