conservation of plant biodiversity for sustainable diets...kate gold, royal botanic gardens, kew, uk...
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Conservation of plant biodiversityfor sustainable diets
Kate Gold, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UKRory McBurney, University of Kent at Canterbury, Kent, UK
Bioversity Sub-Saharan AfricaMonica Ouma, TATRO Women’s Group, Yala, Siaya Province, Kenya
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Importance of Agricultural Biodiversity
Dimensions ofAgriculturalBiodiversity
• Genetic resources for foodand agriculture: including…wild plants harvested and managed for food…
• Components of biodiversitythat support ecosystemservices
• Abiotic factors• Socio-economic and cultural
dimensions includes…traditional and local knowledge of agricultural biodiversity…
CBD decision V/5
• the source of all our food, and dietary diversity
• mostly held and managed by farmers
• under threat from changes in land use, over harvesting, climate change, “westernization” of diets, loss of local knowledge…
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The importance of dietary diversity
• Ensures dietary adequacy
• Increases food security
• Reduces the intake of toxicants
• Protects against chronic diseases
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TATRO Women’s Group Case Study• 3 species recently lost from
their food system• Aframomum angustifolium K.
Schum.• Tristemma mauritianum
J.F.Gmel.• Rubus apetalus Poir.
• An additional 50 species and their use were only known by the oldest members of the group
• TATRO have implemented a seed and knowledge conservation program
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Protecting food plant biodiversity• “counter the loss of diversity in human diets, and in
ecosystems, by conserving and promoting …biodiversity for food and nutrition” (cross-cutting initiative, operational objective 3)
• insurance policy• Readily available source of material for research,
re-introduction…
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The Millennium Seed Bank
The largest wild plant seed bank in the world
• 120 partners/ collaborators in >50countries;• 28,000 species duplicated in the MSB;• Up to 3,318 species with food use;• >5200 seed collections distributed for research
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Enabling use
Turning seeds into plants: the development of germination protocols
• >14,000 germination tests carried out each year. For most species the methods are new.
• All germination protocols available on Kew’s website
http://www.kew.org./data/sid
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Enabling use
Project MGU - the Useful Plants Project• Working with 12 communities in 5 countries to provide seeds, plants and propagation protocols. • Participatingcommunities in Tharaka, Kenya have prioritised 76 food plants.
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Enabling Use
Improving the identification, handling and storage of ‘difficult’ seeds
• Regional training workshops in seed handling and conservation• Dissemination of seed biology information on 160 food species with ‘difficult’ seeds.
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Biocultural Evolution of Food
Adaptation Codes
Plants
People
DNA
Tradition
States
Past Present Result
Strategies
Physiology
Behaviour
Phyto- chemistry
Nutrition eaten
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Maize
The biocultural disadvantage with maize in Africa
The biocultural advantage in Mexico
↑ pH, CaCO3MgCO3, H20
↓ pellagra↓ anaemia↑ Q protein
Maize↑ Niacin↓ Phytate↑ Protein
H20 → pellagra→ anaemia→ Q protein
Maize→ Niacin→ Phytate→ Protein
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Conclusions
• Agricultural Biodiversity is essential for dietary diversity
• They are both being lost
• Seed banking can complement community based efforts
• Traditional Knowledge plays a vital role