conducting income survey’s indiana office of community and rural affairs “serving indiana’s...
TRANSCRIPT
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Conducting Income Survey’s
Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs
“Serving Indiana’s rural communities through technical, financial and
personal assistance”
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Purpose of a Survey
• Determine if a CDBG National Objective can be met by a proposed project activity
• Obtain demographic information from survey area residents
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Program Service Area
True or False? The service area…
• Is always the legal boundaries of the applicant?
• Needs to coincide with census tract boundaries?
• Is based on the area where the benefitting residents live?
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Survey Methodology
Two methods of survey:
• Census (100% survey of service area)
• Sampling (random sample of service area)
Which method should you use?
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Sampling Surveys
Selecting the Sample:
• Define survey population (service area)
• Determine how many households need to be interviewed
• Make allowances for un-reachables and non-respondents
• Actual sample selection
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Defining the Population
• Need accurate method to identify all households in the service area
• City indexes, telephone books and 911 maps are helpful
• Not everyone has a land line anymore
• Tax rolls can be misleading
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Sample Size
• Do not try to survey everyone unless the small sample size dictates it
• All households in an area must have equal chance of selection
• Use random numbers table or on-line randomizer like www.randomizer.org or www.random.org
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Six Steps
1. Select the Survey Type2. Develop the Questionnaire3. Select the Sample4. Conduct the Survey5. Determine the Results6. Document and Save your Results
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Step One: Select Survey Type
1. Mail Survey (self administered)
2. Face to Face interviews (Door to Door)
3. Telephone interviews
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Mailed Surveys
1. Basic method for collecting data
2. Survey form should be mailed with self-addressed return envelope
3. Usually has lowest response rate
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Face to Face Interviews
• Interviewer visits house directly• Survey form completed onsite• Interviewers need training• Follow up visits usually required• Highest response rate
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Telephone Interviews
1. Questions asked via telephone
2. Need to ensure proper respondent answers questions
3. Telephone interviews
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Table A – Summary Comparison of the Three Survey Methods
Dimension of Comparison Mailed Questionnaire
Face-to-Face Interviews
Telephone Interviews
Cost
Moderate
High
Low
Data Quality: Response rate Respondent motivation Interview bias
Low Low
None
High High
Moderate
Moderate to High High Low
Sample quality
Low
High
Moderate
Interview length
Short
Very Long
Long
Ability to probe and clarify
None
High
High
Speed
Low
Low
High
Interviewer supervision
None
Low
High
Anonymity
High
Low
Low
Ability to use computer assistance during process
None
Possible
High
Dependence on respondent’s reading and writing abilities
High
None
None
Control of context and question order
High
High
High
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Step Two: Develop Questionnaire
• Develop survey form – must either use the provided form or
include at a minimum all content from approved form.
• All respondents must be asked the same questions
• Exact responses must be recorded as presented
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Step Three: Select the Sample
• Determine the population• Determine the sample size• Select the survey group• How to replace families that cannot
be surveyed– Non-responsive– Unreachable
• Mail or Door to Door – at least 2 attempts• Telephone – at least 3 attempts
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Step Four: Conduct the Survey
• Advance notice of survey is critical• DO NOT bias the results• Interviewer must follow process• Survey etiquette must be followed• Turn surveys over to the tabulator• Each survey needs to be reviewed
and edited for completeness and accuracy
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Confidentiality
• Emphasize that results are confidential
• Questionnaire should not have respondents name, address or phone number
• Unique identifier should be used
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Step Five: Analyze the Results
The Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs requires all income surveys that are conducted to determine CDBG eligibility, be
certified by an uninterested third party with the appropriate
educational background and technical expertise.
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Step Five: Analyze the Results
• Analysis
• Consistency Checks– Margin of Error– Compare to LMISD data– Random sample check
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What if its less than 51%
• Applicant may not apply for projects using the National Objective of Benefit to Low and Moderate Income Persons – Area Wide
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Step Six: Document Results
• Description of Service Area• Population list used to select
sample and how it was determined• Description of process used to
determine sample (i.e., random number generator)
• How and why members of selected sample were replaced
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Step Six: Document Results
• Completed surveys• Sample listing with unique
identifiers for verification• All documents must be available at
monitoring• A minimum of 10% of surveys
completed each year will be audited by University of Southern Indiana
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Lifespan of an Income Survey
• How long is the income survey good?
• What if there are significant changes?
• Surveys may be used more than once for the exact same service area
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Challenges
1. Transient rental populations2. Residents don’t have land lines3. Local utility records4. People don’t read newspaper5. Property tax rolls
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Techniques
1. Pre-mailing2. 911 3. GIS 4. Utilities
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Contact Information
Kathleen WeissenbergerDirector, Grant Services DivisionIN Office of Community and Rural AffairsOne North Capitol, Suite 600Indianapolis, IN 46204Tel: (317) [email protected]