consciousness unit 2 b
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Consciousness Unit 2 B . Objective 1: What do we mean by consciousness & how does selective attention direct our perception?. Consciousness: our awareness of ourselves and our environment. Cognitive neuroscience: studies the connections between brain activity & mental processes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ConsciousnessUnit 2 B
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Consciousness: ◦our awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
Cognitive neuroscience:◦studies the connections between brain
activity & mental processes
Objective 1: What do we mean by consciousness & how does selective attention direct our perception?
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Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
What happens to our attention when on the phone?
Selective Attention
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Cell phone use and car accidents◦ Slower to detect & respond to traffic signals (28%)
Selective Attention and Accidents
We can only process a tiny sliver of the immense amount of visual stimuli
constantly before us.
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Who Dunnit?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubNF9QNEQLA
How many changes can you
detect? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo
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Inattentional blindness◦failing to see visible objects when our
attention is directed elsewhere
Selective Attention
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Selective Attention
Change blindness◦A failure to notice a difference in what is there now vs. what was there a moment ago.
Simon’s Labhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkrrVozZR2c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0W60BX_6wA
BG: Pay Attention 6 min
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Objective 2: What is the circadian rhythm & what are
the stages of our sleep cycle?
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#s1, 2, 10,18 – use number below where you checked time.
Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire
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Objective 2Sleep stages…
◦Awake Alpha waves
Awake but relaxed◦Stage 1
Transition 1-7 minutes Light sleep Hypnagogic sensations Easy to awaken Aroused from stage 1 report they were awake
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Sleep Stages
Stage 2◦ Onset of true sleep◦ Sleep spindles
High frequency bursts of brain activity
◦ Muscle tension, heart rate, respiration, temp start to decline
◦ Some delta wavesStage 3
◦ Continue to show more delta waves
Stage 4 Delta waves
◦ REM sleep
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Stage 4◦ Delta sleep◦ High amplitude very low frequency (delta)◦ Deepest stage of sleep; most difficult to wake◦ Sleepwalking & talking present◦ Night terrors in children◦ If awaken, don’t remember
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Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
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Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
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Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
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Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
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Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
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Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages
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REM Dreams = 20% of sleep time Eyes move rapidly back & forth Paradoxical sleep
◦ Brain active body not Heart rate & blood pressure increase Lose muscle tension & movement
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Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
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Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
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Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
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Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
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Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep
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Why Do We Sleep?Objective 3:
How do our sleep patterns differ?What 4 theories describe our need for sleep?
Genetic Forces◦ age related differences in avg. sleeping time depend
upon differences among individuals
Cultural Forces◦ Those in more modernized cultures sleep less
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Circadian rhythm◦Internal biological clock
◦Body rhythms change temperature, alertness occurs on a 24 hr cycle age & experience can
alter your circadian rhythm
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Biological Rhythms and SleepCircadian Rhythm
When light hits the retina, it signals the brain to stop
production ofLight Stops Melatonin =
awake
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Four Sleep Theories
1. Sleep protects-evolutionary? Animals sleep patterns fit its
place in nature elephant vs bats
most need to graze/least ability to hide
2. Sleep helps us recover
- repair brain tissue
3. Sleep helps memory & creative thinking proof?
4. Sleep releases growth hormones Stage 4 – deep sleep As we age we spend less
time in deep sleep (stage 4)
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Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major
sleep disorders?
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Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
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Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
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Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
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Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss
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◦Weight Gain (ghrelin)◦Stress (cortisol)
◦Insomnia◦Narcolepsyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0h2nleWTwI
◦Sleep apnea◦Night terrors◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdwYgGXQ5mo
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Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major sleep
disorders?
Effects of Sleep Debt Sleep Disorders Weight Gain
◦ Gherlin
Stress◦ Cortisol
Irritable
Less Creative
Poor Judgement
Insomnia
Sleep Apnea◦ Stop breathing
Night Terrors◦ Stage 4
Narcolepsyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0h2nleWTwI
1 in 20
1 in 2000
1 in 10
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Objective 5:What do we dream about & what are the five
theories of dreaming?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GGzc3x9WJU
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Objective 5:What do we dream about & what are the five theories of
why we dream?
Manifest Content◦ Storyline
Daily life works way into dreams External stimuli works way into
dreams
Latent Content
“Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.”
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Activation Synthesis Theory
Objective 5… Theories of Dreaming To satisfy our own wishes
◦ Freud; psychic safety valve;◦ Manifest Content / Latent Content
To file away memories◦ Information processing◦ Fix the day’s experiences in our minds
To develop/preserve neural pathways◦ Babies = Lots of REM
To make sense of neural static◦ Limbic system active during REM (i.e. amygdala) while frontal
lobe less active To reflect cognitive development
◦ Brain maturation