congenital heart defects
TRANSCRIPT
Congenital Heart Defects
Defects with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Atrial Septal Defect
• An abnormal connection between the R and L atria and is illustrated in the diagram.
• Clinical Manifestations- generally asymptomatic- with soft systolic murmur- more classically a widely split S2 unaffected by respiratory pattern.
• Diagnostics- presence of murmur- CXR – cardiomegaly- ECG - demonstrates size of defect.- cardiac death is not routinely indicated for dx of a n isolated ASD.
• Treatment- preoperative interaction- Diuretics- surgical repair is performed in the preschool age.- sternotomy
Ventricular Septal Defect
• Abnormal connection bet R. and L Ventricles.• Clinical Manifestations
- asymptomatic- large defect – CHF- tachypneic, diaphoretic, fatigues easily, underweight for age- tires before feeding is completed.
• Diagnostics- loud holosystic murmur- Normal CXR- large defects (cardiomegaly, increased in pulmonary blood flow)- ECG (shows size of defect)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Direct connection between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta.
• Term newborn – the ductus closes within 12 hours and should be closed by 2-3 weeks.
• s/s- if small : asymptomatic- if large : CHF
Atrioventricular Septal Defects
• Asso. With septal defects in the atrium and ventricle as well as involvement of the AV Valves.
• s/s:- s/s of CHF- with murmur- virtually all are asymptomatic
Truncus Arteriosus
• Single arterial trunk arises from the heart.• s/s:
- cyanosis- w/ s/s of CHF- with loud continuous murmur
- symptoms always develop in the 1st month of life.
Defects with decrease Pulmonary Blood Flow
• Pulmonary Stenosis- refers to narrowing of the pulmonary valve and obstruction to blood flow from the R ventricle to the lungs.- s/s :
- mild to moderate – asymptomatic with mumur
- normal growth- dyspneas, cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot