conflict and identity in the 13 colonies conflict and identity in the 13 colonies created by: lopez,...
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Conflict and Identity in the
13 Colonies
Conflict and Identity in the
13 Colonies
Created by: Lopez, kloster, Pojer
Native AmericansNative Americans
Pequot Wars1636-1637
• Pequots were largest tribe in New England
• Great Migration caused population increase in
region and Puritans decided Indians had to
go
• Allied themselves with Pequot enemies
• Used Bible as justification
• By 1637, nearly Pequots killed or sold into
slavery
A Pequot Village Destroyed, 1637
A Pequot Village Destroyed, 1637
Population of the New England Colonies
Population of the New England Colonies
PurposeUnite against a common enemy.
SignificanceColonies starting to
uniteInvolved
Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New
Haven, and Connecticut but not
Rhode Island or Maine (only
Puritans)Indian Wars
Confederation dissolves once wars
end.
PurposeUnite against a common enemy.
SignificanceColonies starting to
uniteInvolved
Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New
Haven, and Connecticut but not
Rhode Island or Maine (only
Puritans)Indian Wars
Confederation dissolves once wars
end.
Not Rhode Island
Massasoit was chief of the Wampanoag tribe- had
always been peaceful with colonists
He died in 1661 and his son, Metacom (King
Phillip) becomes chief; was fearful of colonists taking
away Indian lands
1675- formed Indian alliance – attacked
throughout New England, especially frontier
• English towns were attacked 52 of 90
English towns and burned 13 of them to the
ground; over 1,000 colonists killed
• Used strategies employed by Puritans in
Pequot war
• 1676: War ended, Metacom executed,
lasting defeat for Indians
Labor Systems: The Rise of the British-American
System of Slavery
Labor Systems: The Rise of the British-American
System of Slavery
Bacon’s Rebellion(1676 - 1677)
Bacon’s Rebellion(1676 - 1677)
Nathaniel Bacon represents
former indentured servants.
Nathaniel Bacon represents
former indentured servants.
GovernorWilliam
Berkeley of Jamestown
GovernorWilliam
Berkeley of Jamestown
• Involved former indentured servants• Not accepted in
Jamestown• Disenfranchised and unable to receive their
land• Gov. Berkeley would not defend settlements
from Indian attacks
• Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for
rebels• Gov. Berkeley refused to
meet their conditions and erupts into a civil
war.• Bacon dies, Gov. Berkeley puts down rebellion and several
rebels are hungConsequence of Bacon’s Rebellion
Plantation owners gradually replaced indentured servants with African slaves because it was seen as a better
investment in the long term than indentured servitude.
Slavery in The Colonies
• One of the main problems in the colonies was LABOR SHORTAGE
• Head right System• Indentured Servants• Slave Trade
Slavery in the Colonies
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Religious Peril and Transformations
Religious Peril and Transformations
The Salem Witch Trials took from March to September 1693, was one of the most notorious episodes in early American history.
Based on the accusations of two young girls, Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams.
Under British law and Puritan society those who were accused of consorting with the devil were considered felons, having committed a crime against their government. The punishment was hanging.
19 hanged, 1 pressed, 55 confessed as witches and 150 awaited trial.
Shows the strictness of Puritan societyOf the 50 who actually confessed, none were hanged.
Eventually ended by the Governor when his wife was accused
Causes disapproval of Reverend Parrisland disputes between families,
Indian taught witchcraft to girls.
Girls caught dancing, began to throw fits and accuse people of bewitching (To put under one's power by magic or cast a spell
over) them to not get in trouble.
The Great Awakening
• Arminianism: Directly challenged Calvinism’s predestination doctrine and was supported increasingly by liberal ministers – Stated man is not helpless in achieving
salvation; his will can be an effective force in his being saved
The Great Awakening
• 1st mass social movement in American Colonies
• Primarily in the Southern and middle colonies
• Religion in America had become more liberal over the decades
• Great Awakening was a movement back towards a more conservative style of religion
The Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards• Credited with starting the great
awakening in 1734• Very influential theologian and
writer• Blasted the idea of salvation through
free will (arminianism); instead he emphasized dependence on God's grace
The Great Awakening
George Whitefield• Englishman who traveled
extensively throughout the colonies • Gave rousing speeches using the
Bible and drew large crowds• Created Methodism in GA and SC• Most influential figure in Great
Awakening
The Great Awakening
• 1st mass social movement in American Colonies
• Primarily in the Southern and middle colonies
• Religion in America had become more liberal over the decades
• Great Awakening was a movement back towards a more conservative style of religion
Zenger decision was a landmark case which paved the way for the
eventual freedom of the press.
Zenger Case, 1734-5: New York newspaper exposed corrupt local
governor
• John Peter Zenger, a New York publisher charged with libel against the colonial governor
• Zenger’s lawyer argues that what he wrote was true, so it can’t be libel (defamation of character)• English law says it doesn’t matter if it’s true or
not• Jury acquits Zenger anyway
• Not total freedom of the press, but newspapers now took greater risks in criticism of political
figures.
• John Peter Zenger, a New York publisher charged with libel against the colonial governor
• Zenger’s lawyer argues that what he wrote was true, so it can’t be libel (defamation of character)• English law says it doesn’t matter if it’s true or
not• Jury acquits Zenger anyway
• Not total freedom of the press, but newspapers now took greater risks in criticism of political
figures.
Economic
Transformations
Economic
Transformations
Mercantilism: Economic policy where wealth is power and the key to wealth is to export
products more than import
WHY?
Colonies’ role: provide raw materials (so mother country does not have to import from
other nations) and consume finished European products
Favorable balance of trade for England
• Most famous of laws to enforce mercantilism were the Navigation Laws (1650)–Restricted trade to English vessels (no Dutch)
• Additional laws: Goods bound for colonies had to go to England first for duties
• Colonists also not allowed to manufacture certain products to not compete with British (textiles, weapons, etc.)
Was it reasonable for England to pass laws
such as these to control Colonial
trade?
It was difficult for Great Britain to
enforce these laws?
Colonists broke the law and smuggled and
traded with other countries.
The Navigation Acts 1650
No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were
shipped in either colonial or English ships.
All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three-quarters English or colonial
The colonies could export certain products only to England
Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port.
Colonists broke the law and smuggled and traded with other countries.
The Navigation Acts 1650
Where the Acts Effective?
Advantages of mercantilism
• VA/MD tobacco farmers guaranteed monopoly on English market.
• Until 1763, Navigation Laws were not a burden because laxly enforced (salutary neglect)
• Merchants disregarded or evaded restrictions, some got rich by smuggling (e.g. John Hancock)
Disadvantages of mercantilism
• Mercantilism hurt the economy due to lack of freedom
• South was favored due to Tobacco, sugar and rice• Parliament set up a Board of Trade and took away
the right of trial by jury. Colonists were considered guilty until proven innocent.
• Most important, mercantilism was insulting: colonies felt they were being milked like cows.
Trade
Enumerated Commodities• Lumber• Tobacco• Rice• Indigo• Furs• Sugar
To England
Manufactured Goods
• Furniture• Clothing• Colonials had
not factories.
From England to Colonies
Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? Use your knowledge of the colonial period up to 1700 to develop your answer.
Due Friday September 4th, 2015